Recent DOE Work Related to the Energy and Water …Recent DOE Work Related to the Energy and Water CERC Diana Bauer DOE Energy Policy and Systems Analysis Office March 15, 2017 It

Recent DOE Work Related to the Energy and Water CERC

Diana BauerDOE Energy Policy and Systems Analysis Office

March 15, 2017

Presenter

Presentation Notes

It is a pleasure to be here. I am looking forward to hearing about the progress that you have made over the past year and also to have the opportunity to work with you to strengthen collaborative relationships among researchers on the U.S. and China side. As you know, the Department of Energy has been working with some focus in the energy-water nexus over the past several years. This morning, I will take the opportunity to reiterate the perspective and framing that DOE has used to address the energy-water nexus. I will also highlight some recent work supported by DOE that relates to the CERC energy and water topic areas. I would encourage you to reach out to DOE if you are interested in connecting more directly to any of this work.

US-China Clean Energy Research Center Water-Energy Technologies (CERC-WET)

Energy-Water Nexus: Why Now? Why DOE?

• Energy and water are interdependent.• Water scarcity, variability, and uncertainty are

becoming more prominent.• This is leading to vulnerabilities of the U.S.

energy system.• We cannot assume the future is like the past in

terms of climate, technology, and the evolving decision landscape.

• Replacing aging infrastructure brings an opportunity to make some changes.

• DOE has strong expertise in technology, modeling, analysis, and data and can contribute to understanding the issues and pursuing solutions across the entire nexus.

Download the full report at energy.gov

Presenter

Presentation Notes

In 2014, DOE issued The Water-Energy Nexus: Challenges and Opportunities that frames the issues and provided a foundation for subsequent work. In essence energy and water systems are interdependent. There is currently opportunity to increase efficiency and reduce vulnerability. It is also important to consider how the systems and the environment they operate in may be changing. As we replace aging infrastructure, this also brings opportunities to increase efficiency and reduce vulnerability. DOE’s expertise in modeling and technology R&D can help inform understanding and lead to innovative solutions.


DOE’s Strategic Pillars for the Energy-Water Nexus

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• Optimize the freshwater efficiency of energy production, electricity generation, and end use systems

• Optimize the energy efficiency of water management, treatment, distribution, and end use systems

• Enhance the reliability and resilience of energy and water systems

• Increase safe and productive use of nontraditional water sources

• Promote responsible energy operations with respect to water quality, ecosystem, and seismic impacts

• Exploit productive synergies among water and energy systems

Source: The Energy-Water Nexus: Challenges and Opportunities (DOE, 2014)

Presenter

Presentation Notes

These are the six strategic pillars that were featured in our report. They cover: Efficiency in water for energy Efficiency in energy for water Reliability and Resilience of the two systems Productive use of nontraditional water – including produced water from oil and gas Responsible energy operations Synergies among water and energy systems The energy and water CERC track is well aligned with these pillars.


Interconnected Energy and Water Systems

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Source: The Energy-Water Nexus: Challenges and Opportunities (DOE, 2014)

Presenter

Presentation Notes

This hybrid energy and water Sankey (flow) diagram is the centerpiece figure for the 2014 DOE Report. This diagram represents the flows of energy and water. Energy flows are in green at the top. Water flows are in blue at the bottom. A couple of things to notice in the figure: A lot of energy and water flows to electricity generation/ thermoelectric cooling – it makes sense that the CERC track is focusing here on thermal management, efficiency, and water use reduction. With the exception of once through cooling for thermoelectric generation, the current use of saline sources is quite small. By improving the energy performance and reducing the cost of desalination and other water treatment, CERC-WET can help to improve the attractiveness of these alternative water sources for a wider range of uses. This is a country level picture. The relationship between energy and water flows varies regionally. EPSA (my office) is nearing completion on a project to develop one of these figures for each of the 50 states.


Responding to Challenges in the Energy-Water System

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Water-Efficient Cooling

Energy-Optimized Treatment,

Management, and Beneficial Use of

Nontraditional Waters

Sustainable Low-Energy Water Utilities

Population/Migration

Land Use & Land Cover Change

Energy TechnologyPathways

Regional Economic DevelopmentUrbanization &

Infrastructure Dynamics

Policy and Institutional Changes

Stakeholder and Consumer Preferences

Climate Change (Mitigation and

Adaptation)

Forces on System

Technology Solutions

Presenter

Presentation Notes

DOE has used the Sankey figure to help us think about opportunities to have impact through our work. In the center, this figure shows 3 technology topic areas that are current foci for the department: Water-efficient cooling Treatment of non-traditional water Sustainable water utilities (includes recovery of energy from wastewater. Around the outside are forces that can change the patterns of flow over time. These forces include: energy technology pathways, policy change, urbanization & infrastructure dynamics, Etc. Models are important to help inform understanding of these potential changes and the implications for the future flows of energy and water.


