RA 9003

Policy Implementation of RA 9003 A Case Study on the Evaluation of

Solid Waste Management in Barangay Lahug

________________________________________________________

University of the Philippines Visayas

Cebu College

Lahug Cebu City

________________________________________________________

A Research Proposal submitted to the

Social Sciences Division

In Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirements

for Political Science 189

_______________________________________________________

Researchers

Bulay-og Levi Faith

Fuentes Wesley

Melicor Joreyna Mae

Pescadero Cris Virgil

Quijano Joshua

Sayson Gerlyn Mae

Tumulak Karla Marie

_______________________________________________________

Adviser

Prof Zenaida Dantildeo Ligan

30 September 2010

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

I CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 1

RATIONALE 2

OBJECTIVES 3

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 4

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS 5

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 5

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 6

DEFINITION OF TERMS 7

METHODOLOGY 9

II CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 10

III CHAPTER THREE

PRESENTATION INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

PROFILE OF BARANGGAY LAHUG 13

ADOPTION OF RA 9003 AND CITY ORDINANCE 13

VOLUME AND CHARACTERIZATION 15

COLLECTION AND TRANSFER 16

SEGREGATION PRACTICES 17

MATERIALS RECOVERY FACILITY 18

RECYCLING AND SOURCE REDUCTION 19

DATA ANALYSIS 20

IMPLEMENTATION IN THE BARANGGAY LEVEL 22

EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT 23

IV CHAPTER THREE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

CONCLUSION 25

RECOMMENDATION 25

V REFERENCES

VI APPENDICES

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The implementation of RA 9003 or the Solid Waste Management Act of 2001 provided

the necessary framework and institutional mechanisms for the proper treatment of waste and

waste disposal The law sets the appropriate guidelines for waste minimization and introduction

of proper treatment measures (ie segregation transport collection disposal recycling

procedures) enhanced through the promotion of national research and development programs

As provided in the law together with the creation of the National Solid Waste

Management Commission is the creation of Local Government Solid Waste Management Plan

which is strategically and geographically enforced in the local government units (LGUs) for the

implementation of safe and sanitary management plans for solid waste treatment in the

respective areas

The study looked into the Local Government Solid Waste Management Plan of Barangay

Lahug in Cebu City and provided assessment of its solid waste management plan in

accordance to the guidelines stipulated in RA 9003 The case study scrutinized the solid waste

management strategy implemented in Barangay Lahug and examined the effectiveness of the

waste management plan in terms of waste treatment and minimization of waste generated in the

barangay

Statement of the Problem

The research problem is concerned on the following questions How did Barangay Lahug

adopt the institutional mechanisms provided in RA 9003 Does Barangay Lahug have a solid

waste management plan which is in accordance with the guidelines stipulated in RA 9003 and

its local ordinances How effective is the barangay in terms of complying with the rules and

guidelines of RA 9003 and of the local ordinances

Further the study aimed to answer the following specific questions

1 What is the profile of Barangay Lahug in terms of

11 Land Area

12 Demographics (ie population density no of households socio-economic

status and population)

13 Industries present

14 Barangay ordinances which are related to RA 9003 and

1 | S o l i d W a s t e M a n a g e m e n t B a r a n g g a y L a h u g

15 Budget Allocation

2 What is the waste characterization of Barangay Lahug in terms of

21 Volume of waste collected and

22 Classification of waste collected

3 How does the barangay collect and transfer its wastes as presented through the

31 Sources of waste

32 Schedule of waste collection

33 Presence of landfillsdumpsites and their location

34 Means of collection and

35 Resources (Garbage Collection Facilities)

4 What are the practices of waste segregation in the barangay especially in

41 Households

5 Is there a Material Recovery Facility (MRF) in the barangay If so what are the

51 Means of processing waste

6 Does the barangay engage in recycling their wastes If so what are the

61 Means of recycling waste and

62 Incentives from recycling waste

7 How does the barangay reduce its wastes as presented through the

71 Means of source reduction and

72 Incentives for source reduction

Rationale

The problem of waste is an ecological concern and should not be taken for granted

Various environmental problems arise from improper waste disposal and inappropriate

treatment of waste could exacerbate the waste problem and have a major bearing on the health

impacts of residents living near landfills dumpsites or other waste treatment facilities

As students of environmental politics and policy the researchers recognize waste as a

major environmental concern which should be properly addressed by government authorities to

ensure the protection of public health and the environment The choice of research locale is

primarily due to its strategic vicinity and accessibility for the researchers to conduct the study

given the barangayrsquos convenient distance from the school Also the researchers believe that

this study can contribute to the immediate community to which the school belongs

RA 9003 is an important governmental mechanism to be sought to and evaluated in the

assessment of the local governmentrsquos solid waste management system According to the


Philippine Commission on Audit Republic Act 9003 otherwise known as The Ecological Solid

Wastes Management of 2000 is one of the environmental laws implanted by the Environmental

Management Bureau (EMB) of the Philippines as a line bureau of the Department of

Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) The Act provides ldquofor an ecological solid waste

management program [creates] the necessary institutional mechanisms and incentives

[declares] certain acts prohibited and [provides] penalties [appropriates] funds therefore and

for other purposes (2005)rdquo The assessment of the LGUrsquos compliance to the environmental law

(ie barangay Lahugrsquos adoption of RA 9003 through their local ordinances and its

implementation process) is essential in determining the initiatives of the LGU to address solid

waste problem and evaluating the governmentrsquos dedication to environmental protection

Proper waste management is important and the assessment of the solid waste

management in Barangay Lahug can help in evaluating the effectiveness of the Local

Government Solid Waste Management Plan in promoting and ensuring environmental practice

on waste management Furthermore the case study could provide recommendations for better

implementation of the solid waste management plan of the barangay to foster a healthier and

less wasteful community

Objectives

The study focused on providing an assessment of the solid waste management plan of

Barangay Lahug in accordance with RA 9003 The study sought to determine the effectiveness

of the solid waste management plan of the barangay in terms of reducing waste and its

treatment Further it aimed to achieve the following

1 To provide a profile of Barangay Lahug

2 To determine the volume and classification of waste collected in the barangay

3 To identify the means and sources in the collection and transfer of wastes

4 To identify the segregation practices done by the households in the barangay

5 To determine the availability of an MRF in the barangay and its means of processing

wastes

6 To identify the waste recycling practices in the barangay and the probable incentives from

them

7 To determine the means and incentives of source reduction in the barangay


Significance of the Study

Solid Waste Management is one of the many problems faced by the Philippines in the

present generation The presence of the Republic Act 9003 or the Solid Waste Management Act

of 2001 became a good venue to study different Local Government Units in their efforts for Solid

Waste Management for the reduction of wastes

The study on Barangay Lahugrsquos solid waste management is significant to the students

Local Government Units lawmakers and the barangay itself

It is important because provided them with knowledge on whether Lahug adopted the

solid waste management properly It provided for the assessment of the baranggay in the said

implementation The study served as a source of information to the students and help raise

awareness of the efforts present in their community especially those concerning the

environment Moreover it provided for knowledge needed to reduce waste in the environment

Likewise the study is significant to Local Government Units (LGUs) especially to those

LGUs which encountered difficulties in managing their solid waste The study can be their guide

in their own adoption and creation of their own program of action about solid waste

management

It is also significant to the lawmakers so that they can pass future laws concerning the

environment further addressing the problem of waste management in the country The study

could supplement relevant information to the lawmakers in the assessment of whether the RA

9003 is strong enough to solve the problems of solid waste management This study can also

be used as reference in strengthening the current law

Moreover the study is significant to Barangay Lahug since it served as reference for the

assessment of efforts in promoting solid waste management It also recommended actions for

the strengthening of the current actions undertaken in the locale It can serve as reference in

promoting the development of their community in managing their solid waste since the study is

an evaluation of the current efforts undertaken by the baranggay

Lastly it is important to the researchers because proved as to the extent and strength of

the RA 9003 as a law It also presented the active participation of the LGUrsquos in adopting the law

in fulfilling their job in addressing their problem of solid waste management The study gave the

researchers better understanding to the actions of LGU in addressing their problem of solid

waste


Scope and Limitations

The study aimed to know whether RA 9003 was adopted by the LGUrsquos in the efforts on

solid waste management It served as an evaluation of the progress of the LGUrsquos regarding the

solid waste management currently practiced by the community

The study presented the progress and the development of the chosen LGU in their

management of their solid waste

The study is limited to Barangay Lahug It covered the implementation of the solid waste

management plan of Barangay Lahug and the segregationrecycling practices done by selected

number of households in the barangay It focused on the solid waste management of the

barangay and their means of collection and waste reduction The research is only a case study

and only an evaluation of the barangayrsquos solid waste management The evaluation also included

the ordinances implemented by the barangay transfer and collection of waste and the possible

means of waste reduction and recycling processes undertaken by the barangay The study did

not include the waste segregationrecycling practices of the different industries and

establishments present in Barangay Lahug

On the evaluation the researchers used the RA 9003 provisions and the measurement

acknowledge by the whole PS 189 class such as (transfer and collection waste reduction

demographics waste segregation)

