STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

2005200520052005----2020202020202020

PROVINCE OF BATANGASPROVINCE OF BATANGASPROVINCE OF BATANGASPROVINCE OF BATANGAS

Provincial Government of Batangas / PG-Environment and Natural Resources Office (PG-ENRO)

GEF/UNDP/IMO Regional Programme on Building Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA)

World Wildlife Fund-Philippines (WWF-Phils.)

Conservation International-Philippines (CI-Phils.)

page

Table of Contents ii

Preface iii

PDC Resolution No. 8-2005, Endorsing the 2005-2020 Strategic

Environmental Management Plan of the Province of Batangas

iv

SP Resolution No. 12-2007, Approving 2005-2020 Strategic

Environmental Management Plan of the Province of Batangas

vi

List of Figures, Boxes and Annexes ix

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations x

Acknowledgments xii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xiii

Chapter

1 INTRODUCTION

Geographical Scope of the Bay Regions 1 State of Environment and Resource Management in the Bay Regions

3

International Agreements and National Programs 4 Local Initiative, Trends and Implications 5 The Strategic Environmental Management Plan 7

2 IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION OF

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND PROBLEMS

Identification and Classification of Issues and Problems 11 Waste Generation and Management 12 Prioritization of Issues Using Risk Ranking 20

3 STRATEGIES AND ACTION PROGRAMS

Vision 24 Mission 24 Goal 24 Objectives 24 Action Programs 25 Structure of the Plan 28 Action Program Strategies 29 Institutional Development And Integrated Planning Systems 29 Waste Management 32 Habitat Restoration and Management 36 Water Resources Protection and Management 39 Fisheries Protection and Management 42

4 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS AND SCHEDULE

Relationship with Other Plans 44 Organization and Management Arrangements 45 Implementation Schedule 48 Monitoring and Evaluation 50 Revision and Implementation Improvement of the Plan 52

5 FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS 53

ANNEXES

REFERENCES

67 96

PREFACEPREFACEPREFACEPREFACE

The Strategic Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) 2005-2020 for the

Province of Batangas evolved from the extensive consultations with the local government units, national government agencies, private sector, non-government organizations, people’s organizations and the community. It is a comprehensive and integrated set of strategies and action plans aimed to continually improve the lives of Batangueños through environmental protection and increase the province’s contribution to the national economy through the effective management, development and judicious utilization of its province’s natural resources. This SEMP takes on the solid foundation gained over the years starting 1996 based on the framework and experiences generated by the implementation of Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) Program initially demonstrated in the Batangas Bay Region with assistance of the Regional Programme on Marine Pollution Prevention in the East Asian Seas. Overtime, there was a need to expand its scope to address new issues/problems and challenges, explore new development opportunities and further strengthen management skills, interagency and multisectoral cooperation and integration of development and environmental protection in the whole province including the regions abutting Balayan and Tayabas Bays. The SEMP also takes cognizance of Taal Lake, but focuses strategies in consideration basically of the provisions of the Local Government Code for which implementation of the other legal mandates of the province on environmental management are anchored.

Though Batangas is an agro-industrial province, it became imperative that aside

from environmental protection, conservation will be a major part of its development in view of its vast natural resources and high level of biodiversity. Batangueños expressed the same concern for their environment during the consultations on the formulation of the plan and in the process, gained understanding and consensus that development and environmental protection and natural resources conservation can exist hand in hand and thus were established as the twin objectives of SEMP.

The people, the economy and the environment, are therefore well-ingrained in

the plan for achieving sustainable development.

EVELYN L. ESTIGOY PG-ENR Officer

page

Figure

1 Map of Batangas Province

1

2 Proposed Three-tiered Multi-sectoral Organizational Structure of the Batangas Environmental Protection Council

47

Box

1 Waste Generation and Disposal in Batangas Province

13

2 Incidents of Spillages and Emissions from Industries along Batangas and Balayan Bays

14

3 Environmental-related Issues and Problems in the Bay Regions of Batangas Province

19

4 Risk-ranking of Problems and Issues in the Bay Regions of Batangas Province

22

5 Implementation Summary Matrix 55

Annex

1 International Agreements and National Laws

67

2a Summary of the Strategic Environmental Management Plan of the Batangas Bay Region

70

2b Summary of the ICM Plan of the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region

74

3 Proposed Ordinance Strengthening The Institutional Mechanisms for Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) in Batangas and Amending Provincial Ordinance 96-01

76

4 Ex-post Evaluation Performance Indicators 91 5 Annual Budget Allocation 94

BABR Balayan and Adjacent bays Region BAB-ICMB Balayan and Adjacent Bays Integrated Coastal Management

Board BB-ICMB Batangas Bay Integrated Coastal Management Board BBR Batangas Bay Region BCRMF Batangas Coastal Resources Management Foundation, Inc. BEPC Batangas Environmental Protection Council BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources BOT Build-Operate-Transfer BBREPC Batangas Bay Region Environmental Protection Council CPLUP Comprehensive Provincial Land Use Plan DENR-CENRO

Community Environment and Natural Resource Office of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources

DENR-PENRO

Provincial Environment and Natural Resource Office of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources

DTI Department of Trade and Industry GIS Geographic Information Systems ICEC Information, Communication, Education and Capacity-Building ICM Integrated Coastal Management ICMC Integrated Coastal Management Council IIMS Integrated Information Management System LGU Local Government Unit MAO Municipal Agriculture Office MARINA Maritime Industry Authority MBI Market-Based Instruments MENRO Municipal Environment and Natural Resource Office MLC Municipal Legislative Office MPDC Municipal Planning and Development Office MTO Municipal Tourism Office NGO Non-Government Organization NIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas Act Systems PAO Provincial Agriculture Office PCG Philippine Coast Guard PDP Provincial Development Plan PEMSEA Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East

Asia

PG-ENRO Provincial Government - Environment and Natural Resource Office

PLC Provincial Legislative Council PMA Pollution Management Appraisal PPA Philippine Ports Authority PPFP Provincial Physical Framework Plan PPDO Provincial Planning and Development Office PTO Provincial Tourism Office RA 8550 Republic Act 8550 otherwise known as the Fisheries Code of the

Philippines RA 9003 Republic Act 9003 otherwise known as the Comprehensive Solid

Waste Management Act of the Philippines TAB-ICMB Tayabas and Adjacent Bays Integrated Coastal Management

Board TEG Technical Experts Group TWG Technical Working Group SEMP-BBR Strategic Environmental Management Plan of the Batangas Bay

Region WWF-Phils World Wide Fund - Philippines

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The preparation of this Strategic Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) for the Batangas Province was coordinated by the Provincial Government of Batangas. The inputs and support which have been very significant in the completion of this particular effort, from the stakeholders of the Batangas Bay Region, Batangas Bay Region Environmental Protection Council, Balayan and Adjacent Bays in Calatagan Peninsula Region, Tayabas and Adjacent Bays Region and the Provincial Government of Batangas, especially Engr. Evelyn L. Estigoy, Head of the Provincial Government- Environment and Natural Resources Office, other relevant provincial government offices, and all 22 municipal/city Local Government Units Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Offices; Municipal Planning and Development Coordinators and Municipal Agriculture Offices; Non-Government Offices; Peoples Organizations and National Government Agencies is acknowledged. Major technical and financial support was provided by the Global Environment Facility/United Nations Development Programme/Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia, particularly the following: Dr. Chua Thia-Eng, PEMSEA Regional Programme Director; Mr. S. Adrian Ross, Senior Programme Officer and Ms. Bresilda M. Gervacio, PEMSEA Site Officer are likewise recognized.

Geographical Scope of the Bay RegionsGeographical Scope of the Bay RegionsGeographical Scope of the Bay RegionsGeographical Scope of the Bay Regions

The Province of Batangas is located along the southwestern edge of the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is part of the Southern Tagalog Region and is bordered by the provinces of Cavite in the north and Laguna and Quezon in the east. The province has a land area of approximately 3,165.81 square kilometers (sq km) and consists of 31 municipalities and three cities. There are three major bays in the province, namely Batangas Bay, Balayan and Adjacent Bays, and Tayabas and Adjacent Bays.

Batangas Bay forms a semi-enclosed body of water, with an average depth of

about 55 meters and a total area of about 220 sq. km. The management area of Batangas Bay called the Batangas Bay Region (BBR) has a total land area of 1,461 sq. km, and a coastline measuring 92 km. Within this region lie 14 coastal and inland cities and municipalities. Batangas City and the municipalities of San Pascual and parts of Lobo together with Tingloy, Mabini and Bauan comprise the coastline of Batangas Bay Region. The inland city/municipalities include Lipa, San Jose, Ibaan, Cuenca, Alitagtag, Padre Garcia, Rosario and Taysan.

The Balayan and Adjacent Bays (BAB) consists of Balayan Bay, Nasugbu Bay,

Talin Bay and Pagapas Bay. The Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region (BABR), comprising of 12 municipalities has a total land area of 1,089 sq km, and a coastline of around 300 kms. The municipalities of Nasugbu, Lian, Calatagan, Calaca, Balayan Lemery, Taal, San Luis, parts of Tingloy, and parts of Bauan and Mabini and Tuy. Taal Lake is a freshwater body linked to Balayan Bay by Pansipit River and is considered a major water body in the province.

Tayabas and Adjacent Bays (TAB) are shared by the provinces of Batangas and

Quezon. Sigayan Bay and Coloconto Bay are minor enclaves within Tayabas Bay. The Tayabas and Adjacent Bays Region (TABR), comprises the coastal municipality of San Juan and parts of Lobo and the inland municipalities of Rosario and Padre Garcia and the City of Lipa. The total land area of TABR is 958.65 sq km., while its coastline is around 100 kms.

State of Environment and Resource Management in the

Bay Regions

In totality, the three bay regions are essentially agricultural. Built-up areas such as human settlements are increasing especially in the coastal area. An increasing endeavor is the commercial raising of livestock, making the province, especially the Batangas Bay Region, a primary supplier of poultry and meat products in Southern Tagalog and Metro Manila.

Owing to its comparative advantage and accessibility to Metro Manila and to

other Southern Tagalog producer-provinces, Batangas is becoming a major industrial and commercial province in the country. From 1998 to 2002, industrial and commercial establishments in the three bay regions increased by 36%. The coastline of Batangas Bay is continuously serving the industrial, residential, commercial, and transportation needs of various sectors. While some industries are cropping up in the BABR, its coastline is still generally being utilized for residential, commercial, transportation, and recreational purposes while the coastline of Tayabas Bay basically provides the venue for residential and recreational activities.

Port development especially in Batangas Bay has taken significant development

which led to more intensified navigation and port-related activities. The first of the four phases of port development has been completed in 1998 while the second phase had started in 1999. From 1998 to 2002, shipping activities intensified as shown by increases in shipping traffic, cargo traffic and passenger traffic.

The extensive use of resources in the bay regions extends to the marine territory.

Fish production in Batangas province increased by 24% from 1999 to 2002, however fish production sufficiency analysis revealed that production still has fallen short of per capita consumption. In general, catch per unit effort has been declining in the three bay regions, especially in Batangas Bay Region. A recent length-frequency survey, reveals that some fish species are under threat of being overfished in Balayan and Adjacent Bays.

The Balayan and its Adjacent Bays and Tayabas Bay are biodiversity refuge

compared to Batangas Bay. San Juan along Tayabas Bay has 496 hectares of mangroves and swamp areas, of which over 100 hectares are intact, the largest in all of Batangas Province. In BAB, there are at least 319 coral species, of which eight are considered rare. Independent surveys revealed that the coral reefs in the southern part of Balayan Bay have generally improved and 25 coral species found in the area are new additions to the Philippines. Taal Lake is a declared protected area and is also a major tourist destination.

International agreements, National Laws and Local

Initiatives

Local initiatives to protect the environment in Batangas find support from various international conventions where the Philippines is a signatory and from national laws and programs relevant to the environmental management of the province’s bay regions. During the mid 90’s there were two important planning documents that paved the way for rapid industrialization of the province of Batangas, the 1995-2000 Comprehensive Provincial Land Use Plan (CPLUP), also known as the Provincial Physical Framework Plan (PPFP), and the Provincial Development Plan (PDP), 1999-2001. These plans principally focus on heavy physical infrastructure. Notably, the targets set by these plans, especially agro-industrialization, have been mostly achieved and are felt today, more importantly in the Batangas Bay Region, with the effects radiating to the neighboring bay regions.

Both the Provincial Development Plan (PDP) and the Provincial Physical

Framework Plan (PPFP) are now being updated. In this regard, it is very timely that the conservation of the bays in the province and the integrated approach in developing the bay regions can be put forward among provincial planners and policy makers. The PPFP is focused mainly on the terrestrial aspects of the Province’s development. This SEMP could augment the physical framework plan by integrating the coastal/marine concerns into the terrestrial-based activities of the province.

In 1996, the Provincial Government formulated a 25-year Strategic

Environmental Management Plan for the Batangas Bay Region (SEMP-BBR). It envisages the Batangas Bay Region as models for the achievement of economic growth while simultaneously guaranteeing environmental integrity. Replicating this effort, an Integrated Coastal Management Plan for Balayan and Adjacent Bays was developed and approved in 2004. However, as rapid growth and development continue to occur in Batangas, more environmental issues and new challenges have to be addressed. While the social capital favoring conservation in Batangas is evidently present, the challenge of integration and coordination remains. The institutional framework to make integration work in an ecosystem-wide management framework and setting has so far eluded ICM practitioners. Initial work has been done to build constituencies and pooling together limited resources, from state actors to the private sector and civil society. Much work still remains to be done to achieve effective integration in the management of coastal and marine resources.

Identification and Classification of Issues and Problems

The three bay regions are facing countless environmental problems and issues that are complicated but are very much interrelated. The SEMP of the Batangas Bay Region and the ICM Plan of the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region and some relevant studies on the Tayabas Bay Region provided data and information to the identification of these issues and problems. The current environmental issues are identified with a view to establish a framework for specific actions to address the environmental problems in

Batangas. The issues and problems initially culled from various reports and existing planning documents were later verified, validated, refined, and classified through several planning and consultation workshops and round-table discussions attended by representatives of stakeholders. The issues were analyzed in terms of the problems and causes and were categorized into five major areas of concerns: waste generation and disposal activities, fishery resources, biodiversity and habitat, underground water, and sustainability through institutionalization and community participation.

Waste generation and management. Solid wastes, industrial

and agricultural wastes and ship and port wastes compromise the integrity of surface and marine waters, if they are not managed adequately. The solid waste issue is analyzed in terms of accumulation and inadequacy of waste disposal facilities. Although there are efforts to promote recycling and reuse of wastes, the lack of incentives discouraged the interest and enthusiasm on these waste minimization efforts. Indiscriminate dumping of wastes is commonly observed in many areas due to weak implementation of penalties for this act. The open and unsanitary dumpsites aggravate the problem of accumulation. Very few controlled disposal facilities exist in the province. The weak technical and financial capability of local governments to support comprehensive waste management as required in RA 9003 is seen as a significant factor, among others, affecting solid waste generation, accumulation, and disposal.

The disposal of untreated industrial and agricultural wastes in tributaries

and coastal marine waters is caused by inadequate treatment facilities in both groups of industries. Waste water treatment facilities are poorly functioning, have inadequate capacity or are simply non-existent. Likewise, the weak implementation of regulations on industrial waste by enforcement agencies, encourage polluters to be less vigilant in their waste generation and disposal activities. Oil spills and discharges from industries are also seen to create risks given the petrochemical and energy industries along Batangas Bay and Balayan Bay.

Shipping activities and expansion of port facilities have generated ship

and port-related wastes that eventually are dumped in the bay waters. This is more intensely felt in Batangas Bay and the related problems are ship collision and oil spill due to increasing vehicle traffic. Illegal discharge of wastes from shipping vessels has also been observed and the port authorities of Batangas noted that the inadequate collection and disposal system of the port cannot cope with the demand of the increasing vessel and passenger traffic.

Results of water quality monitoring done for Batangas Bay, shows that

pollution status in terms of oil and grease content has worsened significantly. Fortunately however, water quality has not deteriorated significantly in terms of dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrates and phosphates.

Fishery resources.... This issue is analyzed in terms of declining fish

catch and decreasing effective area of fishing. The decline in fish catch arises from population pressure and increasing fish efforts and the use of illegal fishing

methods. The decline in effective area for fishing is attributed to the multiple uses of the bays, encroachment by commercial fishers, and the conduct of reclamation projects. The issue on the use of destructive fishing methods is still rampant and an obvious violation of RA 8550.

Biodiversity and habitat. The destruction of shoreline,

mangroves, and other ecological habitats are due to the pressures exerted by the community on these habitats as well as abuse of foreshore lease agreements. Illegal titling of shorelines is also observed which limits access to this resource.

Underground water. The industrial path taken by the province has

led to the fast extraction of underground water for household, commercial, and industrial uses. There is a growing concern that the current extraction rates, especially in Batangas Bay Region, are relatively faster than optimal. Most of the wells had been abandoned due to lowered piezometric levels and/or reduced well capacity. The existing withdrawal from wells has caused considerable depletion of groundwater resources, so that current drilling projects reach depths of up to 240 meters.

Community participation. This is a cross-cutting concern

emphasizing that the process of involving the community and building a constructive partnership with them in the implementation of ICM has been slow. Despite the increasing number of participatory initiatives in Batangas, most of these are still only “islands of successes”. Weak community participation can be explained by a set of causal factors and this constitutes the nexus of inadequate education and awareness, weak functional organization of communities that hinders sustained and effective participation, fragmented information base, limited representation and coordination in the formulation and enforcement of plans, policies, and programs, and weak enforcement capabilities that allows non-compliance to environmental laws and regulations.

Prioritization of Issues Using Risk Ranking

A comparative risk approach was taken which evaluates the environmental issues on the basis of the risks and their impacts on human health, the ecosystem and the socio-economic life of the people. This approach ensures allocation of scarce resources effectively while expanding a dialogue among stakeholders. Risk ranking in this particular planning process required the development of categorical rankings of risks to (1) human health, i.e. as they may cause mortality and morbidity, (2) ecosystems, i.e. as they may affect biodiversity and integrity of habitats, and (3) socio-economic conditions of stakeholders, i.e. as they affect livelihood, food security, and/or cause poverty. The risk ranking provides a basis for prioritizing action programs that correspond to these problem/opportunity areas. A problem or issue is ranked “1” if the risk is evident or likely to affect all three - human health, ecosystems, and socio-economic conditions of the stakeholders. Otherwise, the problem or issue is ranked “0”.

Results of the comparative risk ranking showed that among the problems associated with the issue of waste generation and disposal, the accumulation of solid wastes, inadequate solid waste disposal facilities and the disposal of untreated industrial and agricultural wastes are of high priority given a categorical ranking of 1. Oil spill and ship collision and illegal waste discharge of ships are considered important, however, ranking was 0 in view of the spatial extent of their effects which are more localized than general. Action programs directed to address issues on fishery resources should focus on the declining fish harvest as the priority problem, given a rank of 1. Destruction of shoreline and mangroves was also ranked 1 and was considered as the more significant problem in the issue of biodiversity and habitat. Likewise, the depletion of underground water was considered of priority and was given a rank of 1. Community participation was considered a highly significant issue with both the problem of insufficient and ineffective participation and weak enforcement capabilities getting a rank of 1.

Vision, Mission, Goals and Objectives

Vision: Batangas is a socially and economically developed community of

responsible citizenry committed and empowered to be good stewards of our environment and natural resources.

Mission: To mobilize partnerships and strengthen capability among the local

government units, national government agencies, private sectors, non-government organizations, volunteer groups, social/civic organizations and coastal community and residents for sustained integrated coastal management.

Goal: To achieve a healthy and acceptable balance between the overall

economic development and the conservation of resources and protection of the environment through sustainable application of integrated coastal management efforts.

Objectives:

1. To strengthen multi-stakeholder participation by establishing institutional

mechanisms that will encourage mobilization and capacity building of communities, organizations, and agencies in the sustainable integrated management of the province’s bay-regions.

