Rays of Faith Set 3 - WordPress.com...of love of Allah [swt] and trust/belief that Allah knows best. The History of Innovation in Al.Qadar Allah is always just and fair, but many opinions

Rays of Faith :: Q. Ruhma 1

Rays of Faith Doctrines of Faith III

Taught by Sh. Waleed Basyouni

Brought to you by your Q. Ruhma Academic Team

Notes Set Three

Chapter 5 :: Belief in Al.Qadar Chapter 6 :: Belief in the Day of Judgment

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The Rays of Faith :: Q. Ruhma 2

Rays of Faith Aqueedah 103 :: Doctrines of Faith III

Taught by Sh. Waleed Basyouni

Chapter Five Belief in Al.Qadar

Belief in al.qadar is one of the pillars of iman. A person is not a believer without this pillar.

Indeed, all things We created with predestination. [Qamar: 49]

Hadeeth of Jabir: 'No slave of Allah will truly believe until he believes in al.Qadar its good and bad from Allah, until he knows that what has befallen him was not going to miss him and that what missed him was not going to

befallen him.' [Tirmidhi] What is al.Qada’ wal.Qadar? Linguistic definitions: Al.Qadar linguistically is taken from the root work ‘qadara’ which means knew, predetermined, and perfectly planned. It is Allah having complete knowledge of that which will happen in the safe tablet. Hadeeth: Allah created the pen and after he told the pen to write everything that would happen in the universe, this writing happened 50,000 years before the creation of the universe. Al.Qada’ comes from the word ‘qada’ which means judged, ordained, and executed perfectly Technical definitions: Al.Qadar is Allah’s complete knowledge, writing in the safe tablet, and willing of all things before their existence. Al.Qada’ is Allah’s creation of all things by His command and His will. The ‘ulema use the two terms interchangeably [al.Qada’ = al.Qadar]. This is because they both have similar meanings when used separately, but when used together, each gives more detail. The context helps to understand: al.Qadar = prior to the action; al.Qada’ = execution of the plan.

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Should we study Al.Qadar?

RasulAllah [saws] said: “If the [subject of] Qadar is brought up, then withhold [from speaking about it].” [At.Tabaranee]

This seems to imply that we should not talk about al.Qadar, but when examining the context of the hadith it shows otherwise.

o The hadith is part of a longer hadith where he [saws] said: If the [subject of] the sahabah is brought up, then withhold [from speaking about it]. If the [subject of] Qadar is brought up, then withhold [from speaking about it]. If the [subject of] the stars is brought up, then withhold [from speaking about it].”

o The other two subjects are permissible to discuss, but not without specific etiquette and knowledge [i.e. respecting the sahabah and avoiding reading into stars as fortune and other ignorant actions.]

o This means don’t challenge and question or raise doubt of what Allah [swt] has done. You can seek the wisdom as long as you base it on a background of love of Allah [swt] and trust/belief that Allah knows best.

The History of Innovation in Al.Qadar Allah is always just and fair, but many opinions have developed over history over how Qadar fits into this justness and fairness. Essentially, the question is around how true justice is attained if Allah plans that someone will do something and then punishes/rewards them for it. Views on Al.Qadar

1. Al.Jabriah: said that Allah [swt] makes all decisions for us and forces us to it. ! Some even say that even those things that are evil actions are good

because they were willed and forced upon us by Allah. For example, they say that when Musa [as] told Firawn that he was wrong in his actions, that Musa [as] was actually wrong because what Firawn was doing was only following Allah’s qadar for him. Others even used this to accept actions like zina [fornication] and other great sins by saying it was the will of Allah that they occurred.

! This is incorrect and makes no sense practically because it almost takes away the need for litigation and punishment. It assumes that everything is ok if it occurs, because Allah willed it.

! On the matter of how Allah’s punishment can come to someone that is forced into a situation they say:

o That we are forced to it and punished for it and that is just because Allah owns us and He does with us what He [swt] pleases.

o That we are forced to it, but have some choice, although it is not real choice [illusion of free will] called kasb.

2. Al.Qadariyah: they say that Allah knows what will occur after it occurs, not before. The difference between our knowledge and that of Allah’s is only the scope. They say, He [swt] knows everything that has happened and we only

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know of what has happened to us or has happened to others we have encountered or heard of.

! This idea became popular after an incident in the Umayid time where a canon destroyed the Kabbah. People were so shocked that this was allowed to occur by Allah that they began to take the Qadariyah opinion.

3. Al.Mu’tazila: This Qadariyah opinion was not well accepted by the people so the government [leader al.Ma’moon] of the time modified the idea as follows and forced it on people:

! They said that 1) Allah knows general ideas, but not specifics [Note: REFUTED by VERSE 6:59 which describes the detailed and absolute knowledge of Allah]. 2) That Allah knows it will happen but does not order it or force it, because then He would be responsible for people’s actions and could not therefore punish them.

4. Ahl Sunnah wal Jamaah [correct opinion]: is that both previous extremes have parts of the evidences, but the evidences for both must be brought together to form the real and comprehensive truth of the matter.

And with Him are the keys of the unseen; none knows them except Him. And He knows what is on the land and in the sea. Not a leaf falls but that He knows it. And no grain is there within the darknesses of the earth and

no moist or dry [thing] but that it is [written] in a clear record. [An’am: 59]

The Pillars of Al.Qadar Al.Qadar is based on five pillars. What does this mean? Anything Allah [swt] created or made happen in this earth or in the heavens MUST go through these five stages and cannot skip any of these stages.

1) Al.‘Ilm: Allah’s Knowledge ! Allah knows the details of the past, present and future [verses 8:75,

6:59, 65:12]. Not only that, He [swt] even knows about what would have happened if things that did/will NOT happen, had happened [examples in verses 6:27-28, 9:46-47].

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It is Allah who has created seven heavens and of the earth, the like of them. [His] command descends among them so you may know that Allah is over all things competent and that Allah has encompassed all things in

knowledge. [Talaq: 12]

! Understanding Allah’s great and vast knowledge and wisdom helps us be content with what does and does not happen to us, because we know that Allah knows and that He also knows the ramifications of those things that did not happened.

! This is the most important pillar of qadar.

2) Al.Kitabah: The Writing ! Allah has written everything [verses 22:70, 85:21-22] that has and will

occur 50,000 years before the creation of the heavens and the earth. ! RasulAllah [saws] explained that “Allah had written the ordained

measures [and due proportions] of the creation, fifty thousand years before the creation of the heavens and the earth and His arsh [throne] was on water.” [Muslim]

! The question may arise: Why should it be written? This shows the power and majesty of Allah in that everything will occur exactly as scripted.

3) Allah’s Mashee’ah: The Will of Allah

! Anything that is allowed to happen occurs by the will of Allah [swt]. ! That which will occur, will not occur except by the will of Allah.

And you do not will except that Allah wills - Lord of the worlds. [Takwir: 29]

! However, Allah will not hold us accountable for things we did without our will, like things that occur while we are sleep.

! There is a difference between what Allah loves and what He wills. He may will something that He [swt] did not love [ex. rasulAllah [saws] being

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abused in al.Ta’if] and He [swt] might love something that He did not will [example: all humans/jinn becoming Muslim].

4) Al.Amr: The Command

! Allah orders for something to be and it will be.

His command is only when He intends a thing that He says to it, "Be," and

it is. [YaSin: 82]

5) Al.Khalq: The Creation ! Everything is created by Allah [swt].