An Integrated Approach to Energy-Water Systems of the Future

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Technology RDD&D

Data, Modeling, and Analysis

Deployment Barriers and Opportunities

Performance and Cost Specifications

Analytic Tools,Projections,

Data

Data Needs

Technology Opportunities

Performance and Cost Specifications

Policy Analysis

Presenter

Presentation Notes

DOE’s work in the energy-water nexus features Technology RDD&D; Data, Modeling, and Analysis (DMA); Policy Analysis; and Outreach & Stakeholder Engagement. These 4 elements are interconnected. For example, between policy analysis and technology RDD&D there is shared information on deployment barriers and opportunities and performance/ cost specifications. Data needs are strongly shared between DMA and policy analysis. Outreach and Stakeholder Engagement are important both to inform the work that DOE does and to share the results of DOE’s work to inform stakeholder decisions and solutions.


DOE Work Connects to CERC Topics • Topic Area 1: Water Use Reduction at Thermoelectric plants

• Topic Area 2: Treatment & Management of Non-Traditional Waters

• Topic Area 3: Improving Sustainable Hydropower Design & Operation

• Topic Area 4: Climate Impact Modeling, Methods, & Science for Energy-Water Systems

• Topic Area 5: Data/Analysis to Inform Planning, Policy, and Other Decisions

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Across the 5 topic areas, the organization of CERC-WET mirrors the organization of DOE’s energy-water nexus work. For the remainder of the talk, I will go through some specific examples of recent or current DOE work that connects to each of the CERC-WET topic areas.


Dry Cooling for Electricity Generation (ARPA-E)

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• Air-cooling heat exchangers (3 projects)• Sorption & other supplemental cooling (4 projects)• Radiative cooling and cool storage (3 projects)

‣ Flue gas H2O recovery & cool storage (2 projects)‣ Combined air-cooled condenser & cool storage (2

projects)

Sample Indirect Dry-Cooling System that Satisfies ARID Program Objectives

DOE’s ARPA-E Advanced Research in Dry Cooling (ARID) Research Solicitation is funding 14 projects for a total of $30 million:

Topic Area 1

Presenter

Presentation Notes

In May 2015, ARPA-E funded 14 projects addressing dry cooling using a variety of technology approaches. These are 3 year projects with an annual progress review workshop. There may be an opportunity for CERC-WET to exchange information with ARID investigators, such as on heat exchanger design.


Bench-Scale Water Treatment System Utilizes Low-Grade Heat and Carbon Dioxide from Power Plants (Fossil Energy)

• Process to treat and recycle power plant wastewater while capturing carbon dioxide from flue gas using low-grade heat.

• Porifera Inc.’s bench-scale water treatment system, COHO, is based on forward osmosis.

• Prototype system recovered more than 65% of the wastewater, demonstrating its potential to treat challenging wastewater streams.

Topic Area 1 & 2

Presenter

Presentation Notes

The Fossil Energy office is also supporting work related to heat management and recovery in thermoelectric plants. But this project also treats plant wastewater, so it is related to both Topic Area 1 and Topic Area 2 DOE's Office of Fossil Energy is supporting the development of a process to treat and recycle power plant wastewater while capturing carbon dioxide from flue gas using low-grade heat. The prototype system has been tested with synthetic power plant wastewaters. The prototype system recovered more than 65% of the wastewater, demonstrating its potential to treat challenging wastewater streams.


Sacrificial Protective Coating Materials that can be Regenerated In-Situ to Enable High Performance Membranes (EERE)

Project Prime: Teledyne Scientific & ImagingProject Partners: Agenda 2020 Technology Alliance, MeadWestvaco Corporation

Technology: Develop and validate a novel membrane technology incorporating an easily regenerated, fouling resistant protective coating that provides an energy-efficient method to concentrate weak black liquor (WBL), a by-product of wood pulp production in the pulp and paper industry. The concentrated liquor is burned in a recovery boiler providing some energy recovery for industry processes.

Technology Update• Developed coating process that enables preferential

formation of intermediates that are polymerized later to minimize particle formation and pore clogging.

• Demonstrated coatings survive process temperature (>85°C) and chemistry (pH of 13 – 14).

• Demonstrated black liquor treatment process (>85°C) for >3 days with <20% drop in total flux.