2. To improve management of municipal solid wastes and industrial and

agricultural wastes, thereby minimizing their pollution impacts on the bays and other water bodies in the province,

3. To restore and manage the province’s terrestrial, coastal marine and

freshwater habitat and ecosystems and conserve its biodiversity for the benefit of the present as well as the future population of Batangas.

4. To protect and manage ground and surface water resources of the province’s bay-regions,

5. To protect the fishery resources of the province that will ensure food

security

Strategies and Action Programs

1. Institutional Development and Integrated Planning

Systems

A three-tiered multi-stakeholder institutional mechanism is established that will supervise, coordinate, and mobilize participation and capacity-building among communities, organizations, and agencies, to ensure collective, responsive and pro-active actions towards sustainable environmental management of the province’s bay-regions. Integrated planning systems and policy directions will be enhanced at the provincial, bay-region, and municipal level, while capacity building and information sharing will be undertaken and intensified. The land and water use plans of the municipalities will be harmonized at all levels. An environmental code will be formulated and the concerned institutions, i.e. councils/boards and participating communities, organizations and agencies, will undergo capacity-building in order for them to responsibly address critical environmental issues and resolve possible resource use conflicts. It is expected that the three-tiered multi-stakeholder institutions to be established will be responsible in supervising the implementation of the various action programs pursuant to and as aligned with this SEMP. Sustainable financing mechanisms (i.e. payment for environmental services, establishment of trust funds, private-private partnerships, polluters’ pay, etc.) will likewise be initiated to ensure a stable source of funding for all these SEMP-related activities, and thus attain sustainability.

2. Waste Waste Waste Waste Management (Solid Wastes and Industrial and

Agricultural Wastes)

The action program on Municipal Solid Waste Management will complement the initiatives of the Provincial Solid Waste Management Board and that of the respective City/Municipal Solid Waste Management Boards, pursuant to RA 9003 or the Solid Waste Management Act. Information, communication, education and capacity-building activities (ICEC) will be intensified to mobilize the municipality, barangay, community, households and other sectors to minimize wastes, do segregation and recycling, and ensure proper disposal of wastes. Material recovery facilities (MRFs) will be developed at the community, barangay and municipal levels and their sustainable operation will be ensured with the collection of garbage fees and promotion of income generation from recycling. The establishment of sanitary landfills or controlled dumpsites will be

carried out by the LGUs with adequate and intensive consultations with the community in terms of identification of location of dumpsite, prospecting potential private sector partners who could provide technical and financial complements to LGU capability and resources, formulation of an implementation plan and development of the sanitary landfill project.

The action program on Industrial and Agricultural Waste Management highlights the strengthening of community and LGU participation in the EIA system. Likewise, the program will build on the initiatives of BICMF such as the vigorous pursuance of the voluntary agreements and pollution management appraisals and audits. The existing multi-agency pollution monitoring team will be revived and strengthened; capacity will be developed among its members to effectively monitor mitigating measures by industries. The services of the Batangas Environment Laboratory will be maximized in conducting water quality monitoring and evaluation surveys in the three bays and among pollution point sources. A quick response system will mobilize the participation of industries, academe, local governments, civil society and media in promptly responding and undertaking mitigating measures to pollution related events such as oil spills. The establishment of environmental guarantee fund from industries and development projects will be pursued to ensure sufficient funds for rehabilitation and recovery of areas damaged by industrial and commercial activities.

3. Habitat Restoration and Management

This action program will ensure rehabilitation, protection, and management of the ecologically important habitat and ecosystems of the three bay-regions in the province, i.e. forests, mangroves, wetlands, estuarine, rivers, seagrass beds, and coral reefs, towards protecting biodiversity. A network of protected and/or conservation areas among these life-support systems will be established, which will be managed principally by the communities and stakeholders themselves. This will be preceded and/or complemented with sound scientific researches, establishment of databases and IEC campaigns. Rehabilitation and restoration of critical areas, i.e. rivers (especially Pansipit and Calumpang Rivers), mangroves, and degraded lands, will be initiated, including the establishment and/or designation of green belts/buffer areas and urban waterfront reserves.

4. Water Resources Protection and Management

The ground and surface water resources of the province’s bay-regions will be protected and managed. Concerned stakeholders will be mobilized through information, capacity building and education programs, to help protect, rehabilitate and manage critical watersheds, and rationalize the use of water through regulation and market based instruments. Reforestation, establishment of urban farms and gardens, tapping of substitute water sources aside from ground and surface (i.e. rainwater) for industrial uses, and similar initiatives will be promoted.

5. . . . Fisheries Protection and Management

The ultimate aim of this action program is to contribute to the province’s food security by ensuring sustainable stock of marine and freshwater fish species. Illegal and destructive forms of fishing will be adequately addressed by mobilizing communities and public support in marine law enforcement. Scientific investigations on the status of fisheries will be undertaken to facilitate an informed policy decision- making process relative to protection as well as utilization of these resources, pursuant to RA 8550 or the Fisheries Code of 1998. Coastal marine-based and freshwater-based enterprises and livelihood and eco-tourism development will likewise be promoted.

Implementation Arrangements and Schedule

Relationship with Other Plans. This Strategic Environmental

Management Plan directly supports the Philippine Agenda 21 and the Philippine National Development Plan by adopting and utilizing an ecosystem, community-centered and multi-sectoral approach in the management of natural resources. At the provincial level, it is envisioned that this SEMP will be integrated into the Provincial Physical Framework Plan and the Provincial Development Plan, both of which are currently being updated. The SEMP will be directly interacting with the 25-year Strategic Environmental Management Plan for the Batangas Bay Region (SEMP-BBR) formulated in 1996 and the 20-year Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) Plan of the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region adopted and endorsed by the Provincial Development Council in 2004.

It is expected that this SEMP, while complementing the Provincial Development Plan and the Provincial Physical Framework Plan, will provide the overall framework in the sustainable management of the three bay regions in the province, under the supervision of the Batangas Environmental Protection Council. The bay region-specific environmental management and/or integrated coastal management plans to be implemented and/or currently implemented by the concerned agencies and institutions under the supervision and management of their respective bay region boards, will complement and/or be aligned with this SEMP. This SEMP is designed as well to fill-up gaps that were later on realized after the formulation of the respective bay region-specific environmental management or ICM plans. Further, this SEMP will also guide the formulation of future related plans in any of the bay regions.

Organization and Management Arrangements. The

implementation of this SEMP will be guided by the principles of multi-sectoral and participatory management. Partnerships will be pursued, while at the same time the capacity and capability of stakeholders are being strengthened so that the stakeholders are able to contribute significantly to the implementation of this SEMP.

Through an ordinance, an apex multi-sectoral body called the BEPC will be organized at the provincial level, headed by the Provincial Governor, and composed of the chairs of the three bay regions and representatives from relevant stakeholders. The BEPC will be presided by the Governor while the PG-ENRO will provide the secretariat support. The BEPC will also facilitate information sharing among the three bay regions. A Technical Experts Group, chaired by the head of the Secretariat, and composed of relevant government and non-government agencies and organizations will be organized to provide technical support to the BEPC. The agency-members of the TEG will directly and jointly implement the action strategies and/or programs and projects of this SEMP.

Through the same provincial ordinance, a Balayan and Adjacent Bays ICM Board

(BAB-ICMB) and a Tayabas and Adjacent Bays ICM Board (TAB-ICMB) will be created, while the existing Batangas Bay Region Environmental Protection Council (BBREPC) will be converted into a Batangas Bay ICM Board (BB-ICMB). The bay region ICM Boards will be composed of the city/municipal mayors of the cities and municipalities covered by the bay region, as well representatives of the various stakeholders in the bay regions. Each ICM Board will be chaired by one of the mayors, elected by the members for a term of one year. The provincial government office responsible for the dominant sector in the bay region will provide the secretariat as well as technical and administrative support to the bay-wide ICM Boards. The ICM Boards will provide inter-municipal, and multi-sectoral policy direction, coordination and integration in accordance with their environmental management or ICM plan. Each bay region board will be supported by a Technical Working Group, composed of relevant government and non-government agencies and organizations operating in the specific bay region.

At the city/municipal level, an ICM Council (ICMC) will be created and will be

chaired by the concerned City/Municipal Mayor. The City/Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officers (C/MENROs), or the City/Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator (C/MPDC) will provide the secretariat support. The ICM Council, to be composed of as many, but manageable number of representatives from various stakeholders, will be responsible in ensuring implementation of ICM initiatives at the municipal level.

The Provincial Government of Batangas, through the Batangas Environmental

Protection Council (BEPC) and the bay region boards, the concerned city/municipal local government units, national and provincial government agencies, as well as the organized civil society, private business, academe, and people’s organizations, will be the main executing units of this SEMP. The Local Chief Executives together with their respective environmental management offices, planning offices, agricultural offices and the Sangguniang Bayan, especially the chairmen on environment, will play major roles in spearheading the various area-specific programs, projects, and activities.

Implementation Schedule.... The implementation of this SEMP covers a

15-year period from 2005 to 2020. The first year is focused on organizing multi-stakeholder participation in plan implementation, establishing baselines information and management systems, detailed design of programs and projects, and initial implementation of some programs and projects. The next five to fifteen years shall build on what have been put in place during the first year. The activities shall include

full implementation by various stakeholders of the programs and projects designed during the first phase, activating and strengthening the information and management systems, and continuous policy development and implementation oversight by the three-tier management bodies.

Monitoring and Evaluation.... The monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of

the SEMP implementation will be the main responsibility of the Secretariat of the Councils/Boards. A detailed plan implementation monitoring and evaluation system will be formulated during the inception stage and will establish specific measurable environmental management indicators reflective of the distinct characteristics of the action programs’ strategic activities. A preliminary list of the expected outputs or success indicators is provided, most of which are quantitative and output-biased but they allow for on-going learning, correction and adjustment. Other indicators require the generation of documents, plans and proceedings as proof of activities undertaken and their corresponding results and output. The M&E system will provide reporting formats, including the frequency of its generation and submission to appropriate entities; establish and maintain data base and information feedback system for effective integrated management of the area’s coastal marine and terrestrial resources.

Aside from the regular conduct of monitoring and evaluation, midterm and ex-

post evaluation will be conducted. The midterm evaluation will review the activities, evaluate their results, assess their impacts and make recommendations on measures for improvement and extension of demonstrable experience. The ex-post evaluation will look into the outcomes or impact of SEMP implementation in both environmental and the socio-economic conditions in the area, as well as the performance of the different multi-stakeholder arrangements, and the effectiveness and sustainability of the SEMP implementation strategies, approaches, processes and techniques. Indicators for the midterm and ex-post evaluation can be categorized into five major categories – state, pressure, process, sustainability and impact indicators.

Revision and Implementation Improvement of the Plan. The

periodic monitoring and evaluation, will serve as opportunities for the provincial BEPC, the bay region boards, and the city/municipal ICM councils to review and, if necessary, modify the existing policies, implementation strategies, programs, projects, approaches, processes and techniques in order to make them more appropriate to the conditions and requirements of particular areas or communities. To improve SEMP implementation, the Secretariat of the Councils/Boards will document early recognizable “success stories” in the course of monitoring and evaluation so that lessons from its initial programs, projects and activities can be communicated to concerned key actors and stakeholders.

Any changes in the SEMP in terms of scope, duration, and implementation

arrangements of specific major programs or projects will be subject to the approval of the bay region board, and if necessary by the provincial BEPC, with prior consultations with the concerned stakeholders and the concurrence of donor institutions, where applicable.

Financial Implications

The implementation of the SEMP requires the allocation of resources not normally appropriated by LGUs, however, there are related budget lines which are regularly funded and which can be realigned to fund the proposed strategic actions in the Plan. An example is the 20% Development Fund from which LGUs are mandated to allocate at least 20% to Human and Ecological Security (HES) activities. Also HEIs allocate at least ten percent of their budget for research and community service activities and this can be directed towards ICM related projects.

To support the implementation of programs listed in the SEMP, the stakeholders

identified possible sources and corresponding ballpark amount and came up with an indicative figure of 737.76 million pesos. This figure represents only the direct operational costs associated with activities and does not include salaries, equipment and working spaces. Regular appropriations from LGUs will be the main bulk of the sources of funds complemented by support from national agencies, the private sector and funds from sustainable financing mechanisms to be established.

Support from diverse interest groups should therefore be sought and the

challenge is to mobilize the private sector, national and local resources, and even foreign assistance or international funding institutions to finance these plans. The sourcing can be undertaken by the province-wide BEPC, the bay region boards, through their Secretariat and TWG, and also directly by the city/municipal ICM councils. Innovative schemes can serve to cushion the impact of additional financial requirements. Various market instruments such as trust funds, fees, and charges provide new opportunities for increased funds, and they are likely to play increasingly important roles in the future.

Geographical Scope of the

Bay Regions

The Province of Batangas is located along the southwestern edge of the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is part of the Southern Tagalog Region and is bordered by the provinces of Cavite in the north and Laguna and Quezon in the east. The province is facing the South China Sea on its west and the island of Mindoro in the south. The Verde Island Passage separates Batangas from the island of Mindoro.

The province has a land area of approximately 3,165.81 square kilometers (sq km) and consists of 31 municipalities and three cities. There are three major bays in the province of Batangas, namely: Batangas Bay, Balayan and Adjacent Bays, and Tayabas and Adjacent Bays.

Batangas Bay forms a semi-enclosed body of water, with an average depth of about 55 meters which renders itself ideal for international port and harbor development. It has a total area of about 220 sq km. Batangas Bay hosts an international sea port and majority of the big industries in the province including the processing plants of the natural gas piped in from

Fig. 1. Map of Batangas Province

Malampaya found offshore of Palawan. The management area of Batangas Bay called the Batangas Bay Region (BBR) is in the southern part of Batangas Province. Its total land area is around 1,461 sq km, while its coastline measures 92 km. Its southwestern boundary extends to the municipality of Tingloy in Maricaban Island, while the north and west boundaries are delineated by the watersheds and/or municipalities that drain into Batangas Bay. Within this region lie 14 coastal

and inland cities and municipalities. On the western part, BBR is separated from the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region by a land mass called the Calumpang Peninsula, where the municipalities of Mabini and Bauan are located. Batangas City and the municipalities of San Pascual and parts of Lobo together with Tingloy, Mabini and Bauan comprise the coastline of Batangas Bay Region. The inland city/municipalities include Lipa, San Jose, Ibaan, Cuenca, Alitagtag, Padre Garcia, Rosario and Taysan. A major river, Calumpang River, drains into Batangas Bay from as far as the inland city of Lipa.

The Balayan and Adjacent Bays is located in the western side of Batangas Province, northwest of Batangas Bay. The adjacent bays of Balayan Bay are Nasugbu Bay and Talin Bay, found west of Calatagan Peninsula, and Pagapas Bay, south of Calatagan Peninsula. Nasugbu Bay, where Fortune Island is located and Talin Bay are facing the South China Sea. Meanwhile, Janao Bay is an enclave of Balayan Bay, located east of Mabini and Bauan towns. The Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region (BABR) has a total land area of 1,089.26 sq km, and a coastline of around 300 kms. The coastal marine area is approximately 2,260 sq km. BABR comprises of 12 municipalities. The municipalities of Nasugbu, Lian and Calatagan are located within Calatagan Peninsula. The towns bordering Balayan Bay are Balayan, Calaca, Lemery, Taal, San Luis, parts of Tingloy, and parts of Bauan and Mabini in Calumpang Peninsula. Tuy is a landlocked municipality that hosts Benangbang River, a major river system that drains into Balayan Bay. The island municipality of Tingloy is separated from Calumpang Peninsula by Maricaban Strait. Located in Balayan and its Adjacent Bays Region is a mixture of fisheries, agriculture, tourism-related

establishments, and a number of medium and big industries.

Tayabas and Adjacent Bays is shared by the provinces of Batangas and Quezon. Sigayan Bay and Coloconto Bay are minor enclaves within Tayabas Bay, located within San Juan municipality. The Tayabas and Adjacent Bays Region (TABR), in the eastern portion of Batangas province comprises the coastal municipality of San Juan and parts of Lobo town and the inland municipalities of Rosario and Padre Garcia and the City of Lipa. The total land area of TABR is 958,65 sq km, while its coastline is around 100 kms. Marine turtles are still abundant in this area and sightings of other charismatic species such as dolphins are constantly reported. Major activities in the Tayabas and Adjacent Bays Region include agriculture, fisheries, and tourism. The region has long white and black sandy beaches, coves and marine life cradled at the foot of mountains and hills that are suitable for all levels of tourism development.

Another major body of water in the

province, worth noting is Taal Lake which is a freshwater body linked to Balayan Bay by Pansipit River. This river is the spawning route of a popular and expensive fish called maliputo (Caranx sp.). Taal lake has an area of approximately 239 sq. km. and the lakeshore circumference is about 267 kms. Within the lake is a volcano island with an area of around 24 sq. km. The average depth of Taal Lake is 60 meters; depth reaches to a maximum of almost 200 meters. The lake is surrounded by the cities of Lipa and Tanuan, and the municipalities of Agoncillo, Alitagtag, Talisay, Balete, Cuenca, Laurel, Mataasnakahoy, San Nicolas and Sta. Teresita.

State of Environment and

Resource Management in the

Bay Regions

In totality, the three bay regions

are essentially an agricultural area, devoting about 103,070 hectares representing 52.5 percent of its total area for crop production in 2003. Sugarcane, rice, corn, coconut, monoculture or in combination with fruits and other crops dominates the landscape of the three bay regions. Second growth forests occupy 35% of the province’s total land area but only 35% of these are considered productive. Forest trees are almost nonexistent in coastal areas, except for a few patches of mangroves in Nasugbu, Calatagan, Lobo and San Juan. Built-up areas such as human settlements are increasing especially in the coastal area. Nearing one-half (41.9%) of the province’s total population of 1.9 million is in the Batangas Bay Region. Consequently, it is the most densely populated among the three bay regions at 7.1 persons/hectare. One-third (31.7%) is in the Balayan and Adjacent Bay Region with a density of 5.5 persons/hectare. A little less than one-fourth (23.7) of the province’s total population is in the Tayabas Bay Region, with a density of 4.7 persons/hectares (PPDO, 2000). An increasing endeavor is the commercial raising of livestock, i.e. poultry and piggery, making the province, especially the Batangas Bay Region, a primary supplier of poultry and meat products in Southern Tagalog and Metro Manila. In 2002, the three bay regions have a total poultry and livestock population of 13,858,391, of which 97% were raised in the Batangas Bay Region while the Balayan Bay Region and the Tayabas Bay Region contributed 1% and 2%, respectively to the total. BBR supplies 30% of meat and poultry and 50% of the egg requirements of Metro Manila.

Owing to its comparative advantage and accessibility to Metro Manila and to other Southern Tagalog producer-provinces like Mindoro, Laguna and Cavite, Batangas is becoming a major industrial and commercial province in the country. The coastline of Batangas Bay is continuously serving the industrial, residential, commercial, and transportation needs of various sectors. While some industries are cropping up in the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region, its coastline is still generally being utilized for residential, commercial, transportation, and recreational purposes. Meanwhile, the coastline of Tayabas Bay basically provides the venue for residential and recreational activities.

From 1998 to 2002, industrial and commercial establishments in the three bay regions increased by 36%. Of this figure, 12% is accounted for by large industries, 4.5% by medium industries and more than 50% by small industries. Majority of the medium and large industries are located in the Batangas Bay Region, including enclaves of foreign locators operating in several industrial estates and parks.

Port development especially in Batangas Bay has taken significant development which led to more intensified navigation and port-related activities. The first of the four phases of port development has been completed in 1998 while the second phase had started in 1999. From 1998 to 2002, shipping activities intensified as shown by increases in shipping traffic of about 12%, cargo traffic of 20% and passenger traffic of 47%.

The extensive use of resources in the bay regions extends to the marine territory. Fish production in Batangas province increased from 37,969 metric tons (MT) in 1999 to 47,043 MT in 2002.