Theoretical Framework

The following theories served as the framework of the study in evaluating the

effectiveness of the solid waste management plan of the chosen barangay in accordance to the

rules and guidelines set in RA 9003

The Structural-Functionalist theory emphasizes on the functional aspects of the

structures and institutions in the political system Efficiency and effectiveness of policy

implementation is determined through the performance of its designated function Almond and

Powell suggested that the physical social and economic environment influences these

structures in the political system This approach tackles on the institutions and structure within a

political system which include political parties bureaucracy local governments etc Almond

and Powell suggested that these structures perform different functions which in turn contribute

and affects the society as a whole

The Structural-Functionalist approach can be used in looking at the interplay of the

processes involved in the implementation of a certain policy and how the institutions in the


political system carry out these processes Likewise this theoretical approach can serve as a

framework for the assessment of Barangay Lahugrsquos implementation of their solid waste

management plan as provided by their local ordinances juxtaposed to the guidelines stipulated

in RA 9003 Also the theoretical approach can be used as the lens to understand how the

institutions of the LGU (ie Barangay Lahug) carry out the provisions contained in their solid

waste management plan in accordance with RA 9003

The Integrated Sustainable Waste Management Framework is also an important

framework in assessing waste management systems The former consists of three dimensions

(1) stakeholders (everyone who has stake or interest in the current waste management system

(2) waste system elements (includes the operational elements from generation to disposal) and

(3) sustainability aspects (includes the technical social political environment and financial-

economic) This framework will serve as foundation for the assessment of the effectiveness of

the local ordinances in Barangay Lahug in line with the provisions of the RA 9003 so as the

practice of the households and industries in line with the provisions in the ordinances

Conceptual Framework

The above framework assessed the implementation of the RA 9003 in Baranggay Lahug

manifested through the local ordinances in the baranggay Structural Functionalism theory gives

emphasis on the functional aspects of a structure in a given system The importance of


structures such as local governments like baranggays and cities were assessed as to the

functions they perform in line with the implementation of the RA 9003 More so it assessed the

enforcement actions of the departments of the baranggays in line with its ordinances Lastly

the assessment of the implementation was based on the practice of the residents and industries

in the baranggay

This framework helped in the evaluation of the effectiveness of the ordinances present in

Baranggay Lahug The evaluation was based on three criterion stakeholders waste system

elements and sustainability This is based on the Sustainable Waste Management Framework

as provided for in the theoretical framework

Definition of Terms

Biodegradable waste - refers to waste materials that can be

decomposed by microorganismsEcological solid waste management -shall refer to the systematic administration of

activities which provide for segregation at

source segregated transportation

storage transfer processing treatment

and disposal of solid waste and all other

waste management activities which do

not harm the environmentHazardous wastes - refer to solid wastes or combination of solid

waste which because of its quantity

concentration or physical chemical or infectious

characteristics may cause or significantly


contribute to an increase in mortality or an

increase in serious irreversible or incapacitating

reversible illness or pose substantial present or

potential hazard to human health or the

environment when improperly treated stored

transported or disposed of or otherwise managedNon- biodegradable waste -refer to waste materials that cannot be

decomposed by microorganismRecyclable waste -shall refer to any waste material retrieved

from the waste stream and free from

contamination that can be still converted

into suitable beneficial use or for other

purposesSolid waste -refer to all discarded household commercial

waste non- hazardous institutional and

industrial waste street sweepings

construction debris and other non-

hazardous non- toxic wasteSource reduction -Source reduction also known as waste

prevention or pollution prevention is the

elimination of waste before it is

created It involves the design

manufacture purchase or use of

materials and products to reduce the

amount or toxicity of what is thrown

away Waste segregation -refers to sorting and segregation of different

materials found in solid waste in order to promote

recycling and reuse of resources and to reduce

the volume of waste for collection and disposal


Methodology

The study is qualitative and quantitative in nature The qualitative aspect of the study dwelt

on the assessment of the Solid Waste Management in Baranggay Lahug on the framework of

the Republic Act 9003 or the Solid Waste Management Act The assessment is based on the

local ordinances currently implemented on the baranggay More so the quantitative aspect of

the study which is to gather data regarding the implementation and enforcement of the

ordinances dealt on the practices of the households with regards to their waste segregation and

recycling processes in the baranggay Surveys on the households were done to evaluate the

enforcement of the ordinances of the baranggay and the different responses to the

implementation of the ordinances A total of 100 households from the present household

population in the barangay were chosen as respondents for the survey

The study used a survey instrument (ie questionnaire) which comprised of a set of

questions dealing on the waste segregation and recycling practices as well as the awareness of

the residents about the ordinances implemented in the barangay with regards to solid waste

management

The data sources of the study comprised of primary and secondary sources The secondary

sources included copies of the ordinances of Baranggay Lahug and the copy of the RA 9003

The copies of the ordinances gave the researchers a background through which the status of

Solid Waste Management in Barangay Lahug was assessed The ordinances provided for the

preliminary assessment of the Solid Waste Management of the baranggay The primary source

of the study included a series of surveys and interviews among the residents of Baranggay

Lahug The data gathered served as assessment on the current situation of the baranggay The

data gathered provided the assessment of the implementation and enforcement of the

baranggay on the perspective of the residents in the barangay


Chapter II

REVIEW of RELATED LITERATURE

Upon the implementation of the Republic Act 9003 in 2000 various local

governments have adopted and integrated the law into local laws and ordinances RA 9003

provided the framework as to the Solid Waste Management Plans in various LGUs in the

country In line with the implementation of the RA 9003 various researches and reports are

published regarding the assessment of the implementation of the Republic Act in the local

governments These studies range from the assessment of the local governments in their

implementation of the RA 9003 to the challenges and mechanisms of solid waste management

in the Philippines

Richie Grace Lago of Liceo de Cagayan University studied on the Solid Waste

Management system in Bayabas Cagayan de Oro City Her study entitled ldquoSolid Waste

Management Needs of a Suburban Communityrdquo studied the terms of handling storage

collection transfer and transport processing and disposal of solid waste in the said community

In the abstract of her study she indicated baranggay officials baranggay workers and

baranggay residents as the respondents of the study She measured on the respondentsrsquo

awareness of the Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000

and the initiation of the LGU in the implementation of the said Republic Act The researcher

concluded that the respondents have moderate awareness of the RA 9003 and that this level of

awareness led to the low cooperation in the LGUs in terms of the implementation of the

Republic Act She also concluded that this moderate level of awareness ldquodiscloses a community

interest in adopting the introduced solid waste management systemrdquo Moreover the assessment

of the respondents on the Republic Act 9003 depended on their level of awareness of the

Republic Act and the perceived importance of the Materials Recovery Facility Lastly the

researcher concluded that the baranggay should take the lead on the implementation and

support of the Republic Act 9003 which will in return affect the receptiveness of the

respondents to the said Act

Francis Paulo M Quinarsquos study on ldquoWasting Away The challenges of solid waste

management in the Philippinesrdquo a study posted on the UP Forum tackled on the situation of

solid waste management in the country The researcher presented the current deplorable state

of the Philippines in terms of waste especially on landfills and dumpsites The researcher talked

on the current law managing the solid waste management in the country and the urban planning

and renewal The study imparts on the poor urban planning that led to the current solid waste


management problem especially in Manila The study stated ldquoto begin with poor urban

planning and its inadequate implementation in Metro Manila have contributed significantly to the

solid waste problemrdquo It also presented the current situation of the LGUs which acknowledges

the sector of tourism thus reducing the impacts of the community on the environment mainly

caused by the wastes generated in the households and industries The study assessed on the

role of the Filipino individuals to the segregation of waste saying that ldquomost Filipino households

donrsquot even bother to segregate their solid waste Because of this there is a pressing need for

Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) in communities across the country These facilities process

solid waste to recover recyclable and reusable materials not only greatly reducing the volume

of solid waste but also generating revenue for the LGUsrdquo

William H O Streegan assessed on the compliance of Bacolod City to the RA 9003

The researcher presented facts on the current situation of Bacolod City including the fact that

waste management problems as a major pillar in the flooding of Bacolod City The researcher

also presented the current situation of Baranggay Felisa as the cityrsquos illegal open dump where a

sanitary landfill is proposed to be situated The researcher assessed Bacolod City into five

conclusions First ldquothe Bacolod City Government did not comply with the guidelines and

deadlines of RA 9003 and therefore the National Solid Waste Management Commissionrdquo

Second the City Government failed to address the DENRrsquos request to establish a sanitary

landfill Third the City Government did not heed the call to close illegal open dumpsite in

Baranggay Felisa Fourth that the City Government could be subjected to criminal sanctions as

a result of non-compliance to RA 9003 Lastly the City Government continued to operate the

illegal dumpsite in Brgy Felisa As a whole the researcher stated that ldquoit is imperative that the

City should be more serious about the implementation of RA 9003 and should fasttrack its

information drive on this law so that the citizenry could become more aware of its provisions It

is equally imperative that the citizenry either in their homes or in their workplaces should

implement proper waste segregation so that the City could comply with its agreement with the

DENRrdquo

Another related study is Jessie Todocrsquos ldquoDecentralized Solid Waste Management In

The Philippinesrdquo which sought to analyze the framework of Solid Waste Management in the

Philippines The study also aimed to ldquoformulate strategies for its replication in the country and

among local government members of the Kitakyushu Initiative Networkrdquo The study tackled on

four baranggays and villages in the country which assessed the compliance of Local

Government Units to the Republic Act 9003 It further scrutinized on the budget allotment

disposal facilities and sanitary landfills of the LGUs


The book entitled ldquoThe Garbage Book Opportunities for Changerdquo assessed the

implementation of the RA 9003 at the baranggay level It states that ldquowhile the extent of formal

recycling through local government initiatives has been limited informal and private sector

recycling is extensive at all points from waste generation through to final disposal Scavenging

forms a significant element of this activityrdquo It is found out that an insignificant amount of 10 of

waste is only recycled More so it assessed that ldquocommunity-based initiatives involve waste

segregation at source recycling and composting Programs have been attempted in many

barangays throughout Metro Manilamdashsome have succeeded others have failed for one reason

or another Leadership is the key factor in successful programs In most cases the initiative is

led by the Barangay Captain or nongovernment organization aligned with the zerowaste

movementrdquo

With the signing of RA 9003 into law a challenge is posed for the local governments

to implement the provisions of the republic act into local laws and ordinances Various local

governments have adopted and have implemented the RA 9003 into local ordinances but the

challenge comes with putting right sanctions to the violators of the law The assessment

provided for by the different researchers suggests that despite the presence of local ordinances

there is still much to be done


Chapter III

PRESENTATION INTERPRETATION and ANALYSIS OF DATA

Profile of Barangay Lahug

Barangay Lahug stands as one of the active barangays in Cebu City and at the same

time has been considered as a prospect to be the ldquoMakati of the Southrdquo which has an

estimated total population of 50 000 a total household population of 40 000 and is composed

of 44 sitios The land boundaries of Barangay Lahug are Barangay Kasambagan and

Barangay Apas in the North Barangay Camputhaw in the South Barangay Luz East and

Barangay Kalunasan in the West (see Appendix 3 Baranggay Map)

With a total land area of 443 hectares Barangay Lahug opened avenues for the

development of various business and industrial establishments that importantly include

Waterfront Hotel and Casino Asia Town IT Park Cebu Grand Convention Cebu City Civic

Trade Center Cebu Parklane International Hotel and Cebu Marco Polo Plaza Hotel The

globally operating car dealersmdashHonda Motor and Fordmdashhave established their offices in

Lahug Included in the important landmarks of Lahug are the University of the Philippines

University of Southern Philippines JY Square Mall and the long established Beverly Hills

subdivision

In addition there are various religious and educational establishments in Barangay

Lahug According to the record of the barangay there are in fact six (6) Day Care Centers in

the area Churches and temples are also conspicuous in the barangay including St Therese

Parish Church Taoist Temple Phu Sian Temple and Heavenly Temple (see Appendix 4

Baranggay Profile)

With regard to how the barangay manages its people and the social matters that

concern the latter Barangay Lahug allocated half of its annual budgetmdashwhich amounts to

P13Mmdashto general services that aides to sanitation and the environment Part of the barangay

services for sanitation and the environment is its Solid Waste Management anchored on

Republic Act 9003 and City Ordinance 1361 and 2031 which Barangay Lahug adopted

Baranggay Lahugrsquos Adoption of RA 9003 and City Ordinances

RA 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 gives the Local

Government Units the initiative on the creation of Local Ordinances pertaining to the

segregation and treatment of solid wastes in the locality In Section 16 of the RA 9003 LGUs


ldquothrough its local solid waste management boards shall prepare its respective 10-year solid

waste management plans consistent with the national solid waste management frameworkrdquo

Section 10 of the RA 9003 defines the role of LGUs in Solid Waste Management It states

that

ldquoPursuant to the relevant provisions of RA No 7160 otherwise known as the

Local government code the LGUs shall be primarily responsible for the

implementation and enforcement of the provisions of this Act within their

respective jurisdictions

Segregation and collection of solid waste shall be conducted at the barangay

level specifically for biodegradable compostable and reusable wastes Provided

That the collection of non-recyclable materials and special wastes shall be the

responsibility of the municipality or cityrdquo

The Cebu City Government implemented the RA 9003 through the City Ordinance No

2031 entitled ldquoAn Ordinance For The Implementation of Solid Waste Segregation At Source

Providing Penalties for Violations Thereof and the Creation of a Special Fund for Incentives

which seeks to answer the specific concerns on treatment and segregation of solid wastes in

Cebu City rdquo (see Appendix 1 Cebu City Ordinance 2031) As a component baranggay Lahug

boasts the adoption of the City Ordinance 2031 applying its provisions to its constituents

Baranggay Lahug also adopted the City Ordinance 1361 which seeks to ldquoestablish a system of

garbage collection imposing fees therefore and expropriating funds and for other related

purposesrdquo (see Appendix 2 City Ordinance 1361)

Mrs Emper Capili Baranggay Lahug Focal Person said ldquowe have implemented the City

Ordinance 2031 Naa mi mga pulong-pulong ug mga signage para makabalo ang mga tao

especially sa mga sitio (We have meetings and signage to educate the constituents especially

in the sitios)rdquo She further said that the provisions of RA 9003 and its adoption into a local

ordinance were their bases as to the signs and warnings that they have been posting around

the baranggay City Ordinance 2031 penalizes an individual or group of fines fees and

community service should the city ordinance is violated Moreover Councilor Jovito Taborada

the Chairman of Health and Sanitation in Baranggay Lahug said that the baranggay also

adopted the City Ordinance 1361 which pertains to the collection of garbage in the baranggay

Like Mrs Capili he said that their constituents are informed of the ordinances through a

scheduled pulong-pulong (meetings) with the constituents especially in the sitios

Councilor Taborada said that 50 of the baranggayrsquos annual budget goes to general

services which includes the health and sanitation in the baranggay Baranggay Lahugrsquos annual


appropriation is thirteen million pesos with the general services constituting the largest chuck of

this amount Section 14 of the City Ordinance 2031 cites the appropriation for Solid Waste

Management plans It states that ldquofor the initial operating expenses for the enforcement of this

ordinance the sum of five hundred thousand pesos is hereby appropriated out of the General

Funds of the Government of Cebu not otherwise appropriated Thereafter such sums as may

be necessary to carry out its purpose shall be taken from the garbage fees collection of the city

under its Special fund Actrdquo Mrs Capili and Councilor Taborada however did not specify their

sources of fund for the adoption and implementation of the ordinance in the baranggay Mrs

