Goergen Hall, University of RochesterMay 16, 2016

Frontiers in Materials Science for the 21st Century: MEMS and Membranes

RAMP AnnualSymposium2016

SCHEDULE8:30-9:00am

9:00-9:05am

9:05-9:40am

9:40-9:45am

9:45-10:20am

10:20-10:25am

10:25-10:40am

10:40-11:15am

11:15-11:20am

11:20-11:55am

11:55-noon

noon-1:30pm

1:30-2:05pm

2:05-2:10pm

2:10-2:45pm

2:45-2:50pm

2:50-3:30pm

3:30-4:05pm

4:05-4:10pm

4:10-4:45pm

4:45-4:50pm

4:50pm

Registration - Munnerlyn Atrium, Goergen Hall (Continental breakfast available)

Opening Comments: Prof. Kara Bren, University of Rochester

Prof. Jeffrey Gralnick, University of Minnesota

“Harnessing Extracellular Electron Transfer for Biocatalysis”

Discussion

Prof. Thomas Gaborski, Rochester Institute of Technology

“Ultrathin Transparent Membranes for Cellular Barrier Models”

Discussion

Coffee Break

Prof. Bruce J. Hinds, University of Washington

“Dramatic nano-fluidic properties of carbon nanotube membranes as a platform for protein

channel mimetic pumps”

Discussion

Prof. Vincent Tabard-Cossa, University of Ottawa

“DNanopores and Nanomembranes for Biomedical Applications”

Discussion

Lunch in Munnerlyn Atrium and Poster Session

Prof. James McGrath, University of Rochester

“Diffusion, Convection Fouling and Sieving: How conventional transport concepts change

when membranes are super thin”

Discussion

Prof. Blanca Lapizco-Encinas, Rochester Institute of Technology

“Novel strategies for particle manipulation with dielextrophoresis”

Discussion

Poster Session and Coffee Break

Prof. Shigeru Amemiya, University of Pittsburgh

“Nanoelectrochemical Study of Molecular Transport through Biological and Artificial Nanopores”

Discussion

Jirachai Getpreecharsawas, PhD, University of Rochester

“Porous membranes as pumps”

Discussion

Closing Remarks; Prof. James McGrath, University of Rochester

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Abstract:Extracellular electron transfer by microbes is critical for the geochemical cycling of metals, bioremediation and biocatalysis using electrodes in devices called microbial fuel cells. Shewanella oneidensis is the best-understood dissimilatory metal reducing organism studied to date, yet puzzles remain to be solved regarding how it can respire insoluble substrates. I will discuss recent advances in our understanding of extracellular electron transfer and how light enhances respiration of electrodes in strains of Shewanella engineered to express proteorhodopsin.

Biography:Jeffrey Gralnick earned a PhD in Bacteriology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison studying microbial physiology and genetics with Diana Downs. After exploring iron homeostasis inside Salmonella cells he joined Dianne Newman’s lab at Caltech in to study dissimilatory iron reduction catalyzed on the outside of the bacterium Shewanella oneidensis. In 2005 he started his research group focusing on microbial physiology and synthetic biology of environmental bacteria at the University of Minnesota where he is an Associate Professor of Microbiology and Director of the Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute.

SPEAKERS

Professor jeffrey gralnick

Department of Microbiology and Immunology and BioTechnology Institute

University of Minnesota

“Harnessing extracellular electron transfer for biocatalysis”

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Abstract:Typical in vitro barrier and co-culture models rely upon thick semi-permeable polymeric membranes that physically separate two compartments. Polymeric track-etched membranes, while permeable to small molecules, are far from physiological with respect to physical interactions between co-cultured cells and are not amenable to high-resolution imaging due to light scattering and autofluorescence. Here we report on an optically transparent ultrathin membrane with porosity exceeding 20%. We optimized deposition and annealing conditions to create a tensile and robust porous silicon dioxide or glass membrane that is comparable in thickness to the vascular basement membrane. We demonstrated HUVECs formed gap junctions with adipose-derived stem cells when they were co-cultured on opposite sides of the membrane, demonstrating the physiologically relevant separation distance. Lastly, we confirmed that these porous glass membranes are compatible with previously published lift-off processes yielding membrane sheets with active area of many square centimeters. We believe that these membranes will enable new in vitro barrier and co-culture models while offering dramatically improved visualization compared to conventional alternatives.

