No Slide TitleSouthern Methodist University Fall 2003
EETS 8316/NTU CC745-N
Housekeeping
Duration one hour
Distant students can take it anytime before 12/17. Please contact your proctor immediately. The exam is available from 12/04.
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Outline
EDGE
Review, UMTS Architecture
CN Core Network
UE User Equipment
Review, UMTS reference model
Review, UMTS reference model
responsible for call state control functions, service switching function, address translation, vocoder negotiation to support VoIP
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Review, UTRAN Architecture
Review, Functions of UTRAN Components
RNC
Common control channels
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Review, Functions of UTRAN Components
Node B:
Logical node, maintains link with UE
Responsible for radio transmission for one or more cells, adds/removes radio links on demand,
Mapping logical resources to physical resources,
Upper inner loop power control,
Interconnecting UE from different manufacturers.
Similar to BTS function
Review, UTRAN Interfaces
Iur: Between various RNCs (ATM)
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UTRAN consists of
Transport Network Layer (standard technology: ATM)
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The UTRAN specific protocols include
Radio Access Network Application Part: Radio Network Signaling over the Iu.
Radio Network Subsystem Application Part: Radio Network Signaling over the Iur.
Iub interface uses node B application protocol (NBAP).
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Review, UTRAN Interfaces
RNC
RNC
Node
B
Node
B
Node
B
Iur
Iub
Iu
Review, UTRAN Interfaces
interconnection of equipment from different manufacturers,
allows Abis (GSM/GPRS transmission sharing),
transports DCH, RACH, FACH and DSCH data,
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EDGE
EGPRS = Enhanced General Packet Radio Services
EDGE is an enhancement to GPRS
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EDGE
Introduces concept of “Link Adaptation” in wireless for maximum throughput in variable radio conditions
The data rates are tripled. The magic is in introduction of 8-PSK modulation that can carry 3 bits per symbols
8-PSK = Octagonal Phase Shift Keying
EGPRS impact is mainly in RF and MAC
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GSM EDGE Radio Access Network
GERAN = GSM EDGE Radio Access Network
Motivation
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Requirements GERAN
Support of new IP multimedia services, Future proof
Alignment with UMTS/UTRAN service classes and QoS
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Requirements on GERAN ..
Support for COMPACT and VoIP/COMPACT
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GERAN
TE
GERAN
BSS
SGSNN
MT
R
Um
MSC
Iu-ps
Gb
Iu-cs
A
GERAN connects to PS CN through Iu-ps for R4 and R5 terminals (New protocols) and Gb for R97 and R99 terminals (LLC and SNDCP protocols)
GERAN connects to CS CN through Iu-cs or A
3G SGSN
SGSN Server
Modes! Flexible and future proof...
Preliminary proposal!
GRE, OVE, OVG etc. can be realized through combining different modes
What is our prio in Rel 2000?
Examples
GERAN Interfaces
LLC+RLC both ARQ protocols
IP instead of FR
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Delayed TBF Release
In bursty traffic, many call set up and release makes inefficient use of resources. By delaying release of TBF, and sending dummy LLC frames to mobile, the link is kept alive.
Network Assisted Cell Change (NACC)
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Delayed TBF Release
In bursty traffic, many call set up and release makes inefficient use of resources. By delaying release of TBF, and sending dummy LLC frames to mobile, the link is kept alive.
Network Assisted Cell Change (NACC)
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COMPACT System Concept
CPBCCH (Compact Packet BCCH) Transmits discontinuously ( at certain time).
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COMPACT System Concept
All Traffic and dedicated channels on the rest of TS are reuse 1/3.
Support for paging for TDMA/136 circuit switched.
Minimum deployment: 3 carriers, 0.6 MHz plus guard bands.
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EDGE Compact
There is a Base station synchronization concept in GSM
GSM BTS synch is used only on the traffic channels TCH that has FH in Fractional loading planning (FLP)to avoid Co-channel and adjacent channel interference in reuse 1/3 and smaller.
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Reuse 1/3
Compact
Evolution of 2G Cellular Technologies
IS-95B
CDMA
2G
3G
cdma2000
GSM
FDD
TDD
W-CDMA
GPRS
IS-136
TDMA
UWC-136
EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003
Quality of Service (QoS) is the ability of a network element (e.g. an application, host or router) to have some level of assurance that its traffic and service requirements can be satisfied.
Newer applications with multimedia content
Demands of convergence
More bandwidth ?
User perception of service quality can be translated to network flow parameters such as delay and delay variation.
Quality-of-Service: What, Why?
QoS perceived by the user must be end-to-end.
Parameters defining QoS of a flow must be fewer and simpler.
QoS definition must be compatible with all kinds of applications.
Must be able to quantify and enforce.
Guidelines for providing QoS to users
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EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003
QoS parameter control on peer to peer basis between mobile and 3G gateway node
UMTS QoS control mechanism should map applications QoS profile to UMTS services. Applications may be required to state their QoS requirement.
UMTS QoS capable services should work with other networking architectures.
Only finite set of QoS definitions supported.
UMTS-specific requirements (contd.)
Multiple traffic streams per session.
Lower overhead for QoS related operations; higher resource utilization.
Re-negotiation should be possible after QoS parameter values have been agreed upon - dynamic QoS.
User mobility should be supported in the QoS framework.
UMTS-specific requirements (contd.)
Traffic cases for QOS
Streaming
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Traffic cases for QOS
Background
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QoS attributes for Traffic Classes
Traffic Class
QoS Characteristics of UMTS Classes
Very important
less important
QoS supported
Useful Links
WAP
WAP goal is
Wireless network technology and bearer independence
Device independence
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WAP (cont)
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WAP (cont)
Small display
Limited memory
Limited keyboard
Benefits of WAP
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Key Features of WAP
Wireless technology applications framework
Lightweight protocol stack
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WAP Architecture
WAP Gateway/
WAP Protocols and Standards
WAP stack design goal
Optimize for short request-response transactions
Support wide range of wireless networks
Datagram is the most common transport service
Minimize number of packets sent over the air
Moving data around is expensive
Avoid resending same (static) information
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WAP Protocols and Standards (cont)
HTTP
TLS-SSL
UDP
IP
Wireless Datagram
Protocol (WDP)
WAP Protocols and Standards (cont)
Runs over wireless networks including GSM, SMS/USSD and IP networks
Has minimal requirements on bandwidth and CPU power
Is based on HTTP/1.1 with necessary enhancement
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Wireless Application Environment (WAE)
Wireless markup language (WML)
Lightweight markup language similar to HTML. Optimized for hand-held mobile devices
WML script
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Wireless Application Environment (WAE)
A framework and programming interface for telephony services
Wireless BitMaP (WBMP)
Traffic Class Conversa-