This is largely due, however, to the increasing production from the aquaculture sector, from 16,371 MT in 1999 to 23,772 MT in 2002. Notably, marine municipal fisheries almost equaled aquaculture in 1999 (16,996 MT), however, in 2002 marine municipal fisheries only increased by a mere eight percent (at 18,451 MT) compared to aquaculture’s almost 45% increase. A study conducted on fish production sufficiency analysis revealed that Batangas province has fallen short by 2,203 MT, i.e. fish production vis-à-vis per capita consumption (PAO/PPDO, 2000). In general, except for some areas, the catch per unit effort has been observed to be generally declining in the three bay regions, especially in the Batangas Bay Region. A recent length-frequency survey, reveals that some fish species are under threat of being overfished in Balayan and Adjacent Bays (Enderez, 2002)) and these include gulyasan, hasa-hasa, lagidlid, and tulingan.

The Balayan and its Adjacent Bays and Tayabas Bay are biodiversity refuge compared to Batangas Bay. The presence of charismatic species like the spinner dolphins, marine turtles, and sperm whales, indicate the bio-richness of these bays. Since they are top predators, their presence indicates copious amount of food resources in the area and are good bio-indicators of the richness of the bays’ coastal marine area. Also, in Balayan and its Adjacent Bays, there are at least 319 coral species, of which eight are considered rare; 32 mangrove and associated species; nine seagrass species; and 262 fish species. An independent survey in 2001 reveals that the coral reefs in the southern part of Balayan Bay (Bauan, Mabini and Tingloy) waters have generally improved (33% to 48%) compared to 1993 levels (White et al, 2001). Also, a 2003 survey showed that 25 coral species found in the area are

new additions to the Philippines and new records to the list previously published by Veron (2000). A tourism product inventory of San Juan along Tayabas Bay indicated that the municipality has 496 hectares of mangroves and swamp areas, of which over 100 hectares are intact, the largest in all of Batangas Province (Grey, 2002). In comparing Balayan Bay to other dive sites in the “Coral Triangle” (i.e. Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia), Fenner (2003) considers the coral fauna of this bay to be the most diverse considering the high number of species encountered in a limited number of dives.

Taal Lake was declared a

Protected Landscape by Proclamation 906 issued on October 6, 1996. The lake harbors two of the most economically important freshwater species in the province, the freshwater sardines (tawilis) and the carangidh (maliputo). It is also major production area for tilapia with around 10,000 units of fish cages. The whole length of Pansipit River (this river connects the lake to Balayan Bay) is declared a fish sanctuary. The western part of the volcano island is likewise declared a fish sanctuary. Aside from fisheries, the lake is also major tourist destination area for sight-seeing, boating, swimming, sailing, and water skiing.

International Agreements and

National Programs

As a show of support to the global concern for the protection of the environment and the preservation of natural resources, the Philippines is a signatory to the following international agreements: Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially of Waterfowl Habitat (RAMSAR 1971), Convention concerning the protection of

the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (Paris, 1972), Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (Washington, 1973), Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn, 1979), (e) Convention on the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region (1986), and Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD, 1992). It is imperative that the SEMP for Batangas is able to help ensure that the country is able to adhere to and actualize these agreements at both national and local levels.

There are national laws and programs relevant to the environmental management of the province’s bay-regions. Although the implementation of these laws is primarily the responsibility of the national agencies located in the province, the local government units also have their roles to play in ensuring the proper and full implementation of these relevant laws. Foremost among these laws are the following: the Fisheries Code, the National Integrated Protected Area System Act, the Clean Water Act, Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act, and the Environmental Solid Waste Management Act, among others (Annex 1). The institutions, existing and/or to be created, responsible for the implementation of the SEMP for Batangas province shall therefore have to ensure that the implementation of these relevant laws are properly coordinated at the provincial, bay-region wide, and municipal levels. These laws should also be complemented with and reinforced by corresponding local ordinances.

While there may be relevant national programs and projects implemented by the national agencies, their reach and impacts have to be intensified in the province. It will be the

responsibility of the implementing institutions of the SEMP for Batangas to create a synergy between and among these national programs and projects and the implementation of local programs and projects identified in the SEMP.

Local Initiatives, Trends and

Implications

During the mid 90’s there were two

important planning documents that paved the way for rapid industrialization of the province of Batangas. The 1995-2000 Comprehensive Provincial Land Use Plan (CPLUP), also known as the Provincial Physical Framework Plan (PPFP), sets the vision for a “Balanced Agro-Industrial Modernization and Ecologically Sustainable Development for Batangas Province”. It also sets a goal of transforming the Province from an agricultural area into an agro-industrial center by the beginning of this century. The other document that expounded the balanced agro-industrialization route was the Provincial Development Plan (PDP, 1999-2001) which incorporates and supports the key elements of the CALABARZON Master Plan, as well as the existing Municipal/City Development Plans, Region IV Development Plan, and the Tagaytay-Taal Master Plan.

These plans principally focus on heavy physical infrastructure, except for some areas like Maricaban Island, Mabini, Taal Lake, and the coastline of Lobo, San Juan and Nasugbu that were identified for coastal tourism. On the other hand, the whole of Balayan Bay was considered for conservation by these plans. Notably, the targets set by these plans, especially agro-industrialization, have been mostly achieved and are felt today, more importantly in the Batangas Bay Region.

Its effect, in terms of industrial and population growth, also radiated to the neighboring bay regions, in particular among the towns nearer to Batangas City, i.e Bauan, Mabini, and the now densely populated municipality of Taal. An important challenge among the LGUs along the coast of Batangas Bay and the Balayan and Adjacent Bays is to meet the anticipated volume of wastes generated by growth in industrialization and coastal settlements. Wastes and other forms of pollution inevitably flow to the coastal/marine waters.

Both the Provincial Development Plan (PDP) and the Provincial Physical Framework Plan (PPFP) are now being updated. In this regard, it is very timely that the conservation of the bays in the province and the integrated approach in developing the bay regions can be put forward among provincial planners and policy makers. For one, the PPFP is focused mainly on the terrestrial aspects of the Province’s development. This SEM Plan could augment the physical framework plan by merging the coastal/marine concerns into the terrestrial-based activities of the province.

Local impetus for conservation predates this Plan. In fact, it enjoys a long history dating back to the 70’s. Because their economies and livelihoods are entwined with tourism and fishery, the LGUs and the resort groups have economic incentives to invest in conservation activities. This is especially so in the towns of Mabini, Tingloy, Nasugbu, Calatagan, Balayan, San Luis, and San Juan. To date, these LGUs have been actively supporting marine law enforcement activities, through their Bantay Dagat volunteers. With the help of NGOs and POs, marine sanctuaries have been established, mangrove areas were reforested, livelihoods were created, innovative financing introduced, and other coastal

resources management activities were undertaken. In fact, initial successes have already been recorded. Some coral reefs in Mabini and Tingloy, improved in condition from “fair” to “good” and even to “excellent” in some stations.

In 1996, the Provincial Government formulated a 25-year Strategic Environmental Management Plan for the Batangas Bay Region (SEMP-BBR). It envisages the Batangas Bay Region and Batangas Bay as models for the achievement of economic growth while simultaneously guaranteeing environmental integrity. The SEMP-BBR serves as a blueprint or roadmap that prescribes the manner by which development should proceed without compromising the environment and natural resources. Its formulation was assisted by the Partnerships for Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia or PEMSEA, a UNDP-IMO Programme.

Replicating the above, an Integrated Coastal Management Project for Balayan and Adjacent Bays in Calatagan Peninsula was launched in 2000, through a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between the Provincial Government of Batangas, the World Wide Fund for Nature-Philippines (WWF-Phils), and the 11 western coastal municipalities. This paved the way for the formulation of an ICM Plan in 2003, which was later adopted and endorsed by the Provincial Development Council in 2004.

The Tayabas Bay Region has yet

to come up with its own ICM Plan. On the other hand, the Taal Volcano Protected Landscape, has its own conservation and development plan, and is managed by the national government (being part of the NIPAS Act) through a Protected Area Management Board (PAMB).

While the social capital favoring conservation in Batangas is evidently present, the challenge of integration and coordination remains. The institutional framework to make integration work and stick in an ecosystem-wide management framework and setting has so far eluded ICM practitioners. Initial work has been done to build constituencies and to pool together limited resources from state actors to the private sector and civil society. Much work still remains to be done to achieve effective integration in the management of coastal and marine resources.

The Strategic Environmental

Management Plan of Batangas

The SEMP-BBR encompasses

the entire BBR but the immediate focus was the coastal municipalities bordering Batangas Bay. The adoption of the Strategic Environmental Management Plan for the Batangas Bay Region ushered in the creation of the Batangas Bay Region Environmental Protection Council (BBR-EPC) and the Provincial Government- Environment and Natural Resource Office (PG-ENRO). BBR-EPC was created by virtue of Provincial Ordinance 01 series of 1996 and was established to supervise and control the formulation, adoption, governance and implementation and policy direction of the SEMP and subsequent environmental plan for the BBR. It is crucial to have a structure like the BBR-EPC backed by appropriate legislation and whose processes enable all parties to share information, explore differences and build trust to enhance the formulation of productive cross-sectoral relations and participate in shaping

outcomes. Likewise, the BBR-EPC was complemented by PG-ENRO, a permanent coordinating office within the framework of the local government which coordinated the various sectors and implemented the ICM program in the BBR. With clear directions set by the SEMP, (1) enforcement teams were established, (2) public awareness and education campaigns were conducted, (3) multisectoral efforts were harnessed and joined to monitor environmental changes, (4) mechanisms for managing multiple use conflicts were created and supported by developing a water use zonation plan and assessing risks, (5) an integrated waste management action plan was developed and short-term actions were initially taken, and (6) periodic monitoring and evaluation were put in place including regular reporting exercises and external evaluation at midterm and end of the project.

Despite progress in ICM made under the direction set by the SEMP, there are still some gaps that have to be addressed to deal with some uncertainties and expected outcomes that somehow constrained the smooth implementation and expansion of projects and activities. As rapid growth and development continue to occur in Batangas Province, more environmental issues and new challenges have to be addressed not only for the BBR but also for the whole province as well, especially in the management areas of two other major bays in Batangas Province - Balayan Bay and Tayabas Bay, and the freshwater Taal Lake. These could come either as unanticipated implementation questions or issues raised by changing circumstances and are enumerated below:

1. Water use zonation plan

developed as part of the SEMP cannot stand alone since water uses are related to land-based activities. Water use zonation is a logical extension and an integral part of land use and planning hence the functionality and implementation of water use plan significantly depends on its integration with existing land use plans. Figure 2 shows the dominant uses of land and water in the three bay regions which can serve as focal points for an integrated zonation plan. Likewise, Annex _ presents the approved zonation scheme for the Batangas Bay Region.

2. The enforcement team formed

ensured multi sectoral membership but was not able to fully mobilize the community in

enforcement and consequently making them co-owners and active partners of ICM projects. As the mechanism for enforcement expands and stabilized, the opportunity can be expanded and extended to combine enforcement and regulations with financing schemes through the application of market-based instruments.

3. Implementing the SEMP requires

a comprehensive and holistic approach to communication at the community level. There must be a process through which information is imparted to the public and to all stakeholders to increase their awareness, understanding and appreciation of ICM activities and their relevance.

TTaayyaabbaass

BBaayy

•Fishing

•Tourism

•Agriculture

•Recreation

•Biodiversity refuge

•Protected area

•Fishing

•Tourism

•Agriculture

•Protected area

•Biodiversity refuge

•Industrial

•Commercial

•Navigation/ port activities

•Biodiversity

•conservation

4. The institutional mechanism has been established and the coordination office has been made operational, but LGU empowerment to initiate and sustain the environmental program at the grassroots level is weak. An updated SEMP could emphasize on the setting up of MENROs and the development of city/municipal ICM plans with the active participation of communities.

5. The SEMP is flexible enough to

allow for replication but updating is needed to accommodate differences in specific intents and target population. Areas for replication would do well by looking at the experiences of BBR and reflecting on how their assets and opportunities are alike or different. Common threads of experiences may become apparent and with this, the SEMP is used to maximize situational strengths, minimize weaknesses and take advantage of available opportunities.

6. With the replication in Balayan

Bay and the wider geographical coverage of ICM program in Batangas, the development of a wide range of strategic partnership is important.

The updated SEMP therefore

should be flexible enough to modify, refine, widen and improve its interventions as more information is generated and accumulated from experience. As can be seen in the succeeding chapters, this province-wide SEMP incorporates early recognizable success stories and lessons from the initial programs, projects and activities of the SEMP-BBR as inputs to replication and expansion. This provides the

updated SEMP a more comprehensive framework towards focused and more concerted efforts in integrated coastal management among the three bay regions in the province - Batangas Bay, Balayan and Adjacent Bays, Tayabas and Adjacent Bays together with Taal Lake, a freshwater lake earlier declared as a protected landscape. The geographical coverage of three bay regions represents a significant scaling up from the BBR coverage. Likewise, the issues tackled have expanded to cover biodiversity and habitat, fishery resources, and underground water in addition to waste generation and management, the major concern in the SEMP-BBR. Consequently, programs and strategies developed were geared to address these issues and provide technical intervention along these lines.

The Batangas Bay Environmental Protection Council (BBREPC) that provided the institutional support to the SEMP-BBR will be expanded into the Batangas Environmental Protection Council (BEPC) that will serve as the umbrella institutional mechanism to provide the venue for the formulation of cross-bay region policies and relations. PG-ENRO will still be the main coordinating office but will be actively supported by MENROs and MPDCs who will take care of major issues and programs at the bay region levels.

Community participation, an

important segment where significant progress was not achieved in the SEMP-BBR will be harnessed to the fullest via the city/municipal ICM councils. Lessons from success stories have resulted in the simplification of some rules and procedures for local stakeholders,

particularly the communities to assume more responsible roles in ICM.

An appropriate legislation will be effected to back-up the above mechanism that will ensure coordination from top to bottom in the scaling up process.

Identification and

Classification of Issues

and Problems

Owing to the vastness of the area, both coastal/marine and terrestrial, the large size of population and the intensive utilization of land and water resources, the three bay regions combined are facing countless environmental problems and issues. These issues and problems, complicated and numerous as they are, however, are very much interrelated. The SEMP of the Batangas Bay Region and the ICM Plan of the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region and some of the relevant studies on the Tayabas Bay Region provided much data and information for the identification of these issues and problems. Specifically, the two earlier mentioned documents were outputs of several baseline studies and series of consultations among stakeholders, i.e. government, NGOs and POs, industries, academe, tourism sector and fisher folk, among others.

The current environmental issues are identified with a view to establish a framework for specific actions to address the environmental problems in Batangas. Efforts shall be made to

integrate and/or coordinate initiatives with the PAMB of Taal Volcano Protected Landscape in order to be able to holistically cover the whole province’s environmental management efforts.

Through the leadership of the PG-

ENRO, the Technical Working Group and several partner organizations, the issues and problems were initially culled from various reports and existing planning documents. These were later verified, validated, refined, and classified through several planning and consultation workshops and round-table discussions, attended by stakeholders from both the provincial level and coastal municipalities throughout the three bay regions. The issues were analyzed in terms of the problems and causes and were categorized and grouped and linkages between issues were established.

The identified environmental

management issues of the three bay regions are complex but interrelated. They can be classified, however, into five major areas of concerns, listed herein in no particular order: (i) waste generation and management, (ii) fishery resources, (iii) biodiversity and habitat, (iv) underground water, and (v) sustainability through institutionalization

and community participation. Spatially, however, the above may vary in terms of intensity, but are nevertheless common, among the three bay regions.

Waste generation and

management

The issue on waste generation and management encompasses three major types of wastes produced in Batangas: solid wastes, industrial and agricultural wastes and ship and port wastes.

Solid waste generation and

disposal

This issue is common among all

three bay regions, both in terms of generation and accumulation and inadequacy of waste disposal facilities. More waste is generated in the province because of increasing human settlements resulting from both high population growth rate and in-migration. The province generates a total of 345,743 metric tons of wastes in year 2002. Average waste generation per municipality is estimated at 10,169 tons per year, which translates to about 11.3 tons per day. Per capita waste generation in year 2002 was estimated at 5.6 grams.

Although there are efforts to

promote recycling and reuse of wastes, the lack of incentives discouraged the interest and enthusiasm on these waste minimization efforts. Waste management scheme is limited only to the ineffective collect and dump system. Segregation of waste at source is not a common practice and where garbage are segregated, they got mixed up again in dump trucks

and dumping areas due to lack of facilities for solid waste management. Indiscriminate dumping of wastes is commonly observed in many areas due to weak implementation of penalties for this act.

The open and unsanitary dumpsites aggravate the problem of accumulation. While satisfactory, modern solutions to municipal waste problems have begun to be developed in other parts of the country, Batangas has not made much progress in addressing these issues. Very few controlled disposal facilities exist in the province and the need for such facilities intensifies as throwaway packaging, high in non-degradable plastic content, makes up a larger portion of the waste stream. Except for the city of Batangas and the municipalities of Alitagtag and Tingloy which implement controlled dumping in their disposal site, the mode of disposal is through open dumping. Of the 34 cities/municipalities, five have no dumpsites, one has already closed its dumping site, three operate controlled dumpsites while the others have open dumps.

There is a growing resistance

from surrounding communities against creating or opening new dumpsites. Consequently, wastes end up in the coastal marine area, even if accumulated in the terrestrial area. The weak technical and financial capability of local governments to support comprehensive waste management as required in RA 9003 is seen as a significant factor, among others, affecting solid waste generation, accumulation, and disposal.

Box 1. Waste generation and disposal in Batangas Province

MUNICIPALITY

WASTE GENERATION

(TONS)

MUNICIPALITY

WASTE GENERATION

(TONS)

Agonillo 3,438 Rosario 10,835

Alitagtag 4,000 San Jose 6,130

Balayan 12,220 San Juan 13,350

Balete 2,228 San Luis 5,755

Bauan 24,073 San Nicolas 2,925

Calaca 10,423 San Pascual 7,738

Calatagan 7,465 Sta. Teresita 2,358

Cuenca 5,210 Sto. Tomas 10,945

Ibaan 8,590 Taal 6,710

Laurel 4,205 Talisay 5,155

Lemery 13,190 Taysan 3,835

Lian 7,078 Tingloy 2,675

Lobo 7,128 Tuy 4,568

Mabini 4,263 Batangas City 66,580

Malvar 4,730 Lipa City 30,625

Mataasnakahoy 4,350 Tanauan City 19,993

Source: PG-ENRO, 2004.

Industrial and agricultural wastes

The disposal of untreated industrial and agricultural wastes in tributaries and coastal marine waters is caused by inadequate treatment facilities in both groups of industries. Wastewater treatment facilities are poorly functioning, having inadequate capacity or simply non-existent. This inadequacy contributes to pollutant loading in river systems, creeks and waterway that ultimately drains into the bay. This is considered serious especially among agriculture and livestock producers operating on a backyard

scale and are geographically dispersed, making it difficult, expensive, and uneconomical to put up a common waste treatment facility. Residues from agricultural practices (fertilizer application and pest control), animal wastes from piggery, poultry and other livestock production activity contribute to nutrient loading of water bodies, cause sedimentation and contaminate the seafood. The weak implementation of regulations on industrial and agricultural wastes by enforcement agencies

encourages polluters to be less vigilant in their waste generation and disposal activities. Oil spill and discharges from industries, whether accidental of intentional are also seen to create

risks in view of the petrochemical and energy industries along Batangas Bay and Balayan Bay. From 2001 to 2003, there wee nine reported incidents of spillages and emissions from industries along Batangas and Balayan Bays.

Box 2. Incidents of spillages and emissions from industries along Batangas and Balayan Bays, 2001-2003.