Biography:Thomas Gaborski holds a bachelor’s degree in Biological and Environmental Engineering from Cornell University and completed a Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering from the University of Rochester. As a graduate student, he was a NIH Kirschstein predoctoral fellow. His graduate work initially focused on neutrophil recruitment and the biophysics of adhesion molecule mobility within the plasma membrane. It was during this work that Tom became involved with the life science applications of a novel class of ultrathin membranes leading to the co-founding of SiMPore in 2007. Tom initially served as head of life science application development at SiMPore and then as President from 2009-2012. While at SiMPore, Tom was the principal investigator on several NIH small business innovative research grants. In 2012, Tom shifted his focus back towards academic research and joined the newly formed RIT Biomedical Engineering department. At RIT, his laboratory researches large-scale fabrication of ultrathin membranes and investigates cellular interactions on and across permeable substrates. In 2014, he was a named a Young Innovator in Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering by the Biomedical Engineering Society.

Professor thomas gaborski

department of biomedical engineeringrochester institute of Technology

“Ultrathin Transparent Membranes for Cellular Barrier Models”

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Abstract:Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have three key attributes that make them of great interest for novel membrane applications 1) atomically flat graphite surface allows for ideal fluid slip boundary conditions for 10,000 fold faster fluid flow 2) the cutting process to open CNTs inherently places functional chemistry at CNT core entrance for gatekeeper activity and 3) CNT are electrically conductive allowing for electrochemical reactions and application of electric fields gradients at CNT tips. Pressure driven flux of a variety of solvents (H2O, hexane, decane ethanol, methanol) are 4-5 orders of magnitude higher than conventional Newtonian flow [Nature 2005, 438, 44] due to atomically flat graphite planes inducing nearly ideal slip conditions. However this is eliminated with selective chemical functionalization [ACS Nano 2011 5 3867-3877] needed to give chemical selectivity. These unique properties allow us to explore the hypothesis of producing ‘Gatekeeper’ membranes that mimic natural protein channels. With anionic tip functionality strong electroosmotic flow is induced by unimpeded cation flow with similar 10,000 fold enhancements [Nature Nano 2012 7 133-39]. With enhanced power efficiency, carbon nanotube membranes were employed as the active element of a switchable transdermal drug delivery device that can facilitate more effective treatments of drug abuse and addiction [PNAS . 2010 107 11698]. Applications in energy storage and water treatment and active membrane systems [Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014 24 4317] are also discussed.

Biography:Professor Hinds has a formal and research-based background in chemistry and electronic device processing. Bachelor studies were in Chemistry at Harvey Mudd College in California (1991). His Ph.D. work (1996) was on the MOCVD growth of high temperature superconductors at Northwestern University (Tobin Marks, NAE, NAS). He went on to post-doctoral research at NC State Physics to study the interface states in the Si/SiO2 system (Gerry Lucovsky). He then received an NSF-JSPS

Professor bruce j. hinds

department of materials science & engineeringcampbell professor of materials science &

engineeringUniversity of washington

“Dramatic nano-fluidic properties of carbon nanotube membranes as a platform for protein

channel mimetic pumps”

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Abstract:Elucidating the physical processes that govern biological transport phenomena across nano-sized pores is a fertile field of research, from which emerging strategies for controlling passage will find many industrial and technological applications. The last decade has seen significant advancements in the fabrication of nanofluidic devices to develop biomimetic systems and to study transport processes at the single-molecule level in vitro. Particularly exciting results have been obtained from examining the passage of nucleic acids through solid-state nanopores, or nanometer-sized

Professor vincent tabard-cossa

department of physicsUniversity of ottawa

“Nanopores and Nanomembranes for Biomedical Applications”

fellowship to work with nano-scale fabrication of single electron floating gate memory at the Tokyo Institute of Technology (Shunri Oda). In 2001 he joined the faculty of the University of Kentucky to start a research program for functional materials at the nm-scale. In particular, his research group is trying to produce nano-scale materials that can mimic natural process for applications ranging from health care, energy storage/generation and water purification. In July 2014 he moved to University of Washington MSE department. He has authored almost 70 papers (including Science, Nature, PNAS, Nat. Nanotech), has recently received a Presidential Early Career Award (PECASE) award sponsored by NIH, Kavli Frontiers Fellow and is the Campbell Professor of Materials Science & Engineering.