Capili said that the baranggay provided for the fund needed to procure the garbage trucks used

for the collection within the baranggay These garbage trucks operate daily to collect the waste

of the baranggay Councilor Taborada moreover said that the maintenance of these trucks cost

much and consumes a big portion of the budget

Volume and Characterization of Waste

Section 4 of the City Ordinance 2031 provided for the Waste Classification of all solid

wastes generated in the locale It classified solid wastes into five major groups (a)

biodegradablecompostable wastes (b) non-biodegradable wastes (c) reusablerecyclable

wastes (d) hazardous or special wastes and (e) bulky wastes and white goods Councilor

Taborada said the collection of waste in the baranggay is classified only into three groups

These are (a) the biodegradables (b) the non-biodegradables and (c) the special wastes or

toxic wastes He further added that these special wastes would be treated differently from the

other two variants and will be collected by the city for special treatment

As to the volume of wastes collected by the baranggay Councilor Taborada said that

Lahug have three garbage trucks available for garbage collection all funded by the baranggay

He said that each truck could collect approximately 11 tons of garbage per operation Each

truck operates twice a day everyday covering most of the sites in the near road and in cases

of sitios trucks collect the garbage depending on the schedule With the number of trucks

available for collection every day Baranggay Lahug collects an approximate 66 tons of waste

everyday Engineer Roger Legaspi of Department of Public Services confirms this claim as they

collect waste from Lahug with the volume of six (6) to eight (8) tons per day Baranggay Lahug

have no dumpsite so all the waste collected in the baranggay will be turned over to the city

level Engineer Legaspi said that the collection from Lahug came from upper and lower Lahug


Collection and Transfer of Wastes

Article 3 of the RA 9003 defines the Collection and Transport of Solid Wastes It sets the

requirement for the collection and transport of solid wastes and the guidelines for transfer

stations Section 71 of the City Ordinance 2031 states that the local baranggay unit ldquotakes

charge of the collection of the collection of reusablerecyclable and biodegradablecompostable

wastes in their respective baranggay while the City Government takes care of the collection of

non-biodegradable wastes bulky wastes and other wastes in consonance with RA 9003rdquo Mrs

Emper Capili said that the sources of waste collected by the baranggay comes primarily from

the households They also collect solid wastes from the industries and establishments present

in the area On the other hand Councilor Taborada said that household wastes are collected

every day but the City Government collects wastes from the establishments Engineer Roger

Legaspi confirms Councilor Taboradarsquos claim that the City Government collects the solid wastes

from the industries These establishments include JY Square City Lights Red Carpet and the

villages in the baranggay

As to the schedule of waste collection Councilor Taborada said that the garbage

collection happens every day Three garbage trucks are available for the collection of wastes

every day These trucks operate twice a day Cebu City Ordinance 1361 creates a system of

garbage collection which serves as basis as to the collection of garbage in the baranggay

Article 4 of City Ordinance 1361 states that ldquoeach homeowner tenant manager or person-in-

charge of any building or any room or space therein shall provide a receptacle in which he shall

deposit or cause to be deposited all such garbage rubbish trash or waste materials and which

receptacle shall be maintained in sanitary condition at all times by him or his representative and

placed in such a location that is easily accessible but not obtrusive to the pedestriansrdquo

Furthermore City Ordinance 1361 states that the collection of garbage shall depend on the

schedule prepared and promulgated by the Department of Public Services Engineer Legaspi of

DPS said that they collect garbage from the baranggay daily Councilor Taborada said that the

baranggay trucks operate collection of solid wastes daily and collects twice per day

Councilor Taborada and Mrs Capili said that the collected wastes from the households

would be turned over to the city government for dumping Baranggay Lahug has no landfill and

dumpsite available for the waste collected within the baranggay Department of Public Services

collect these wastes and dump it to Inayawan

Section 21 and 22 of the RA 9003 provides for the means of collection of the Solid

Wastes It states that


Section 21 Mandatory Segregation of Solid Wastes - The LGUs shall evaluate

alternative roles for the public and private sectors in providing collection services

type of collection system or combination of systems that best meet their needs

Provided That segregation of wastes shall primarily be conducted at the source

to include household institutional industrial commercial and agricultural

sources Provided further That wastes shall be segregated into the categories

provided in Sec 22 of this Act

Section 22 Requirements for the Segregation and Storage of Solid Waste - The

following shall be the minimum standards and requirements for segregation and

storage of solid waste pending collection

(a) There shall be a separate container for each type of waste from all sources

Provided That in the case of bulky waste it will suffice that the same be

collected and placed in a separate designated area and

(b) The solid waste container depending on its use shall be properly marked or

identified for on-site collection as compostable non-recyclable recyclable or

special waste or any other classification as may be determined by the

Commission

In the City Ordinance Level Section 61 states for the provision on ldquoNo Segregation No

Collectionrdquo It states that ldquosegregation of wastes must be observed since unsorted wastes shall

not be collected at allrdquo Councilor Taborada said that this has been implemented in the

baranggay The garbage truck of baranggay Lahug collects solid waste twice per day one

round for the biodegradable and another round for the non-biodegradable He further said that

the constituents especially in the sitios has been informed of this policy through the conduct of

pulong-pulong or meetings in the baranggay The only means in collecting garbage in the

baranggay are the three garbage trucks provided for the baranggay Councilor Taborada said

that Lahug initiated for the purchase of these trucks and did not rely on the City Government for

the procurement of such facility There are no other facilities for garbage collection aside from

the truck and from small scale garbage collectors

Waste Segregation Practices in the Households

Fifty-two of the 100 household respondents (52 out of 100) interviewed practice waste

segregation in their households They segregate plastics bottles papers cans and peelings of

fruits and vegetables Their primary motivation for segregation was the incentive they could get


from segregating their wastes (ie they can earn money from things that they segregate)

Further they can reuse some of the waste materials (eg cans and plastics) as storage

containers at home Plastics were the common waste that were segregated followed by cans

bottles papers and vegetable and fruit peelings The residents of Barangay Lahug practiced

waste segregation because they can benefit from it especially from the additional income that

they get from segregating their wastes

On the side of the barangay they implemented fines for residents who did not engage in

waste segregation However despite the presence of the policy some households do not

segregate their wastes and dump their garbage in sacks and damaged pails Before the

barangay was strict in implementing the No Segregation No Collection policy but because of

the continuing waste segregation malpractice of some residents the policy was not sustained

The barangay has no choice but to collect the un-segregated garbage since leaving the garbage

in the street would create a problem of sanitation and the unattended waste would produce

awful smell At present the garbage collectors are the ones in-charge of segregating the waste

they collected in the barangay

As to the knowledge of the respondents on the presence of ordinances a significant 48

of 100 said that they are aware that there are ordinances pertaining to the segregation of

wastes at home The answers as to the awareness of these ordinances vary from sanctions

such as penalties and community work Some of these respondents also said that they are

aware that the baranggay has been implementing a waste segregation policy that is why they

practice the segregation of wastes

Materials Recovery Facility

Section 32 of the RA 9003 provides for the establishment of Materials Recovery Facility

or MRF in LGUs It states that ldquothere shall be established a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) in

every barangay or cluster of barangays The facility shall be established in a barangay-owned

or -leased land or any suitable open space to be determined by the barangay through its

Sanggunian For this purpose the barangay or cluster of barangays shall allocate a certain

parcel of land for the MRF The MRF shall receive mixed waste for final sorting segregation

composting and recycling The resulting residual wastes shall be transferred to a long term

storage or disposal facility or sanitary landfillrdquo However despite the cityrsquos adoption of the RA

9003 through the City Ordinance 2031 the ordinance is silent about the creation of MRF

Baranggay Lahug however initiated for the creation of MRF in the baranggay Councilor

Taborada said that the baranggay has sent a proposal to the city government for the creation of


a Materials Recovery Facility in the locality However this claim cannot be verified since the

researchers were not able to secure a copy of the proposal

Recycling and Source Reduction Practices

Barangay Lahug engages in recycling practices through their barangay cooperatives

Members of the cooperatives make use of the plastic bottles plastic bags and tetra packs as

vases and bags It is part of their livelihood program and also with the environment and

sanitation committee However according to Barangay Councilor Taborada Chairman of

