Re-imagine mining networks for 2020 and beyondinternet-of-things-innovation.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/... · Re-imagine mining networks for 2020 and ... 1830 Photonic Service

1 Strategic White PaperRe-imagine mining networks for 2020 and beyond

Re-imagine mining networks for 2020 and beyond Enabling network flexibility, agility and speed

Strategic White Paper


Contents

Introduction 3

Disparate networks hamper growth and efficiency 5

Nokia’s network transformation vision 5

Network modernization with an IP/MPLS network 7

Evolving radio communications to broadband LTE 11

A unified cross-layer, cross-domain network manager 12

Revamping the data center with SDN 12

Conclusion 15

Acronyms 16

References 18


IntroductionFew industries operate in more volatile business and political conditions than mining companies. They face the challenges of operations in harsh, remote and sometimes even uninhabitable regions in the midst of unpredictable world events, constantly fluctuating commodity prices affected by the global economic boom-bust cycle, and rising production costs, while they strive to attain eco-sustainability, safety and profitability. And all the while, it is necessary for them to adapt resourcefully and innovate boldly. A cornerstone of their adaptation strategy is to strategically invest in and adopt innovative technologies to automate production and business processes in order to improve efficiency, increase production yields and reduce costs. As a result, they can flourish in boom times and weather an inclement business climate when necessary.

Three innovative technologies are key to transformation for the future:

1. AutomationAt the forefront of mining automation is the introduction of autonomous systems. Automation provides more consistent and efficient operation of mining equipment while providing safer working conditions. An autonomous haulage system (AHS) can load and dump ore and navigate haul roads without the presence of a driver or even remote manual control. An autonomous drilling system (ADS) allows a mining company to expand access to ore deposits in areas previously deemed too dangerous and inhospitable to drill. Deployment of such systems optimizes return on mining assets.

Operation of such autonomous systems in remote mines requires real-time monitoring of the systems’ operating conditions by an operations center. From high-definition video feed to sensors to high precision GPS co-ordinates, continuous gathering of critical operational metrics is pivotal to safe and smooth operations.

2. In-pit broadband mobilityThe mining industry has long recognized the immense value mobility can bring to their business. It allows their mine staff to communicate and access business data and intelligence from anywhere at any time, and therefore enormously increase productivity. Mobility also enables this industry to embrace the future deployment of machine-to-machine (M2M) solutions; many mining devices can now collect and monitor metrics in the mines. Mining companies have also long deployed narrowband mobility for voice communications and some data applications based on private mobile radio/land mobile radio (PMR/LMR) technologies. To continue to improve operations safety and productivity, as well as business efficiency, more data-intensive


applications including fleet location and performance management, asset and logistics tracking and CCTV are deployed. Staff needs to access a lot of data quickly from anywhere in the pit at broadband speed. Therefore many mines are evaluating migration to broadband mobile radio.

3. Analytics and cloud computingMining operations have become more data-centric than ever. Mine operations staff need to tackle a great deal of data all at once — geological data, ore control information, weather data, and mining machine operating conditions — while business analysts in corporate office track pertinent world economic and commodity trading data. Big data analytics and IT applications now play a role from analyzing mining equipment conditions for just-in-time preventive maintenance to optimizing the pit-to-port transportation schedule based on worldwide demand and supply forecasts. They are integral to the streamlined business process that is pivotal to attain optimum production cost. Therefore, the data center, where compute-intensive analytics software runs and enormous amounts of indispensable data are stored, has become the de facto brain of a mining company.

Cloud computing, sometimes known as data center virtualization, is considered to be a very promising compute paradigm to enable mining companies to thrive in this data-intensive and analytics-driven operating model. It empowers mining companies to consolidate and virtualize all compute resources distributed in multiple data centers into a one seamless pool that can be dynamically and elastically allocated to individual mining operations nationally or globally to run different applications with on-demand compute resources. As a mine goes through the typical cycle of exploration, assessment and approval, construction, operation and closure, in the midst of unpredictable economic cycles , many applications including geological modeling, a geographical information system (GIS), enterprise and supply chain planning, global economic modeling, as well as dispatch and operations, are essential tools. A cloud-based approach with applications centralized in data centers is an efficient compute model for mining companies to help match the production with the demand in accordance with the boom-bust cycle.

