Challenge the future

DelftUniversity ofTechnology

Realistic perspectives for energy renovations in the next decadesHenk Visscher – OTB, Delft University of Technology

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Henk Visscher•Delft University of Technology•OTB Research for the Built Environment•Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment•Prof. Housing Quality and Process Innovation•Research Programme: Housing

Focus: Energy efficient housing stock

•Director Graduate School A+BE

Introduction

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• Research programme Housing Quality

• Recent EU projects

• Energy efficient housing: theory and practice

Structure of the presentation

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Delft

100.000 people

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Library

Aula

Delft University of Technology(2011)-17,000 students-16% international students-2,500 scientific staff-14 Bac. courses-33 Mst. courses

- 6,000 scientific publications

- 320 PhD dissertations

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Faculty of Architecture

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• Architecture• Urbanism• Architectural Engineering and Technology• Real Estate and Housing• OTB Research for the Built Environment

Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment

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OTB Researchfor the Built Environment

• 100 academic researchers in 3 research programmes

• Housing: Housing Systems and Housing Quality• Urban and Regional Studies• Geo Governance and Technique

• Funding: 40% university, 60% external funds and contracts

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OTB Researchfor the Built Environment

Research on SustainableHousing Quality

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Research Programme Housing Quality

Quality of life – People spend most of their time at home: comfort, safety, health

Ecological footprint – 40% of CO2 in built

environment: most cost effective saving potential

Economical assets – cost, value, life span, maintenance

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Housing Quality Research Programm

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Housing Quality Research Topics

I Assessment of Sustainable and Healthy Housing

• Energy efficiency (including behaviour)• Reduction of total environmental impact (LCA calculations)• Indoor environment (ventilation systems)

III Policy, regulations and quality assurance

• Energy efficiency policies and regulations• Housing Quality improvement policies of

municipalities• Efficiency and effectiveness of systems of

building regulations and control

II Housing Management(by social housing associations)

• Social entrepreneurship of Housing Associations

• Implementation of housing stock policies

• Implementation of energy efficiency policies

IV Innovative Building and Maintenance Processes

• Alternative contracting• Cooperation and supply chain

integration• Innovation diffusion

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9b. Priority research/projects

Occupant behaviour and energy

use

Environmental impacts

Supply chain integration

Innovation Energy reduction policies

Quality assurance

Housing stock improvement

policies

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Housing in the Netherlands2000 Home owners Social rent Commercial rent

S.F. M.F Total S.F. M.F Total S.F. M.F Total S.F. M.F Total %

< 1945 751.328 117.797 869.125 123.339 155.525 278.864 159.211 194.243 353.454 1.033.878 467.565 1.501.443 231945-1970 671.902 146.703 818.605 590.037 399.641 989.678 73.252 104.860 178.112 1.335.191 651.204 1.986.395 301971-1990 1.180.195 76.807 1.257.002 437.912 432.531 870.443 110.248 94.440 204.688 1.728.355 603.778 2.332.133 35> 1990 443.471 67.466 510.937 61.186 154.928 216.114 13.626 27.423 41.049 518.283 249.817 768.100 12Totaal 3.046.896 408.773 3.455.669 1.212.474 1.142.625 2.355.099 356.337 420.966 777.303 4.615.707 1.972.364 6.588.071

% 52 36 12

• Total 7.000.000 dwellings;• Yearly production:

new: was 70.000, now 40.000 (?)renovation: 20.000

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European and Dutch targets for energy savings

EU climate and energy targets for 2020:• 20% reduction of CO2 (reference year 1990)• 20% share renewable energy in EU’s overall energy mix (NL:

16%)• 20% improvement of energy efficiency

Energy performance of buildings directive 2003/2010 • EPC‘s for new and existing buildings• New buildings 2020 NZEB• Renovation 25% of value: as new!

2050: Energy neutral Built Environment• 70% of the housing stock of 2050 already exists

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• Green Solar Cities: Energy renovation

(Concerto) 2009-2013

• SHELTER: Cooperation and coordination for energy renovation

(IEE) 2010-2013

• BEEM-UP: Energy renovation – participation and behaviour of

occupants

(FP7) 2011-2014

Running EU Projects

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Renovation Poptahof

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• Ecoheat4cities: Labelling systems for district

heating systems (IEE) 2010-2013

• NEU-Jobs: Our part: development in the European housing

renovation market (FP7) 2011-2014

• SusLabNWE: Realisation and pilots with sustainable living labs – Our

part: input for measuring systems, organisation and analysis pilots

(Interreg) 2012-2014

Running EU Projects

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• COHERENO – Collaboration for NZenergy renovations of owner occupied single family houses – IEE 2013 – 2016

• EPISCOPE (follow up of TABULA) – IEE 2013-2016

• PLEEC – Planning for smart cities - FP7 2013-2017

NEW EU-projects

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NL: Current policies• 2020 RES 16% • 2050 Fossil free

energy system.

• House prices go down• Hard to get mortgages• House building reduced• Also renovation reduced• Housing Associations have less money…

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Progress in energy renovation in NL?

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• NL: Energy Performance Regs. Since 1995• Level: non dimensional digit: (1995) 1.4 – 1.2 – 1.0 – 0.8 – 0.6

(2012)

• Research: Statistical relation between dwellings built under various levels of EPC and final energy use

• 3 data bases

Research 1Energy performance of New Dwellings in NL

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Results – Energy use per m2

• Actual Energy reduction stagnates• Rebound effect + under performance of enveloppe and installations

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Research 2Energy use in the existing stock

• Energy label data base 2010• Actual energy use 3 years • 200.000 cases

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Results

Theory

Actual

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Results

G label:50% less use than expected

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Results

A and B label:10-20% more use than expected

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Results

Very little actual savings

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Total primary energy use

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Total CO2 emissions

• Total CO2 emissions can hardly be reduced by reducing the heating demand

• Covering the domestic electricity use with PV is very effective in NL!

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Conclusions• Large scale renovations on nZEB levels will be very hard to achieve:

requires hughe investments

• When renovating poor performing dwellings to higher levels, a large share of potential savings are used to increase comfort => the average temperature in the dwelling increases

• Renovation programmes should be set up with the aim to increase the total quality and increase the expected life span and value of the dwellings

• Quality assurance essential to achieve potential performances of nZEB

• Use of RES (PV) large contribution to reduce CO2

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New Research Opportunities