DATE POLLUTER LOCATION NATURE OF POLLUTION

February 2001

Minola Refining Corporation & Julius Barge

Aplaya, Bauan,

Batangas

Spillage of unrefined/crude coconut oil passing through the defective flange

connecting the hose of Julius Barge and the pipeline towards the tank of Minola

Refining Corporation

August 2001

General Milling Corporation

Tabangao, Batangas City

About 5 tons of vegetable (soya) oil spilled in about 3,000 sq m of the bay area

April 2002

3M Steam Laundry

Padre Garcia, Batangas

Discharging of treated wastewater at Cawongan River

August 2002

Batangas Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant

Calaca, Batangas

Emissions containing mercury and other toxic heavy metals

January 2003

Mabuhay Vinyl Corporation

San Miguel, Bauan,

Batangas

Spillage of liquid caustic soda

March 2003

Trans Asia

Aplaya, Bauan

Discharging of molasses into the bay which caused discoloration and foaming of

bay water

April 2003

General Milling Corporation

Tabangao, Batangas City

Vegetable oil spill which resulted to dissolved oxygen of zero in one of the

outfalls

July 2003

Various industries along

Palico River

Nasugbu

Fish kill in Palico River due to effluent from industries

October 2003

Mabuhay Vinyl Corporation

San Miguel, Bauan,

Batangas

Liquid caustic soda spillage

Source: PG-ENRO, 2004.

Ship and port wastes

Shipping activities and expansion of port facilities have generated ship and port-related wastes that eventually are dumped in the bay waters. This is considered an issue

among the three bays, but is more intensely felt in Batangas Bay. Related problems identified are ship collision and oil spill due to increasing vehicle traffic. Illegal

discharge of wastes from shipping vessels have also been observed such as dumping of used oil and ballasting water from boats, ships and other sea vessels passing or docking in various ports located in the province. Ships and vessels generate considerable quantities of blackwater, graywater, oil bilge, ballast water, solid wastes and hazardous materials. The port authorities of Batangas recognize that one of the factors that might have encouraged the illegal discharging of wastes is the inadequate collection and disposal system of the international port. The existing system just cannot cope with the demand of the increasing vessel and passenger traffic. As of 2004, there are 27 companies which deploy 68 vessels providing services in Batangas Bay. In Tayabas Bay, irresponsible disposal of garbage have been observed to be committed by vessels plying the bay especially the San Juan coastal route (Resource Combines, Inc., 2002).

There is also the added risk of oil and chemical spills especially in areas where most sea vessels carrying raw materials dock and transfer their loads through jetties.

Solid wastes, industrial and

agricultural wastes and ship and port wastes compromise the integrity of surface and marine waters if they are not managed adequately and rationally. Results of water quality monitoring done for Batangas Bay shows that pollution status in terms of oil and grease content has worsened significantly. This parameter was recorded at 36.2 mg/l in 1997 and increased to 41.13 mg/l in 2004. Statistical comparison across years showed that the increase in pollutants is significant.

However, despite the rapid economic development occurring in the region, water quality has not deteriorated significantly in terms of nitrates and phosphates. Likewise, pollution status in terms of dissolved oxygen (DO) had improved. In 1997, DO was measured at an average of 6.68 mg/l and this increased to 9.93 mg/l in 2004.

Balayan and Tayabas Bays are

facing the same threat of pollution if economic activities around the area are not rationalized. Palico River in Lian and Nasugbu has exceeded the standard for Class C water due to pollution from households and from sugar mills and alcohol distilleries. Bambang River in Balayan is severely polluted due to the discharge of partially treated water from sugar mills. Pamintahan River in Lipa City is heavily polluted given the wastes coming from households, hog farms and the public market.

Fishery resources

This issue is analyzed in terms of declining fish catch, the use of illegal and destructive fishing methods and decreasing effective area of fishing. Common to all three bay regions, the decline in fish catch arises from population pressure and increasing fish efforts. As of year 2003, fishermen in the Batangas Bay Region totaled to 3,296 while in the Balayan Bay and Tayabas Bay Regions, they numbered to 3,936 and 1,875, respectively. Open-access to fishery resources and “no catch limit” policy encourage more fishermen to exploit the resource, however, it breeds unfair competition between commercial and municipal fishermen leading to economic dislocation.

Municipal and commercial fish catch declined from 23,553,365 kilograms in 1998 to 10,030,779 kilograms in 1999. This creates impact on the ecosystem and the socio-economic life of the people, especially among fisher folks. The consequent economic difficulty from declining fish catch made fishermen resort to destructive fishing methods. Such practice provides short-term gains to fishermen but aggravates the cycle of poverty and is a serious violation of RA 8550. The capability of existing enforcement agencies is not enough to go after violators seriously and conduct swift apprehension.

The decline in effective area for

fishing is attributed to the multiple uses of the bays, encroachment by commercial fishers, and the conduct of reclamation projects. Open water areas are common property resources to governments, private sector down to individual fisher folks. No single ruling entity or group exercise control over it. As defined in the Fisheries Code, a maximum 15 km limit for municipal fisheries is allowable, however, this results in overlapping jurisdictions among municipalities. There is also the continuous encroachment of commercial fishing vessels into municipal waters which creates conflict with municipal fishers. In addition, the unrestricted access to commercially valuable fish species is a serious cause of overexploitation of fishery resources and depletion of fish stocks.

Biodiversity and habitat The destruction of shoreline, mangroves, and other ecological habitats including sea grass beds, soft bottom communities and coral reefs is a growing concern given the awareness that the loss of habitat is the most

serious threat to marine biodiversity, especially if contiguous but different habitats forming landscape biodiversity are lost. Marine biodiversity is a natural heritage and a vital resource for Batanguenos and they are linked to their habitats. These habitats serve as refuge and nursery areas for commercial and non-commercial fish and shellfish species. Habitat loss means loss of spawning areas and nursery grounds for terrestrial and marine life. Such loss demands more government action to conduct habitat restoration and rehabilitation, to put up infrastructures to aid rehabilitation and to provide more extension services, which entail added costs and socio-economic tensions. Pressures from intensified human activities as well as abuse of foreshore lease agreements are identified as contributing factors, among others. Illegal titling of shorelines is also observed which limits the access to this resource.

Pressure comes from continuous increase in population and the high tendency of in-migration due to lack of alternative livelihood options. Coastal areas serve as an interface between terrestrial and marine environment and are considered as one of the most productive areas in marine habitat. The high productivity of the areas support living resources to which coastal folks depends. For example, the primary source of shrimp larvae to stock the farms is the mangrove forest and the long-term sustainability of farms is jeopardized by destruction of mangroves. These resources are not limitless and are bound to fail once exploited irrationally. Exploitation comes in the form of (1) extraction of wood from mangrove areas, (2) collection of mangrove substrate for the production of construction bricks and (3) collection of coral boulders and coral heads for construction purposes (Resource Combines, Inc., 2002). In

addition, rampant conversions of mangrove areas into settlements, resorts and fishponds are noted. Other problems such as soil erosion often accompany mangrove destruction and adversely affect the coral reefs. While losses of coral reefs and mangrove habitats are probably the most significant in terms of losses of biodiversity, other critical habitats such as wetland areas, estuaries and seagrass beds which are known to be key nursery areas for coastal fisheries are also disappearing. In 2001 and 2003 reports of the WWF, resort owners have considered these plants as eyesores and are systematically removed. Although sightings of charismatic species, i.e. dolphins, marine sea turtles, sperm whales have been constantly reported in the bays, they are still under threat due to persistent use of illegal and destructive fishing methods, including the use of dynamite.

All the above activities that lead to

habitat destruction and consequent decline/loss of biodiversity point to apathy and lack of awareness of the public and the tendency of decision-makers to implement myopic solutions to the biodiversity and habitat problem.

Underground water

This is an emerging area of concern, but recently, the provincial government is already cognizant of. The industrial path taken by the province has led to the fast extraction of underground water for household, commercial, and industrial uses. Although there are no published documents comparing the rates of extraction and replenishment of underground water, except the one by Lipa City Water District (Semana, 1999), there is a growing concern that the current extraction rates, especially in

Batangas Bay Region, are relatively faster than optimal. In 1999, about 15% of wells in the Lipa City Water District had been abandoned due to lowered piezometric levels and/or reduced well capacity. Matanguihan (2004) reported that existing withdrawal from wells has caused considerable depletion of groundwater resources, so that current drilling projects reach depths of up to 240 meters. Supply has to be beefed up to support an average of 181 new service connections per month. In addition, the supply problem is aggravated by the disregard among communities of the protection of important and critical watersheds. Deforestation in fact is a common sight in the province, mostly caused by conversion due to intensified agriculture, tourism (i.e. into resorts), and establishment of new settlements.

There is a growing concern that

water scarcity will be a serious problem in the future if the amount withdrawn is so big that water supplies are no longer adequate to satisfy all human and ecosystem requirements. This will increase the scarcity value of water and will make the search for alternative sources of water very costly. Taal Lake has been considered an alternative source in view of its appreciable storage and flow, however, water in the lake will require sophisticated process of filtration and demineralization which is six times more expensive than the pump well costs. Likewise, the degradation of freshwater sources also contributes to water scarcity and implies an increasing cost of new water source development. Good water resources surveys are needed as well as preliminary test drilling to guarantee that new wells will yield adequate supplies of water of right quality. Digging wells can also be expensive given that a hydro geological survey must first be undertaken before starting any extensive drilling program.

Scarcity and quality concerns are closely linked. Groundwater pumping often mobilizes water that is saline or contains natural contaminants such as arsenic and fluoride. When combined with increasing pollutant loads from agriculture, industry and municipal sewage, this pumping can irreversibly contaminate aquifers. A study made by Batangas State University (2001) revealed that the drinking water in the whole province is not considered potable in terms of total coliform count in all its drinking water sources. This could account for the very high incidence of diarrhea in Batangas. The same study also shows that there is already an evidence of salt-water intrusion in most of the drinking sources in the province. It was concluded that salt-water intrusion is being induced by over pumping of underground water.

The above shows that over

extraction and pumping not only lead to yield reduction but also to degrading quality due to salt-water intrusion. Inadequacy in water governance can be traced to the little appreciation for water as an economic good and the absence of a mechanism that integrates water and watershed plans and programs of various agencies, among others.

Community participation This area of concern is common to all the other areas described earlier and is considered an all-encompassing concern. The process of involving the community and building a constructive partnership with them in the implementation of ICM has been slow. Despite the adequacy of specialist knowledge on ICM in the BBR, skills are still needed in a diverse range of areas from information and knowledge management through conflict resolution at the community level. Despite the

increasing number of participatory initiatives in Batangas, it is clear that most of these are still only “islands of successes”.

Weak community participation can be analyzed in terms of a set of causal factors and this constitutes the nexus of (i) inadequate education and awareness, thereby limiting participation, (ii) weak functional organization of communities that hinders sustained and effective participation, (iii) weak and fragmented information base, (iv) limited representation and coordination in the formulation and enforcement of plans, policies, and programs, (v) weak enforcement capabilities that allows non-compliance to environmental laws and regulations.

Members of the community can

serve as a bridge to segments of society that may be hard to reach through formal ICM program channels. Their effectiveness as bridge or channel depends significantly on how the community uses the information to change their situation either by becoming grounds for action or by making the community capable of different or more effective action. The functional organization of communities is generally weak. Except for some communities with fishermen’s organizations, there are no community participation plan developed with proper and adequate consultation and guidance. Trust and confidence in the managers, leaders and local officials who support community participation efforts will play a crucial role in determining whether and how far the community goes in taking responsibility for local ICM initiatives. Community participation is enhanced if ICM project efforts build local skills, interests and capacities that are sustainable. Likewise, community participation in planning and decision-making complements the enforcement of

environmental regulations. Community participation and pressure is especially necessary to compensate for weak environmental law enforcement or the absence of environmental regulations.

Box 3. Environment-related issues and problems

in the bay regions of Batangas Province

ISSUE/AREA OF CONCERN

PROBLEM/CONSEQUENCE

CAUSES/FACTORS

Accumulation of solid wastes

Increasing human settlements tied up with population increase & in-migration

Lack of incentives for waste minimization and recycling

Weak penalties for random dumping of wastes

Improper solid waste disposal

Open and unsanitary or uncontrolled dumpsites

Resistance from communities in opening new dumpsites

Weak financial capability of LGUs to support a comprehensive program

Indiscriminate disposal of untreated industrial and agricultural wastes

Inadequate treatment facilities

Accidental spills

Small & widely dispersed operators

Ship collision and oil spill

Increasing vessel traffic

Waste generation and management (solid wastes, industrial & agricultural

wastes, shipping and port wastes)

Illegal waste discharge of ship

Inadequate waste reception facility for vessel

Declining fish harvest

Large and widespread increase in fishing efforts

Use of illegal fishing methods

Weak enforcement of relevant provisions of RA 8550

Fishery

resources

Decreasing effective area for fishing

Encroachment by commercial fishing boats

Multiple uses of the bay

Reclamation projects

Destruction of shoreline, mangrove areas & other ecological habitats

Conflicts in foreshore lease agreement

Illegal titling of shorelines

Biodiversity

and habitat

Threatened biodiversity

Pressure from intensified human activities

Depletion of underground water resource

Fast rate of extraction due to increasing demand for water

Unprotected watersheds

Limited alternative water sources

Increasing cost of new water source development

Underground

water resource

Degrading quality of underground water

Salt-water intrusion & presence of contaminants induced by over pumping of water

Insufficient and ineffective participation

Inadequate education and awareness

Weak/non-functional organization of coastal communities

Community participation

Weak enforcement capability and low compliance to environmental laws and regulations

Limited representation and coordination in formulation and enforcement policies, plans, programs, and projects

Prioritization of Issues Using

Risk Ranking

The number and subtlety of environmental problem areas challenge ready assessment. Environmental issues are not of the same importance. Perceptions of urgencies and priorities are manifested in the ranking done during the consultative workshops held among stakeholders.

It is important that the decision-

making process be strengthened before priorities are set for the physical environment and the programs to be implemented. A procedural approach is as important as that target-oriented

approach but is often a missing prerequisite in identifying priorities and realizing successful environmental programs.

A comparative risk approach was

taken which evaluates the environmental issues on the basis of the risks and their impacts on human health, the ecosystem and the socio-economic life of the people. It generates an environmental priority list within the constraints of limited resources to protect the environment. More importantly, it involves all stakeholders in the decision-making process; they have identified threats to health, ecosystem and socio-economic life to develop a working list of issues. In

short, it ensures allocation of scarce resources effectively while expanding a dialogue among stakeholders.

Risk ranking in this particular

planning process required the development of categorical rankings of perceived risks to (a) human health, i.e. as they may cause mortality and morbidity, (b) ecosystems, i.e. as they may affect biodiversity and integrity of habitats, and (c) socio-economic conditions of stakeholders, i.e. as they affect livelihood, food security, and/or cause poverty. The risk ranking provides a basis for prioritizing action programs that correspond to these problem/opportunity areas. A problem or issue is ranked “1” if the risk is evident or likely to affect all three: human health, ecosystems, and socio-economic conditions, of the stakeholders. Otherwise, the problem or issue is ranked “0”.

It should be noted that in addition to the premise that the ranking is done given limited resources, a more representative and realistic prioritization of issue was ensured by giving due consideration to other criteria in addition to the major one discussed above. These include the (1) effect on vulnerable groups for those problems/issues which may be localized and affect only a defined group of people, (2) spatial extent of degradation or depletion for those problems whose effects have a spatial nature such as localized or cross-cutting across space, and (3) the extent to which the problem is irreversible.

Results of the comparative risk ranking showed that among the problems associated with the issue of waste generation and disposal, the accumulation of solid wastes, inadequate solid waste disposal facilities and the disposal of untreated industrial and agricultural wastes are of high

priority given a categorical ranking of 1. This rank is in view of the risks inherent to open dumping of both waste types to the health of people living nearby and their socio-economic life and to the environment. Oil spill and ship collision and illegal waste discharge of ships are considered important, however, ranking was 0 in view of the spatial extent of their effects which are more localized than general.

Action programs directed to address issues on fishery resources should focus on the declining fish harvest as the priority problem, given a rank of 1. Fish is an important source of food and provides the body with valuable concentrated proteins. More importantly, fish have Omega 3 fatty acids and oils that help protect against heart disease and these oils are particularly well matched to the growth needs of the brain of human infants. Fishing is a mainstay of the provincial economy and is a major source of livelihood of coastal communities.

Destruction of shoreline and

mangroves was also ranked 1 and was considered as the more significant problem in the issue of biodiversity and habitat. Biodiversity will be lost if habitats become degraded so that species can no longer survive. Loss of biodiversity can have deleterious effects on human health which include increases in infectious disease burden due to altered vector populations, more toxicity from pollutants normally absorbed by specialized environments, loss of potential pharmaceuticals and destruction of potential models for biomedical research. Vital services provided by biodiversity and the ecosystem as a whole in terms of food production, raw materials and opportunities for recreation and cultural activities will also be lost. Emerging researches have proven that biodiversity services produce greater economic benefits than those produced by

continuing to modify habitats and loss of these services affect the health and livelihood of people and the ecosystem in general.

The depletion of underground

water was considered of priority and was given a rank of 1. Water is a commodity, a natural resource and a perceived human entitlement. Typical uses of water are for drinking and sanitation but other major uses are in agriculture, industries and enterprises. Total individual needs for water ranges from 15 – 20 liters per day for drinking, food preparation, clean-up, hygiene and laundry. Reduction in quantity of water available to individuals has many health consequences. As water supply is

reduced, direct intake becomes insufficient to replace moisture lost from the body.

Community participation was

considered a highly significant issue with both the problem of insufficient and ineffective participation and weak enforcement capabilities getting a rank of 1. In succeeding workshops where the above was validated, ineffective governance was further recognized as a reinforcing issue to weak community participation. This issue stood out as the most common, if not the overriding cause of the major environmental problems and issues among the three bay-regions.

Box 4. Risk Ranking of Problems and Issues in the Bay Regions of Batangas Province

ISSUE/AREA OF CONCERN

PROBLEM/CONSEQUENCE

IMPACT

Human health

Ecosystem Socio-economic

Risk Ranking

Accumulation of solid wastes

����

����

����

1

Improper solid waste disposal

����

����

����

1

Indiscriminate disposal of untreated industrial and agricultural wastes

����

����

����

1

Ship collision and oil spill ���� ���� 0

Waste generation and management

(solid wastes, industrial & agricultural

wastes, shipping and port wastes

Illegal waste discharge of ship

����

����

0

Declining fish harvest

����

����

����

1

Use of illegal fishing methods

����

����

0

Fishery resources

Decreasing effective area for fishing

����

����

0

Destruction of shoreline, mangrove areas & other ecological habitats

����

����

����

1

Biodiversity and habitat

Threatened biodiversity ���� ���� ���� 1

Depletion of underground water resource

����

����

����

1

Limited alternative water sources

����

0

Underground water resource

Degrading quality of underground water

����

����

0

Insufficient and ineffective participation

����

����

����

1

Community participation Weak enforcement capability

and low compliance to environmental laws and regulations

����

����

����

1

Vision

Batangas is a socially and economically developed community of responsible citizenry committed and empowered to be good stewards of our environment and natural resources.

Mission

To mobilize partnerships and strengthen capability among local government units, national government agencies, private sectors, non-government organizations, volunteer groups, social/civic organizations and coastal community and residents for sustained integrated coastal management.

Goal

To achieve a healthy and acceptable balance between the overall economic development and the conservation of natural resources and protection of the environment through sustainable application of integrated coastal management efforts.

Objectives

In order to ensure the achievement of the abovementioned goal by 2010, the following are the identified objectives:

1. To strengthen multi-stakeholder participation by establishing institutional mechanisms that will encourage mobilization and capacity building of communities, organizations, and agencies in the sustainable integrated management of the province’s bay-regions.

2. To improve management of

municipal solid wastes and industrial and agricultural wastes, thereby minimizing their pollution impacts on the bays and other water bodies in the province,

3. To restore and manage the

province’s terrestrial, coastal marine and freshwater habitat and ecosystems and conserve its biodiversity for the benefit of the present as well as the future population of Batangas.

4. To protect and manage ground

and surface water resources of the province’s bay-regions.