These investments in mining equipment automation, broadband mobility and data center virtualization can improve business and operations efficiency as well as safety and security.


Disparate networks hamper growth and efficiencyLegacy mining networks were born in an era where a new network was built as part of the deployment of a new application (Figure 1). This model was acceptable when communications technology was primarily limited to time division multiplexing (TDM)-based technology. However, TDM, with its limited interface speed and bandwidth allocation rigidity, is ill-suited to support the new bandwidth-intensive but bursty applications being deployed. Hence network transformation has become necessary.

Figure 1. Network convergence concept

From: Disparate single-service networks To: Converged service network

Transformation

Nokia’s network transformation visionThese innovative technologies require high-bandwidth network connectivity that is agile, resilient, secure and QoS-enabled from end to end among open pit areas, pit-to-port transport infrastructure, loading terminals, operating centers and data centers.

Nokia’s network transformation vision comprises three major pillars:

• Modernizing the WAN from end to end

• Evolving to broadband radio communications

• Revamping the data center network

Figure 2 depicts a network transformation blueprint that prepares mining companies for future technology evolution and equips mining operations for


up-to-the second mine situations. It encompasses a service-aware, converged IP/MPLS WAN, a software defined network (SDN)-powered data center and full broadband radio communications in pit areas and along pit-to-port transport infrastructure.

Figure 2. Mining network transformation blueprint

3. DC network revamp1. WAN modernization

IP/MPLS

Microwave Optics

2. Broadband radioevolution

Aggregation

Opticalswitch

Pit-to-porttransport

LTEeNodeB

Signalingstation

SCADA FEPPort/loading

terminal

Public Internet

Cloud-basedcompute and

storage

DCgatewaySDN LAN

EPC PBX

PMR

Openpit

Industrial/processing

areas

Mines area

Operationcenters

Data centers

Accommodationvillage

Executing a successful network transformation requires a strong product portfolio encompassing IP/MPLS routers, optics, microwave equipment, and an SDN-based data center network. Nokia has an innovative and state-of-the-art product portfolio that has been deployed globally in many mission-critical networks (Figure 3).


Figure 3. Nokia mining network transformation product portfolio

Enterprise SDN

WANmanagement

4G/LTE

IP/MPLSWAN

Optics Microwave

SDN WAN

VSAPVRS

7950 Extensible Routing Systems

Virtualized Services Platform

Network Services Platform

7705 Service Aggregation Routers

7210 Service Access Switches7750 Service Routers

1830 Photonic Service Switch 9500 Microwave Packet Radio

Serviceportal

VSCVSDVSP

5620Service Aware Manager

VMG VMM

VSRXRS-16c

SAR-Wx

SAS-R6

SAS-XSR-c4

PSS-4PSS-8 7705 SAR MWAMSS-0/1/4/8MPTPSS-16PSS-32PSS-36PSS-64SWDM

SR-c12SR-a4SR-a8SR-7SR-12SR-16e SAS-MSAS-T

SAS-ESAS-DSAS-K

SAR-Hc

SAR-M

SAR-18

SAR-A

SAR-F

SAR-8

SAR-W

5780 DSC(PCRF)

9471 WMM(MME/SGSN)

7750SR MG

9412, 9711/9712, 9926

eNode B

SAR-H

XRS-20XRS-40

Network modernization with an IP/MPLS networkNokia’s IP/MPLS network solution is not just a plain IP/MPLS network. It is a service-aware converged IP/MPLS network, fully integrated with transport technology.1 It is an integral component of mining companies’ efforts to modernize their networks.