• Demonstrated coating is superior at concentrating WBL under highly fouling conditions compared to uncoated membranes.

Both membrane surface and inner pore walls are coated without affecting WBL flux. Courtesy of Teledyne.

Topic Area 2

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Also related to topic area 2, EERE (Advanced Manufacturing Office) has supported a number of projects relating to membranes for water treatment and separation for wastewater with a range of contaminants. This example shows membranes with a protective coating for use in treating wastewater/ concentrating waste streams in the pulp and paper industry. Project Period: September 2012 – January 2017 DOE Investment: $2.1M Industry Cost Share: $527,349 AMO Technology Manager: David Forrest


Informing Hydropower Investment and Operational Decisions in the Face of a Changing Climate (Lab: PNNL)Project start: FY17 – In FY16 the Hydro program held a lab call to initiate research into IAV/IAM models for basin level hydropower and thermoelectric generation. The call was titled "Integrated Climate Risk Modelling to Understand Impacts to Riverine temperature regimes, River Ecology, Hydropower, and Thermoelectric Generation“

Overview:• Project objectives (1) to improve capabilities and modeling tools to assess different

long-term climate risks to hydropower systems and integrated water infrastructure. (2) To provide decision makers with the capability to predict the probable location, timing, duration, and severity of water-temperature events that exceed legal standards and explore alternative operations and infrastructure investments to mitigate the frequency and duration of such events.

• This work is scoped to feed directly into a future 9505 report. • Modelling framework will be developed through a set of interrelated components:

(1) stakeholder engagement, (2) climate modelling, (3) watershed hydrologic modelling, (4) river and reservoir quality modelling, (5) environmental impact assessments, (6) and future hydropower developments.

• Next Steps: Forming National and Basin level advisory committees. Submitted request for climate model runs. Starting important stakeholder outreach and engagement planning.

FY17 EWN Hydropower Project Topic Area 3

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Aligned with Topic Area 3, the Department is also engaged in modeling work and tools development to inform hydropower operational decisions. As water resource availability and temperature varies over time, this may introduce the long term climate risks to hydropower systems and integrated water infrastructure systems. This project is focusing on: Improving risk assessment tools Informing analysis of water temperature events that exceed legal standards Informing possible investments in infrastructure to mitigate risk


• The SECURE Water Act Section 9505 of the Omnibus Public Lands Management Act of 2009 directs DOE to “evaluate the potential effects of climate change on water availability for federal hydropower generation marketed by power marketing administrations (PMAs).” Reports to Congress are required every 5 years, beginning in 2011 and ending in 2021.

• 9505 Assessment Report– Technical report with details on assessment methods and

results – Published as an Oak Ridge National Lab report, available at:

http://nhaap.ornl.gov/

• 9505 Report to Congress– Short summary of the assessment, including

recommendations from Power Marketing Administration administrators

– Delivered to Congress January 2017– Available at: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/water/

9505 Report to Congress: Assessing Long-Term Risks to Hydropower Systems

Topic Area 3

Presenter

Presentation Notes

The project on the previous slide is feeding into a mandated Report to Congress (9505 Assessment Report), with the next report expected in 2021. As part of this process, DOE is directed to “evaluate the potential effects of climate change on water availability for federal hydropower generation marketed by power marketing administrations (PMAs).”

http://nhaap.ornl.gov/

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/water/


Data, Modeling, and Analysis (Science)

Integrated Multi-System, Multi-Scale Modeling

Framework and IAV Modeling

Impact, Adaptation, and Vulnerability Strategic Research and Analysis

D M ANational

Regional

Sub-Regional

Layered Energy Resilience Data-Knowledge System

Regional-Scale Data, Modeling, and Analysis

Test Beds

Electric Power

Population/Migration

Climate

Land Use/Cover

Water Systems

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Topic Area 4

Presenter

Presentation Notes

DOE’s data, modeling, and analysis work in the energy-water nexus crosscut is led by the Office of Science and features: A layered data system that connects data from energy, water, land and other domains to inform understanding of interactions among infrastructure systems. Modeling and analysis that examines and informs understanding of reliability, resilience, and cost-effectiveness of both energy and water infrastructure by accounting for the strong inter-connections between these systems. The modeling and analysis also addresses the evolving stresses, demands, and opportunities that will shape future infrastructure development. Regional testbeds that catalyze the use of data, models, and tools to examine specific regional and sub-regional questions.