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holes fabricated in insulating silicon-based nanomembranes. In fact, nanopore-based sensing is taking center stage as a versatile single-molecule tool for biophysics and biotechnologies. However, fundamental questions and challenges must be addressed before solid-state nanopore sensors can deliver their full promise of disruptive technology for genomics, life science research, and clinical diagnostics. These include: What physical processes govern the capture of biomolecules by the nanopores? How can speed be controlled during biomolecular passage through the nanopore in order to improve signal accuracy? And, can robust nanopore devices be fabricated in a low-cost, scalable way, while offering full functionality for complex biological samples?In this talk, I will present how the innovative nanopore fabrication method developed in my lab, based on the controlled breakdown (CBD) of a nanomembrane using high-electric fields in solution, can be used to tackle these challenges.

Biography:Vincent Tabard-Cossa is a professor (associate) in the Department of Physics, at the University of Ottawa, in Ottawa (Canada) since September 2010. His research program is dedicated to the development of novel techniques and methods to manipulate and characterize single-molecules using nanofluidic devices, to unravel the basic physics governing the behaviour of biological molecules in nanoconfined geometries, and ultimately to translate these discoveries into new tools for the life sciences. Over the last few years his group developed a new nanofabrication method for making solid-state nanopores based on controlling breakdown of a dielectric membrane in solution. The method achieves a feature size of 1 nm with sub-nm precision, while being orders of magnitude faster, cheaper and more reliable than any previously existing techniques. Considering the tremendous reduction in complexity and cost, it is envisioned that this fabrication strategy will not only democratize the use of solid-state nanopores, but will also provide a path towards manufacturing nanopore-based biotechnologies.

He did his post-doctoral research in the applied biophysics group of Andre Marziali (Physics) at the University of British-Columbia (UBC), where he studied single-molecule bonds (DNA-DNA for genotyping and receptor-ligand for drug screening applications) using solid-state nanopore-based force spectroscopy (2006-2008). He then continued his postdoctoral research at the Genome Technology Center at Stanford University, in collaboration with Ron Davis (Biochemistry), Bob Dutton (EE), and Roger Howe (EE), where he studied the screening behaviour of DNA polymers and fluid transport under high electric fields in nanofluidic transistors (2008-2010). His Ph.D. thesis research was performed in Peter Grütter‘s Scanning Probe Microscopy and Nanoscience group in the Physics Department at McGill University. He investigated the origins of surface stress when various types of molecules trigger chemical/physical reactions at gas-solid and

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Abstract:The emergence of porous silicon-based nanomembranes (10 - 100 nm thick) a decade ago and even thinner porous membranes comprised of graphene and its derivatives (0.5 - 10 nm thick) in recent years, suggests an era of revolutionary selectivity and efficiency in molecular filtration is near. Realizing the potential of ultrathin membranes however, not only requires overcoming considerable scale up challenges in manufacturing, it also requires the development of basic membrane science in the ultrathin regime. Since we introduced the first practical nanomembranes by crystallizing ultrathin

Professor james mcgrath

Department of biomedical engineeringuniversity of rochester

“Diffusion, Convection, Fouling and Sieving: How conventional transport concepts change when

membranes are super thin”

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silicon in 2007, we have steadily improved our manufacturing and material choices to increase the amount of free standing membrane on a chip from 0.1 mm^2 to 150 mm^2. More recently we have introduced ‘lift-off’ sheets that achieve free-standing areas of 15,000 mm^2. While increasing the amount of usable membrane by 6 orders of magnitude is having a dramatic impact on the utility of silicon nanomembranes, the performance advantages and drawbacks of using ultrathin materials for filtration has been evident at every scale. Predictably, ultrathin membranes have diffusive and convective permeabilities that are orders of magnitude higher than conventional membranes (1-10 um thick). Less obvious is the benefit of thinness for the resolution of separations, which we have often observed to be better than 5 nm for both proteins and nanoparticles despite polydisperse pore distributions. Also challenging the use of ultrathin membranes is an apparent propensity for rapid clogging in dead-end filtration. In this talk I will review nearly a decade of experimentation and predictive models that explain much of the phenomena we have observed when using ultrathin membranes as filters. I will also argue that the advantages of ultrathin membranes may be best appreciated in tangential flow filtration and give examples of tangential flow for blood purification (ex. hemodialysis) where revolutionary improvements over traditional materials are being realized in practice.