Environment and Sanitation Committee the cooperativersquos recycling practice does not have a

great impact on waste management in the barangay because only a small portion of the wastes

were used Some of these bottles and plastics were personally sold by the residents and and

they do not usually turn over those recyclable materials to the barangay cooperative

Although the barangay seeks cooperation with private entrepreneurs to help them in

buying recyclable materials from the residents the cooperation did not succeed It is because

the buyers offer less price to the recyclable wastes compared to those people who push carts

for garbage The project did not last long Also there were no NGOs who are interested to help

the barangay in managing their solid waste unlike in Barangay Luz who has CPAG to assist

them in developing their barangay

The barangay does not give incentives to those who have the most recyclable materials

being kept because according to Councilor Taborada and Ms Capili the barangay wanted the

citizen to act according to their responsibility as a citizen of the barangay and act according to

their own free will The barangay would not tolerate people who acted only for their own benefits

and see government work as a business or enterprise

In addition providing incentives was not adopted in encouraging waste segregation

recycling garbage and most of all in waste or source reduction According to Councilor

Taborada the barangay or the committee itself does not initiate source reduction According to

him they cannot control the amount of waste produced by the households They would not

encourage incentives because it would mean that the citizens do not act according to their

responsibility They do not have the pleasure to encourage such project that would lead to

peoplersquos participation through incentives


Data Analysis

RA 9003Ordinances Implementation in

the BarangayCity Ordinance 2031 City Ordinance

1361Role of the LGUs in Solid Waste Management (Section 10) Segregation and collection of solid waste (ie biodegradable compostable amp reusable) ndash barangay Segregation and collection of waste (ie non-recyclable amp special wastes) ndash city government

LGU has the primary responsibility to implement ecological solid waste management system

Local barangay ndash in charge of collection of reusablerecyclable and biodegradable wastes

City government ndash in charge of collection of non-biodegradable bulky and special waste

bull Barangay collects the segregated waste generated from households

bull City collects the waste from the establishments and industries

Establishment of Multi-Purpose Environment Cooperatives or Associations in every LGU (Section 13)

The barangay is encouraged to form cooperative(s) within the community to handle biodegradablecompostable or recyclable waste

bull Creation of cooperative for recycling wastes

Components of Local Government Solid Waste Management Plan (Section 17) Waste

characterization (ie volume of waste source generation classification)

Collection and Transfer

Source reduction

Recycling

Waste classification biodegradable non-biodegradable reusablerecyclable hazardousspecial and bulky wastes

Waste collection points during the set schedule of collection

Generators must provide their own storage area within their premises

Collection of garbage is divided on the basis of volume of garbage and population

bull Waste Classification biodegradable non-biodegradable and special waste

bull Schedule of collection is everyday but may vary in other areas

bull Waste generation comes from households industries and establishments in the barangay

bull A small percentage of wastes are


recycled and goes to the cooperative

bull Barangay Lahug belongs to zone number 8

Segregation of Wastes (Sections 21 amp 22) Mandatory

segregation of solid wastes

Requirements for the segregation and storage of solid waste (ie ldquocompostablerdquo ldquonon-recyclablerdquo ldquorecyclablerdquo or ldquospecial wasterdquo)

No Segregation No Collection

Generators must store each type of waste in separate containers to facilitate collection and disposal

bull The barangay does not collect the waste if not segregated

Establishment of LGU Materials Recovery Facility (Section 32)

bull There is a proposal to establish MRF in the barangay

Incentives for resource reduction and recycling (Section 45)

Incentives for barangays and deputized enforcers for apprehending personsentities violating the ordinance

bull No incentives for source reduction and recycling wastes instead the barangay conducts meetings in the sitios to encourage people to segregate their waste

The Structural-Functionalist theory explains that the effectiveness of policy

implementation is presented though the functioning of the different parts in the political system

In the case of RA 9003 the success of the implementation of the law lies on its efficient

operationalization in the local government units RA 9003 provides the necessary framework

and institutional mechanisms for the proper waste treatment and disposal Section 17 of RA

9003 outlines the necessity of passing and enforcing ordinances in the local government units

for the effective implementation of a collection system in the barangay This provision in the


Republic Act was successfully materialized through the implementation of City Ordinance 2031

(An Ordinance for the Implementation of Solid Waste Segregation at Source Providing

Penalties for Violations Thereof and the Creation of a Special Fund for Incentives) and City

Ordinance 1361 Ordinance 2031 was adopted by Barangay Lahug so as to facilitate its waste

collection system The assessment and evaluation on the effectiveness of the implementation of

RA 9003 through its operationalization in Barangay Lahug can be determined through the

barangayrsquos fulfillment of the necessary provisions stipulated in RA 9003 and in city ordinances

2031 and 1361

Implementation in Barangay Level

In terms of fulfilling its role on the solid waste management plan as provided in RA

9003 and Ordinance 2031 Barangay Lahug was able to follow this provision in the law In an

interview done by the researchers Councilor Taborada confirmed that the barangay collects

and segregates the waste generated from the households while the city government (eg

Department of Public Services) is in charge with the collection of solid waste generated by the

industries and establishments in the barangay The establishment of a multi-purpose

environmental cooperative was also carried out in the barangay The cooperative was

established to facilitate in the recycling process of recyclable and reusable waste that the

barangay collected

Waste classification and characterization is carried out by the barangay given that the

barangay segregates the solid wastes and classify them as biodegradable non-biodegradable

or special waste This is in concurrence with the defined waste classification and

characterization provided in RA 9003 and Ordinance 2031 Schedule of waste collection in

Barangay Lahug is everyday but may vary in other areas This was confirmed by Engr Roger

Legaspi of the Department of Public Services (DPS) The waste collection of DPS was daily

using 2 garbage trucks used for both lower and upper Lahug For the barangay 3 garbage

trucks are used in solid waste collection However Engr Legaspi mentioned that there was no

coordination between the barangay and DPS as to the schedule and assigned collection points

of solid waste in the barangay

Waste segregation is strictly implemented and observed in the barangay The barangay

follows the No Segregation No Collection policy provided in Ordinance 2031 which is supported

by RA 9003 The barangay does not collect the waste if not segregated beforehand Fines and

penalties were collected so as to ensure compliance to the law However this practice was not

sustained since residents started to leave their waste un-segregated and the task to segregate


was passed to the garbage collectors during collection The schedule of collection is also

properly coordinated with waste segregation given that the barangay allocates a separate

schedule of collection for the different waste classification (ie biodegradable non-

biodegradable and special waste) In cases that the wastes collected are not properly

segregated the garbage collectors do the segregation of the wastes

Reduction and recycling of waste are less practiced and observed in the barangay since

there are no source reduction and incentives for source reduction There were also no

incentives given for recycling of waste In terms of public education and dissemination the

barangay conducts meeting in the different sitios to encourage people to segregate their waste

Moreover the proposal for the establishment of a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) in the

barangay denotes a positive effort of the barangay to implement source reduction and

encourage recycling in Barangay Lahug

Evaluation and Assessment of Solid Waste Management Plan

Based on RA 9003 the issue on solid waste management in Barangay Lahug has been

addressed The barangay adopted the law and the City Ordinance 1361 and 2031 but the

problem is the lack of the barangayrsquos implementation and sustainability of the said laws They

lack follow up and education of their constituents and fail to make the residents follow the law

for proper waste management

Using the ISWM (Integrated Solid Waste Management) framework among the

stakeholdersmdashthe constituents and the barangay itselfmdashthe barangay was the only one to have

complied with the provisions of the RA 9003 and City Ordinance 2031 However the barangay

failed to sustainably implement the said laws for it failed to gain the cooperation of its

constituents There may be those who practice waste segregation but not for the reason that

they follow what the law said but because they can gain from through personal income Hence

the citizensrsquo motivation for segregating and recycling their waste is driven more on personal

benefit

Moreover the barangayrsquos refusal to give incentives to those who practice recycling and

waste segregation is also the reason why people fail to cooperate with the barangayrsquos program

The residentsrsquo lack of encouragement and the governmentrsquos refusal to have concessions

through incentives contributed to the drawbacks of the proper implementation of the solid waste

management in Lahug Yet the barangay blames the residentsrsquo laziness to the failure of the

project which was very biased on their part They fail to take into account that residentsrsquo attitude


towards the policy is due to the barangayrsquos lack of effort to encourage the residents to

cooperate and give proper justification to the goal and consequences of the program