While a converged network architecture achieves savings and increases efficiencies, there are always concerns that legacy applications cannot continue to be supported, that performance and reliability will degrade and that network visibility and control will be lost. To ensure performance, it is imperative that the network architecture exhibit the following crucial attributes:

1. Flexible multiservice VPNVirtual private network (VPN) service capability is a necessary tool to carry many different applications’ data with completely separate forwarding tables

1 For more discussion on attributes of a converged IP/MPLS network, please read the white paper entitled “MPLS for Mission-Critical Networks” (http://resources.alcatel-lucent.com/asset/172097).

http://resources.alcatel-lucent.com/asset/172097


for IP, Ethernet and cross-connect for each VPN, thus enabling complete segregation among them. This requires a wide VPN portfolio capable of supporting layer 1, layer 2 and layer 3 VPNs, either in point-to-point or multipoint configuration. Techniques like IP route leaking can be utilized in conjunction with a stateful firewall to allow collaborative inter-VPN communications. Table 1 encapsulates typical operational and IT applications used in mines and indicates how to leverage VPN flexibility to provide required connectivity.

Table 1. Multiservice VPN supporting mining applications

APPLICATION SERVICE TYPE REMARK

LTE backhaul IP VPN or hierarchical IP VPN Requires per-forwarding-class traffic to support corresponding QoS for each mobile application (e.g. autonomous fleet management, CCTV)

Land Mobile Radio backhaul Point-to-point VLL Hub-and-spoke communication

Corporate telephony IP VPN or hierarchical IP VPN Voice and video call

Corporate intranet VPLS Best-effort service

Living quarters Internet access

IP VPN or hierarchical IP VPN Best-effort service

Security alarm Dry contact port to SNMP alarm

Translate dry contacts status to SNMP alarms

As multiple services are put on the same port in the same node, advanced service-aware hierarchical QoS (H-QoS) is important to allocate sufficient bandwidth resources with the right priority to avoid performance compromise.

2. QoS managementIn such a converged network carrying numerous applications, service awareness is crucial for application performance assurance. As application traffic enters the network edge, the edge router can treat each application’s traffic with an individually tailored QoS policy that includes its own set of traffic queues and traffic rate to ensure no application can send beyond the agreed rate, impacting the rest (Figure 4). H-QoS further renders flexibility to each service to consume its assigned bandwidth without affecting the others.


Figure 4. Service-aware QoS ensures service-based bandwidth resource partition

3. Full integration with transport technologyWhether it is an environmentally controlled office or a remote outpost, the network needs to reach all sites for different departments. Whether it is for in-pit or pit-to-port communications, operators need flexible transport technology. Modern IP/MPLS routers now have natively integrated transport technologies such as packet microwave, coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). Instead of the traditional model of deploying separate nodes, a converged IP/MPLS router (Figure 5) can consolidate the transport layer to greatly simplify network design and operation as well as installation complexity and footprint.

Figure 5. An IP/MPLS router integrated with transport technology

4. Enhanced resiliency and survivabilityAn IP/MPLS converged network attains high resiliency by design at various protocol layers. Nodal control and switching complex, with hitless 1+1 protection encompassing non-stop routing, signaling and services, can be

CIR = Committed Information RatePIR = Peak Information Rate

Port

LTE signaling

Real-time applications

Non-real-time applications

Signaling

Bearer

LTEbackhaul30 Mb/s

Corporatetelephony1.1 Mb/s

CIR = 300 kb/sPIR = 300 kb/s

CIR = 5 Mb/sPIR = 5 Mb/s

CIR = 24.7 Mb/sPIR = 30 Mb/s



CCTV

CCTV control

CCTVSLA = 12 Mb/s

Wi-Fi Internet/intranet Corporate ITSLA = 30 Mb/s




Microwave

Optical/WDM

MPLS router


provisioned in a large terabit router as well as a compact 2 RU platform. A well-proven resiliency mechanism such as MPLS fast re-route, label-switched path (LSP) make-before-break, equal cost multi-path (ECMP) and pseudowire redundancy, Ethernet link aggregation group (LAG) and SDH/SONET and microwave link’s hitless 1+1 play complementary roles together to form a highly resilient network.