Biography:James McGrath is a Professor of Biomedical Engineering at the University of Rochester. He holds degrees from MIT in both Mechanical Engineering (MS ‘04) and Biological Engineering (PhD ‘08) and was named a Distinguished Post-doctoral Fellow in Biomedical Engineering at Johns Hopkins University. Professor McGrath joined the University of Rochester faculty in 2001 where he has also served as the director of the Graduate Program in BME and as the co-director of the University’s core facility for microfabrication and metrology: UR Nano. While historically Professor McGrath’s research focused on the phenomena of cell migration, in 2007 his research turned to breakthrough ultrathin porous membrane materials termed ‘silicon nanomembranes.’ McGrath founded and served as past-president of SiMPore, a Rochester based company established to achieve high volume and high quality manufacturing of nanomembranes. He also established the multidisciplinary Nanomembrane Research Group (NRG) to advance both the material science and application of nanomembranes. The NRG has grown into a multi-institutional and international collection of faculty, entrepreneurs, students, and senior scientists, developing and applying the breakthrough membrane technology. Through more than a dozen patent applications and two dozen peer-reviewed journal publications, the NRG has pioneered the use of nanomembranes for therapeutic and laboratory separations, for 3D tissue models, for molecular sensing, and for various lab-on-a-chip applications. In 2015 McGrath was elected as a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE).

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Abstract:Microfluidics is a dynamic and rapidly growing field with potential applications in numerous areas, from food and water safety, to environmental monitoring and clinical analysis. Working on the microscale offers attractive advantages such as shorter processing times, low sample and reagent consumption and the possibility of portable systems with a high level of integration. Manipulation and analysis of biological particles is one of the fields that has been most benefited with the marriage of microfluidics and analytical sciences. Many of these applications require fast response methods able to handle/analyze high value biological products, in a gentle manner, without leading to cell damage or bioproduct denaturation.Important research efforts are being devoted to the development of analytical techniques that can be used with microfluidic devices. Electrokinetics, electric field driven techniques, such as electro-phoresis, electroosmosis and dielectrophoresis, are widely used in microfluidic devices, offering new ways to assess, manipulate and analyze bioparticles. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an electrokinetic

Professor blanca lapizco-encinas

Department of biomedical engineeringmicroscale bioseparations laboratoryrochester institute of Technology

“Novel strategies for particle manipulation with dielectrophoresis”

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transport mechanism driven by polarization effects when a dielectric particle is exposed to a spatially non-uniform electric field. DEP has great flexibility, since it can be used with charged and neutral particles employing AC or DC electric potentials. DEP offers more versatility than electrophoresis since it has the capability for significant particle enrichment, up to three orders of magnitude. DEP also offers means for effective continuous particle sorting. This work is focused on insulator based DEP (iDEP), a dielectrophoretic mode that uses insulating structures between two external electrodes to create electric field gradients and generate dielec-trophoretic forces on particles. This study includes experimental and mathematical modeling work. Particle mixtures, including biological cells, were separated and analyzed employing novel variations of iDEP. The results demonstrate that iDEP has great potential as a bioanalytical technique.

Biography:Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas is an associate professor in the Department Biomedical Engineering at the Rochester Institute of Technology. Her current research efforts are focused on the development of microscale electrokinetic techniques for the manipulation of bioparticles, from macromolecules to cells. Her main research objective is to develop electrokinetic-based microdevices that would answer the needs of many different applications, such as: cell assessment for clinical/biomedical applications and microorganism manipulation and detection for food safety and environmental monitoring. Her research work has been funded by the NSF and other funding agencies in the US and Mexico. Her research efforts have received awards from the Mexican Academy of Sciences and the L’OREAL for Women in Science program. The research findings obtained by her group have been presented in numerous international conferences. She serves as reviewer for various international Journals and has served as organizer and session chair for several conferences. She is a Deputy Editor for the Journal ELECTROPHORESIS and has served as Vice-President of the American Electrophoresis Society.