5. To protect the fishery resources

of the province that will ensure food security

Action Programs

Institutional Development and

Integrated Planning Systems

A three-tiered multi-stakeholder

institutional mechanism will be established that will supervise, coordinate, and mobilize participation and capacity-building among communities, organizations, and agencies, to ensure collective, responsive and pro-active actions towards sustainable environmental management of the province’s bay-regions. Integrated planning systems and policy directions will be enhanced at the provincial, bay-region, and municipal level, while capacity building and information sharing will be undertaken and intensified. The land and water use plans of the municipalities will be harmonized at all levels. An environmental code will be formulated and the concerned institutions, i.e. councils/boards and participating communities, organizations and agencies, will undergo capacity-building in order for them to responsibly address critical environmental issues and resolve possible resource use conflicts. It is expected that the three-tiered multi-stakeholder institutions to be established will be responsible in supervising the implementation of the various action programs pursuant to and as aligned with this SEMP. Sustainable financing mechanisms (i.e. payment for environmental services, establishment of trust funds, private-private partnerships, polluters’ pay, etc.) shall likewise be initiated to ensure a stable source of funding for all these SEMP-related activities, and thus attain sustainability.

Waste Management (Municipal

Solid Wastes and Industrial and

Agricultural Wastes)

The action program on Municipal

Solid Waste Management will complement the initiatives of the Provincial Solid Waste Management Board and that of the respective City/Municipal Solid Waste Management Boards, pursuant to RA 9003 or the Solid Waste Management Act. The Provincial and City/Municipal Solid Waste Management Boards required by RA 9003 will be reconstituted to prepare and/or improve the SWM plans at the provincial, municipal and barangay levels. Information, communication, education and capacity-building activities (ICEC) will be intensified to mobilize the municipality, barangay, community, households and other sectors to minimize wastes, do segregation and recycling, and ensure proper disposal of wastes. Material recovery facilities (MRFs) will be developed at the community, barangay and municipal levels and their sustainable operation will be ensured with the collection of garbage fees and promotion of income generation from recycling. The establishment of sanitary landfills or controlled dumpsites will be carried out by the LGUs with adequate and intensive consultations with the community in terms of identification of location of dumpsite, prospecting potential private sector partners who could provide technical and financial complements to LGU capability and resources, formulation of an implementation plan and development of the sanitary landfill project.

The action program on Industrial

and Agricultural Waste Management highlights the strengthening of community and LGU participation in the EIA system. Likewise, the program will

build on the initiatives of BCRMF such as the vigorous pursuance of the voluntary agreements and pollution management appraisals and audits. The existing multi-agency pollution monitoring team will be revived and strengthened; capacity will be developed among its members to effectively monitor mitigating measures by industries. The services of the Batangas Environment Laboratory will be maximized in conducting water quality monitoring and evaluation surveys in the three bays and among pollution point sources. A quick response system will mobilize the participation of industries, academe, local governments, civil society and media in promptly responding and undertaking mitigating measures to pollution related events such oil spills. The establishment of environmental guarantee fund from industries and development projects will be pursued to ensure sufficient funds for rehabilitation and recovery of areas damaged by industrial and commercial activities.

Habitat Restoration and

Management

This action program will ensure

rehabilitation, protection, and management of the ecologically important habitat and ecosystems of the three bay-regions in the province such as mangroves, wetlands, estuarine, rivers, seagrass beds, and coral reefs, towards protecting biodiversity. There must be a framework to put biodiversity at the center stage of human activities on the basis of key elements, most important of which are people, science and regulation and laws. A network of protected and/or conservation areas among these life-support systems will be established consistent with the requirements and provisions of RA or the NIPAS Act. This network will be

managed principally by the communities and stakeholders to highlight the importance of people and communities as primary agents of conservation.

The establishment of the

network of protected and conservation areas will be preceded and/or complemented with sound scientific researches, establishment of databases and IEC campaigns. Biodiversity erosion continues because knowledge remains very limited. More importantly, we underestimate the risks associated with the loss of ecosystems’ potential and their capacity to adapt, so that research must continue to focus on the identification, inventory and assessment of critical habitats and ecosystems. The depleting marine biodiversity demands urgent attention towards increasing awareness and improving capabilities to carry out conservation effectively. This necessitates the development and updating of a data base and resource center as well as the production and distribution of IEC materials to increase public awareness and participation.

This action program recognizes

that while marine conservation and protected areas is an important strategy for effective biodiversity conservation, on its own, it is not sufficient. It must be complimented with ecologically sustainable management in the communities outside the protected areas.

Rehabilitation and restoration of

critical areas, i.e. rivers (especially Pansipit and Calumpang Rivers), mangroves, and degraded lands, will be initiated, including the establishment and/or designation of green belts/buffer areas and urban waterfront reserves. Many of the rivers in Batangas today hardly sustain aquatic life. Considering that livelihood in many local settlements revolves around rivers, rehabilitating this resource is very important. Common

activities include clean-up, tree planting, environmental education and awareness and water quality monitoring.

Underground Water Resources

Protection and Management

This action program adopts a

two-pronged approach to underground water conservation by focusing on both supply and demand management. On the supply side, reforestation, establishment of urban farms and gardens, tapping of substitute water sources aside from ground and surface (i.e. rainwater) for industrial uses, and similar initiatives will be promoted.

On the demand side, water use

will be rationalized using a combination of regulatory and market-based instruments. The evaluation of the scarcity value of water is important given that current prices reflect short-term pumping capacity, not the longer-term sustainability of extraction rates. Water demand management is a key to conservation and sustainability because it considers the priority of different users.

The lack of information and

understanding regarding groundwater dynamics presents a major challenge in developing an effective water management program. The challenge is as much social as technical hence an responsive and widespread IEC campaign is vital. Without both data and a shared understanding of the problems, the social consensus needed to implement decisions is difficult to generate. A water forum to share concepts, research, technologies and experiences could provide a venue for both providers and users of water to meet. Water districts and related institutions/agencies will develop awareness and educational programs to

create an enabling environment for water management while government and stakeholders will consider all facets of water economics in water sector planning and decision-making with due consideration of social and political constraints. This action program will be implemented on the premise that successful groundwater management requires data, technical capacity and a high degree of supporting social consensus.

Fisheries Protection and

Management

Fishing is a mainstay of the

provincial economy and concerns have been expressed regarding possible population depletion from fishing pressure especially in the case of populations in over-fished status. This action program is therefore forwarded to contribute to the province’s food security by ensuring sustainable stock of marine and freshwater fish species. Illegal and destructive forms of fishing will be adequately addressed by mobilizing communities and public support in marine law enforcement. Knowledge of local environmental conditions, fishing pattern and community norm and structure significantly contributes to effective marine law enforcement by the community. The mobilization of fishermen to constitute the Bantay Dagat (Sea Patrol) to support national agencies and LGUs in enforcement is consistent with the principle that primary resource users should also be the rightful managers of their resource. Funding, logistic support and capacity-building activities will be provided to fisherfolks so they can assert and gain rightful management and control over their coastal resources.

Scientific investigations on the

status of fisheries will be undertaken to

facilitate an informed policy decision- making process relative to protection as well as utilization of fishery resources, pursuant to RA 8550 or the Fisheries Code of 1998. Many scientific questions about the coastal marine ecosystem remain unanswered and basic physical characteristics of the marine ecosystem, especially as they relate to fisheries are poorly known. These implies the need for individual and collaborative research that improves marine resource assessment and management practices.

Coastal marine-based and

freshwater-based enterprises and livelihood and eco-tourism development will likewise be promoted. Rural households must not be perceived as stagnant entities but as dynamic decision-making unit. However, the lack of local alternatives to fishing adds to the exploitation of marine resources above the level that would occur if alternative livelihood and income sources are available. To build new options for fishing families to pursue sustainable livelihood, participatory assessment of community attributes and needs is needed coupled with capacity-building and skills development. Likewise, critical support includes strong community leadership, adequate provision of credit and technical services

and existence of experienced NGO partners.

Structure of the Plan

This Strategic Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) has five major but interrelated action programs, namely: (a) Institutional Development and Integrated Planning Systems, (b) Waste Management (Solid Wastes and Industrial and Agricultural Wastes), (c) Habitat Restoration and Management, (d) Water Resources Protection and Management, and (e) Fisheries Protection and Management. Each action program has a specific goal, objectives, component strategies, and a mechanism for its implementation. The first action program on institutional mechanisms and sustainability supports, and thus cut across the four other action programs. While the latter four are the direct interventions, all the five major action programs directly correspond to the five objectives of this SEMP, and shall thereby address the identified major issues and concerns relative to the integrated sustainable management of the province’s bay-regions.

Action Program Strategies

Below are component specific strategies within each of the identified action programs.

Action Program 1

INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND

INTEGRATED PLANNING SYSTEMS

Program Goal: To establish a multi-stakeholder institutional mechanism that will to ensure collective, responsive and pro-active actions towards sustainable environmental management of the province’s bay-regions. Objectives:

To establish by 2005 a three-tiered multi-stakeholder structure that will supervise, coordinate, and mobilize participation among communities, organizations, and agencies towards implementing the SEMP.

To enhance policy directions, integrate planning systems, and harmonize plans and

programs at different levels within the province. To improve capacities and capabilities among ICM practitioners and community

participants and encourage information sharing that will ensure good governance.

Component Action Strategies A. Institutional Development

1. Adopt within 2005 an ordinance that will establish a multi-stakeholder Batangas Environmental Protection Council (BEPC), the Balayan and Adjacent Bays ICM Board, Tayabas and Adjacent Bays ICM Board, and amend Provincial Ordinance No. 96-01 thereby converting the Batangas Bay Environmental Protection Council into a Batangas Bay ICM Board, and ensure their establishment and operation from 2005 onwards. A copy of the ordinance is given in Annex 3 which expounds on the duties, responsibilities and functions of the BEPC and the three bay region boards as well as their composition

2. Enjoin cities and municipalities to either establish by 2006 their respective ICM

Councils or mobilize their local development councils to act as their ICM Council and ensure their establishment and operation from 2006 onwards. This will be done through complementary local ordinances through complementary local ordinances consistent with the Provincial Ordinance given in Annex 3.

3. Establish by 2005 a Technical Experts/Working Groups that will assist the BEPC and

the bay-region boards in their policy-making, program/project implementation, monitoring and evaluation functions, and provide technical assistance to the city/municipal LGUs. The composition of the TEG/TWG for the BEPC and for each bay region board is also provided in the Provincial Ordinance in Annex 3.

Action Program 1

INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND

INTEGRATED PLANNING SYSTEMS

B. Integrated Planning Systems

1. Update and implement the provincial development framework plan by 2005 integrating provincial land and water use plans and ICM concerns, through the Provincial Land Use Committee and the Provincial Development Council, convened by the Provincial Planning and Development Office.

2. Update by 2005 and implement the Batangas Bay SEMP and the Balayan and

Adjacent Bays ICM Plan taking the general directions of the SEMP and formulate, adopt and implement a Tayabas and Adjacent Bays ICM Plan in the same year, also taking the directions of the SEMP.

3. Update city/municipal development plans integrating land and water use plans and

ICM concerns consistent with the directions taken by the Provincial Development Framework Plan.

4. Formulate a Provincial Environmental Code from 2006 to 2007 and City/Municipal

Environmental Codes from 2008 to 2010. The Code should constitute modernized, broadened and tightened environmental legislation aimed at promoting sustainable development in the province and in the municipalities. The different environmental acts and legislations will be amalgamated into the Code and areas of application are directly linked to ICM efforts in the province.

5. Evaluation of plans and re-planning will be undertaken to review experiences and

generate lessons from the preceding years of implementation that can be fed back into the succeeding years. The periodic monitoring and evaluation will serve as opportunities to review and if necessary, modify the existing plans to make them more responsive to the conditions and needs of particular areas or communities.

C. Capacity Building

1. Strengthen the Batangas ICM Training Center by 2005 and provide the training needs of national and local ICM practitioners from 2005 and onwards. This will require the (a) production of training modules that use the experiences of ICM in Batangas, (b) pooling a critical mass of local experts from LGUs, private sector and the academe to serve as trainees and resource persons, and (c) coming up with policies and guidelines on the provision of training exercises for clients taking into consideration administrative, logistic and financial viability.

2. Maintain and regularly update the provincial ICM website and develop bay-region

specific and city/municipal specific ICM/ICM websites. PG-ENRO has already developed a website called the batangas coastal link and has already uploaded some basic information about ICM in Batangas but there is still a need to maintain the site as more information is generated from experience. PG-ENRO will assist the municipalities to develop their websites for fast and easy sharing of information online.

3. Manage and regularly update environmental and ICM-related data and information

using the Integrated Information Management Systems (IIMS) and encourage

Action Program 1

INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND

INTEGRATED PLANNING SYSTEMS

information sharing among ICM practitioners and partners. The IIMS combines baseline information on ecology, socio-economic characteristics, geography and

legal and institutional arrangements, with environmental quality information. By incorporating database into a GIS and linking the system to basic management software packages, Batangas will have a facility that enables effective planning, management and evaluation functions.

4. Establish sustainable financing schemes that will support activities of this SEMP. 5. Conduct ICEC activities to capacitate ICM practitioners and partners maximize

partnership with media to ensure timely dissemination of issues and concerns and encourage active collaboration.

Implementation Mechanism

Upon its creation, the Batangas Environmental Protection Council (BEPC) supported by the bay-region boards shall supervise and coordinate, monitor and evaluate the implementation of this SEMP’s action programs. The PG-ENRO shall provide the secretariat support to the BEPC and to the bay-region boards. The BEPC and the bay-region boards, however, may call on any national government agency, provincial government department/office, civil society, private business, academe, or media, to assist in and/or spearhead the implementation on any component of this action program.

Also, the said Council and boards shall provide policy directions and/or recommend to the appropriate authorities, policies relative to the sustainable environmental management of the bay regions, and the province in general. In cases where issues and concerns are shared between two or more municipalities, the bay-region board shall ensure the cooperation and collaboration between and among these municipalities, or in case the said issues or concerns is shared between two bay-regions and/or between municipalities belonging to different bay-regions, the BEPC is responsible in ensuring cooperation and collaboration. The BEPC and the bay-region boards shall mobilize funding resources to support the initiatives of the city/municipal LGUs, the private sector, the civil society, national government agencies, or provincial government departments/ offices in pursuing activities aligned with this SEMP,

The BEPC shall have a Technical Experts Group chaired by the academe while the

bay-region boards shall each have a Technical Working Group (TWG) chaired by the provincial government office in-charge of the dominant sector in the bay region. Both groups are composed of relevant national government agencies, provincial government departments/offices, civil society, private business, academe, and media that will assist the BEPC and the bay-region boards in their policy making, program/project implementation, monitoring and evaluation functions, and provide technical assistance to the city/municipal LGUs.

Action Program 2

WASTE MANAGEMENT Program Goal To strengthen the management of municipal solid wastes and industrial and agricultural wastes, thereby minimizing pollution impacts on coastal and marine waters Objectives

1. To develop an effective community-based municipal solid waste collection and disposal system for households that integrates the practice of waste segregation, recycling/material recovery and sanitary disposal.

2. To mobilize the local government units and the communities as active partners of

industries and agribusiness operators in the management of industrial and agricultural wastes

Component Action Strategies A. Municipal Solid Waste Management This component aims to develop and provide an effective municipal solid waste collection and disposal system by involving the active participation of the community and their support to local government efforts. It supports the effective implementation of the Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) through the Provincial Solid Waste Management Board and the City/Municipal Solid Waste Management Board. This component highlights the importance of (1) adequate information, communication, education and capacity-building, (2) segregation, recycling and material recovery from wastes and (3) proper and sanitary disposal of wastes. The strategies are:

1. Reconstitute by 2005 the Provincial Solid Waste Management Board and the

City/Municipal Solid Waste Management Board and develop ten-year SWM plans. For LGUs who have already drafted their SWM plan, a review towards improvement and refinement is suggested. The plan should be comprehensive and should reflect the consensus of stakeholders and can be carried out at the barangay level. It should reflect the LGUs’ responsibility for the collection of non-biodegradable and special wastes and the barangays’ responsibility of segregating and collecting biodegradable, compostable and usable wastes. The commitment of government, business and civil society to institute better means of handling garbage must be highlighted in the plans.

2. Conduct information, communication, education and capacity-building (ICEC)

activities starting 2005 and onwards to 2020, that will mobilize households and communities in the proper segregation, recycling and disposal of wastes. Information, communication and education campaigns will increase the awareness level of different sectors such as the youth, women, local leaders and other relevant sectors. Activities include:

a. preparation, reproduction and distribution of information materials to

households,

Action Program 2

WASTE MANAGEMENT b. putting up of posters and billboards in strategic locations around the

communities, c. utilizing the schools as venue for regular discussion and forum on solid

waste management issues, d. conduct of formal and informal training and capacity-building activities for

women, beach operators, government agencies, academe and other relevant sectors by the LGUs in coordination with the ICM Training Center in Batangas. Topics shall include (i) relevant provisions of the Solid Waste Management Act or RA 9003, (ii) basic principles of solid waste management, (iii) waste segregation, (iv) composting as a strategy to manage biodegradable wastes, (v) recycling and material recovery as livelihood opportunities for households and schools, and (vi) lifestyle check/analysis to map out/identify regular household needs and practices that contribute to solid waste production

e. promotion of innovative schemes that will help minimize accumulation of wastes: “pera sa basura”, recycling and linkages to buyers of recycled materials, assistance to organization of junkshop operators, composting, bio-digesting and organic farming,

f. mobilizing the community to participate in various SWM efforts such as regular coastal and river clean-ups, intensified “clean and green” projects and school-based solid waste management programs.

3. Establish and develop material recovery facilities (MRFs) in both barangay and

municipal levels, starting 2005 until 2010. MRFs should include a solid waste transfer or sorting station. Drop-off center and compost and recycling facilities.

a. Barangay/villages will designate eco-aides or biomen to facilitate the

proper collection of wastes from households for deposit at the village-designated MRFs where further segregation for recyclables can be done.

b. Barangay MRFs, through the Barangay Solid Waste Management Board will establish a collection fee system to ensure the sustainability of operation of the MRFs. Some barangays have already imposed garbage collection fees to households but most of these have been set arbitrarily. Other barangays can build from these, taking into considerations, cost recovery, accountability and proper management of fund. PG-ENRO will assist the municipalities in capability-building activities towards development and operation of MRFs, including management of finances.

c. Waste collection by the city/municipal government will be done following the collection of solid wastes by the barangay from the households. Thereafter, the solid wastes will be delivered to the municipal dumpsites for further management. The municipal dumpsites will provide for an MRF where wastes not managed properly at the barangay MRFs can still be subjected for further material recovery.

4. Establish and develop city/municipal sanitary land-fills and/or controlled

dumpsites for disposal of wastes remaining at the MRFs. By 2010, all coastal municipalities have shifted from open dumps to sanitary landfills or controlled dumpsites. Likewise, all inland municipalities should have done the same by 2020. Article 6 of RA 9003 states that “no open dumpsites should be established and operated nor any practice or disposal of solid waste by any reason including LGUs which constitutes the use of open dumps for solid wastes

Action Program 2

WASTE MANAGEMENT be allowed.” PG-ENRO will assist LGUs in:

a. conduct of consultation with different sectors to generate views and

suggestions on locating the acceptable area where landfill/dumpsite will be established and what to do the current open dump

b. identification of potential private sector partners who could provide

technical and financial complements to LGU capability and resources through arrangements mutually developed by all the parties/partners

c. formulation of an implementation plan and development of a sanitary

landfill project B. Industrial and Agricultural Wastes Management

This component aims to develop an effective partnership based on the principle of shared responsibility among the industries and agribusiness operators, the LGUs and the communities in managing industrial and agricultural wastes. The strategies are: 1. Strengthen community and LGU participation in the EIA system within 2005-

2006. The devolution of some of the EIA functions by DENR to PG-ENRO by virtue of a special memorandum of understanding signed in February 1999 will be pursued vigorously by involving the concerned city/municipality and the barangay(s) in the EIA process for new and existing industries and agribusiness projects. The implementation of EIA-related functions is a key area of interest as a consequence of the enactment of the Local Government Code.