Allah is the Creator of all things, and He is, over all things, Disposer of affairs. [Zumar: 62]

Allah is the Creator of ALL Things All creation can be broken to two categories:

1) Good o Al.Khayr: good things that happen [ex. happy marriage, good income,

etc.] o Al.Hasanah: good things that you do and get rewarded for [ex. prayer

and other good deeds] 2) Bad

o Ash.Sharr: bad things that happen to people [ex. bad investment, etc.] o As.Sayyi’ah: get bad deeds for doing them [ex. dealing in interest and

riba'] It is agreed and undisputable that all good is attributed to Allah [swt] and these good things are often explicitly related to Allah in the Qur’an [see surat al.Kahf/the story of al.Khidr 18:81]. But can the bad be attributed to Allah? There is a disagreement, but the belief of ahl sunnah is: ! Can’t generalize evil to Allah; not as a name, action or quality • General statement is to affirm Allah as the creator of all things • Evil is mentioned in the Qur’an as implicitly coming from Allah, either by:

o Allah indirectly relating it to Himself in a passive voice [verses 26:80, 70:10, 72:10]

o Allah dissociating Himself from specific actions [He willed it, but not loving it]

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From the evil of that which He created. [Falaq: 2]

o Implication that He willed it through the actions of man o Refers to the thing on which evil befell [ex. 114:1-6; attributing evil to

humans on which it befalls] There are 5 logical possibilities for the existence of good and bad, but Allah’s creations only fall into two of these categories, as follows: ! Allah’s creations:

o 100% good o More good than bad

! Logically possible, but consensus among scholars is that Allah NEVER created or

allowed anything in these categories: o Good and bad in equal quantities o More bad than good o 100% bad

Note: even the Shaytaan was NOT originally created as evil. Why can’t we attribute the creation of evil [calamities and sin] to Allah? ! Most evil is directly linked to human action [consequence of their sins and evil acts]

o Human evil results in more evil and human goodness results in more goodness

! For example Allah will rewards people with 7 years of no evil for the good that they do after ‘Isa [as] defeats the false messiah

! There is no absolute evil ! There is no inherent evil ... all evil is advantageous. Even Shaytaan himself was not

created evil What is the wisdom behind the existence of calamities and sinfulness in relation to the Creator? ! Shows complete power [in creating opposites – good/evil] ! Completeness of names and attributes [al.Ghafoor = oft forgiving; would not be

understood without sin] o Note: Allah’s names and attributes existed before us [humanity]

! Completeness of his wisdom. Shows us that even evil can lead to goodness and acts of worship

Sh. Waleed shared a story about Allah’s absolute wisdom and how we don’t always understand His decree on us:

There was once a king who had a trusted advisor who was known to always say, “alhamdulillah [praise and thanks to Allah]” for good and bad that befell

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him. Once, during a hunting trip, the king cut off a piece of his finger while slicing an apple and the advisor said “alhamdulillah”. The king became angry

because the advisor was being thankful for such a tragedy that would now prevent him from archery and hunting so he imprisoned the advisor, who

responded “alhamdulillah”. During the trip the king and his horse [a well bred, beautiful horse] got separated from the hunting group. They happened across a group of people who, pleased by the apparent stature of the man and his horse, captured the king as a tribute to the god they worshipped. As they laid the king

down to sacrifice him for the god, they realized that he was missing the tip if his finger and therefore would have been an incomplete sacrifice. They considered this a bad omen and let the king free. The king rushed to his

imprisoned, trusted advisor to tell him the story and how Allah had indeed had a greater plan for him and his missing finger. He knew that since the advisor

had thanked Allah when he was sent to jail, an equal blessing must have happened to the advisor too. So the king eagerly asked what good had happened

to him in jail. The advisor responded, “Nothing, but if I had not been imprisoned I would have been with you when you and your horse strayed from

the trail and I would have been captured by the same tribe that you were. When your captures realized that you were lacking due to your missing finger, they would have surely turned to me as a sacrifice.” (Some ‘ulema mention this

story in the tafsir of surat al.Fatiha).

So, alhamdulillah for everything. Alhamdulillah! Benefits of Evil to Mankind in Relation to the Creation

! Test and trial o Trials allow us to strengthen our iman and become more resistant and

therefore more valuable like diamonds. o Our real values become apparent in the time of test and tribulation.

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Allah would not leave the believers in that [state] you are in [presently] until He separates the evil from the good. Nor would Allah reveal to you

the unseen. But [instead], Allah chooses of His messengers whom He wills, so believe in Allah and His messengers. And if you believe and fear Him,

then for you is a great reward. [Al.Imran: 179]

! Tarbiyyah and Ta’deeb [teaching/growth and increasing in discipline] o For example in the battle of Uhud the Muslims lost due to their direct

disobedience to the rasulAllah [saws]. This taught them that they must obey Allah and His messenger to attain success in this life and the next.

o Also, in the battle of Hunayn the Muslims were overconfident due to their numbers and Allah showed them that success was only through reliance on Him not reliance on numbers or arrogance over their perceived strength.

Allah has already given you victory in many regions and [even] on the day of Hunayn, when your great number pleased you, but it did not avail you at all, and the earth was confining for you with its vastness; then you

turned back, fleeing. [Tawbah: 25]

! Prayer and Turning to Allah o It is a call to humanity to repent.

And we will surely let them taste the nearer punishment short of the greater punishment that perhaps they will repent. [Sajdah: 21]

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o Sometimes after committing sin a person will repent and return to Allah in a way that enters him/her into an even higher level of iman and jennah than before the sin.

! Contemplation

o On others’ calamities to learn a lesson from them.

And We have already destroyed what surrounds you of [those] cities, and We have diversified the signs [or verses] that perhaps they might return

[from disbelief]. [Ahqaf: 27]

! Hastened Punishment o But this is only one reason for evil that occurs, not all bad things are

punishment. o Note: the first thing that you should worry about when you commit a sin

is that Allah wasn’t happy with you and allowed you to become weak and commit the sin.

Paradise is not [obtained] by your wishful thinking nor by that of the People of the Scripture. Whoever does a wrong will be recompensed for it, and he will not find besides Allah a protector or a helper. [Nisa': 123]

! Raising Level and Atonement

o For any good a person was going to do, but calamity prevented him from it, he will still get rewarded.

! Related note: one of the benefits of not taking people off life support is that they continue to get rewarded for the actions they used to do or intended to do as long as they lived.

o Promise to be recompensed with good in the dunya and greatly rewarded in the akhira.

o A reason why sinfulness is allowed to happen for the kufar is to increase their humiliation in this life.

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! To Make a Person Stronger o Example of codfish. Originally when the codfish was shipped alone its

meat was soft and not as edible, but when companies started transporting it with its natural predator, the catfish, in the same tanks its meat toughened and was good for eating again. The stress of the codfish constantly keeping away from its predator strengthened it. Likewise, the trials of a Muslim should strengthen them and their iman.

How to know what kind to test it is? Early scholars would consider their sins when they were stricken with calamity. We should always review our deeds and be aware so as to constantly be in a state of asking for forgiveness from Allah.

Iman ash.Shaf’ee wrote a poem about a situation in which his memorization was impeded due to a sin he committed. “I complained to Wakee’ [his teacher]

about my poor memory, so he advised me to leave off sinning, and informed me that knowledge is a light, and that the light of Allah is not bestowed upon a

sinner.” Allah’s Will and Wisdom Are the Reason Behind All of His Actions His will and wisdom are based on His Knowledge, which is absolute.

! In the Qur’an Allah mentions his knowledge and wisdom together. o Can we understand the wisdom behind everything that Allah wills or does

not will? No, because our knowledge is limited and His knowledge is absolute and not limited in any way.

And you do not will except that Allah wills. Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing

and Wise. [‘Insan: 30] Tawakul in Allah While Taking the Means [al.Akhth bi Alasbaab] Tawakul is to depend and rely on Allah Al.Akhth bi Alasbaab is taking the necessary precautions

! Allah commands us to rely on him alone

And rely upon Allah ; and sufficient is Allah as Disposer of affairs. [Ahzab: 3]

! Our actions can be by choice or no choice. Tawakul is mainly over the things

you do have a choice in.