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Abstract:This presentation is focused on the mechanistic study of molecular transport through two types of nanopores, i.e., the nuclear pore complex (NPC) at the cell nucleus as well as the porous nanocrys-talline silicon (pnc-Si) membrane as the model of the nucleus membrane. A greater mechanistic understanding of molecular transport through the NPC has been urgently demanded in medicine, biology, chemistry, and nanoscience. The NPC solely and selectively controls the transport of both small molecules and macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell to regulate nucleus metabolism/signaling and gene expression, thereby being linked to many human diseases. Moreover, the NPC is crucial to realize efficient gene delivery to the nucleus for therapeutics and also serves as a model for the development of biomimetic transport systems for bioanalysis. In this presentation, I propose the novel hypothesis that the interior of the NPC is concentrically divided into peripheral and central routes by hydrophobic transport barriers to separately and efficiently transport proteins and RNAs, respectively. Significantly, I also hypothesize that the peripheral route is more loosely blocked by more flexible barriers to be more readily permeabilized, which enables the nuclear import of therapeutic macromolecules and nanomaterials for gene therapy and nanomedicine. These hypotheses are tested by electrochemically measuring the permeability of the nucleus membrane and comparing it with the permeability of the pnc-Si membrane. We employ scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and fluorescence microscopy to discover that the macromolecular permeability of the NPC can be controlled in a pathway-selective way by using small hydrophobic ions. Moreover, we demonstrate the high-resolution SECM imaging of molecular transport through single nanopores of the pnc-Si membrane.

Biography:Shigeru Amemiya is associate professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Pittsburgh.

Professor shigeru amemiya

department of chemistryuniversity of pittsburgh

“Nanoelectrochemical Study of Molecular Transport through Biological

and Artificial Nanopores”

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He earned his BS (1993) and PhD (1998) in chemistry from the University of Tokyo, Japan, and received a postdoctoral fellowship from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to work at the University of Tokyo and the University of Texas at Austin. Since he started his independent career in Pittsburgh in 2002, he has received an NSF Career Award and Research Innovation Award from Research Corporation. He is the author or coauthor of more than 70 scholarly papers and book chapters in electrochemistry. His research interests are electrochemical sensing and imaging for biological and material studies, including the development of nanoscale scanning electrochemical microscopy and ultrasensitive ion-selective electrodes.

Abstract:Porous membranes with characteristic ionic permeability have been utilized to make a variety of pumps. For example, membranes that permit water transport, while rejecting all ions, are key to making osmotic pumps. Membranes that permit both water and preferential ionic transport on the other hand, enables an electroosmotic mode of pumping. In this talk, the principles behind the induced pumping mechanism will be discussed. The key factors affecting their performance and versatility will also be covered. The emphasis will be given to the recent development of the redox pumps made by the ultrathin ion-exchange membranes.

Biography:Jirachai Getpreecharsawas is a postdoctoral associate at the Department of Biomedical Engineering at University of Rochester. He recently graduated with a PhD in Microsystems Engineering from Rochester Institute of Technology. He received a BS degree in Physics from Mahidol University, Thailand. His research interests include lab-on-a-chip, microfluidic systems, and nanotechnology for biomedical applications.

jirachai Getpreecharsawas, PhD

department of biomedical engineeringUniversity of rochester

“Porous membranes as pumps”

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The topic of this year’s annual RAMP symposium is “MEMS and Membranes”. Porous membranes are

used ubiquitously as filters, barriers, and interfaces. The advent of nanotechnology has provided new

materials and tools for the design of membranes that are far more precise and efficient than the conventional

haphazard assembly of polymers. The standard bearers for precision and efficiency however, remain

biological membranes which also self assemble, never clog, and can power themselves from environmental

resources. Nanomembrane technologies also face a steep scale-up challenge to create devices in sizes

that give useful throughput while being affordable to manufacture. This symposium will bring together a

group of leaders from around North America and the Rochester area to discuss the state-of-the art in

nanomembrane development and their potential for use in practical devices. The oral talks will follow the

“Gordon Conference” format, where a significant proportion of time is reserved for discussion and exchange

of ideas. Further, to stimulate conversation and networking, several posters from RAMP affiliates will be on

display in Munnerlyn Atrium. Posters can be viewed during coffee breaks and during the extended lunch.

ABOUT THE SYMPOSIUM

SYMPOSIUM CREDITS

James McGrath

Professor of Biomedical engineeringUniversity of Rochester

Event Coordinator. . . . . . . . . . .Gina Eagan Materials Science Program Administrative Assistant Web and Print Design. . . . . . . . . . .Yukako Ito

Kara bren

Professor of ChemistryUniversity of Rochester

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NOTES

This event is sponsored by the Rochester Advanced Materials Program (RAMP), Hajim School of Engineering & Applied Sciences,

and the School of Arts & Sciences. It is affiliated with the UR Integrated Nanosystems Center.

RAMP AnnualSymposium

2016