2. Expand the membership of the BCRMF in both Balayan and Adjacent Bays

Region and Tayabas and Adjacent Bays Region, and build on the initiatives of BCRMF as the industry partner in ICM. The voluntary agreements among industries, local government units and national government agencies to reduce hazardous and industrial wastes as well as their commitment to police each other to ensure compliance with RA 6969 will be continued and monitored more religiously. Success stories of industries that have undergone pollution management appraisals will be documented and disseminated so that other industries will be encouraged to follow suit. In this regard, the pollution management appraisal team, with the guidance of BCRMF, will be reconstituted to lead the conduct of pollution audit and appraisals among industries in the province.

3. Revive and strengthen starting 2005 and continuously thereafter the existing

multi-agency pollution monitoring team and build capacity among its members to effectively monitor mitigating measures by industries. A pollution monitoring team headed by PG-ENRO and composed of representatives for PCG, industries, academe in the BBR was formed and conducted regular monitoring surveys in predetermined sampling sites in Batangas Bay and Calumpang River. A similar team will be formed for BABR and TABR. Capability-building activities will be provided to the members of the team to effectively carry out joint efforts in monitoring environmental changes.

4. Maximize the services of the Batangas Environment Laboratory in

conducting water quality monitoring and evaluation surveys in the three bays and

Action Program 2

WASTE MANAGEMENT among pollution point sources. The capacity of the laboratory has been strengthened by additional laboratory equipment from a grant facilitated by the Department of Energy. PG-ENRO will replicate the water quality analysis being conducted in Batangas Bay in Balayan and Tayabas bays. Potential industries will be identified in the two bay regions as partners of PG-ENRO in doing laboratory analysis of samples for quality assurance and inter-laboratory calibration.

5. Mobilize industries, academe, local governments, civil society and media towards

active participation in a Quick Response System that can promptly respond and undertake mitigating measures to pollution related events, i.e. oil spill, red tide, etc. starting 2006. This strengthens and widens the participation to the Oil Spill Contingency Response System normally carried out for oil spill incidents by the Philippine Coast Guard, the oil industries and LGUs.

6. Formulate by 2006 policies that would establish environmental guarantee fund

from among industries and development projects to ensure sufficient funds for rehabilitation and recovery of areas damaged by industrial and commercial activities. A guideline will be developed stipulating the (a) types and nature of activities that will be required to post bonds for the likely damage that they will cause, (b) the uses of the funds that will be collected and (c) the responsible agency/institution to manage the fund.

Implementation Mechanism

Under the supervision, coordination, and policy direction by the Batangas Environmental Protection Council (BEPC) and the respective bay-region boards, and in close coordination with the Provincial Solid Waste Management Board, the implementation of the SWM action program will be spearheaded by the respective city/municipal LGUs in collaboration with the relevant national and provincial agencies, (DENR, PG-ENRO, OPA and PCG), civil society, private business, and the academe. The same holds true with regards to the implementation of the action program on industrial and agricultural wastes, except that close coordination will be made with BCRMF. In cases where activities are shared between two or more municipalities, the bay-region board will ensure the cooperation and collaboration between and among these municipalities, or in case the said activities are shared between bay-regions or between municipalities belonging to different bay-regions, the BEPC is responsible in ensuring cooperation and collaboration. The BEPC and the bay-region boards will likewise mobilize funding resources to support the initiatives of the city/municipal LGUs, in this regard.

The Technical Experts Group (TWG) under the BEPC, supported by the

respective TWGs of the bay-region boards will provide technical assistance to the city/municipal LGUs during inception, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation stages. Task Forces may likewise be created within these TWGs chaired by the PG-ENRO and MENROs in the respective LGUs, and principally composed of relevant national and provincial government offices/departments, the academe, private sector, and the civil society, to ensure meaningful implementation of this action program.

Action Program 3

HABITAT RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT Program Goal: To restore and manage the terrestrial, coastal marine and freshwater habitat and ecosystems of the province and conserve its biodiversity for the benefit of its present as well as the future population. Objectives:

1. To establish a network of marine and terrestrial protected/conservation areas among the three bay-regions.

2. To rehabilitate and manage the province’s degraded river and other ecosystems. 3. To establish green belts/buffer areas and urban waterfront reserves.

Component Action Strategies A. Protected Area Management

1. Identify, conduct inventory and assess critical habitats and ecosystems (seagrass,

coral reefs, mangrove, wetlands, forests, rivers) through participatory and scientific techniques.

2. Mobilize communities as active partners in protected area management.

3. Design a province-wide and bay region-wide network/system of protected and

conservation areas, inclusive of a biodiversity and habitat monitoring system 4. Establish marine and terrestrial protected/conservation areas through ordinance(s)

and manage the same through community partnership and sustainable financing. 5. Develop and regularly update a data base on the network of protected/

conservation area through a habitat assessment and resource monitoring system. 6. Develop IEC materials to increase public awareness and participation in the

protection and management of the network of protected/conservation areas.

The active participation of HEIs, NGOs and people’s organizations is highlighted in this strategy. There are already initial efforts done by the academe/HEIs in the area of identification, inventory and assessment as well as in database development but these are focused only on limited sites. There is a need to expand the efforts in critical areas in the three bay regions. Likewise, NGOs have started organizing communities in selected coastal municipalities and this effort should be replicated in more coastal communities. The preceding activities will serve as starting point for the design of a province-wide and bay region-wide network of protected and conservation areas.

Action Program 3

HABITAT RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT B. Rehabilitation of Degraded Habitats and Ecosystems

1. Identify, conduct inventory and assess degraded habitats and ecosystems, especially river systems.

2. Design and implement a “Sagip Ilog” initiative among prioritized rivers (i.e.

Calumpang River, Pansipit River, Benanbang River, etc) that may include: river clean-up, removal of silt, monitoring of water quality, regulation of waste dumping through ordinances, riverside tree planting, awareness campaign on the importance of the river system, etc.

3. Conduct mangrove re-planting and restoration of degraded lands.

There are some existing records on the status of critical rivers in Batangas but these are in possession of various institutions and individuals working in separate capacities and objectives. There is a need to pool these documents together and update the database especially for river systems. Likewise, river rehabilitation activities and mangrove planting are carried out by industries, HEIs and civic organizations on their own; coverage and impact will be more significant if these efforts are coordinated with each other.

C. Urban Greenbelts and Water Front Reserves

1. Identify, conduct, inventory, and assess potential urban greenbelt areas and

waterfront reserves. 2. Establish urban greenbelt areas and waterfront reserves through ordinances.

3. Enhance and manage urban greenbelt areas and waterfront reserves through

community partnerships.

The cooperation and active participation of industries, beach resorts and water-based tourism entities along the three bays will be harnessed to the fullest in the establishment and management of urban greenbelts and waterfront reserves.

Implementation Mechanism

Under the supervision, coordination, and policy direction by the Batangas Environmental Protection Council (BEPC) and the respective bay-region boards, the implementation of this action program shall be spearheaded by the respective city/municipal LGUs in collaboration with the relevant national and provincial agencies, civil society, private business, and the academe, i.e. DENR, BFAR, PG-ENRO, OPA, etc. In cases where a protected area or a degraded area for rehabilitation is shared between two or more municipalities, the bay-region board shall ensure the cooperation and collaboration between and among these municipalities, or in case the said protected area or degraded area for rehabilitation is shared between bay-regions or between municipalities belonging to different bay-regions, the BEPC is responsible in ensuring cooperation and collaboration. The BEPC and the bay-region boards shall likewise mobilize funding resources to support the initiatives of the city/municipal LGUs, in this regard.

Action Program 3

HABITAT RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT The Technical Experts Group (TEG) under the BEPC, supported by the respective

TWGs of the bay-region boards shall provide technical assistance to the city/municipal LGUs during inception, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation stages. Task Forces may likewise be created within these TWGs composed principally of relevant national and provincial government offices/departments, the academe, private sector, and the civil society, to ensure meaningful implementation of this action program.

Action Program 4

WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

Program Goal: To protect and manage ground and surface water resources of the province’s bay-regions and maintain its current state by 2020. Objectives:

1. To reforest and maintain 60% of the critical watersheds and strengthen through urban farming and re-greening activities 70% of the “clean and green” projects among the bay-regions by 2009.

2. To establish regulatory measures and market-based instruments that will

rationalize the use of water reflecting scarcity value by 2010. 3. To enhance the knowledge and skills and improve the attitude of the

communities among the bay-regions on the importance of preserving water resources and protecting the watershed through continuous information, communication, education, and capacity-building (ICEC) activities starting in 2005.

Component Action Strategies

A. Community-based Watershed Reforestation and Urban Re-greening

1. Identify by 2005 critical watersheds, i.e. Mt. Malarayat, Mt. Makulot, spring sources, and pumping stations, including urban areas for re-greening through the city/municipalities’ “clean and green” projects.

2. Establish and/or strengthen city/municipal nurseries to ensure supply of

seedlings, preferably indigenous, including and barangay/village-level satellite nurseries near or within critical watershed areas starting 2005 and onwards.

3. Mobilize starting 2005 the participation of the academe through their

environment centers and National Service Training Program (NSTP) of their tertiary students as core participants in tree planting and maintenance and ensure survival of trees planted.

4. Mobilize starting 2005 the industry sector and the civil society to become active

partners in reforestation and forest stewardship.

The LGUs can forge partnership with schools, industries and NGOs to adopt strategic areas for re-greening and stewardship. This is a favorable proposition for the fulfillment of corporate social responsibility among industries and community extension service by schools.

B. Water Use Rationalization through Regulation and Market-Based Instruments

1. Review by 2005 the current water billing system for both residential and commercial, including water usage by industries, and evaluate scarcity value of water.

Action Program 4

WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

2. Conduct continuous collaborative research on water demand and supply

condition, water pricing, alternative sources and water-saving technologies.

3. Formulate, adopt and implement by 2005 an ordinance requiring (or encourage with incentives) all industrial, commercial, and residential buildings to provide rainwater capture facilities for flushing, watering of plants, and cleaning.

4. Regulate extraction of underground water by imposing a water use fee on

commercial and industrial use of water as early as 2006.

C. Information, Communication, Education and Capacity-Building

1. The ICEC campaign will focus on the following: (a) importance of water resources and their preservation to health, livelihood, and economy, (b) the current state of water resources, most especially in areas undergoing rapid urbanization, (c) water-saving strategies, i.e. recycling, that can be implemented, and (d) the roles of various sectors such as the LGUs, the water districts, national government agencies, private sector, and the academe in water resources protection.

2. Conduct an annual water forum starting 2005 to update various stakeholders

on the state of the province’s water resources, research findings, progress on activities undertaken and actions to be taken.

3. Produce by 2005 and distribute information materials on water-saving

alternatives to at least 30% of the total households starting 2005 and onwards.

4. Put up of posters and billboards among communities especially near or within critical watersheds as early as 2005.

5. Conduct school-based IEC campaign, i.e. seminars, conduct of water-related

research development activities, linking with student organizations and student activities devoted to environment.

6. Conduct training on household-based water recycling and water-saving

techniques especially among women starting 2006 and onwards.

Action Program 4

WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT Implementation Mechanism

Under the supervision, coordination, and policy direction by the Batangas Environment Protection Council (BEPC) and the respective bay-region boards, the implementation of this action program shall be spearheaded by the respective city/municipal LGUs in collaboration with the local water districts. Cities and municipalities will form and develop their respective City/Municipal Water Resources Council whose membership will come from the government and private sectors including the local government units (LGU), the local water district (WD), national government agencies (NGA), industry, and the academe, especially the higher education institutions (HEI). The local Water District, in partnership with the relevant LGU constitutes the lead agency in the implementation of activities, with support from the local agriculture office, CENR office (CENRO), industry, HEIs and NGOs.

In cases where critical watersheds are shared between two or more

municipalities, the bay-region board shall ensure the cooperation and collaboration between and among these municipalities, or in case the said watershed is shared between municipalities belonging to different bay-regions, the BEPC is responsible in ensuring cooperation and collaboration. The BEPC and the bay-region boards shall likewise mobilize funding resources to support the initiatives of the city/municipal LGUs, in this regard.

The Technical Experts Group (TWG) under the BEPC, supported by the

respective TWGs of the bay-region boards shall provide technical assistance to the city/municipal LGUs during inception, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation stages. Task Forces may likewise be created within these TWGs principally composed of relevant national and provincial government offices/departments, water districts, the academe, private sector, and the civil society, to ensure meaningful implementation of this action program, especially the innovative water use rationalization component.

Action Program 5

FISHERIES PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT Program Goal: To contribute to the food security of the province by ensuring sustainable stock of marine and freshwater fish species. Objectives:

1. To control, if not totally eliminate, all forms of illegal and destructive forms of fishing in the province’s three bay-regions.

2. To regularly assess status of fisheries in the province and formulate policies to

ensure sustainable fisheries’ stock. 3. To promote coastal marine-based and freshwater-based enterprises and eco-

tourism livelihood opportunities.

Component Action Strategies A. Marine Law Enforcement

1. Establish and institutionalize by 2005 the Bantay Dagat initiatives throughout the

coastal city/municipalities in the province as regular partner of the government’s marine law enforcement agencies, through an ordinance.

2. Mobilize by 2005 and strengthen from 2005 and onwards marine law

enforcement agencies in the province. 3. Mobilize communities, private business, civil society, media as active partners in

marine law enforcement from 2005 and onwards. 4. Access funding to provide regular incentives and logistical support to Bantay

Dagat volunteers: patrol boats, allowances that would approximate Barangay Tanods, life, accident and health insurances, capacity building training, etc.

5. Develop by 2005 IEC materials to increase public awareness and participation in

marine law enforcement. B. Research, Policy, and Institutional Support

1. Conduct regular fisheries stock assessment and monitoring and other fishery

related researches starting 2005. 2. Formulate by 2005, policies to ensure sustainable fisheries’ stock, i.e. open and

close season, allowable fishing gears, etc. and ensure their implementation from 2005 and onwards.

3. Delineate bay-wide municipal waters consistent with the provisions of RA 8550

within 2005 and 2006. 4. Develop capacity among bay-wide integrated and municipal FARMCS as

partners in fisheries protection and development.

Action Program 5

FISHERIES PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT C. Livelihood and Enterprise Development

1. Identify, conduct inventory, and assess potential livelihood and enterprise

initiatives: coastal/marine-based, freshwater-based, and eco-tourism related 2. Conduct of entrepreneurial skills development training. 3. Establish loan/grant fund that can be accessed by entrepreneurs who will engage

in livelihood activities. 4. Assist establishment of coastal resource-based cooperatives.

Implementation Mechanism

Under the supervision, coordination, and policy direction by the Batangas Environmental Protection Council (BEPC) and the respective bay-region boards, the implementation of this action program shall be spearheaded by the respective city/municipal LGUs in collaboration with the relevant national and provincial agencies, civil society, private business, and the academe, i.e. BFAR, OPA, PNP, PCG, Tourism, Provincial Cooperative Development Office, etc. In cases where activities are shared between two or more municipalities, the bay-region board shall ensure the cooperation and collaboration between and among these municipalities, or in case the said activities are shared between bay-regions or between municipalities belonging to different bay-regions, the BEPC is responsible in ensuring cooperation and collaboration. The BEPC and the bay-region boards shall likewise mobilize funding resources to support the initiatives of the city/municipal LGUs, in this regard.

The Technical Working Group (TWG) under the BEPC, supported by the

respective TWGs of the bay-region boards shall provide technical assistance to the city/municipal LGUs during inception, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation stages. Task Forces may likewise be created within these TWGs chaired by OPA and principally composed of relevant national and provincial government offices/departments, the academe, private sector, and the civil society, to ensure meaningful implementation of this action program.

Relationship with Other Plans

This Strategic Environmental Management Plan directly supports the Philippine Agenda 21 and the Philippine National Development Plan by adopting and utilizing an ecosystem, community-centered and multi-sectoral approach in the management of natural resources; enhancing the institutional capability for ecosystem management of all partners in sustainable development; ensuring multi-stakeholder participation in planning and management of the environment and natural resources; and empowering and enhancing communities, civil society and labor as sustainable development partners of government in the strict monitoring, compliance and enforcement of environmental laws.

At the provincial level, it is envisioned that this SEMP will be integrated into the Provincial Physical Framework Plan and the Provincial Development Plan, both of which are currently being updated. Meanwhile, there are three important plans to which this SEMP will be directly interacting with: (1) the 25-year Strategic Environmental Management Plan for the Batangas Bay Region (SEMP-BBR) formulated in 1996, (2) the 20-year Integrated Coastal Management (ICM)

Plan of the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region adopted and endorsed by the Provincial Development Council in 2004 and (3) the soon-to-be formulated ICM Plan of the Tayabas and Adjacent Bays Region. A summary of the SEMP-BBR and the ICM Plan of BABR is given in Annex 2a and Annex 2b.

It is expected that this SEMP, while complementing the Provincial Development Plan and the Provincial Physical Framework Plan, will provide the overall framework in the sustainable management of the three bay regions in the province, under the supervision of the Batangas Environmental Protection Council. The bay region-specific environmental management and/or integrated coastal management plans to be implemented and/or currently implemented by the concerned agencies and institutions under the supervision and management of their respective bay region boards, will complement and/or be aligned with this SEMP.

Within each action program of this SEMP are the identified strategic actions to be implemented by concerned agencies and institutions across the three bay regions, unless specified therein as bay region-specific or city/municipal-specific. There may, however, be existing or planned bay region specific programs or projects, as defined by the respective bay region

plans, which already correspond to the strategic actions as defined by this Plan, and are thus anticipated to be continuously implemented. Otherwise, it is the responsibility of the BEPC and the concerned bay region board to ensure that the bay region specific strategic actions are carried on. This SEMP is designed as well to fill-up gaps that were later on realized after the formulation of the respective bay region-specific environmental management or ICM plans. Further, this SEMP will also guide the formulation of future related plans in any of the bay regions.

On the other hand, since the Taal

Volcano Protected Landscape is separately managed through a PAMB created by virtue of the NIPAS Act, efforts shall be made to ensure coordination and complementation of the SEMP with that of the protected landscape’s protection and development plan.

Organization and Management

Arrangements

The implementation of this SEMP will be guided by the principles of multi-sectoral and participatory management. As stated, this Plan’s mission is “to mobilize and strengthen the capability and partnerships among the local government units, national government agencies, private sectors, non-government organizations, volunteer groups, social organizations and coastal community organizations and residents for integrated management.” Partnerships will be pursued, while at the same time, the capacity and capability of stakeholders are being strengthened so that the stakeholders themselves are able to contribute significantly to the implementation of this SEMP. This will ensure a high degree of success in plan implementation.

Through an ordinance (Annex 3), an apex multi-sectoral body called the BEPC shall be organized at the provincial level, headed by the Provincial Governor, and composed of the chairs of the three bay regions and representatives from relevant stakeholders. The BEPC will be presided by the Governor while the PG-ENRO will provide the secretariat support as well technical and administrative backstopping. Aside from providing overall provincial environmental management directions, the BEPC will also facilitate information sharing among the said three bay regions.

A Technical Experts Group (TEG), chaired by the academe, and composed of relevant government and non-government agencies, organizations, and institutions, will be organized to provide technical support to the BEPC. The agency-members of the TEG will directly and jointly implement the action strategies and/or programs and projects of this SEMP. The BEPC may also call upon any instrumentalities, outside of the TEG, to implement parts of this SEMP, as needed. However, the TEG provides the focal point for coordination by all those who are involved in the implementation of this SEMP.

Through the same provincial ordinance, a Balayan and Adjacent Bays ICM Board (BAB-ICMB) and a Tayabas and Adjacent Bays ICM Board (TAB-ICMB) will be created, while the existing Batangas Bay Region Environmental Protection Council (BBR-EPC) shall be converted into a Batangas Bay ICM Board (BB-ICMB). The bay region ICM Boards will be composed of the city/municipal mayors of the city/municipalities covered by the said bay region, as well representatives of the various stakeholders in the bay regions. Each ICM Board will be chaired by one of the mayors, elected

by the members for a term of one year. The MENRO/MPDC of the mayor elected as chair will serve as secretariat.