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! Matters that you have a choice in should be based on two pillars: tawakul and al.Akhth bi Alasbaab [defined above].

! Tawakul is made as part of iman in the Qur’an. It is an action of the heart.

Said two men from those who feared [to disobey] upon whom Allah had bestowed favor, "Enter upon them through the gate, for when you have

entered it, you will be predominant. And upon Allah rely, if you should be believers." [Ma’idah: 23]

! Why is there no direct command for al.Akhth bi Alasbaab alone?

o Because precautions won’t do anything or be blessed without trust in Allah. Also, taking precautions is natural.

Why is tawakul the greatest act of worship? At.tawakul includes knowledge of the heart and actions of the heart. The knowledge component is directly proportional to one’s knowledge and certainty of Allah. The act of tawakul is in the heart’s tranquility and contentment.

o You must know Allah to trust Him and rely on Him. o Those with Tawakul are very calm at the time of calamity due to their trust in

Allah, His Knowledge, Wisdom and Power. Al.Akhth bi Alasbaab is striving to achieve the physical means. It is doing what it takes to make things happen and removing the hindrances that prevent them from taking place.

o Means have actual effects, not imaginary. Additional notes:

! We still have to choose and make decisions, but we ask Allah to guide us to the right and avoid us the wrong and to bless our path and choice. The best way to do this is through Istikhara.

! We should be patient with the consequences of our actions and should be content with and accepting of what comes from Allah. This should also give you the will to move forward in your life.

Free Will We have free will, but our will [and its implementation] is limited by the will and knowledge of Allah [swt]

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! Allah created us and our actions, but he did not do our actions for us. Therefore you will be responsible for your actions.

o Example: If someone uses a gun to harm another person, the manufacturer of the gun is not responsible, the person who actually shot it is [and Allah is the greatest example].

! All of our actions that involve no choice are attributed to Allah [swt] directly and

completely. As for matters of choice, Allah is the source of our actions, but we are the ones performing the actions.

And you do not will except that Allah wills. Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing and Wise. [‘Insan: 30]

At.Tawfeeq [guidance] and Al.Khudhlan [left alone or allowed to go astray]

! In various ayat and ahadeeth we are taught that Allah guides and allows to succeed whom he wills and leaves whom he wills.

o RasulAllah’s uncle Abu Talib died without accepting Islam despite the Prophet’s prayers. On the other hand, despite the Prophet’s prayers that Allah punish a certain group of people in Quraish that had severely hurt the Muslims, Allah guided them.

! Allah guides those who are sincere to him and make strides towards pleasing

him.

If Allah should aid you, no one can overcome you; but if He should forsake you, who is there that can aid you after Him? And upon Allah let the

believers rely. [Al.Imran: 160]

Abu Hurayra said that rasulAllah [saws] said, "Allah Almighty said, “... My slave does not draw near to Me with anything I love more than what I have made obligatory on him. And my slave continues to draw near to Me with

superogatory actions until I love him. When I love him, I become his hearing with which he hears, his seeing with which he sees, his hand with which he

strikes, and his foot with which he walks. If he were to ask Me for something, I would give it to him. If he were to ask Me for refuge, I would give him refuge.'"

[Bukhari]

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In another hadeeth:

Anas reported from the Prophet [saws] in what he reported from his Lord, the Mighty and Majestic. He said, "When the slave comes towards Me a hand span, I go an arm length towards him. When he comes towards Me an arm length, I go a fathom towards him. When he comes towards Me walking, I go towards

him running." [Bukhari] Hidayah can be worldly or religious

! Worldly guidance: guidance given to everyone [humans, Muslim and non Muslim, animals, etc]; like general knowledge, knowing directions during a journey, etc.

! Religious guidance: two types o Hidayat al.Bayan or Irshad: having religious guidance, education,

explanation, information o Hidayat at.Tawfeeq: to be granted religious favor, assistance and success

[i.e. to act upon your guidance]

o The verse: “Guide us to the straight path,” includes a dua’ for both Irshad [guidance to] and Tawfeeq [being granted success in following] of the straight path

Guide us to the straight path - [Fatiha: 6]

Oh Allah, guide us to the straight path and grant us success in this life and the next. Amiin.

Can Qadar Be Changed?

! Many ayat and ahadeeth suggest that qadar can be changed, especially with regards to the lifespan of an individual. o Some ahadeeth also suggest that those who are good to parents and

neighbors will have an increased life span.

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For each one are successive [angels] before and behind him who protect

him by the decree of Allah . Indeed, Allah will not change the condition of a people until they change what is in themselves. And when Allah intends for a people ill, there is no repelling it. And there is not for them besides

Him any patron. [R’ad: 11]

Allah [swt] also said,

And Allah created you from dust, then from a sperm-drop; then He made you mates. And no female conceives nor does she give birth except with His

knowledge. And no aged person is granted [additional] life nor is his lifespan lessened but that it is in a register. Indeed, that for Allah is easy.

[Fatir: 11] ! Scholars disagree as to what these verses and hadiths mean. Opinions include:

1. Allah will not change the actual lifespan of a person, but will increase or decrease in the blessedness of a person’s years.

2. Metaphorically speaking a person will be increased or decreased in years on earth, by how long they are remembered after they die. This is the opinion of a few scholars.

3. Not metaphorical. Allah will actually increase or decrease the years a person lives.

4. That any of the above could occur based on Allah’s decree for that specific situation. This is the strongest opinion.

! Ibn Abbas says that the changes will be in the scrolls of the angels that are written

periodically throughout a person’s lifespan, but not in the Safe Tablet [al.Lawh al.Mahfooth]. The Safe Tablet/Mother of the Book [al.Lawh al.Mahfooth/Umm al.Kitab] have the changes and the conditions for the changes present in it from day one.

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Allah eliminates what He wills or confirms, and with Him is the Mother of the Book. [R’ad: 39]

! Dua’ is important for invoking Allah to bless our lives and what he has ordained for

us " Therefore, changes in Qadar occur based on the Qadar of Allah # Religion and Predestination DO NOT Contradict Creation [khalq] is not the same as command [amr]. Al.Qadar is not equivalent to Ash.Shara’a [legislation], and Mashee’ah [will] is not equal to Mahabah [love].

Indeed, your Lord is Allah , who created the heavens and earth in six days and then established Himself above the Throne. He covers the night with

the day, [another night] chasing it rapidly; and [He created] the sun, the moon, and the stars, subjected by His command. Unquestionably, His is the

creation and the command; blessed is Allah , Lord of the worlds. [Al.’Araf: 54]

There are 4 possible combinations regarding will and love:

1. Allah loved it and willed it [ex. sending of rasulAllah [saws]] 2. Allah loved it, but didn’t will it [ex. everyone on earth becoming Muslim] 3. Allah did not love it, but willed it [ex. death of innocent people in battle or loss

of Battle of Uhud] 4. Allah did not love it and did not will it [ex. all people being disbelievers]

Different groups have differed on how Allah’s will relates to his mahabah [love]. They are listed in our workbook on page 34. Correct opinion: Ahl Sunnah says that al.Qadar and ash.Shara’a are different, but not everything that Allah wills He loves. Allah’s will can be Shar’ee [legislative], Deenee [religious: things He loves], or Kawneed/Qadaree [not related to love or dislike]. Qadar CANNOT be used as a justification for sin. ! But does that contradict with the hadith mentioning a discussion between Adam

[as] and Musa [as] where Musa [as] blames Adam [as] for sending people to earth.

