THE CHILD VS THE FORESTEnvironmental Identity in Jacob and Wilhelm Grimms’ “Hänsel &

Grethel”, “Little Snow White” and “Little Red-cap.”

Crane, Walter. Red Riding Hood. 1875. Sur La Lune. Web. 31 January 2014 Leutemann, Heinrich and Offterdinge, Carl n.d. Maia Chance. Web. 31 January 2014

Rackham, Arthur. Hansel and Gretel. 1909 ABC Classic FM. Web. 31 January 2014

Monday, 5 May 14

E N V I R O N M E N T A LIDENTITY

Environmental identity allows an individual to form a self-concept: “a sense of connection to some part of the nonhuman natural environment, based on history, emotional attachment, and/or similarity that affects the way in which we perceive

and act toward the world” (Clayton 45-6).N.A Little Red Riding Hood Silhouette, 2013. bigmako.deviantart.com Web. 31 January 2014.

Monday, 5 May 14

I N D U S T R Y

“ … many parts … are well wooded, and adorned with a great number of beautiful

seats and villas; but we are sorry to observe such immense tracts of open heath, and

uncultivated land, which strongly indicate the want of means, or inclination to improve

it, and often reminds the traveller of uncivilized nations, where nature pursues her own

course, without the assistance of human art. “

(Griffin 142)

N.A. Silhouette of a nuclear power plant. 2003-14. Shutterstock.com Web. 31 January 2014.

Monday, 5 May 14

Margaret Hunt

Margaret Hunt’s collection is widely

perceived as ideal for academic

discourse as it is the most definitive

edition collated during nineteenth-

century England. It contains over two

hundred tales from the Grimms’

Kinder- und Hausmärchen as well as ten

religious stories for children.

(Kyritsi 28)

The Brothers Grimm

N.A Margaret Raine. N.D Queenslandfamilytrees.com Web. 31 January 2014.

Grimm, Ludwig Emil. Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm. 1843. Wikipedia. Web. 31 January 2014.Monday, 5 May 14

Crane, Walter. Little Red Riding Hood. 1875. Sur La Lune. Web. 31 January 2014Monday, 5 May 14

“See, Little Red-Cap, how pretty the flowers are

about here–why do you not look round? I

believe, too, that you do not hear how sweetly

the little birds are singing; you walk gravely

along as if you were going to school, while

everything else out here in the wood is merry.”

Little Red-Cap raised her eyes, and … she saw

the sunbeams dancing here and there through

the trees, and pretty flowers growing

everywhere … and so she ran from the path

into the wood to look for flowers. And

whenever she had picked one, she fancied that

she saw a still prettier one farther on, and ran

after it, and so got deeper and deeper into the

wood. (Grimm 111)

Crane, Walter. Little Red Riding Hood. 1875. Sur La Lune. Web. 31 January 2014Monday, 5 May 14

The landscape provides the setting which enables the protagonist to

succeed in this endeavor. If Little Red Cap had not engaged more fully in the natural landscape … gathering

beautiful flowers, there would be no story; she would have remained the “little” darling of the village with an external identity (Red Cap) assigned

to her by her milieu. (197).

Crane, Walter. Household Stories from the Collection of the Bros: Grimm. 1886. Chawedrosin.wordpress.com Web. 31 January 2014.

Doré, Gustave Little Red Riding Hood. 1867. Sur La Lune. Web. 31 January 2014.

Jacomb Hood, G.P. Little Red Riding Hood. 1889. Sur La Lune. Web. 31 January 2014.

Wehnert, Edward H. Little Red-Cap. 1869. Internet Archive. Web. 31 January 2014.

Red-Cap’s Forest

Monday, 5 May 14

The “Wolf”

to th

e

anchored

fo

res

t im

ag

e

“The grandmother lived out in the wood, half a league from the

village, and just as Little Red-Cap entered the wood, a wolf met her.”