The ICM Boards will provide inter-municipal, and multi-sectoral policy direction, coordination and integration in accordance with their environmental management or ICM plan, as aligned with this SEMP. The bay region boards will refer to the provincial BEPC, matters requiring the latter’s policy and guidance. Also, it will farm out programs and projects, but retain implementation policies, programs and projects that are appropriate at the level of the bay region. A Technical Working Group, composed of relevant government and non-government agencies, organizations and/or institutions, operating in the specific bay region will provide technical support to the board. The provincial government agency in charge of the sector most dominant in the bay region will chair the technical working group.

At the city/municipal level, ICM Councils (ICMCs) will be created and will be chaired by the concerned Mayor. The City/Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officers (C/MENROs), or if there is no C/MENRO, the City/Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator (C/MPDC), will provide the secretariat

support to these Boards. These Councils, to be composed of as many but manageable number of representatives from various stakeholders, will be responsible in ensuring implementation of ICM initiatives at the municipal level.

Consequently, the Provincial Government of Batangas, through the Batangas Environmental Protection Council (BEPC) and the bay region boards, the concerned city/municipal local government units, national and provincial government agencies, as well as the organized civil society, private business, academe, and people’s organizations, will be the main executing units of this SEMP. The Local Chief Executives together with their respective environmental management offices, planning offices, agricultural offices (where the fisheries sector is lodged in), and the Sangguniang Bayan, especially the chairmen on environment, will play major roles in spearheading the various area-specific programs, projects, and activities stated herein.

The organization and management arrangement is shown schematically in the proposed three-tiered organizational structure in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Proposed Three-Tiered Multisectoral Organizational Structure

Provincial Dev’t Council

---------------------------------

Sangguniang Panlalawigan

Batangas Environmental Protection Council

Chairman: Provincial Governor

Secretariat: PG-ENRO

Technical Experts

Batangay Bay

ICM Board

Balayan Bay

ICM Board

Tayabas Bay

ICM Board

Secretariat:

MPDC/MENRO

Municipal Development Council

------------------------------------------

Sangguniang Bayan

City/Municipal ICM

Council

Chairman: Mayor

Secretariat:

MENRO/MPDC

Implementation Schedule

The implementation of this SEMP covers a 15-year period from 2005 to 2020. The SEMP only provides the overall framework, since it is expected that the respective bay region-specific environmental management or ICM plans will be implemented as well, which will eventually contribute to the overall attainment of this SEMP’s goals and objectives.

The first year is basically

focused on organizing multi-stakeholder participation in plan implementation, establishing baseline information and management systems, detailed design of programs and projects, and initial implementation of some programs and projects. The next five years to fifteen years will build on what have been put in place during the first year. The activities will include full implementation by various stakeholders of the programs and projects designed during the first phase, activating and strengthening the information and management systems, and continuous policy development and implementation oversight by the three-tiered management bodies. The detailed implementation schedule for each action program is discussed below and is provided for each activity in the implementation summary matrix.

1. Institutional Development and

Integrated Planning

Under the institutional development strategy, the first year (2005) will be devoted to securing the legal mandate for the BEPC and the formation of the three bay-region boards. The city/municipal ICM councils will be formed in the second year (2006). Operation of these institutions will continue until 2020 and beyond.

Under the integrated planning strategy, the integration of the provincial land and water use plans into the provincial development framework plan will be facilitated in the first year as well as the updating and formulation of the bay region plans. The city/municipal development plans will take three years starting 2006 depending on the readiness and capability of municipalities. The formulation of the Provincial Environmental Code will take two years starting 2006, although some preliminary research inputs have already been gathered by PG-ENRO. The formulation of City/Municipal Environmental Code will immediately follow the development of the Provincial Code and will take three years, which is a relatively shorter target period since inputs from the experiences of the Provincial Code will surely be most helpful. An evaluation of all plans made at various levels will be done at regular intervals in 2010, 2015 and 2020 and the results will be fed into improvement and modification of the plans based on the experiences of the previous years.

Capacity-building activities such as

the strengthening of the Batangas ICM Center, updating of the Provincial ICM website, management and maintenance of the IIMS and the conduct of ICEC activities are continuing activities from 2005 to 2020.

2. Waste Management Solid waste management action programs will start in 2005 with the reconstitution of the SWM Board to

prepare and improve the SWM plans at the provincial, city/municipal and

barangay levels. At the same time, massive multimedia IEC will be conducted continuously until 2020. Material recovery facilities will be established in both municipalities and barangays starting 2005 and onwards until 2020. Currently, some municipalities have already established their MRFs in compliance with the provisions of RA 9003 but the majority are still in the process of looking for suitable sites. Likewise, the choice of site and establishment of controlled dumpsites and sanitary landfills will start as early as 2005 and will continue until 2020 depending on the pacing of the LGUs in locating a site and in forging partnership with investors and funding institutions. Under the strategy on industrial and agricultural waste management, programs, strategies and policies that will strengthen community and LGU participation in the EIA system will be developed in the first two years. There is already an existing MOA between DENR and PG-ENRO devolving some of the EIA functions to the Provincial Government of Batangas that can be concretized by designing detailed strategies and corresponding policy support. At the same time, the existing multisectoral monitoring team will be reconstituted as early as 2005 to conduct regular monitoring of water quality at various predetermined pollution point sources. By 2006, the Batangas Environment Laboratory will expand its services to cover the three bays and rivers and will continue to do regular water sampling and analysis until 2020. Likewise, a Quick Response System will be organized in 2006 to respond to oil spills and pollution-related events. A process to create an environmental guarantee fund will be started in 2006 and the operation of

the fund is expected to continue until 2020 and onwards. 3. Habitat Restoration and

Management All strategies under this action program require the conduct of research focusing on identification, inventory and assessment which are planned on the first two years covering 2005 to 2006. Community mobilization will also be done in the first two years while management, conservation and rehabilitation activities will follow thereafter, including river rehabilitation projects, mangrove replanting and enhancement/management of urban greenbelt areas and waterfront reserves. Database management and ICEC for public awareness and participation are continuing activities starting as early as 2005 until 2020. 4. Water Resources Protection and

Management Under the strategy on community-based watershed reforestation and urban greening, the first year will be devoted to identification of critical watersheds and the formulation of reforestation and forest stewardship program. Continuing activities starting as early as 2005 and onwards to 2020 consist of establishment and strengthening of municipal nurseries to ensure supply of seedlings and the mobilization of communities, academe, industry sector and civil society to become partners in reforestation/urban greening and partnership. Under water use rationalization strategy, the first year will be devoted to doing research to

evaluate the scarcity value of water and formulating and adopting a provincial ordinance that will regulate extraction of underground water. Continuing activities include collaborative research on water demand and supply conditions, pricing and alternative sources and promising technologies. Implementation of the provisions of the ordinance will immediately follow its adoption after a year of preparation. The conduct of a water forum will be an annual activity while the production and distribution of IEC materials will be done continuously. The academe will be tapped as an IEC medium on the second year. Likewise, the conduct of training on household-based water recycling and water-saving techniques especially among women will also commence on the second year. 5. Fisheries Protection and

Management Under the strategy on marine law enforcement, the formulation and adoption of an ordinance that will establish and strengthen Bantay Dagat initiatives will be done as early as 2005. Getting access to funding to provide regular incentives and logistic support to the Bantay Dagat team will be done at the same time and will be a continuing activity until 2020. Likewise, marine law enforcement agencies will be mobilized in 2005 to strengthen enforcement continuously until 2020 and onwards. Communities will be mobilized as early as 2005 including private business, civil society and media to be active partners in marine law enforcement. Currently, this kind of partnership is in infancy in some coastal communities in the Balayan Bay Region. The

development and distribution of IEC materials is a continuing activity to increase public awareness and participation in marine law enforcement. Throughout the project time frame, research, policy-making, capacity-building and the holding of annual fisher folks forum will be carried out. The bay wide municipal waters will be delineated consistent with the provisions of RA 8550 in the first two years to minimize multiple use conflicts as early as possible. The strategy on livelihood and enterprise development will commence with the identification, inventory and assessment of potential livelihood and enterprise alternatives in 2005. This will be followed in 2006 by the conduct of continuous entrepreneurial skills and development training and the establishment of a fund for extending loans and financial assistance to fisher folks engaged in livelihood projects. The establishment of coastal resource-based cooperatives will be started in 2006 and by 2020, it is expected that all fishing communities have bound themselves together towards cooperative undertaking and self-help activities.

Monitoring and Evaluation

The monitoring and evaluation of the SEMP implementation will be the main responsibility of the Secretariat of the Councils/Boards. For this SEMP, a detailed plan implementation monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system will be formulated during the inception stage. The M&E system will establish specific measurable environmental management indicators reflective of the distinct

characteristics of the action programs’ strategic activities.

A preliminary list of the expected outputs or success indicators is provided in the implementation summary matrix. Most of these are quantitative indicators are output-biased but they also allow for on-going learning, correction and adjustment by all parties concerned. Other indicators require the generation of documents, plans and proceedings as proof of activities undertaken and their corresponding results and output.

In addition, the M&E system

will (a) provide reporting formats, including the frequency of its generation and submission to appropriate units such as the provincial BEPC, the bay region boards, and the city/municipal ICM Councils; (b) establish and maintain data base and information feedback system for effective integrated management of the area’s coastal marine and terrestrial resources; (c) identify problems affecting SEMP implementation and the formulation of recommended solutions for appropriate action by the management bodies and chief executives of the province and the municipalities; and (d) develop a sub-system for the effective information flow in the implementation of this SEMP.

All these M&E related functions will be carried out by the respective secretariats in close coordination and collaboration with all key actors, such as the LGUs, NGOs, POs, industry, academe, and national line agencies situated in the area. Monitoring of the implementation of the plan will focus on the delivery mechanisms and conversion processes of inputs into the desired outputs.

Aside from the regular conduct of monitoring and evaluation, as provided for in the M&E system, midterm and ex-

post evaluation will be conducted. A midterm evaluation is necessary to review the activities, evaluate their results, assess their impacts and make recommendations on measures for improvement and extension of demonstrable experience. On the other hand, the objective of the ex-post evaluation is to look into the outcomes or impact of SEMP implementation in both environmental and the socio-economic conditions in the area, as well as the performance of the different multi-stakeholder arrangements, and the effectiveness and sustainability of the SEMP implementation strategies, approaches, processes and techniques. Both midterm and ex-post evaluation results, among others, will be the bases for re-planning.

Indicators for the midterm and ex-

post evaluation can be categorized into five major categories – state, pressure, process, sustainability and impact indicators (Annex 4). State indicators consist of three components; physical/environmental state indicators, economic state indicators, and local governance/political state indicators. Process indicators are assessed in terms of preparation for program implementation, initiation of ICM activities, and development of ICM program. Response indicators are more focused on the extent of adoption and implementation of plans formulated. Sustainability indicators emphasize more on perception and behavior changes among stakeholders, sustainable financing systems, integration of ICM into local development programs and the establishment and operationalization of mechanisms for knowledge generation, sharing and extension. Process, response and sustainability indicators are all measured using a 10-point scale as follows:

0 – not available 1 – initiated 5 – significant progress 10 – completed

Impact indicators are assessed in terms of environmental impact, economic impact, social impact, and political impact. Impact indicators are assessed using the following scale:

0 – not detected/cannot be determined 1 – sign of slight change 5 – sign of moderate change 10 - sign of significant change Effective collaboration initiatives

should pay attention to both the task and the process and so meet the needs that the different stakeholders have in both areas. In this regard, the task can be defined in terms of what those involved have to do while the process is concerned with how people and groups work together and maintain relationships.

Revision and Implementation Improvement of the Plan The periodic monitoring and evaluation, preferably annually, will serve as

opportunities for the provincial BEPC, the bay region boards, and the city/municipal ICM councils to review and, if necessary, modify the existing policies, implementation strategies, programs, projects, approaches, processes and techniques in order to make them more appropriate to the conditions and requirements of particular areas or communities.

To improve SEMP implementation, the Secretariat of the Councils/Boards will document early recognizable “success stories” in the course of monitoring and evaluation so that lessons from its initial programs, projects and activities can be communicated to concerned key actors and stakeholders. Such lessons will also serve as vital inputs in the revision or improvement of the SEMP.

Any changes in the SEMP in terms of scope, duration, and implementation arrangements of specific major programs or projects will be subject to the approval of the bay region board, and if necessary by the provincial BEPC, with prior consultations with the concerned stakeholders and the concurrence of donor institutions, where applicable.

The implementation of the SEMP

requires the allocation of resources not normally appropriated by LGUs. However, there may be related budget lines or activities within the LGUs which are regularly funded and that can be realigned or mainstreamed to the proposed strategic actions in the Plan. For example, LGUs are mandated to allocate at least 20% of the respective 20% Development Fund to the Human and Ecological Security (HES) activities. The HES can be a source of funds for the environmental management or ICM-related activities.

Commitments of money and other

resources are limited only to localized settings and may not be enough to provide a comprehensive coverage of all proposed programs. For example, the Batangas Coastal Resources Management Foundation (BCRMF) in the Batangas Bay Region and the Bacnotan Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant (BCFTPP) in the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region have allocated substantial amounts for environmental protection but the coverage of targeted interventions have to be expanded beyond their localized settings. Likewise, higher education institutions have at least 10 percent of their total budget allocated to research and development and community service; it is a challenge for the SEMP stakeholders/ implementers from the HEIs to direct part of these funds to

support research and development programs identified in the SEMP.

To support the implementation of programs listed in the SEMP, the different stakeholders identified possible sources and corresponding ballpark amount being dedicated to these ICM –related activities. The indicative budget for the five major action programs is shown below.

ACTION PROGRAM

BUDGET (P‘000)

Institutional Development & Integrated Planning

65,950

Waste Management 408,645 Habitat Restoration and Management

71,010

Underground Water Protection and Management

65,865

Fisheries Protection and Management

126,295

All Programs

737,765

Tentatively, around 737.76 Million Philippine pesos is required in the implementation of this 15-year SEMP. Approximately, P 472.26 Million is needed to cover the first six years of plan implementation (or the first phase), from 2005 to 2010. Meanwhile, around P 132.75 Million is earmarked for each of the second and third phases of plan

implementation, i.e. 2011-2015 and 2016-2020.

The above figures represent only

the direct operational costs associated with the activities in the action programs and do not include (a) salaries, wages and any form of compensation of people involved in ICM activities, (b) vehicles, equipment and machinery that are already existing and currently in use by stakeholders/institutions, (c) office/working spaces dedicated ICM activities. It is expected and assumed that the existing local experts and support staff from the provincial and municipal local government units, the national agencies, the civil society, private business, higher education institutions, and the communities will be mobilized to implement specific components of the plan. The allocation by activity is included in the implementation summary matrix while annual allocation is provided in detail in Annex 5.

Regular appropriations from provincial and municipal local government units will be the main bulk of the sources of funds, complemented by support from national agencies, civil society, private business, higher education institutions, and the communities. In addition, sustainable financing mechanisms, once established, will also greatly contribute towards funding specific components of the plan.

As implied by the budget presented, the increased responsibility associated with environmental management, warrants substantial commitment in terms of providing policy and planning environment for the generation of additional resources both from the government and non-government sources and from other stakeholders like the industries, tourism-related sector, fisherfolks, academe, etc., to carry out the various strategic

actions identified of this SEMP as well as that of the bay region-specific plans.

Support from diverse interest groups should therefore be sought since it assures greater integration and allows for coordinated action. The challenge is to mobilize the private sector, national and local resources, and even foreign assistance or international funding institutions to finance these plans. The sourcing can be undertaken by the province-wide BEPC, the bay region boards, through their Secretariat and TWG, and also directly by the city/municipal ICM councils. Innovative schemes can serve to cushion the impact of additional financial requirements, by developing and establishing sustainable sources of financing. New opportunities for increased funds and more efficient use of existing resources are provided by various market instruments that are likely to play an increasingly important role in the future. Trust funds, fees, and charges, may be developed. The LGU of Mabini, for example, is currently collecting a conservation fee from visitor-divers to help finance its coastal resources protection and management initiatives. The neighboring municipality of Tingloy is expected to soon follow. The imposition of a water extraction fee as an instrument to capture the scarcity value of water in Batangas and at the same time as a source of revenue for its conservation is also under study by the Provincial Government.

Box 5. Implementation summary matrix of the SEMP by action programs

Action Program 1. Institutional Mechanism and Sustainability

ACTION PROGRAM/ COMPONENTS/ACTIVITIES

INDICATOR OF OUTPUT TIME TABLE

INDICATIVE BUDGET (P ’000)

RESPONSIBLE

Agencies SUPPORTING

LAWS

A. Institutional Development

1. Adopt an ordinance establishing a three-tiered multisectoral organizational mechanism

Provincial Ordinance adopted 2005

25

PG-ENRO, SP

2. Form, establish, and operationalize the Batangas Environmental Protection Council (BEPC) and the three bay region ICM Boards, including their respective TWGs

2.1 Batangas Bay ICM Board (BB-ICMB)

2.2 Balayan and Adjacent Bays ICM

Board (BAB-ICMB)

2.3 Tayabas and Adjacent Bays ICM

Board (TAB-ICMB)

Organized and operational:

BEPC and TEG

Batangas Bay ICM Board (BB-ICMB) and TWG

Balayan and Adjacent Bays ICM Board (BAB-ICMB) and TWG

Tayabas and Adjacent Bays ICM Board (TAB-ICMB) and TWG

Minutes of meetings & consultations

Records of decisions made and conflicts resolved

2005 - 2020

2,400

PG-ENRO, TWG, Municipal LGUs, Provincial Offices,

National Agencies, Civil Society, Private

Business, Fisherfolks

3. Form, establish, operationalize the City/Municipal ICM Council (ICMC) in each LGU or the mobilization of municipal development councils as the ICMCs

no. of ICMC organized and operational

Observable indications of political commitment on LGU executives Minutes of meetings of ICMCs

2006 – 2020

19,200

City/Municipal LGUs, MENROs, MAOs, Civil

Society, Private Business, Fisherfolks

Local Government Code (RA 7160) Land Use Code

B. Integrated Planning Systems

1. Update provincial development framework plans integrating provincial land and water use plans and ICM concerns

Provl Development updated Provl Physical Framework Plan updated

2005

50

BEPC/TWG, PPDO, PLUC,

PDC

2. Update the Batangas Bay SEMP and the Balayan and Adjacent Bays ICM Plan and formulate a Tayabas and Adjacent Bays ICM Plan, all aligned with this SEMP

Batangas Bay SEMP updated Balayan and Adjacent Bays ICM Plan updated Tayabas and Adjacent Bays ICM Plan formulated

2005 2005 2006

650 BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-

ENRO, PPDO

3. Update city/municipal development plans integrating land and water use plans and ICM/ICM concerns

city/municipal development plans updated and operational

2006 1,275 City/Municipal LGUs, C/MENRO, C/MPDC, C/MAO, C/MDC

4. Formulate a Provincial Environmental Code

Provincial Environmental Code formulated Proceedings of workshops and consultations Report on approval and adoption of the code

2006 – 2007

100

BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-

ENRO, PPDO

5. Formulate City/Municipal Environmental Codes

city/municipal environmental codes formulated proceedings of workshops & consultations

2008 – 2010

1,200

C/MENRO, C/MPDC, C/MDC

6. Evaluation of plans and re-planning

Evaluation Report(s) Batangas SEMP refined Batangas Bay SEMP refined Balayan and Adjacent Bays ICM Plan refined Tayabas and Adjacent Bays ICM Plan refined

2010, 2015, 2020

1,875

BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-

ENRO, PPDO

C. Capacity-Building

1. Strengthen the Batangas ICM Center and conduct regular training for ICM practitioners at the local and national levels

report on training conducted

directory of trainees/participants

list of local experts and resource persons

training modules

2005 - 2020

800

PG-ENRO, DENR, LGUs, HEIs

2. Maintain and regularly update the provincial ICM website (batangascoastalink) and develop bay-region specific and city/municipal specific ICM/ICM websites.

Batangas coastal link (website) maintained and updated, # of recorded visitors to website

3 bay region specific websites established

city/municipal specific websites established

2005 - 2020

10,400

BEPC/TWG, PG-

ENRO, City/Municipal LGUs, HEIs

3. Manage and update environmental and ICM-related data and information thru the Integrated Information Management Systems (IIMS), encourage information sharing among ICM practitioners and partners.