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Adam [as] replied, “how can you blame me for something Allah ordained for me 50,000 years before I was created?”

o No it does not, because Adam was referring to the result of his sin, not the sin itself.

! However, you can use qadar when discussing actions that you have repented

from fully. For example if someone blames a person for doing inappropriate actions in their teen years, but they have repented and do not do those things anymore, they might respond, “that was the qadar of Allah that I would make those mistakes, but Alhamdulillah I have repented and they are no longer part of my life.”

Belief in Al.Qadar is Part of All Three Components of Tawheed

! Tawheed Ar.Ruboobiyah: believing that Allah is one and unique in His lordship because He is the creator of everything

! Tawheed Al.Ilahiyah: believing that Allah is one and unique in his right to be worshipped because it is an act of worship to accept Allah’s qadar

! Al.Asmaa wal Sifaat: believing that Allah is one and unique in His names and attributes because to believe in His pre.destiny you need to know who He [swt] is

o Specific attributes of Allah related to al.Qadar: knowledge, wisdom, justice, speaking, writing, creator, will.

Benefits of Belief in Al.Qadar ! Peace of mind ! Your concern is not so much with past or future. Mainly concerned with present

actions o Act on your day because it is what is real and factual. You can’t change your

past nor guarantee your future. ! It gives you the will power and determination to go forward in the way of Allah

o Example after rasulAllah [saws] and his companions lost one of their battles he [saws] called them back, even those who were injured, and had them line up the next day to face the enemy. The enemy thought that the Muslim had received reinforcements and ran away.

! They were able to change the Qadar of their yesterday with the strength of their actions the next day.

! It teaches you to be modest and humble

Humbleness is not to think less of yourself, but to think about yourself less. • Leads to total dependence upon Allah. You take precautions and do as much as you

can and then depend upon Him. o This attitude leads to good manners and characteristics like generosity,

bravery, truthfulness and optimism, because you know that Allah will

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support you in the good and He is the best of supporters. Example above with the king and his advisor.

! It will likewise eliminate bad characteristics/manners like jealousy, pessimism,

miserliness, etc. o Funny stories/jokes Sh. Waleed mentioned to remind us not to be stingy and

have other bad characters: ! A miserly man was drowning and his friend said, “give me your hand.”

The miserly man pulled back his hand to avoid giving. So the friend rephrased and said, “take my hand” and the drowning man took it.

! Juhaa [an Arabic comical character known to be stingy] was selling something in his shop. The customer gave him the coins to pay for the merchandise and one coin dropped and rolled away. Juhaa crawled on the floor after it, but couldn’t catch it before it fell out of reach into a crack. He fainted in distress. The customers got an onion, opened it and put it near his face to wake him. When he woke he asked what happened and they told him. He asked them where they got the onion. They said, “your store.” He fainted again.

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Chapter Six Belief in the Day of Judgment

Belief in the Last Day is one of the pillars of iman. A person is not a believer without belief in this pillar.

And who believe in what has been revealed to you, [O Muhammad], and what was revealed before you, and of the Hereafter they are certain [in

faith]. [Baqarah: 4] What Does Belief in the Day of Judgment Entail? Belief that there will be another life after this one. There will be a Judgment Day with recompense in al.Jannah [paradise] or an.Nar [hellfire]. Effects of Believing in the Last Day ! Demonstrates the completeness , greatness, and uniqueness of Allah’s names and

attributes. The DOJ is the ultimate expression of mercy. Mercy is around every corner of the DOJ. Hadeeth: When Allah made his mercy, He made 100 levels, and 1 level is on the earth. [Bukhari] The mercy of the hearts of all mothers of humans, animals, jinn, etc. is included in this 1% and He kept the remaining 99% for the DOJ.

You must be an absolute loser to go to hellfire!

! Increases the love for meeting Allah [swt] in the hearts of the believers. ! Establishes fear from Allah. ! Aids a Muslim in hastening towards good deeds. ! Aids in patience and hastening in doing good. ! Aids in patience in abstaining from doing wrong. ! Aids in patience during times of hardship. ! Establishes asceticism [zuhd] towards matters of this life. Some Name of the Last Day ! Yawm al.Hashr = Day of Gather: The day when Allah [swt] will gather all the

believers from the day of Adam [as] to the last day. All the Muslim human and jinn together and all the kafr Muslim and jinn together. The day of gathering with your prophet and your deeds and the day you gather with the angels.

! Yawm al. Qiyama = Day of Standing: The day everybody will be standing, this day

will be 50,000 years.

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The Hour ! No one knows when the hour will come. ! The Hour is near. Note: near is relevant, Allah’s days are completely different then

ours.

The Hour has come near, and the moon has split [in two]. [Qamar: 1] ! The Hour falls on a Friday. Which Friday we do not know. On this day, Allah will

order the angel Israfil to blow the horn and the entire world will collapse. The Signs of the Day of Judgment The signs cane be classified into Major signs and Minor signs The minor signs will not be noticed by everyone. Only the major signs will be recognized by everyone. A) Minor Signs:

o Women will give birth to her master [i.e. a son will treat their mother like their slave]

o Time will go much faster [a month will be like a week, a week like a day, etc.] o Desert people will compete in building o 50 women will be taken care of by 1 man [female/men ratio = 50 women:1 man] o Women will appear as they are naked [either because it’s see through, very

tight, or very short] o Women will start wearing their hair high o The coming of the last messenger [Muhammad] o Increasing in adultery o Death of the last messenger o Amount of killing will increase o Competitive markets [competing markets or too many markets] o Women imitating men, men imitating women o Coming of the Mahdi o Love of wealth and the wealth increase o Honest people will be distrusted and dishonest people will be trusted o Disappearance of knowledge o Taking of ignorant people as rulers o A lot of innovation [bid’ah] o A battle will take place in ash.Sham and Palestine o Objects will speak [objects, animals, etc.] o The crescent will look bigger o Before the DOJ people will be traveling on chairs [hadeeth: Sunan Abu Dawood] o The people will only say salaam to the people they know and not everyone o People will come to the masjid and people will not pray even 2 rak’ah

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Major Signs: The ‘ulema differ on the number of signs of the DOJ. Some say there are 10, others say 11. The debate is over al.Mahdi [named Muhammad ibn Abdillah] and whether his coming is considered a major or minor sign.

1) Ad.Dukhan [The Smoke]: When this smoke comes anyone who is a believer, will smell this smoke and die upon breathing it, leaving only the disbelievers on the earth.

2) The Emergence of Ad.Dajal [The False Messiah]: Dajal = to cover something. He

is named ad.dajal because he will cover the truth with the super powers Allah allows him to possess. The dajal will start his claim as a prophet, then as a king, and then he’ll claim he is god. Every prophet warned about the dajal. The dajal is the only one that we know that will claim he is god. The dajal will come when the earth is very dry. Allah will give us a very clear sign that he is the dajal. We know that on his forehead will be the letters kaf, fa, ra = kafr. Also, one of his eyes will look like it is falling out of his socket like a dry raisin. This shows us he is imperfect thus he can’t be god. He will enter every village in the earth except Makkah, Madinah, Masjid al.Aqsa in Jerusalem, Masjid Tur [Masjid in Sinai]. Ibn Masod believed the smoke would have already happened by the time the Dajal comes.

3) The coming of the beast.

4) The rising of the sun from the West.

Abu Huraira [ra] narrated that the messenger of Allah [saws] said: "The hour will not come until the sun rises from the west. When it rises and people see it

they will all believe, but that will be the time when faith will not benefit a person if he did not believe before, or did not derive any good from his faith."

[Bukhari]

5) The Descent of ‘Isa/Jesus [as]: he will descend in Damascus and fight the dajal. He will then live 7 years until the end and will follow the shariah of rasulAllah [saws].