(Grimm 110-1 [my emphasis])

Kelly. Howling Wolf Head Silhouette Clip Art. 2012. Clker.com Web. 31 January 2014.Monday, 5 May 14

• In his work on German legal antiquities, Jacob Grimm

wrote: “Wargus, however, signifies wolf and robber

because the banished criminal becomes a resident of

the forest, just like a predatory animal, and may be

hunted, just like a wolf” (qtd in Mueller 224)

• “Outlawing the human convict gave him the status of

wolf. Banned from the campfire, he had to live like

the four-legged wolf in the dreaded forest, there to

die or to be killed. It is this two-legged wolf that we

see tromping around the fairy tales.” (Mueller 225)

Monday, 5 May 14

“What big ears you have!”“What big eyes you have!”

“What large hands you have!”“What a terrible big mouth you have!”

Rakham, Arthur. Little Red Riding Hood. 1909. Sur La Lune. Web. 31 January 2013

Monday, 5 May 14

Little

SnowWHIT

E

JustJDesigns Snow White Silhouette. 2007-14. RedBubble.com Web. January 31 2014Monday, 5 May 14

“But now the poor child was all alone in the great forest, and so terrified that she looked at every leaf of every tree, and did not know what to do. Then she began to

run, and ran over sharp stones and through thorns, and the wild beasts ran past

her, but did her no harm.” (Grimm 208)

Snow White and the Forest

Harbour, Jennie. Snowdrop 1921. Sur La Lune. Web. 31 January 2014

Monday, 5 May 14

Snow White “unbolt[ed] the door” (211), “let[s] herself be beguiled, and

opened the door” (212) and opens a window pane to place “her head out the

window” to grasp the infamous poisoned apple (213). It is only within the

vicinity of the cabin that her trauma transpires.

“The forest is safe and secure ... the human world means danger.” (Murray & Heumann 69)

Jüttner, Franz. Snow White. 1905. polarbearstale.blogspot.com Web. 31 January 2014Crane, Walter. Snowdrop. 1886. Sur La Lune. Web. 31 January 2014.

Leutemann, Heinrich and Offterdinge Carl n.d. Maia Chance. Web. 31 January 2014

Monday, 5 May 14

HÄNSEL & GRETHEL

N.A. Hansel and Gretel and Witch Silhouettes. 2013. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 31 January 2014.

Monday, 5 May 14

Robinson, Charles. Hansel and Gretel. 1911. Sur La Lune. Web. 31 January 2014

When they had walked for two hours, they came to a great piece of water. “We cannot get over,” said Hänsel, … [though Grethel answered], “but a white duck is

swimming there ; if I ask her, she will help us over” (68)

Grethel wept bitter tears, and said to Hänsel, “Now all is over with us.” “Be quiet, Grethel,” said Hänsel, “do not distress thyself. I will soon find a way to help us.” (Grimm 62)

… Hänsel comforted his little

sister and said, “Just wait,

Grethel, until the moon rises, and

then we shall see the crumbs of

bread which I have strewn about,

they will show us the way home

again.” (65).

Grethel asHeroine

Leutemann, Heinrich and Offterdinger, Carl. Hansel and Gretel. N.D. Earthpages.wordpress.com Web. 31 January 2014.

Monday, 5 May 14

Grethel as Heroine

Ford, H J. Hansel and Gretel. 1889. Sur La Lune. Web. 31 January 2014.

Rackham, Arthur Hansel and Gretel.1909. Sur La Lune. Web. 31 January 2014

Willcox Smith, Jessie. Hansel and Gretel. 1911 talesoffaerie.blogspot.com.au Web. 31 January 2014.

Willcox Smith, Jessie. Hansel and Gretel. 1911. Sur La Lune. Web. 31 January 2014.

Rackham, Arthur Hansel and Gretel.1909. Sur La Lune. Web. 31 January 2014

Ford, H J. Hansel and Gretel. 1889. Sur La Lune. Web. 31 January 2014.