Chapter IV

CONCLUSION and RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusion

Based on the analysis and results yielded in this study the researchers conclude that

cooperation between the barangay and the constituents plays a vital role in the success of

social programs implemented by local government units as in the case of solid waste

management

Sustainability of the program (ie solid waste management plan) is important in

assessing the success of the implementation of the policy In the case of Barangay Lahug solid

waste management was initially successful However the debasing level of cooperation

between the barangay and the constituents created a problematic situation in the sustainability

of the solid waste management plan and the implementation of the RA 9003 and some City

Ordinances which anchored Barangay Lahugrsquos solid waste management strategy Nonetheless

the researchers recognize and commend the barangay councilrsquos effort in executing the

guidelines and provisions stipulated in RA 9003 and the city ordinances (2031 amp 1361)

especially in terms of waste collection and segregation In terms of waste reduction and

encouragement of recycling practices the barangay needs to improve in these key areas The

barangay could enhance its education and information campaign on the benefits of reducing

and recycling wastes while providing greater avenue for the people to participate and contribute

to the maintenance of environmental sanitation in the barangay

Moreover the researchers also conclude that as stakeholders the barangay and its

constituents should take into account that both have responsibilities to carry out After all the

problem of solid waste management is an important issue that needs authorities need to

address with the cooperation of the citizens so as to ensure protection of public health and

environment

Recommendations

Based on the facts and information gathered by the researchers about the Barangay

Lahugrsquos solid waste management in accordance to RA 9003 and city ordinances 1361

(Garbage Collection) and 2031 (Implementation of Solid Segregation at Source) the

researchers would like to recommend further studies about the topic deepening on the analysis

of the development and performance of the barangay in terms of its implementation of its solid

waste management plan In addition the researchers recommend a further study on the waste

segregation and recycling practices of the major industries and establishments in Barangay


Lahug to determine and assess their solid waste management plan juxtapose the ordinances

2031 and 1361 and RA 9003

Furthermore the researchers recommend a study on the impacts and sustainability of

the solid waste management practiced by the barangay to evaluate the feasibility and

maintenance of the existing solid waste management strategy employed by the barangay The

researchers also recommend the inclusion of the city in the study concerning their practices in

waste segregation and collection In addition the study will be conducted to know if they

implemented their solid waste management plan and sustained the presence of the plan

together with its success or development In this way comparison on the implementation and

achievement of the city and the barangay about the solid waste management plan could deepen

the assessment


REFERENCES

Books

Almond Gabriel and Bingham Powell Jr (1980) Comparative Politics Today A World View 2nd Ed United States of America Little Brown and Company

Internet Sources

__________________ Ordinance 1361 Retrieved September 13 2010 from httpwwwglobenetorgpreceuppagesangchapitrecapitalicasphimana_ehtm

Allen Nicholas and Westfall Matthew (2004) Opportunities for Change The Garbage Book Solid Waste Management in Metro Manila 76-85 Retrieved September 16 2010 from httpwwwadborgdocumentsbooksgarbage-bookchap7pdf

Arellano Foundation Republic Act 9003 The LawPhil Project Philippine Laws and Jurisprudence Databank Retrieved September 15 2010 from httpwwwlawphilnetstatutesrepactsra2001ra_9003_2001html

Lago Richie Grace M (2009) Solid Waste Management Needs of a Suburban Community Liceo Journal of Higher Education Research 6(1) Retrieved September 16 2010 from http691745345indexphpjournal=LJHERamppage=articleampop=viewamppath[]=599

Maryland Department of the Environment Source Reduction Retrieved September 16 2010 from httpwwwmdemarlylandgovProgramsLandProgramsRecyclingsource_reductionindexasp

Quina Francis Paolo M Wasting Away The Challenges of Solid Waste Management in the Philippines The UP Forum Retrieved September 14 2010 from httpwwwupeduphupforumphpi=199amparchive=yesampyr=2008ampmn=7

Streegan William HO Compliance by Bacolod City of RA 9003 Negros Daily Bulletin Retrieved September 15 2010 from httpwwwndb-onlinecomdec0308c2

Todoc Jessie Decentralized Solid Waste Management in the Philippines IGES Enviroscope Retrieved September 15 2010 from httpenviroscopeigesorjpmodulesenvirolibviewphpdocid=2529

World Bank Integrated Sustainable Waste Management Retrieved September 16 2010 from httpwwwworldbankorgurbansolid_wmermAnnex204B3pdf

Reference Persons

Hon Jovito S Taborada Jr (Chairman Committee on Environment and Sanitation)

Mrs Emperatriz Capili (GAD Focal Person)

APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Cebu City Ordinance 2031


Appendix 3 Baranggay Lahug Map

Appendix 4 Baranggay Profile ndash Baranggay Lahug

ORDINANCE NO 1361

AN ORDINANCE ESTABLISHING A SYSTEM OF GARBAGE COLLECTION IMPOSING FEES THEREFORE AND EXPROPRIATING FUNDS AND FOR OTHER RELATED PURPOSES

TITLE I - POLICY

Article 1 It is the policy of the government of the City of Cebu to promote and preserve the good health of its constituents so that all effects of the citizens and of the government should be harnessed and directed towards the full realization and implementation of such policy

Article 2 The citizens shall have the primary responsibility of achieving and maintaining cleanliness in their places of abode or work while the government shall suffer the ultimate responsibility of establishing and maintaining an orderly and modern program for the collection and disposal of garbage rubbish swill trash and other forms of waste and waste materials

TITLE - RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS

Article 3 It is the moral duty of each and every owner andor tenant of any unenclosed residential building to clean the area of five meters from the nearest wall of the building of any dead animals and rodents broken or empty bottles glass or porcelain used or empty cans canisterscigars cigarettes or butts cut grass waste or used paper fruit peelings plastic or plastic materials rubber rags fallen leaves twigs or branches of trees swill and all forms of garbage rubbish trash or waste materials With respect to residential buildings enclosed with walls or fence the five meter distance shall be measured from the nearest wall or fence

Article 4 In the case of commercial or industrial buildings the responsibility mentioned in the next preceding article shall be borne by the manager or person-in-charge of the entity occupying the building or space there-in and the owners of the buildings jointly If juridical entities the manager or person-in-charge thereof shall be held responsible

Article 5 Each homeowner tenant manager or person-in-charge of any building or any room or space therein shall provide a receptacle in which he shall deposit or cause to be deposited all such garbage rubbish trash or waste materials and which receptacle shall be maintained in sanitary condition at all times by him or his representative and placed in such a location that is easily accessible but not obtrusive to the pedestrians

Article 6 It is the responsibility of the homeowner tenant manager or person-in-charge to coordinate with the public services manager so that the garbage shall be regularly collected and properly disposed

Article 7 All pedestrians shall also be held responsible for the maintenance of the cleanliness and orderliness sought to be achieved under this title

TITLE III - PROHIBITIONS

Article 8 It is unlawful for any person to spit urinate or defecate on alley street sidewalks pathway park plaza or any other public places or in the case of urinating or spitting on the walls and corridors of buildings

Article 9 It is unlawful to throw or deposit any garbage rubbish trash or waste materials in any vacant lot park plaza alley sidewalk street gutter yard or other public places such as but not limited to river banks

Article 10 It is unlawful for any person or group of persons gave in any cases allowed by law or unless a prior authority has been granted by the Mayor for reasons of public order or the promotion of public health to post or cause to be pasted any handbill or poster of any size or material of public buildings This prohibition covers the act of strewing handbills or posters on the streets sidewalks pathways plazas or public places

Article 11 It is unlawful for any person to pour out scatter or spill any garbage rubbish trash or waste materials from the receptacle

Article 12 It is unlawful for anyone to use any animal- drawn vehicle on any alley street sidewalk plaza or park unless he has provided his vehicle-drawn animal used thereby with a proper receptacle properly attached to the animal or vehicle and adequate for the collection and keeping of the animal manure or refuse

No owner of any animal which had discharged its waste on any alley street sidewalk plaza or park shall be allowed to leave the area where the waste was discharged on without properly collecting and disposing or causing to be collected and disposed the said waste

TITLE - MECHANICS OF GARBAGE COLLECTION

Article 13 The urban barangays of the City of Cebu are hereby divided on the basis of the volume of garbage and populations into the twenty-one (21) contiguous and compact zones namely