6) Yajooj and Majooj: ‘Isa [as] and his followers will challenge the dajal but not

Yajooj and Majooj. In addition rasulAllah [saws] said there would come a day when the masajid will be empty and even dogs will enter my masjid.

7/8/9) The Three Great Landslides [one in the East, one in the West, and one in the Arabian Peninsula] 10) The Great Fire: This fire will start in Yemen and will drive people to their gathering place. This will happen after the resurrection.

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Knowing the sunnah of rasulAllah [saws] is the best protection from the trials of the DOJ

Key Points in Understanding the Signs of the Hours ! The signs of the DOJ rely completely on authentic sources [hadeeth or Qur’an]. ! We must differentiate between direct textual evidence and the understanding of

scholars. Never judge Islam or rasulAllah’s statements/actions on someone’s interpretation unless there is a consensus over what was meant.

The signs occur. Don’t try to make them occur.

! RasulAllah [saws] taught us about the signs not to make rulings on them [i.e. no

one can legislate that making high rises is haram because one of the signs of the DOJ is buildings will get higher]

! Not all these are condemnable actions. ! We must understand these signs by their apparent meanings. For example we can

not say that computers are the False Messiah because it technically has “one eye” Question? Can some of the language be taken in interpretations? Yes in limited cases. For example when they say sword, this CAN mean gun. Why? Because rasulAllah [saws] needed to use the language the people of his time and the language he knew of. He never knew what guns were, etc. ! No rules in shariah are conditional to the appearance of any sign of the DOJ. Death and Life in Al.Barzakh ! Death is hard because your soul is attached to your body. If you’re attached to your

shirt or your car leaving it isn’t easy. Leaving your family is not easy, so what about your soul leaving your body? This is why everyone hates death.

! Death is a truth in which there is no doubt. ! Death is the first station to the hereafter. RasulAllah [saws] asked us to remember

the destroyer of pleasures because anyone who remembers death while doing something bad will help them cease and anyone who remembers death during calamities will be deal easier. Those who think of death are always getting ready for it [i.e. investing in the hereafter].

! In Islam, death is viewed as an occurrence that happens to the soul. We don’t

consider death as an annihilation of the soul and life like the philosophers. ! Knowledge of the time of death and life is specific to Allah alone.

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And it is not [possible] for one to die except by permission of Allah at a decree determined. And whoever desires the reward of this world - We will give him thereof; and whoever desires the reward of the Hereafter - We will

give him thereof. And we will reward the grateful. [al.Imran: 145]

RasulAllah [saws] said, “whoever dies upon something, he will be resurrected upon it.” [al.Hakim]

Don’t wish death for yourself or anyone because if your good you have a chance to increase, if you do wrong you have a chance to repent. The ‘ulema has said that you can wish for death in the following situations: 1) if you feel you are in a fitnah you will loose your deen over; 2) if there is a good cause for which you wish to fight against and you wish to do for the sake of Allah. Our religion is one of life. It’s easy to die for the sake of Allah but what’s really hard is to live for the sake of Allah [swt]. We don’t love death over life, we value life and consider it as a great opportunity. This is why the Muslim should secure their life and conserve themselves in all ways including health, etc.

What’s in your heart is what will come in your tongue upon your death. Al.Khatimah [A Person’s End] “By the One, other than Whom there is no deity worthy of worship, verily one

of you performs the actions of the people of Paradise until there is but an arm’s length between him and it, and that which has been written overtakes him, and

so he acts with the actions of the people of the Hellfire and thus enters it; and verily one of you performs the actions of the people of the Hellfire, until there is

but an arm’s length between him and it, and that which had been written overtakes him and so he acts with the actions of the people of Paradise and thus

he enter it.” [Bukhari and Muslim] Husn Al.Khatimah [The Good End] Causes:

o Al.Istiqamah [steadfastness]

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o Al.Taqwa o Husn Adh.dhann Billah [having good expectations of Allah] o As.Sadiq [truthfulness] o At.Tawbah [repentance] o Remembering death and visiting cemeteries o Avoiding the reasons which lead to Soo’ al.Khatimah [bad end]

Signs of a Good Ending

o The person will be able to say “La illaha illAllah” upon their death o Martyr [including those who die: due to a plague, who are sweating in the

forehead while dying, on patrol while protecting community, death by a turned leader, day of Friday, death while spreading sunnah, death during childbirth, death while in Madinah, death in fire, drowning, etc.]

o Dying while doing something good The Bad Ending

o Corrupt belief and practicing innovations o Hypocrisy [privately behaving contrary to one’s public behavior] o Practicing sins and the love of sins [note: everyone commits sins but the

difference is that when one loves a sin, the sin lives inside the heart] o Love of this dunya and expecting to live a long life o Unlawful love and attachments o Procrastination

Signs of the Bad Ending

o Upon death the person cannot say “La illaha illAllah”. o Cursing on the decree. o Dying while committing a sin. o The dead body even sometimes flips to be away from Qiblah. o Ibn Qayyim said: there are people whom we turn their face towards the qiblah

and they turn their face away [this is a sign of a bad death] Al.Qabr [The Grave]

RasulAllah [saws] said, ‘Verily there is a pressing that occurs in the grave, if anyone could be saved from it, then Saa’d ibn Muadh would have been.’

[Musnad al.Imam Ahmad, authentic]

Note: the following relates to the soul if there is no body [i.e. burned, etc.] The trial of the grave:

o Each person will be asked by two black and blue angels [Black and blue means? Opinions: 1) black with blue eyes, 2) dark] three questions: Who is your lord? What is your religion? Who is your messenger? The believer will answer Allah, Islam, and Muhammad. The disbelievers will say, “I heard people say ...” and will be hit so hard that no human can hear the screams, animals can. This trial is almost as hard as the trial of the false messiah

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Questions: Will these questions be directed to the soul or the body and the soul? The majority said to the soul and the body. Will these questions be directed to all mankind or only to the ummah of rasulAllah [saws]? All mankind. Will this be asked to rasulAllah [saws] too? Majority opinion: no. Who will be saved from the questions of the grave? Those who died in battle field [shaheed] / died protecting the land also the ‘ulema have mentioned that if the shaheed is lower than the sadiq then the sadiq will also be saved from the questions. Will the unaccountable [i.e. children, insane, etc.] be asked? Opinions:

o Hanbali: yes because we pray janazah on them o However this is not a strong point because a child does not know what a

prophet or religion is. An insane person may not also understand what this is. As for the point that we pray janazah over them, we don’t pray because of the questions, but because the grave is a scary, terrifying place [opinion of Sh. Uthaymin]

And among those around you of the bedouins are hypocrites, and [also] from the people of Madinah. They have become accustomed to hypocrisy. You, [O Muhammad], do not know them, [but] We know them. We will

punish them twice [in this world]; then they will be returned to a great punishment. [Tawbah: 101]

Reward of the Grave: ! Special covering ! Smell good ! They will see a place in hellfire but an angel will tell them that because they

believed they will go to jennah and then they will see jennah and will get a breeze from jennah

! Bed from paradise ! Glad tidings of the good things that happen to their family after death ! Widening of the grave

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! Illumination in the grave ! Deep and comfort sleep ! Praise in grave ! Will be given a window to see their place in paradise. Punishment of the Grave: ! Tight grave ! Will be shown hellfire and will smell and feel the heat of hell until the DOJ ! They will be on a bed of fire ! Will be beaten with a hammer There are also specific punishments for specific actions:

! The person who consumed usury will swim in a pool of blood ! The people scratching their faces? Backbiters ! People who lie and spread their lies will be pulling their faces back

Most of the punishment of the grave happens because of two things:

gossip/backbiting and because of urine [not cleaning themselves properly or because it is on their clothes and didn’t clean it]

