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Rebecca FullerBSc Applied [email protected]
P.P.P.P…..Penguin Personality & Intelligence
Do Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) exhibit any awareness of self?
Humboldt Penguin (Fuller 2013)
Moving Penguin (Clker 2011)
Humboldt Penguins most common captive species
Vulnerable by IUCN
Penguins Social Species
Apes (Hominoidea), Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncates) Corvid family
European Magpie (Pica pica) – Mirror Test
King Penguins recognise each others vocals
INTRODUCTION
Prior H, Schwarz A, Güntürkün O (2008) Mirror-Induced Behavior in the Magpie (Pica pica): Evidence of Self-Recognition . PLoS Biol 6(8)Aubin T, Jouventin P, Hildebrand C (2013) Penguins use the two-voice system to recognize each other. PLoS 267Humboldt Penguin (Fuller 2013)
(Surbound 2014) S.Humboldti Range
16 Humboldt Penguins at Newquay Zoo
8 Males 8 Females
3 Chicks
First 3 days 5 mins of observation
Photo ID - Spot Patterns
PATCH EBONY ICKLE PICKLE
METHOD
Humboldt Penguin (Fuller 2013)
METHOD
The Vocalisation Test
Mirror Test
Vocalisation Ethogram
Behaviour Definition
Flight behaviour 1 No vocals, quickly moving away from sound
Timid behaviour 2 No vocals, slowly moving away from sound
Indifferent behaviour 3 No vocals, no reaction to sound
Alert and inquisitive behaviour 4 Aware of sound and alertness towards it
Interactive behaviour 5 Aware of sound and vocalisation response
Mirror Test Ethogram
Behaviour Definition
Flight behaviour 1 Running away from the mirror
Timid behaviour 2 Moving away from the mirror Indifferent behaviour 3 No reaction to mirror
Alert and inquisitive behaviour 4 Looking at and approaching mirror
Interactive behaviour 5
Interacting with mirror (pecking, moving about it in front of mirror)
Humboldt Penguin (Fuller 2013)Mirror (RAFT 2014)
METHOD
Penguin Enclosure (Fuller 2013)Cartoon Penguin (Clker 2011)
RESULTS
Normality tests – Normal distribution
Positive correlation (Weak)
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.50
1
2
3
4
5
6
Day 1. Own Call vs Mirror Test
PENGUINSLinear (PENGUINS)
MIRROR SCORING
VOCA
L SCO
RIN
G
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.50
1
2
3
4
5
6
Day 2. Own Call vs Mirror Test
PENGUINSLinear (PENGUINS)
MIRROR SCORING
VOCA
L SCO
RIN
G
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.50
1
2
3
4
5
6
Day 3. Own Call vs Mirror Test
PENGUINSLinear (PENGUINS)
MIRROR SCORING
VOCA
L SCO
RIN
G
Conclusion
Response to own calls = Response to own reflection
Bold in one test = Bold in another
Rest of Project – Novel Item & Feeding
Further studies – Mirror Mark test Other captive populations Other species of penguin
Ickle Pickle (Trevenna 2013)
Moving Penguin (Clker 2011)
