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Rhetoric (& Penguins)
Nathan Loynes
Rhetoric is an ‘appeal’
Logos
Ethos
Pathos
Logos
Logos may be affected by logical fallacies
Slippery Slope
Argument is made through momentum;like falling down a slippery slope: “and then…? and then…? and then…? There! I told you so!”
How did he get here?!?
How did he get to here?!?
? ???
Hasty Generalisation
“I am theCause!”
“He was asleepanyway!”
Post hoc ergo prompter hoc (sequence equals causality)
Genetic Fallacy
What did you expect?He is from Belgium
Begging the claim
Circular Argument
Either/or
“It’s blackOr white”
“What about the grey, man?”
Ad hominem: attack on the person (penguin) i.e. insults
Ad Populum. Popular association appeal
Red Herring (what’s WITH these penguins…?)
Conclusion
• Rhetoric is employed through a range of stylistic techniques.
• Logical fallacies occur either accidentally, or purposively.
• Unspotted logical fallacies can convince us of an invalid argument, or distract us from the issue at hand.
[Source: Weida & Stolley, 2013]