Sh. Waleed shared that once rasulAllah [saws] walked near two graves whom the people in them were feeling a great heat. RasulAllah took two palm leaves and places them over the graves and made a du’a to Allah that He cools their graves while those palm leaves remain. Question: can we copy rasulAllah in this action of placing a palm tree leaf over a grave to cool the grave? No. If this were sunnah then everyone would have done this. Also, the cooling of the grave had nothing to do with the green branch, what stopped the punishment was the du’a. Cause of the Punishment:

! Shirk ! Spreading slander ! Not taking precautions to prevent oneself from being soiled with

urine ! Not covering properly while urinating ! Ghalool = stealing from the war booty ! Lying ! Those who backbite ! Gossip ! Stealing from the orphans ! Bribery ! Mulhid = he one who gets paid to marry a woman and divorce her

to facilitate for her ex.husband to marry her again ! Punishing or abusing animals [story of the woman who starved a

cat to death] ! Spreading false rumors ! To sleep and miss the salaah ! Memorizing Qur'an and forgetting it ! Dragging your cloths on the ground out of arrogance ! Debt

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Does the punishment of the grave continue until the Day of Judgment? Ibn Qayyim says that there are two types:

o Certain types will continue until the DOJ o For the disbelievers they will be punished until they are

resurrected. o Certain types of punishment will stop for a while

o For example, if a person is in debt, then there will be fire in their grave until the debt is paid off.

What can save a person from the punishment of the grave?

o Tawheed o Good Deeds will come in the form of companions and guard the deceased [his

recitation of the Qur'an will be next to his head in the grave, his Taraweeh will wait near the leg, his salaah will be on the left side, his zakah will be on the right side, his sadaqah will be above.

o Guarding the Muslim border o Shaheed in the battle field o Dying during the night of Jummah o Reciting surat al.Mulk every night

Where does the soul when the body goes to the grave?

o The soul will be around the grave, the soul will be roaming around the earth freely until the DOJ [Imam Malik said something like this].

o The souls of the believers go to heaven, while the souls of the disbelievers go to hell.

o The souls will go back to the place where the covenant was made between Allah and all the descendants of Adam [as]; the opinion of Ibn Hazm.

And [mention] when your Lord took from the children of Adam - from their loins - their descendants and made them testify of themselves,

[saying to them], "Am I not your Lord?" They said, "Yes, we have testified." [This] - lest you should say on the day of Resurrection, "Indeed, we were of

this unaware." [‘Araf: 172] How did the scholars deal with the different opinions? They say that believers are not one kind. Prophets and messengers are in one level different to the rest of humanity. They [the prophets and messengers] will be in the

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company of Allah. RasulAllah [saws] said, 'Their [the shuhadat] souls are in the crops of green birds which have lamps hanging from the throne. They roam in paradise wherever they wish, then they come back to those lamps.'" [Muslim]. This is the case for some of the martyrs, not all [some of them may be detained from entering paradise by debts that they have left behind]. As for the souls of the righteous believers: 'Abdur Rahman ibn Ka'b ibn Malik narrated, rasulAllah [saws] said: "The soul of the Muslim is a bird perching in the trees of paradise, until Allah returns it

to his body on the Day of Resurrection." [Ahmad] The difference between the souls of the believers and the shuhadah is that the souls of shaheed will be inside green birds and the souls of the believers will take the shape of green birds. Also, the souls of the shaheed will be resting on nest under the shade of Allah and the believers will be resting on fruits trees. The souls of the martyrs roam around but the souls of the believers will just sit there. As for the souls of the disbelievers, they will be sent back down to earth and not even brought to the gates of jennah.

And they ask you, [O Muhammad], about the soul. Say, "The soul is of the affair of my Lord. And mankind have not been given of knowledge except

a little." [‘Isra: 85] The Resurrection Muslims believe that Allah will resurrect all the dead to the judgment. Al.Qur’an and As.Sunnah are full of affirmations of the resurrection and refutations to those who deny it.

1) Directly stating that people will be resurrected 2) Observation 3) Affirming the completeness of Allah’s power, knowledge, and wisdom

A disbeliever brought a dried bone to rasulAllah [saws], he crushed it and blew the dust. Then asked the prophet [saws], "O Muhammad, are you claiming that

Allah will resurrect this?" Then Allah SWT revealed verses 78 - 83 of Surah YaSin.

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Say, "He will give them life who produced them the first time; and He is, of all creation, Knowing." [YaSin: 79]

[It is] He who made for you from the green tree, fire, and then from it you

ignite. [YaSin: 80] Positions of people towards the resurrection: ! Those who deny the resurrection completely include the Pagan Arabs and some of

the Greek philosophers ! Those who deny the resurrection of the bodies include the vast majority of the

philosophers, the jews, and christians ! Reincarnation of souls [Buddhists believe that pure souls reach Nirvana. The

Nusairees believe that pure souls will merge with the stars. Impure souls must return to another human soul until purified. Durzis believe that if the soul is pure, it will return to the body of another Durzi. Some Jews believe similarly, that if a soul is pure it will be reincarnated in the body of another Jew]

The Blowing of As.Soor [The Trumpet] There are two main opinions regarding the meaning of As.Soor:

o The vast majority said it is a trumpet. The messenger [saws] explained 'as.soor' in terms of the words that the Arabs knew, a horn/trumpet.

o A few said it refers to the blowing into the bodies of the creation for the souls to return to them. Al.Hassan al.Basri and others read 'as.soor' as suwar, which is the plural of 'soorah' [meaning image, form]. But this is an incorrect view and was refuted by many of the Muslim scholars.

Blowing the trumpet is the role of the angel Israfil. There are three different opinions regarding the blowing of the trumpet:

! Opinion 1: o The trumpet will be blown three times according to the majority of

the scholars. o The first is Nafkhat Al.Faza’ [The Blow of Terror]. This signals the

beginning of the great changes that will occur to the world.

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And [warn of] the Day the Horn will be blown, and whoever is in the heavens and whoever is on the earth will be terrified except whom Allah

wills. And all will come to Him humbled. [An.Naml: 87]

o The second is Nafkhat Al.Sa’q [The Blow of Death]. This blow causes all creation to die.

o The third is Nafkhat Al.Qiyam [The Blow of Resurrection]. This blow resurrects people from their graves.

And the Horn will be blown, and whoever is in the heavens and whoever is on the earth will fall dead except whom Allah wills. Then it will be blown again, and at once they will be standing, looking on. [Az.Zumar: 68]

! Opinion 2: o Ibn Kathir among other scholars held the position that there will

be two blows. o They consider the Blow of Terror and the Blow of Death as one. o The use the verses [39:68], [79:6-7] and [36:49-51] as evidences.

! Opinion 3:

o A third opinion says there are four. Ibn Hazm and others had this opinion.

o They say the first trumpet causing everyone to die. o The second one bringing every one to life. o The third one causing everyone to be filled with terror and fall

unconscious. o The fourth trumpet will be given when Allah [swt] comes for the

judgment. What is the duration between the two blows? Abu Huraira said that it is 40. When he was asked about what 40 is, he didn’t comment because he either forgot what rasulAllah [saws] said or rasulAllah didn’t say.

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! We do know that everyone will come up the way they died. If you died at 40 years, you will be resurrected at 40.

! Children will immediately be given to Ibrahim to be cared for until entering jennah [this applies only to children under the age of puberty].

The Great Gathering The great fire will travel every corner of the earth until it gathers all humanity together in one place. Will animals be gathered?

o Ibn Taymiyyah said that they would be resurrected. The proof is that the kafr will say I wish to be an animal so I can be turned to dust so I won’t be sent to hellfire.