With rapid adoption of autonomous mining systems, it is crucial that the operating center continuously monitor the systems to ensure safety. Any breakdown will result in activity stoppage that could cause significant economic loss. Therefore the end-to-end network, from mining pit to the WAN, requires strong network robustness that can withstand multi-fault failure. It is notable that not all new packet technology, such as Carrier Ethernet, can offer such an extra level of resiliency.2

5. High scalability for future growthTo meet future application needs, the network must scale in capacity, control plane and link bandwidth. An IP/MPLS router family ranging from a terabit core router supporting a 400 Gb/s slot in a central office setting to a multi-gigabit, hardened outdoor router allows operators to select a cost-effective choice dimensioned for projected traffic growth.

Effectively utilizing fiber or microwave transport assets requires advanced techniques such as optical CWDM and DWDM, industry-first 200 Gb/s wavelength, high-order microwave modulation (2048 QAM), MPLS-aware compression and cross-polarization interference cancellation (XPIC). All of these enable operators to scale the transport infrastructure.

6. Seamless TDM migrationWhile TDM network equipment and carrier services are being retired, many deployed legacy applications such as emergency communications and SCADA systems are here to stay. To migrate TDM applications onto the network, it is imperative that low-speed interfaces such as E&M, FSX/FSO and serial are supported in order not to disrupt current operations and that the network services can be provisioned with the acceptable range of delay and jitter.3 To ensure a smooth migration process, network operators also need to take into consideration certain engineering guidelines when designing the network.4

7. Strong securityFollowing the ITU-T X.805 security framework, based on the Nokia Bell Labs security model, security considerations need to be given to both the infrastructure layer and services layer. For the infrastructure layer,

2 See “MPLS for mission-critical microwave networks: Building a multi-fault tolerant microwave network” for more de-tailed discussion (http://resources.alcatel-lucent.com/asset/175593)

3 The 7705 SAR product family has a wide portfolio of legacy interface. Please read the 7705 SAR Legacy Interface Adapter Cards datasheet (http://resources.alcatel-lucent.com/asset/174425)

4 For a detailed discussion of TDM migration, please read “Transformation of mission-critical communications networks: Migrating from SDH/SONET networks to IP/MPLS networks” (http://resources.alcatel-lucent.com/asset/145072)




it is necessary to protect management, control and data planes with comprehensive authentication and logging, packet filtering and IP Security (IPSec). For the services layer, features such as service-aware network group encryption (NGE)5, which encrypts at the MPLS layer, stateful firewall and network resource partitioning are pivotal to defend the service integrity.6 Encryption at the optical and microwave layers is also available to protect the data.7

Evolving radio communications to broadband LTESince the first commercial Long Term Evolution (LTE) network deployment in 2010, it has become a prevalent wireless technology for consumers and enterprises. LTE exhibits immense potential as a broadband, non-line of sight (LOS) radio technology for in-pit and pit-to-port applications, complementing today’s PMR and Wi-Fi® radio networks. Dependent on the frequency spectrum, it propagates better than legacy radio technology such as Wi-Fi and proprietary VHF or PMR, particularly in the challenging topography of an open-pit mine. It is well placed to support broadband speed with QoS management to facilitate in-pit real time machine-to-machine communications, high-definition video surveillance and broadband radio access by mine staff from anywhere in the pit. It forms a robust and reliable converged radio access network (RAN) catering to all data applications used in mining areas (Figure 6). With impending support of mission-critical voice, it can be extended to replace existing PMR/LMR radio systems, further consolidating pit communications systems.