• Layered Energy Resilience Data-Knowledge System • ORNL, ANL, NASA, DAAC (Columbia), others

• Modeling focused on energy-water-land interactions• PNNL-JGCRI Scientific Focus Area (SFA)• MIT Cooperative Agreement

• Regional Scale Energy-Water Nexus and Impact, Adaptation, and Vulnerability (IAV) Modeling and related economic methodologies

• Stanford led-multi-institutional Cooperative Agreement • New multi-model framework SFA established under PNNL

with LANL, NREL, UCAR, and other universities.• Strong interagency/intra-agency collaboration through

interagency working group and several key workshops• Strategic Research and Analysis: Fine-scale climate analysis and

human feedbacks for the energy-water nexus• Two new Cooperative Agreements competed and awarded

for university led multi-institutional teams

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DMA Examples and Funded Institutions (Science)Topic Area 4

Presenter

Presentation Notes

There is ongoing data, modeling, and analysis work across a multitude of national laboratories and universities. The interagency community (including NASA, DHS, NSF, DOD, DOI, EPA) has collaborated on identifying the gaps and prioritizing areas for focus.


Energy and Water Systems Integration Analysis (EPSA)

• Capturing the Benefits of Integrated Resource Management for Water & Electricity Utilities and their Partners (Workshop with University of California-2015)

– Convened utilities and policymakers in water and electricity– Identified opportunities in developing shared systems understanding; data and

analytics; and logistics and implementation to make progress in GHG emissions reduction, resilience, and resource efficiency

• Integrated Desalination and Energy Design Competition with Israel (2016)

– Competition for designs for novel integrated energy and desalinization systems that can:

• Flexibly interface with the modern electric grid.• Vary their operations depending on current conditions.• Economically and flexibly balance input and output flows of water, electricity, and wastes.

• US-EU Collaboration on Power-Water Systems Modeling (2016 workshop)

– Focused on innovative power-water linkages in models to inform policy and other decision-making

– Identified next steps, including exploring modeling coupling between water and electricity sectors that increases flexibility to increase resilience

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Topic Area 5

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Aligned with topic area 5, one of EPSA’s interests has been energy and water systems integration. Together with U.S. and international collaborators, we have identified opportunities through systems design and models to pursue integration that improves efficiency, flexibility, and resilience across both systems.


Draft Database of State-Level Water Policies that Affect Energy (EPSA)

• Public database of 1700+ state-level water policies that affect energy systems• Types of policies include:

– Water rights – Water discharge regulations– Underground Injection Control (UIC)– State water plans– Regional watershed commissions– Reservoir and river operations – Integrated energy-water policies

• Potential uses:– Policy analysis– Modeling inputs– Visualizations (e.g., interactive maps,

influence diagrams, interstate policy comparisons)

• The database is currently in a “beta” version. We plan to circulate for stakeholder review.

Topic Area 5

Presenter

Presentation Notes

EPSA has also prepared a draft database of state level water policies that impact energy. This includes environmental policies, water rights policies, water control manuals, regional watershed commission policies, state water plans. It also includes explicitly integrated energy-water policies.


Data and Cooling System Operations (EPSA)

• Harmonization of the Energy Information Administration’s datasets helped to reveal how cooling systems tend to operate even when associated generators are not producing electricity

Source: DOE Quadrennial Energy Review 1.2 (DOE 2017)

Topic Area 5

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Finally, I want to underscore that the CERC Topic Areas are interconnected. Earlier this year, EPSA issued the Second Installment of the Quadrennial Energy Review, which focused on transforming the nation’s electricity system. As part of this focus, we used a new EIA data set to examine water use in thermoelectric generation and found that on some U.S. plants cooling systems are operated even when associated generators are not producing electricity. This is a significant effect, constituting about 30% of U.S. water withdrawal. This has implications for our thinking about topic area 1.


Diana Bauer, DirectorEnergy Systems Integration Analysis (EPSA-41)

Energy Systems and Policy Analysis (EPSA)U.S. Department of Energy [email protected] | 7H-085

Websites:DOE energy-water nexus crosscut:

https://energy.gov/under-secretary-science-and-energy/water-energy-tech-teamEPSA energy-water nexus initiative:

https://energy.gov/epsa/energy-water-nexus

Contact Information/Questions

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Thank you. And please feel free to contact me with any questions or input.

https://energy.gov/under-secretary-science-and-energy/water-energy-tech-team

https://energy.gov/epsa/energy-water-nexus

Documents

Recent DOE Work Related to the Energy and Water …Recent DOE Work Related to the Energy and Water CERC Diana Bauer DOE Energy Policy and Systems Analysis Office March 15, 2017 It