And when the wild beasts are gathered. [Takwir: 5]

And there is no creature on [or within] the earth or bird that flies with its wings except [that they are] communities like you. We have not neglected

in the Register a thing. Then unto their Lord they will be gathered. [Al.An’am: 38]

o Ibn Abaas said animals would not be resurrected [this is the opinion of the

majority]. Who is the first to be resurrected? RasulAllah [saws] The first to be dressed/covered on the Day of Resurrection

o People will be gathered naked, barefoot and uncircumcised as stated previously in a saheeh hadeeth.

o Ibn Abbas [ra] narrated: rasulAllah [saws] said: "The first to be clothed on the day of Resurrection will be Ibrahim al.Khaleel." [Saheeh al-Bukhari]

o Why will Ibrahim [as] will be the first one? The best explanation is that when Namrood ordered to throw him in the pit of fire, they removed his clothes in front of those who were present. Thus he will be rewarded by being the first one to be clothed.

o Some scholars say that you will be dressed by your good deeds. They say the word 'thaub' refers to deeds.

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Description of the people in the Gathering o The arrogant will come in the size of ants o Some will carry things on their backs [those who steal from the war booty] o Some will have no meat on their faces [the wealthy beggar] o Others will have their tongue on fire [two faced people] o The unjust will be surrounded by darkness o Those who have a long neck are the people who call adhan o As the charitable walk there will be a cloud keeping them shaded/different then

anyone else o Some will have birds on them [those who memorize surah Baqarah and al.Imran] o Those with a shiny face, hands, and feet is the person who performed wudu’

and prayed

Those who will have the shade of Allah on the Day of Judgment: Abu Huraira [ra] narrates: The messenger of Allah [saws] said: " There are

seven whom [Allah] will shade with his shade on the Day when there will be no shade except His: the just ruler; the young man who grows up worshipping his Lord; the man whose heart is attached to the mosque; two men who love one

another for the sake of Allah, meeting and parting for that reason; a man who is invited [to sin] by a woman of high status and beauty, but he says, 'I fear

Allah'; a man who gives in charity so secretly that his left hand does not know what his right hand gives; and a man who remembers Allah when he is alone,

and his eyes fill with tears." [Agreed upon, Bukhari]

The Standing: Awaiting Judgment How long will people stand on that day? 1,000 or 50,000 years?

The angels and the Spirit will ascend to Him during a Day the extent of which is fifty thousand years. [Ma’arij: 4]

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He arranges [each] matter from the heaven to the earth; then it will ascend to Him in a Day, the extent of which is a thousand years of those

which you count. [Sajdah: 5] How to reconcile the different number of years [i.e. 1,000 or 50,000 years]?

! Ibn Abaas said: When the angel goes from earth to heaven it is 50,000 years. ! More prominent opinion: The length of the Day of Judgment:

o For kufar: 50,00 years o For the believers: 1,000 years

! A third opinion: It goes through 50 stages. Each 1,000 years. What will occur during the Mawqif?

! Allah will come ! Bringing of jennah and hellfire ! Intercession to start judgment ! Judgment and placing of balance and passing out of books ! Approaching the pool

Narrated by ibn Mas'ood: The prophet [saws] said: "Hell will be brought forth that day by means of seventy thousand ropes, each of which will be held by

seventy thousand angels." [Muslim] RasulAllah [saws] will be the only one to ask Allah to start the Day of Judgment and to have mercy on his nation. When rasulAllah [saws] approaches Allah, He will teach him [saws] a dua’ that he [saws] never knew before. Allah will tell him [saws], “Now you can intercede.” Intercession Special intercession of rasulAllah [saws] Special intercession of rasulAllah [saws] for those who live in Madinah and die there. Who are the intercessors on the Day of Resurrection?

! Allah ! RasulAllah [saws] ! The Messengers ! The Angels ! The Martyrs ! Children who pass away ! Believers for one another ! The Qur’an [surat Tabarak will save the person from the hellfire]

RasulAllah [saws] said that while everyone waits, the scholar amongst every nation will gather and will go to Adam [as] to ask Allah to start judgment day. Adam [as] will be afraid because he made a sin. Then they will ask Nuh but he’ll be too embarrassed for praying against his people. Ibrahim [as] will say no because he lied three times in his life and will tell them to go to Musa. Musa will say no because he killed on man [when he hit the Egyptian]. Then ‘Isa [as] will direct them to Muhammad [saws]. RasulAllah will be saying ‘ummati ummati’ and asking for his [saws] ummah. He [saws] will say ‘if my lord give me the permission I will ask.’ Then Allah will teach him a dua’ and his [saws] intercession will begin.

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The Judgment The first nation to be judged will be nation of Muhammad, this includes anyone who lived after him [saws]. Allah will judge and every single person will be brought alone. The believers will be brought close to Him. What an honor! It’s a private conversation with Allah. The mu’min will admit what they did and will give no excuse. Allah will forgive it all. Will every single sin be on your record? No, there are some sins that won’t appear. Allah asks the angels to wait, if you repent then it will not be written or if you do a sin and you follow it with a good deed then it will not be counted. People will be asked about their salaah. In Islam we view that we have duties towards the creator and the creation; salaah being the most important. If salaah is not full then He [swt] will look at nafl/optional salaah. The first thing asked about in regards to the creation is whether you’ve killed.

Don’t ever come on the DOJ with sin that has to do with associating partner with Allah in any way or abusing of any human being!

The Balance/Scale: Weighing the Deeds The majority of the scholars say the good doers will be given their book of deeds in their right hand while the evil will be given in their left behind their back.

But as for he who is given his record behind his back, [Inshiqaq: 10] People will take their books and Allah will bring a scale. By ijma’ [consensus] the scales have two sides. One side for the good deeds and one for bad deeds. Abaas says this scale has a tongue.

And the weighing [of deeds] that Day will be the truth. So those whose

scales are heavy - it is they who will be the successful. [‘Araf: 8] The Khawarij and Mu’tazila say there is no scale on the DOJ. What will be weighed? The record of your deeds. Each having a separate record. Meaning salaah is on one record, shahadah on another record, etc.

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What is the wisdom behind weighing deeds? Having the scale is the clearest form of justice. Shows us the amount of mercy that Allah has. Shows the knowledge of Allah because it shows that He knows all the deeds we did. Description of Al.Meezan

! Two scales ! It has tongue and lips, meaning it can talk

What will be weighed?

! Your good deeds and sins ! Records ! The person will be weighed ! Good deeds will be weighed in the form of light ! Alhamdulillah will fill up the scale ! Some good deeds that few people do:

o Saying subhanAllah 10 times o Alhamdulillah 10 times o Allahu Akbar 10 times o When going to sleep, say subhanAllah, alhamdulillah and

Allahu Akbar RasulAllah [saws] said that Allah will be next to his balance on the side of his good deeds. If the person’s sins become heavier, then Allah will push the good deeds. Will the non.Muslims deeds be weighed? Ibn Taymiyyah said no because one of the reason for deeds to be accepted that they must be done for Allah and because they got their reward in this dunya. However this is not a strong argument. How will Allah judge people? Whichever side goes down, then they will be judged that way. Will there be one scale for all nations or different scales? There will only be one scale for everyone.

RasulAllah [saws] said the words of dhikr and having good manners is one of the heaviest on the DOJ

Al.Hawd [The Pool] After this they will go to the pool [al.hawd]. Are there multiple pools? Just one. The river of al.Kawthar flows into this pool. When you drink from it once you will never be thirsty again. This water is cool and sweet like honey. Around it there are jugs and people will drink with them from it. It smells like musk. The pool is like a square. The distance you travel in one month is the distance of one side of the square [rasulAllah did not mean the actual distance but said so to make it easier to imagine].