ZONE 1 ZONE (B) 12Barangay Bulacao Barangay San Nicolas Proper Pardo Sawang Calero Kinasang-an Pahina San Nicolas Quiot Inayawan Cogon Pardo ZONE (B) 13Barangay Pahina CentralZONE 2 KalubihanBarangay Basak Pardo Kamagayan Basak San Nicolas Mambaling ZONE (C) 14Barangay Sambag IZONE 3Barangay Tisa ZONE (D) 15 Punta Princesa Barangay Sambag II includingFuente Osmena RotondaZONE 4Barangay Labangon ZONE (E) 16 Calamba Barangay Cogon Ramos Duljo Sta Cruz San AntonioZONE 5Barangay Guadalupe ZONE (F) 17

Barangay Zapatera LibotZONE 6 Lorega San MiguelBarangay Capitol and part of Day-asBarangay Guadalupe T Padilla ZONE 7 ZONE (G) 18Barangay Camputhaw Barangay Tejero TinagoZONE 8 San Roque and part ofBarangay Lahug North Reclamation AreaZONE 9 ZONE (H) 19Barangay Apas Barangay Parian Banilad Central Proper Talamban ZONE 10 ZONE (I) 20Barangay Kasambagan Barangay Ermita Luz Suba Hipodromo PasilZONE (J) 21ZONE 11 Carbon Market Unit - 3Barangay Mabolo Carreta and part ofNorth Reclamation Area

However the Department of Public Services or any other department of the Government of the City of Cebu which may hereafter be imposed with garbage collection duties may make such other zoning(s) as the demands of the service may require Such additional zoning or re-zoning shall observe the same criteria of volume of garbage and population

Article 14 In each of these garbage zones shall be assigned at least a public services manager a garbage truck a driver and crew of garbage collectors and a complement of street cleaners The necessary equipment implements and tools shall be provided these teams by the City Government

Article 15 A schedule of collection of garbage and street cleaning for each zone shall be prepared and promulgated by the Department of Public Services or any other concerned agency in consultation with the public services manager of each zone The schedule shall take into consideration such factors or combination of factors as maximum volume of collectible garbage optimum convenience of the homeowners tenants managers or person-in-charge or a majority of them least disturbance to traffic and minimum pollution and health hazards

Article 16 Whenever possible strategic principal garbage collection points may b established in the garbage zones When established homeowners tenants managers or person-in-charge shall deposit or caused to be deposited in these strategic principal garbage collection points such garbage which may no longer r be or are not contained in their own receptacles

Article 17 Each homeowner tenant manager or person-in-charge shall be informed regularly by and thru the public services manager of the names and identifications of the garbage truck delivers collectors and complements as well as the schedule (or any charges) of the garbage collection in his area and the strategic principal garbage collection points whenever they are established

Article 18 The teams of garbage collectors and street cleaners shall faithfully and religiously observe the schedule of street cleaning of garbage collection and disposal

On the time schedule for garbage collection the teams of garbage collectors shall proceed to their designated garbage zones and under the immediate supervisor of the public services manager shall collect from the receptacles and strategic principal garbage collection points all garbage rubbish and waste materials

Article 19 The Department of Public Services shall establish and maintained system of monitoring both the faithful observance of the schedule for actual cleaning and garbage collection It shall also conduct in coordination with the public services manager a regular educational program and corresponding sustained drive for the effective implementation of this system of garbage collection

Article 20 The City Health Department is charged with the task of fielding sanitary inspectors to the different garbage zones in the city in order to check inspect advise andor instruct the homeowners tenants managers or person-in-charge on the correct and sanitary collection and disposal of their garbage

TITLE - MANAGEMENT OF GARBAGE ZONES

Article 21 Each garbage zone shall be administered by a public services manager He must be a resident of the zone for at least one (1) year prior to his designation and able to read and write

Article 22 The public services manager as far as practicable shall be taken form the organic personnel of the City Government In the absence of a qualified and available employee of the City the necessary Public Services Manager may be appointed from any qualified resident of the garbage zone concerned

Article 23 It shall be the responsibility of the Public Services Manager

(a) to see to it that the alleys streets sidewalks and pathways within his zone are regularly cleaned and swept by the street cleaner

(b) to supervise in the proper collection of garbage from the receptacles and the strategic principal garbage collection points by the team of garbage collectors seeing to it that no garbage rubbish trash or waste materials are strewn on the streets or spilled from their containers during and after the collection

(c) to coordinate with each homeowner tenant manager or person-in-charge so that this and other related ordinances shall be properly implemented

(d) to observe and execute the guidelines set by the Department of Public Services and the City Health Department on matters of health and sanitation as may be related with this ordinance

(e) to have immediate supervision over the street cleaners garbage collectors the garbage truck driver the complement of equipment implements and tools without prejudice to the administrative control of the Department of Public Services over such employees as defined by civil service laws rules and regulation

(f) to report to the Chief Department of Public Services any tardiness absences misconduct irregularities anomalies of any of the men(employed) under his supervision or any infraction or violation of this and other related ordinance(s) for appropriate remedial administrative or legal measures

(g) Aside form the above enumerated functions the public services manager is tasked with

aa The monitoring of the drainage and flood controls programs of government as well as the reporting to the proper and concerned authority(ies) of the Government of Cebu City the activities of the DEPW men who will carry out said programs on their respective zones

ab The reporting to the proper agency concerned regarding road repairs and maintenance problems in his zone

ac The reporting and monitoring of street light - the problems illegal structures and construction as well as squatting and squatter problems in his zone

ad He may also perform such other functions as may be assigned to him by the Mayor from time to time

Article 24 The Public Services Managers upon their designation qualification and assumption shall be placed under the direct supervision and control of the Department of Public Services

Article 25 The Department of Public Services shall have the following additional duties and responsibilities namely

(a) to prepare and implement a program of information dissemination to the homeowners tenants managers or person-in-charge of the provisions of this and other related ordinances

(b) to see to it that the guidelines promulgated by the Department of Public Services andor the City Health Department relative to matters affecting garbage collection and disposal are properly implemented and

(c) to promulgate establish andor implement such other policies and guidelines as it may deem appropriate for the improvement of existing garbage collection and disposal system

TITLE VI - FEES

Article 26 Effective April 1 1990 there shall be paid to the City of Cebu by all persons firms or entities herein holds specified the following garbage fees provided that the payment of the garbage fee may be made on a quarterly basis to be paid within the first 20 days of the first month every quarter

PROVIDED HOWEVER That

(a) Payments made in excess of the 1st quarter due shall be credited to future garbage fee

(b) 2nd 3rd and 4th quarters due shall be in accordance with the new rates and

(c) Unpaid 1st quarter due shall be paid in accordance with the old rates

Article 27 There shall also be paid to the City of Cebu for depositing garbage or refuse in the citys disposal area whenever deposit is made not by the authorized collector the following garbage fees

P300 per truck of 12 ton per delivery

P500 per truck of over 12 ton per delivery

Article 28 Tree cuttings plants and foliage lumber wastes and similar bulky refuse or solid waste are not to be considered as ordinary garbage notwithstanding any provisions of this ordinance to the contrary Persons or entities responsible for such bulky or solid wastes shall therefore be held accountable for their proper collection and disposal Consequently the following special garbage collection and disposal fee shall be imposed thus

For one (1) ton or less of such garbage - P15000 basic fee

Over one (1) an additional of P10000 per ton or a fraction thereof

The Department of Public Services shall remove the above-mentioned bulky or solid waste only upon the showing by the person or entity responsible for the payment of such special garbage fee of the receipt issued by the City Treasurer for that purpose

The public services manager in whose zone the bulky or solid waste may be found shall in addition to his regular responsibilities see to it that the persons or entities liable for the payment of the said special garbage fee shall have paid the same

TITLE VII - ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS

Article 29 Payment of the garbage fees as imposed in this ordinance shall be evidenced by a certificateofficial receipt issued by the Treasurer of the City of Cebu and which shall be secured within the first twenty (20) days of the month of January if paid annually or within the first twenty (20) days of the first month of the quarter if paid quarterly