Monday, 5 May 14

Willcox Smith, Jessie. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. 1911. Sur La Lune. Web. 31 January 2014.

Franklin Betts, Ethel. Hansel and Gretel. 1917. Sur La Lune. Web. 31 January 2014.

Once upon a time...

Goble, Warwick. Little Red Riding Hood. 1913. Sur La Lune. Web. 31 January 2014.

Monday, 5 May 14

Thank you

Monday, 5 May 14

• Addison, Catherine. “Terror, Error or Refuge: Forests in Western Literature.” Alternation.

14.2 (2007) 116-136. Alternation Journal. Web. 18 January 2014.

• Bettelheim, Bruno. The Uses of Enchantment. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd, 1976. Print.

• Clayton, Susan. “Environmental Identity: A Conceptual and an Operational Definition.”

Identity and the Natural Environment: The Psychological Significance of Nature. Eds. Susan

Clayton & Susan Opotow. Massachusetts: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology,

2003. 45-66. Print.

• Clayton, Susan & Opotow, Susan. “Introduction: Identity and the Natural Environment.”

Identity and the Natural Environment: The Psychological Significance of Nature. Eds. Susan

Clayton & Susan Opotow. Massachusetts: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology,

2003. 1-24. Print.

• Griffin, Carl J. “Space and Place – Popular Perceptions of Forests.” New Perspectives on

People and Forests. Eds. Eva Ritter & Dainis Dauksta. Dordrecht: Springer, 2011. 139-158.

Springer. Web. 5 January 2014.

• Heumann, Joseph K. & Murray, Robin L. That’s All Folks? Ecocritical Readings of American

Animated Features. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011. Print.

• Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. “Hänsel and Grethel.” Grimm’s Household Tales. Trans. Margaret

Hunt. London: George Bell and Sons. Vol. 1. 1884. (page number here) Open Library. Web.

18 November 2013.

• Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. “Little Snow White.” Grimm’s Household Tales. Trans. Margaret

Hunt. London: George Bell and Sons. Vol. 1. 1884. (page number here) Open Library. Web.

18 November 2013.

• Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. “Little Red-Cap.” Grimm’s Household Tales.

Trans. Margaret Hunt. London: George Bell and Sons. Vol. 1. 1884. (page

number here) Open Library. Web. 18 November 2013.

• Jones, Owain. “Materiality and Identity – Forests, Trees and Senses of

Belonging.” New Perspectives on People and Forests. Eds. Eva Ritter & Dainis

Dauksta. Dordrecht: Springer, 2011. 159-178. Springer. Web. 5 January 2014.

• Kessel, Anthony. Air, the Environment and Public Health. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 2006. Google Book Search. Web. 18 January

2014.

• Kyritsi, Maria-Venetia. "The Untranslated Grimms Kinder- Und

Hausmärchen. Tales of Violence and Terror." New Review of Children's

Literature and Librarianship 10.1 (2004): 27-40. Taylor & Francis Online. Web.

2 May 2013.

• Meck, Margo. Identity and Landscape: A Panoramic View of Correlation. Diss.

Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2007. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Web. 12

October 2013.

• Mueller, Gerhard O.W. “The Criminological Significance of the Grimms’

Fairy Tales.” Fairy Tales and Society: Illusion, Allusion and Paradigm. Ed. Ruth B.

Bottigheimer. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986. Print.

• Wilmot, Sarah. “Pollution and Public Concern: The Response of the

Chemical Industry in Britain to Emerging Environmental Issues,

1860-1901.” The Chemical Industry in Europe 1850-1914: Industrial Growth,

Pollution, and Professionalization. Eds. Ernst Homburg, Anthony S. Travis &

Harm G. Schröter. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.

121-148. Google Book Search. Web. 22 January 2014.

References

Monday, 5 May 14