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People will approach the hawd after finishing the judgment. Ibn Hajaar and Imam an.Nawawi say the pool will be after the bridge of hellfire, because even the sinners will drink from the pool however this opinion is not strong because rasulAllah [saws] said a group will approach his pool and the angel will come and block them. He [saws] will say, “Ya Allah, they are from my nation”, Allah will tell him [saws] that they are the ones who left the religion afterwards and such people will never cross the siraat [among them are the innovators]. Do all prophets have a pool/hawd? This is only given to rasulAllah [saws]. There is a narration in Tirmidhi that says that every prophets will have a pool but Saleh [because he has a she.camel and will give milk from this camel]. This narrations says that the biggest pool will be given to rasulAllah [saws] however there is only one hadeeth reporting this and it is 'gharib' hadeeth. After drinking, everyone will gather and a fog will cover the hellfire. And everyone will follow his or her gods [some will follow the cross, some Jesus, some Muhammad, some Buddha, etc.]. The fog will then lift and the hellfire will be there. They will stop but will be pushed in. The rest will be the believers and the hypocrites. Then Allah will ask everyone, “Who is your lord?” The believers will say: Allah. Some will say they never heard of the message or that they were insane. Allah will send them a messenger, if they obey they will be saved, if not, they will go to hellfire. This is the test for these people. Al.Siraat Definitions:

o Linguistic: clear, straight path o Technical: a bridge placed

The siraat is slippery. It is sharper than a sword and thinner than a hair [Bukhari]. It is above the hellfire and it is dark thus you’ll need light to cross it. The light given to each will reflect their level of iman. The hypocrites will ask the believers to share their light; the hypocrites will go back for a light and not pass. Some believers will run or walk, and even some will crawl.

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On the Day you see the believing men and believing women, their light proceeding before them and on their right, [it will be said], "Your good

tidings today are [of] gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein you will abide eternally." That is what is the great attainment. On the [same] Day

the hypocrite men and hypocrite women will say to those who believed, "Wait for us that we may acquire some of your light." It will be said, "Go

back behind you and seek light." And a wall will be placed between them with a door, its interior containing mercy, but on the outside of it is

torment. [Al.Hadid: 12-13] The first people to cross as.siraat will be ummat ul.Muhammad. The ‘ulema say the kufar will not cross the siraat. Al.Qantarah Abu Sa’eed al.Khudree reports that rasulAllah [saws] said, “When the believers

cross the Hellfire, they will be stopped at a small bridge [Qantarah] before entering paradise and will be given retribution for injustices between them

until they become them until they become purified. [Then] they will be permitted to enter jannah. So, by the one in whose hand is my soul, they will

know their way to their homes in jannah, better than they knew their ways to their homes in Dunya.” [Bukhari]

After crossing the siraat, they must pass an arch bridge and there all believers from all nations will be gathered. This is where the believers will start taking hasanat from each other. Allah will tell them that if there is anything amongst them, to settle it now, and will allow for him to take from the good deeds who has wronged him. If they run out of good deeds, they will give them their bad deeds. There will be a person that comes with a mountain of hasanat. Although he has this much, people will come and say that the person cursed me, talked about me behind my back, and so on until his hasanat is done. Then he will be given other

people’s sins. After this, he will be put in the hellfire even after going through all these trials and tribulations. RasulAllah [saws] said this is the greatest loser

out of everyone in the Day of Judgment.

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Note: One good deed that no one can take away from you is fasting. The reward only belongs to Allah. The people who fast a lot, Allah will offer them a lot of food on the Day of Gathering. Al.A’raf Definition:

o Linguistically: What is high; like a wall. o Technically: There are different opinions. 1) A high place from where you can

see Paradise and Hellfire. 2) A wall between Paradise and Hellfire. 3) A mountain between Jannah and Hellfire [opinion of ibn ‘Abaas]. 4) It is the Bridge [as.Siraat].

Paradise and Hellfire Paradise ! There are 8 gates to paradise ! The middle gate is for those who are good to their parents. ! There is a gate for those who fast a lot. No one else will enter from here. ! Each gate, when they open wide, is as wide as the horizon. ! They will not open until rasulAllah [saws] approaches the door. ! When the people enter the gates, the angels that are surrounding the gates will say

that they will be sending the welcome and salaam to the people. ! There will be no sickness and we won’t need to use the bathroom. Hellfire ! There are three types of people in the hellfire: hypocrites, sinners, the people who

have a mustard seed of sin, then they will only dipped into hellfire for a moment and they will have a ring around their neck.

Ahl As.Sunnah wal.Jamaa’ believe that Jannah will last forever, but there is a

difference of opinion regarding the eternity of the Hellfire.

Abu Bakr once asked, “Can anyone enter from all 8 gates?” RasulAllah answered, “Yes and I hope abu Bakr be the one.” Why ask: Abu Bakr [ra] wants

to have the choice to which gate to go through, he aims very high. Always aim HIGH!

Is the hellfire forever? Two major opinions: ! Opinion 1:

o Majority opinion: The people will remain forever in hellfire. ! Proofs: Allah warned them thus the sin they commit is the

most injustice. Had Allah’s anger overpowered His mercy, he’d never let them live one day in this life.

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It will not be allowed to subside for them, and they, therein, are in despair. [Zukhruf: 75]

Those who followed will say, "If only we had another turn [at worldly life] so we could disassociate ourselves from them as they have disassociated

themselves from us." Thus will Allah show them their deeds as regrets upon them. And they are never to emerge from the Fire. [Baqarah: 167]

! Opinion 2:

o Opinion of ibn Kathir and ibn Taymiyyah: Hellfire will be for a long time but after a while it and everyone in it will vanish.

! Proofs: Allah said that hellfire is forever except those He wills. Umar [ra] used the following ayah saying that hellfire has a certain amount of time [i.e. here is an end]. They also site that rasulAllah said, “Allah said: my mercy took over my anger.” Thus when Allah is angry He’ll give someone hell but His mercy must take over his anger. They also say Allah is just and fair those people did not disbelieve forever only for a certain amount of time thus it wouldn’t be just to punish forever. And by knowing the nature of god as a just god He must bring that punishment to an end.

In which they will remain for ages. [Naba’: 23]

Both opinions are respected. Seeing Allah Seeing Allah is one of the greatest pleasures in the hereafter.

Abu Huraira said that the people asked rasulAllah [saws], “Will we see Allah on the Day of Resurrection?” He replied, “Do you have any difficulty seeing the

sky in the middle of a clear day?” They replied, “No, messenger of Allah.” He then asked, “Do you have any difficulty seeing the moon in the middle of a

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clear night.” They said, “No.” He then said, “You will see Him on the Day of Resurrection like that.” [Bukhari and Muslim]

The strongest opinion is the kufar will see Allah but not in the form of reward but as a punishment. Important Principles in Understanding Texts Related to the Unseen

! All the things that we mention will be in the hereafter, jannah, or the hellfire only share the NAME with their counterparts in this dunya. They should not be imagined as the same.

! It is difficult to understand some things related to the unseen because the world of the unseen is different than this world. We always see matters of the unseen mentioned alongside faith.

! We must combine between all evidences. ! We must take texts by their apparent meaning. Doing otherwise will lead

to the denial of their existence. ! Importance of going back to the explanation of the Sahabah. ! One cannot insist on a particular ORDER to the specific events of the last

day. ! Dwelling on the intricate details of these texts destroys its effects.

Jannah is something great we should work to attain. It is a goal. The mu’min lives in this life and see’s this as something they don’t want to miss out on.

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Rays of Faith Set 3 - WordPress.com...of love of Allah [swt] and trust/belief that Allah knows best. The History of Innovation in Al.Qadar Allah is always just and fair, but many opinions