In the case of those who may conduct or engage in any of the taxable businesses or trades as specified in the Omnibus Tax Code of the City of Cebu and those who may own or administer houses or buildings subject to the payment of the garbage fee subsequent to January 1 1990 they shall secure the certificateofficial receipts mentioned in the next preceding paragraph within the first twenty (20) days after the date they first conducted or engaged in such business or trade andor within the same period of time from and after owning or administering such houses or buildings

The yearly renewalspayments of the certificatesgarbage fee shall correspondingly be made within the first twenty (20) days of January of each and every calendar yearif paid on an annual basis or within the first twenty (20) days of the first month of the quarter if paid quarterly

In all of the aforestated cases the failure to pay the garbage fees within the specified period shall be subject to an additional charge of twenty-five per centrum (25) of the original fee which shall be collected at the same time as the original fee

Article 30 The transfer of ownership or title andor tax declaration or any type of house or building subject to the payments of garbage fee shall be effected by the City Register of Deeds andor the City Assessor only when the person or entity disposing the property by sale donation barter or any other mode of transfer of ownership of title to real state within the City of Cebu shall have shown the certificatesofficial receipts evidencing the payment of the corresponding garbage fee imposed herein including surcharges if any

TITLE VIII - PENALTIES COVERAGE SEPARABILITY REPEAL AND EFFECTIVITY

Article 31 Penalties - In addition to the fees herein prescribed any person found guilty of violating any provision of this ordinance shall be punished by a fine of not less than FIVE HUNDRED PESOS (P50000) nor more than ONE THOUSAND PESOS (100000) or by imprisonment of not less than one month nor more than six (6) months or both such fine and imprisonment at the discretion of the court If the violation is committed by a juridical person the manager or the person-in-charge in the management thereof shall be criminally responsible thereof

Every violation of any provision of this ordinance shall be construed as a separate offense and shall be punishable as herein provided

Article 32 Coverage - Residents owners of residential houses leasees occupants business establishments located in Barangays not mentioned in Article 13 hereof shall be exempt from the payment of garbage fees as herein provided until the said barangay shall have been included in the subsequent Garbage Zones which the City Council or the other duly authorized city government agencies may make or adopt PROVIDED That garbage collection and disposal services in the said barangay shall have been rendered and effected by the government of the City

Article 33 Separability - If any provision article or title of this portion hereof is for any cause or reason held declared or pronounced as unconstitutional or invalid the other provision article hereof not so held declared or pronounced shall remain valid and enforceable

Article 34 Repeal - This ordinance hereby repeals Ordinance No 281 as amended by Ordinances Numbered 614 811 931 945 950 and 957 as well as Ordinances Numbered 241 821 804 and 1295

The provisions of Ordinance No 1082 which are inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed The other parts of the said Ordinance as amended which are compatible with the provisions of this ordinance shall remain in full force and effect and considered as suppletory in character

All other ordinances or parts of ordinances not specifically mentioned but which are inconsistent with the provisions of this enactment are likewise hereby repealed

Article 35 Effectivity - This ordinance shall take effect on April 1 1990

CARRIED BY MAJORITY VOTES

(Cebu City Council Members Rama Kintanar JrBorres Jr and Fernandez voted against)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

I CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 1

RATIONALE 2

OBJECTIVES 3

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 4

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS 5

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 5

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 6

DEFINITION OF TERMS 7

METHODOLOGY 9

II CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 10

III CHAPTER THREE

PRESENTATION INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

PROFILE OF BARANGGAY LAHUG 13

ADOPTION OF RA 9003 AND CITY ORDINANCE 13

VOLUME AND CHARACTERIZATION 15

COLLECTION AND TRANSFER 16

SEGREGATION PRACTICES 17

MATERIALS RECOVERY FACILITY 18


DATA ANALYSIS 20



IV CHAPTER THREE


CONCLUSION 25

RECOMMENDATION 25

V REFERENCES

VI APPENDICES

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION











respective areas






barangay









11 Land Area











31 Sources of waste






41 Households









Rationale






























Objectives










wastes


them


















management















waste


























































in the baranggay





Definition of Terms







































Methodology














management











Chapter II









in the Philippines



















































DENRrdquo



















movementrdquo








Chapter III
















subdivision





Baranggay Profile)














that


















































































































Commission

















































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES
































DATA ANALYSIS 20



IV CHAPTER THREE


CONCLUSION 25

RECOMMENDATION 25

V REFERENCES

VI APPENDICES

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION











respective areas






barangay









11 Land Area











31 Sources of waste






41 Households









Rationale






























Objectives










wastes


them


















management















waste


























































in the baranggay





Definition of Terms







































Methodology














management











Chapter II









in the Philippines



















































DENRrdquo



















movementrdquo








Chapter III
















subdivision





Baranggay Profile)














that


















































































































Commission

















































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES































Chapter I

INTRODUCTION











respective areas






barangay









11 Land Area











31 Sources of waste






41 Households









Rationale






























Objectives










wastes


them


















management















waste


























































in the baranggay





Definition of Terms







































Methodology














management











Chapter II









in the Philippines



















































DENRrdquo



















movementrdquo








Chapter III
















subdivision





Baranggay Profile)














that


















































































































Commission

















































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES




































31 Sources of waste






41 Households









Rationale






























Objectives










wastes


them


















management















waste


























































in the baranggay





Definition of Terms







































Methodology














management











Chapter II









in the Philippines



















































DENRrdquo



















movementrdquo








Chapter III
















subdivision





Baranggay Profile)














that


















































































































Commission

















































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES















































Objectives










wastes


them


















management















waste


























































in the baranggay





Definition of Terms







































Methodology














management











Chapter II









in the Philippines



















































DENRrdquo



















movementrdquo








Chapter III
















subdivision





Baranggay Profile)














that


















































































































Commission

















































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES














































management















waste


























































in the baranggay





Definition of Terms







































Methodology














management











Chapter II









in the Philippines



















































DENRrdquo



















movementrdquo








Chapter III
















subdivision





Baranggay Profile)














that


















































































































Commission

















































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES























































































in the baranggay





Definition of Terms







































Methodology














management











Chapter II









in the Philippines



















































DENRrdquo



















movementrdquo








Chapter III
















subdivision





Baranggay Profile)














that


















































































































Commission

















































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES






















































in the baranggay





Definition of Terms







































Methodology














management











Chapter II









in the Philippines



















































DENRrdquo



















movementrdquo








Chapter III
















subdivision





Baranggay Profile)














that


















































































































Commission

















































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES



































in the baranggay





Definition of Terms







































Methodology














management











Chapter II









in the Philippines



















































DENRrdquo



















movementrdquo








Chapter III
















subdivision





Baranggay Profile)














that


















































































































Commission

















































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES

























































Methodology














management











Chapter II









in the Philippines



















































DENRrdquo



















movementrdquo








Chapter III
















subdivision





Baranggay Profile)














that


















































































































Commission

















































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES































Methodology














management











Chapter II









in the Philippines



















































DENRrdquo



















movementrdquo








Chapter III
















subdivision





Baranggay Profile)














that


















































































































Commission

















































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES































Chapter II









in the Philippines



















































DENRrdquo



















movementrdquo








Chapter III
















subdivision





Baranggay Profile)














that


















































































































Commission

















































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES

























































DENRrdquo



















movementrdquo








Chapter III
















subdivision





Baranggay Profile)














that


















































































































Commission

















































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES









































movementrdquo








Chapter III
















subdivision





Baranggay Profile)














that


















































































































Commission

















































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES































Chapter III
















subdivision





Baranggay Profile)














that


















































































































Commission

















































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES


































that


















































































































Commission

















































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES

















































































































Commission

















































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES

















































































Commission

















































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES















































Commission

















































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES































































































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES





























































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES































Data Analysis















Source reduction

Recycling






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES



























































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES






































2031 and 1361










barangay collected










































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES
























































benefit











Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES


































Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES































Chapter IV


Conclusion




management


















environment

Recommendations










2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES
































2031 and 1361 and RA 9003









the assessment


REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES































REFERENCES

Books


Internet Sources










Reference Persons



APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES































APPENDICES





ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES































ORDINANCE NO 1361


TITLE I - POLICY

















































TITLE VI - FEES

































































TITLE VI - FEES






















































TITLE VI - FEES




































TITLE VI - FEES














































Documents

RA 9003