Figure 6. A converged LTE radio system

Application

LTE

IP/MPLS

Transport

Microwave Optics

CCTV Voice

Assetmanagement

M2M

5 For more information on NGE, please read “Nokia network group encryption: Seamless encryption for mission-critical networks” (http://resources.alcatel-lucent.com/asset/187584)

6 For a more detailed discussion of security framework, please read “Nokia 7705 Service Aggregation Router: Security overview for mission-critical networks” (http://resources.alcatel-lucent.com/asset/174129)

7 For layer 1 encryption at optics and microwave layer, please read footnote 12 below and “Security for Microwave Links: Risks and Mitigations for Point-to-Point Microwave” (http://resources.alcatel-lucent.com/asset/157676) respectively





A unified cross-layer, cross-domain network managerThe traditional boundary of layer- and domain-specific management has made the tasks of service provisioning, network configuration, performance monitoring, fault correlation and troubleshooting complicated, cumbersome and error-prone. A cross-layer, cross-domain service-aware manager helps operators to attain a unified view at radio, IP/MPLS and transport layer (Figure 7). Together with an easy-to-use GUI, service templates and scripting, scalable collection of network and OAM statistics and powerful cross-layer fault correlation, operators can achieve high efficiency and attain agility to respond to changes in network and applications needs.

Figure 7. Cross-layer, cross-domain unified management

Microwave/opticslayer

MPLS paths

IP routes

LTEdomains

LTEWi-Fi

EPCcore

LTERAN Backhaul

Backhaul

LTERAN

Revamping the data center with SDNFrom SDH/SONET to Frame Relay/ATM to IP/MPLS, the WAN has gone through multiple iterations of technology change in the last 30 years. However, data center networking has not changed much since Ethernet became the de facto enterprise technology. Today, driven by adoption of the cloud computing paradigm, the part of the enterprise network under the most severe strain from ICT technology change is the data center fabric network that connects all servers and the branch gateway connecting a branch location’s internal networks to a converged IP/MPLS network.

SDN-powered data center fabric8

The traditional model of expanding data center compute capacity to cater for developing as well as turning up applications is to add new dedicated bare metal servers, even in a consolidated data center hosting servers for

8 Please read “Unconstrained Datacenter Networks for the Cloud Era” (http://www.nuagenetworks.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/2013-03-28-Nuage-White-Paper_final_r2.pdf)

http://www.nuagenetworks.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/2013-03-28-Nuage-White-Paper_final_r2.pdf


different company operators and departments. While a bare metal server is suitable when dedicated compute resources are dedicated to a single user and application, it is inefficient and insufficient when application workloads are becoming elastic, driven by mining cycles. With server virtualization technology, virtual machines (VMs) can now be created and deleted as business needs changes. It makes compute resources dynamically consumable. New VMs can now be created to serve different users and applications on an as-needed basis, on any servers in any locations that have the required capacity and bandwidth connectivity. In the cloud computing age, VM is an unexpendable technology to manage compute capacity with agility and efficiency.

However, this new paradigm requires an equally agile data center network fabric. Today, while it may take only minutes to instantiate a new VM through a cloud orchestrator, it often takes hours, if not days, to configure the underlay fabric network to provide the necessary connectivity. SDN has emerged as the de facto data center networking solution to unleash the constraints. Through seamless coordination with a cloud orchestrator in the data center, the SDN overlay network can respond to VM creation and movement automatically by reconfiguring itself over the existing underlying network, which is typically an IP or Ethernet network, accordingly. Evolving the data center network to an SDN architecture would remove the existing data center underlay network constraint, automate the required network configuration change, and enable users to share and consume compute resources more dynamically and efficiently without having to replace the underlying network infrastructure. This is particularly attractive to multi-tenant data centers that serve multiple operations teams supporting mines around the world.

An extensible DCI network9

With the data center becoming an integral component of the ICT infrastructure, operators have become acutely aware of the vulnerability of maintaining mission- and business-critical information in a single site. Site diversity, or geo-redundancy, is crucial to their business continuity and disaster recovery strategy. A WDM-based service platform can form a scalable data center interconnect (DCI) optical gateway to extend the Ethernet LAN and storage area network (SAN) connecting compute and servers in multiple data centers (Figure 8).

9 For more detailed discussion of DCI technology and solution, please read: Data Center Interconnect Market Trends and Requirements (http://resources.alcatel-lucent.com/asset/181666) and Data Center Interconnect Solutions for Large Enterprises (http://resources.alcatel-lucent.com/asset/181670)




Figure 8. An optical DCI solution

With the adoption of the cloud computing paradigm, distributed computing in the form of VM can now be placed in any data center where unused compute capacity can be found. A distributed application, typically written with a three-layer architecture (web-GUI, business logic and database), can reside in multiple VMs placed in different centers that can be moved around to scale up or down as well as accommodate server maintenance. As a result of the movement, the DCI network also needs to be re-configured to instantiate new IP connectivity across data centers. An SDN-controlled data center gateway on top of the optical gateway can instantiate IP subnet connectivity across data centers automatically (Figure 9).

Figure 9. An SDN-based DCI solution

Hypervisor Hypervisor

Hypervisor

Multi-protocol BGP4

IP/MPLS network

Branch offices Cloud ServiceManagement

Plane

Data centerControl

Plane

Data centerData Plane

Data center #2

SDNcontroller

Cloudorchestrator




Cloud ServiceManagementPlane

Data centerControlPlane

Data centerData Plane

Data center #1

SDNController

ServicesPolicy Engine


Hypervisor

10, 40, 100 and200 Gb/s WDM links

Backup data center

WDM opticalnetwork

Primary data center

Storage array

EthernetLAN

Server farm/NAS server

LAN

Fiberchannel

SAN

InfiniBandHPC

HPC

LAN

SAN

HPC

Opticalgateway

Opticalgateway


Securing the cloudIn addition to the usual physical security measures — firewall and intrusion detection systems when connected to external networks, with the advent of compute virtualization and the increased volume of inter-data-center traffic, new security measures need to be considered.

Inside the data center, it is crucial to protect inter-VM communications. With the frequent creation, deletion and movement of VMs, applying packet security policies with access control lists manually is prone to errors. The innovative SDN-based approach of preserving security settings with VMs closes this vulnerability.10

Once the data leaves the secure perimeter of the data center, they become vulnerable. A knowledgeable intruder can now easily purchase the necessary components to eavesdrop on an optical fiber. To prevent data from being stolen, it is necessary to encrypt the data. The encryption scheme must support multiprotocols including IP, Ethernet, Fibre Channel and InfiniBand, with negligible added latency not to exceed the budgeted synchronous data replication round trip delay. Moreover, operators can also proactively stop any fiber eavesdropping activity by using optical intrusion detection (OID) mechanisms to locate security breaches.11

ConclusionMining companies today are at a critical tipping point. As they strive to meet today’s production requirements, attain eco-sustainability and deliver improved shareholder value, they need to re-imagine their mining paradigms, and explore and embrace new innovations and technologies. Integral to the new paradigms is a revamped and transformed network infrastructure, connecting pits, ports, operating and data centers and offices seamlessly and unfailingly, delivering information when and where needed.

A successful execution of network transformation rests not only on technology. With a broad and deep product portfolio that spans from IP/MPLS to microwave and optical transmission to SDN to LTE, complemented by full suite of professional services including audit, design and engineering practices12, Nokia has the unique capability and flexibility to help mining companies plan and transform their networks for 2020 and beyond.

10 For more discussion on this topic, please read “Network Security – Use Case Brief” (http://resources.alcatel-lucent.com/asset/184234)

11 Please read the whitepaper entitled “Data Center Connect Security” for a detailed discussion of this topic: (http://re-sources.alcatel-lucent.com/asset/159767)

12 Please visit https://www.alcatel-lucent.com/services/professional-services to learn more about professional services





https://www.alcatel-lucent.com/services/professional-services


Acronyms1830 PSS Nokia 1830 Photonic Service Switch

5620 SAM Nokia 5620 Service Aware Manager

5780 DSC Nokia 5780 Dynamic Services Controller

7210 SAS Nokia 7210 Service Access Switch

7450 ESS Nokia 7450 Ethernet Service Switch

7705 SAR Nokia 7705 Service Aggregation Router

7750 SR Nokia 7750 Service Router

7950 XRS Nokia 7950 Extensible Routing System

9412 Nokia 9412 eNodeB Compact e-NodeB

9471 WMM Nokia 9471 Wireless Mobility Manager

9500 MPR Nokia 9500 Microwave Packet Radio

9711 Nokia lightRadio™ 9711 Indoor Base Stations

9712 Nokia lightRadio™ 9712 Outdoor Base Stations

9926 Nokia 9926 eNodeB

ACL access control list

ADS autonomous drilling system

AHS autonomous haulage system

ATM asynchronous transfer mode

BGP Border Gateway Protocol

CCTV closed circuit television

CES circuit emulation service

CIR Committed Information Rate

CWDM coarse wavelength division multiplexing

DCI data center interonnect

DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DWDM dense wavelength division multiplexing

E&M earth and magneto, also known as ear and mouth

ECMP equal-cost multipath


eNodeB Evolved Node B

FSO foreign exchange office

FSX foreign exchange subscriber

GIS geographical information system

GPS Global Positioning System

H-QoS hierarchical QoS

IPSec IP Security

LAG link aggregation group

LMR land mobile radio

LOS line of sight

LSP label-switched path

LTE Long Term Evolution

M2M machine-to-machine

MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching

NGE network group encryption

OAM operation, administration and maintenance

OID optical intrusion detection

PMR private mobile radio

QAM quadrature amplitude modulation

QoS quality of service

RAN radio access network

SAN storage area network

SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition

SDH synchronous digital hierarchy

SDN software-defined network

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

SONET synchronous optical network

TDM time division multiplexing

VLL virtual leased line

VM virtual machine


VPLS virtual private LAN service

VPN virtual private network

XPIC cross-polarization interference cancellation

References1. Nokia 1830 Photonic Service Switch.

http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/products/1830-photonic-service-switch2. Nokia 5620 Service Aware Manager.

http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/products/5620-service-aware-manager3. Nokia 7210 Service Access Switch.

http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/products/7210-service-access-switch4. Nokia 7450 Ethernet Service Switch.

http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/products/7450-ethernet-service-switch5. Nokia 7705 Service Aggregation Router.

http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/products/7705-service-aggregation-router6. Nokia 7750 Service Router.

http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/products/7750-service-router7. Nokia 9500 Microwave Packet Radio.

http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/products/9500-microwave-packet-radio8. Nokia Nuage Networks Virtualized Services Platform.

https://www.alcatel-lucent.com/products/nuage-networks-virtualized-services-platform

9. International Engineering Task Force. RFC 4090: Fast Reroute Extensions to RSVP-TE for LSP Tunnels. May 2005. http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4090.txt

10. International Engineering Task Force. RFC 4364: BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). February 2006. http://tools.ietf.org/search/rfc4364

11. International Engineering Task Force. RFC 4553: Structure-Agnostic TDM over Packet (SAToP). June 2006. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4553

12. International Engineering Task Force. RFC 5086: Structure-Aware Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) Circuit Emulation Service over Packet Switched Network (CESoPSN). December 2007. http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5086.txt

13. International Engineering Task Force. RFC 6718: Pseudowire Redundancy. August 2012. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6718

http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/products/1830-photonic-service-switch

http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/products/5620-service-aware-manager

http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/products/7210-service-access-switch

http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/products/7450-ethernet-service-switch

http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/products/7705-service-aggregation-router

http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/products/7750-service-router

http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/products/9500-microwave-packet-radio



http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4090.txt

http://tools.ietf.org/search/rfc4364

http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4553

http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5086.txt

http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6718


Nokia is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be trademarks or trade names of their respective owners.

Nokia Oyj Karaportti 3 FI-02610 Espoo Finland Tel. +358 (0) 10 44 88 000

Product code: PR1507012945EN

© Nokia 2016 nokia.com

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