IIMS regularly updated

data categories available

report on extent of Information sharing

report on observable indications of usefulness of information

2005 - 2020

12,000

PG-ENRO, PPDO, LGUs, HEIs

4. Conduct ICEC activities to increase capacities of ICM practitioners and partners, and maximize partnership with media to ensure timely dissemination of issues and concerns and encourage active collaboration

IEC materials produced and disseminated/distributed

report on observable indications of improved capacity of practitioners and partners

report on observable indications of media support

2005 - 2020

12,000

PG-ENRO, City/Municipal LGUs, local and national

media

5. Establish and implement sustainable financing schemes that will support activities of the SEMP.

sustainable financing mechanisms established

indicative amount generated thru sustainable financing mechanisms

2006- 2020

3,975

BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-ENRO, City/Municipal

LGUs

Action Program 2 – Waste Management

ACTION PROGRAM/ COMPONENTS/ACTIVITIES

INDICATOR OF OUTPUT TIME TABLE

INDICATIVE BUDGET (P ’000)

RESPONSIBLE

Agencies SUPPORTING

LAWS

A. Solid Waste Management

1. Reconstitute SWM Boards and prepare and/or improve SWM plans (provincial, municipal, barangay)

10-year SWM Plan

minutes of meetings of SWM boards

2005

300

BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ Municipal LGUs

2. Conduct massive multi-media ICEC that will help mobilize communities and even households in the proper segregation, recycling and disposal of wastes

Report on barangay assemblies organized

IEC materials produced and disseminated/ distributed

Report on trainings conducted

number of households reached & mobilized

2005 - 2020

21,600

PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ Municipal LGUs, civil society, local media,

HEIs

3. Promote innovative schemes that will help minimize accumulation of wastes: “pera sa basura”, recycling and linkages to buyers of recycled materials, assist organization of junkshop operators, composting, biodigesting, organic farming, etc

List of junkshop operators

Report on recycling efforts

2005-2006

11,430

PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ Municipal LGUs, civil society, local media,

HEIs

4. Establish and develop material recovery facilities (MRFs) in both barangay and municipal levels

MRFs and composting facilties established and operationalized

MBIs adopted in communities for managing wastes

2005 - 2020

43,200

BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ Municipal LGUs, civil society, private business

5. Establish and develop city/municipal sanitary land-fills and/or controlled dumpsites for disposal of wastes

Controlled dumpsites established

sanitary land fills established

partnership developed

funding assistance sought

2006-2010

300,000

BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ Municipal LGUs, private business

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) Toxic and Hazardous Waste Management Act (RA 6969) Local Govt Code (RA 7163)

B. Management of Industrial and Agricultural Wastes

1. Strengthen community and LGU participation in the EIA system

Guidelines on devolution of EIA functions

projects with LGU participation in the EIA process

2005 - 2006

1,260

BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ Municipal LGUs, civil society, SP, SBs

2. Expand membership of ICM and build on its initiatives

list of active members & projects conducted

list of industries which underwent PMA

2005 - 2020

BCRMF

2. Build capacity through training of multi-agency Management Monitoring Teams (MMT) to be able to properly monitor pollution mitigating measures by industries

records of monitoring surveys conducted in the bays and among pollution point sources

progress reports and analysis

observable indications of effective teamwork/

minutes of meetings of the team

2005 - 2020

11,680

PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ Municipal LGUs, civil society, industries

3. Strengthen the Batangas Environment Laboratory to conduct monitoring and evaluation surveys in the bays and among pollution point sources

time-series data base on water quality monitoring

amount of funds allocated to lab operations

# of personnel dedicated to the lab

available lab equipment and capacity

2005 - 2020

3,200

PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ Municipal LGUs, civil society, industries

4. Mobilize industries, academe, civil society and media to participate in a Quick Response System (QRS) that will promptly respond and undertake mitigating measures to pollution related events

membership of the QRS team

Oil Spill Contingency Plan

report on polluted related events responded

report on observable indications of effective teamwork

2006 - 2020

9,450

PG-ENRO, DENR,

PCG, PPA, local media

EIS System (PD 1586) Marine Pollution Decree (PD 979) RA 6969

5. Establish environmental guarantee fund

consultations done to develop policies for environmental guarantees

amount of fund generated and sources

guidelines on establishment of guarantee fund

2006 - 2020

6,525

BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG,

TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-ENRO, DENR, City/

Municipal LGUs, industries, SP, SBs

Action Program 3 – Habitat Restoration and Management

ACTION PROGRAM/ COMPONENTS/ACTIVITIES

INDICATOR OF OUTPUT TIME TABLE

INDICATIVE BUDGET (P ’000)

RESPONSIBLE

Agencies SUPPORTING

LAWS

A. Protected Area Management

1. Identify, conduct inventory and assess critical habitats and ecosystems through participatory and scientific techniques

report on identification and inventory of critical habitats and ecosystems

2005 - 2006

1,300

BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-ENRO, City/Municipal LGUs, NGOs, HEIs

2. Mobilize communities as active partners in protected area management, and design a province-wide and bay region-wide network/system of protected/conservation areas, inclusive of a biodiversity and habitat monitoring system

list of participating communities

province-wide network of protection/ conservation areas designed (with M&E system)

3 bay region specific network of protection/ conservation areas designed (with M&E system)

2005 - 2006

1,300

BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-ENRO, City/Municipal LGUs, NGOs, HEIs

3. Establish marine and terrestrial protected/ conservation areas through ordinance(s) and manage the same through community partnership and sustainable financing

Ordinance establishing protected or conservation areas

2006 - 2020

19,500

BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-ENRO, City/Municipal LGUs, NGOs, HEIs

4.Develop and regularly update management plans and data base on the network of protected/ conservation areas through a habitat assessment and resource monitoring system

management plans formulated

data base regularly updated/ IIMS

report on habitat assessment and monitoring surveys conducted

2006- 2020

10,500

BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-ENRO, City/Municipal LGUs, NGOs, HEIs

5. Develop and disseminate IEC materials to increase public awareness and participation in the protection and management of the network of protected/conservation areas

IEC materials produced and disseminated/distributed

Report on observable change in perception and awareness

2005 - 2020

11,200

PG-ENRO,

City/Municipal LGUs, NGOs, HEIs

RAMSAR 1971 CBD 1992 NIPAS Act (RA 7586) Guidelines on Establishing Ecotourism Development Areas (EO 111) DENR AO #15

B. Rehabilitation of Degraded Habitats and Ecosystems 1. Identify, inventory and assess degraded habitats and ecosystems, especially river systems

Report on identification and inventory of degraded habitats and ecosystems

2005 – 2006

1,260

BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-ENRO, City/Municipal LGUs, NGOs, HEIs

2. Design and implement a “Sagip Ilog” initiative among prioritized rivers (Calumpang River, Pansipit River, Benanbang River, etc) i.e. river clean-up, removal of silt, monitoring of water quality, regulation of waste dumping through ordinances, riverside tree planting, awareness campaign on the importance of the river system, etc

River Rehabilitation Plan report on status of rivers

2006 - 2010

3,900

BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-ENRO, City/Municipal LGUs, NGOs, HEIs

3. Conduct mangrove re-planting and restoration of degraded lands

report on mangrove rehabilitation activities including location and area planted

2006 - 2010

4,150

PG-ENRO, City/Municipal LGUs, NGOs, private business

C. Urban Greenbelts and Waterfront Reserves 1. Identify, conduct inventory, and assess potential urban greenbelt areas and waterfront reserves.

report on potential urban greenbelt areas and waterfront reserves

2005 - 2006

1,250

BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-ENRO, City/Municipal LGUs, NGOs, private

business

2. Establish urban greenbelt areas and waterfront reserves through ordinance(s)

Ordinance establishing urban greenbelt areas and waterfront reserves

2006 - 2007 500 SP, SBs

3. Enhance/manage urban greenbelt areas and waterfront reserves through community partnerships

area (hectares) of urban greenbelt areas and waterfront reserves managed through community partnerships

2007 - 2020

16,150

PG-ENRO, City/Municipal LGUs, NGOs, private business

Action Program 4 – Water Resources Protection and Management

ACTION PROGRAM/ COMPONENTS/ACTIVITIES

INDICATOR OF OUTPUT TIME TABLE

INDICATIVE BUDGET (P ’000)

RESPONSIBLE

Agencies SUPPORTING

LAWS

A. Community-Based Watershed Reforestation and Urban Regreening

1. Identify critical watersheds (i.e. Mt. Makulot, Mt. Malarayat, spring sources, pumping stations) and urban areas for re-greening, and formulate massive year-round reforestation and stewardship

Report on critical watersheds and urban areas for re-greening

Reforestation and stewardship program formulated and operationalized

2005

605

BEPC/TWG, BB-ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-

ENRO, DENR, City/Municipal LGUs, NGOs, Water Districts

2. Establish and/or strengthen city/municipal nurseries to ensure supply of seedlings, including barangay/ village-level satellite nurseries near or within critical watershed areas and urban areas for re-greening

nurseries established (municipal & barangay levels)

record of seedlings produced and distributed

progress reports on status of nurseries

2005 - 2020

11,280

PG-ENRO, DENR, City/Municipal LGUs

3. Mobilize communities, academe (thru NSTP students), industry sector (i.e. as “sponsors”, and civil society to become partners in reforestation/ urban re-greening and stewardship

institutions and individual partners in reforestation/urban re-greening and stewardship

report on locations and sizes of reforested areas

2005 - 2020

10,480

PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ Municipal LGUs, NGOs, private business, HEIs

Phil. Water Code (PD 1067) Provincial Water Utilities Act (RA 9275) Clean Water Act (RA 9275)

B. Water Use Rationalization Through Regulation and Market-Based Instruments

1. Evaluate scarcity value of water (i.e. review current water billing system for both residential and commercial, including water usage by industries)

Research report on scarcity value of water

Report on water supply and demand

2005

340

BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-ENRO, DENR, City/

Municipal LGUs, NGOs, Water Districts, HEIs

2. Conduct continuous collaborative research on water demand, supply scarcity conditions, reasonable pricing, alternative sources and water-saving technologies

report on water-related researches conducted

proceedings of forum where researches are presented

2005 - 2020

5,040

DENR, City/ Municipal LGUs, NGOs, , Water

Districts, HEIs

MTDP 1999-2004

3. Formulate and adopt a provincial ordinance that will regulate extraction of underground water by imposing a water use fee and will require all industrial, commercial, and residential buildings to provide rainwater capture facilities for flushing, watering of plants, and cleaning.

provincial ordinance passed

2005

50

BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-

ENRO, SP

4. Implement the provincial ordinance regulating extraction of underground water

report on consultations

guidelines on regulation of water use

2005 - 2020

10,800

PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ Municipal LGUs, Water

Districts

IEC Campaign

1. Conduct an annual water forum to update various stakeholders on the state of the province’s water resources, research findings, progress on activities undertaken and actions to be taken.

Proceedings of annual water forum

2005 - 2020

5,840

BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PG-ENRO, DENR, City/

Municipal LGUs, Water Districts, HEIs

2. Produce and distribute multi-media information materials on the following topics: importance of water resources and their preservation to health, livelihood, and economy; the current state of water resources (especially in areas undergoing rapid urbanization); water-saving strategies, i.e. recycling

IEC materials produced and distributed and disseminated

report on observable signs of increased awareness in the community

2005 - 2020

10,480

PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ Municipal LGUs, Water

Districts, HEIs, local media

3. Conduct school-based IEC campaign, i.e. seminars, conduct of water-related research development activities, linking with student organizations and student activities devoted to environment

report on school- based IEC campaign events

report on observable sign of increased awareness & education among students & faculty

2006 - 2020

5,475

HEIs

4. Conduct training on household-based water recycling and water-saving techniques especially among women

report on trainings conducted

report on observable increased awareness among women

report on observable practices on water-saving techniques & recycling

2006 - 2020

5,475

PG-ENRO, DENR, City/ Municipal LGUs, Water

Districts, HEIs

Action Program 5 – Fisheries Protection and Management

ACTION PROGRAM/ COMPONENTS/ACTIVITIES

INDICATOR OF OUTPUT TIME TABLE

INDICATIVE BUDGET (P ’000)

RESPONSIBLE AGENCIES

SUPPORTING LAWS

A. Marine Law Enforcement

1. Formulate and adopt an ordinance that will establish and institutionalize Bantay Dagat initiatives

Provincial Ordinance adopted

2005

25

BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, OPA, BFAR, City/ Municipal LGUs, SP

2. Mobilize communities, private business, civil society, media as active partners in marine law enforcement

list of members

record of violations and apprehensions

2005 - 2020

4,400

BPEC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, OPA, City/ Municipal LGUs, private business, civil society, local media

3. Motivate, mobilize and strengthen marine law enforcement agencies in the province

schedule of patrol-days

record of violations and apprehensions

2005 - 2020

4,400

BPEC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, PNP, PCG, PPA

4. Access funding to provide regular incentives (allowances that would approximate Barangay Tanods, life, accident and health insurances, capacity building training) and logistical support (patrol boats) to Bantay Dagat volunteers

report on appropriations made

amount (cash and in-kind) from various sectors supporting marine law enforcement

2005 - 2020

33,600

BPEC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, OPA, City/ Municipal LGUs, private business

5. Develop and distribute IEC materials to increase public awareness and participation in marine law enforcement

report on IEC materials produced and distributed and disseminated

report on observable signs of increased awareness

2005 - 2020

4,400

OPA, City/ Municipal LGUs, civil society, local media

Fisheries Code of 1998 (RA 8550)

B. Research, Policy and Institutional Support

1. Conduct regular fisheries stock assessment and monitoring and other fishery related researches, and form scientific advisory committee for fisheries

report on fishery stock assessment conducted

report on fishery related researches conducted

Scientific advisory committee for fisheries

2005 - 2020

4,400

BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, OPA, BFAR, City/ Municipal LGUs, HEIs, FARMCs

2. Formulate policies, to ensure sustainable fisheries’ stock, i.e. open and close season, allowable fishing gears, etc.

Policies and ordinances on sustainable fisheries adopted and implemented

report on observable practices in support of policies

2005 - 2020

3,600

BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, OPA, BFAR, City/ Municipal LGUs, HEIs, civil society, FARMCs, SP, SBs

3. Delineate bay-wide municipal waters

ordinance delineating municipal waters

2005 - 2006

1,050

BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, OPA, BFAR, City/ Municipal LGUs, civil society, FARMCs, SP, SBs

4. Conduct capacity building training for bay-wide integrated and municipal FARMCS as partners in fisheries protection and development

report on trainings conducted

report on observable indications of improved capability

2005 - 2020

8,400

OPA, BFAR, City/ Municipal LGUs, HEIs, civil society, FARMCs

5. Hold annual fisherfolks forum, and forge partnerships among fisherfolks, private business, academe, and NGOs.

proceedings off annual fisherfolks forum

partnerships forged by various sectors with fisherfolks

2005 - 2020

4,400

BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, OPA, BFAR, City/ Municipal LGUs, HEIs, civil society, private business, FARMCs

C. Livelihood and Enterprise Development

1. Identify, conduct inventory, and assess potential livelihood and enterprise initiatives: coastal/marine-based, freshwater-based, and eco-tourism related

report on potential livelihood and enterprises identified and assessed for feasibility

2005

315

OPA, BFAR, PCDO, DTI, TESDA, City/ Municipal LGUs, HEIs, civil society, private business, FARMCs

2. Conduct entrepreneurial skills development training

report on trainings conducted & participants

report on observable indications of entrepreneurial skills

2005 - 2020

10,480

OPA, BFAR, PCDO, DTI, TESDA, City/ Municipal LGUs, HEIs, private business, FARMCs

3. Assist establishment of coastal resource-based cooperatives

list of coastal resource-based cooperatives organized

status report of cooperatives

2006 - 2010

1,825

OPA, PCDO, DTI, TESDA, City/ Municipal LGUs, FARMCs

4. Establish loan/grant fund that can be accessed by entrepreneurs/fisherfolks who will engage in livelihood (i.e. seaweed farming, tilapia culture, smoked fish making, fish sauce making, payao, giant clam seeding, ecotourism-based activities)

list of loan/grant fund available for access

amount of loans/funds availed

documented stories & testimonies of livelihood activities enjoying funding

2006 - 2020

45,000

BEPC/TWG, BB- ICMB/ TWG, BAB-ICMB/TWG, TAB-ICMB/TWG, OPA, BFAR, PCDO, DTI, TESDA, City/ Municipal LGUs, HEIs, civil society, private business, FARMCs

Annex 1

RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AND

NATIONAL LAWS, POLICIES AND PROGRAMS

RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AND

NATIONAL LAWS, POLICIES AND PROGRAMS

Fisheries

1. Fisheries Code of 1998, Republic Act 8550 where the mandate for coastal

management is devolved to the local government. This includes jurisdiction over its municipal waters (i.e. marine waters included between two lines drawn perpendicular to the general coastline from points where the boundary lines of the municipality touch the sea at low tide and a third line parallel with the general coastline including offshore islands and fifteen kilometers from such coastline); together with the FARMC they will be responsible for the management, conservation, development, protection, utilization and disposition of all fish and fishery/aquatic resources with their municipal waters. Likewise, creation and mandate of an IFARMC is stated.

Biodiversity and Resource Use

2. The Philippines is a signatory to the following international agreements : (a)

Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially of Waterfowl Habitat (RAMSAR 1971), (b) Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (Paris, 1972), (c) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (Washington, 1973), (d) Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn, 1979), (e) Convention on the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region (1986), and (f) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD, 1992)

3. The Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Protected Areas Republic Act No 7586

of 1992, the National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS) Act is the primary law that governs the establishment and management of protected areas.

4. Integrated Mangrove Rehabilitation and Seedling Production Project – funded by the

government and with 2 main components, mangrove rehabilitation and seedling production with municipalities as partner of DENR. The cost of labor for plantation establishment and maintenance and protection is the counterpart contribution of the municipality. The project aims to establish 56 hectares of mangrove plantation. Likewise, it aims to raise a total of 140,000 forest tree seedlings to support clean and green programs of cities and municipalities.

5. Study and Mapping and Land Cover Assessment of Mangrove Areas – foreign-

assisted and covers all mangrove areas of the country using SPOT Data as basis.

6. Republic Act 9147, 2001–Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act - providing for the conservation and protection of wildlife resources and habitat to promote ecological balance and enhance biological biodiversity, to regulate the collection and trade of wildlife and initiate or support scientific studies on the conservation of biological biodiversity.

7. The DENR Department Administrative Order No. 15 series of 1990 provides the

rules governing the utilization, development and management of mangrove resources.

8. Presidential Decree 1801 which declares many small islands as tourism areas and

limits other types of development in the specified area (e.g. Nasugbu). Water and Water Use

9. The Philippine Water Code, PD 1067 contains the law governing the ownership, appropriation, utilization, exploitation, development, conservation and protection of water resources. It is based on the Constitutional provision that all waters belong to the State. It created the National Water Resources Board (NWRB) which regulates the country’s water resources through coordinating and regulating agencies for water resources management and development. NWRB regulates water use, resolve issues and conflicts in water resources & development such as inconsistencies in fees and charges; approves project involving the appropriation, utilization, exploitation, development, control, conversion of the country’s water resources

10. PD 198 – Provincial Water Utilities Act of 1973 which provides for the creation of

independent and locally controlled water district that could own and operate water supply and distribution system for domestic, industrial, municipal and agricultural uses. It established the Local Water Utilities Administration which manages all the water districts and review rates or charges established by local water utilities

11. RA 8041 – National Water Crisis Act of 1995 – addresses the water crisis especially

in terms of supply, distribution, finance, privatization of state-run facilities, protection and conservation of watersheds and waste and pilferage of water; created the Presidential Task Force on Water Resources Development and Management; plans and coordinates water policies and programs, including pricing and monitoring

12. Clean Water Act (RA 9275) aims to protect the country’s water bodies from pollution

from land-based sources such as industries, and commercial establishments, agriculture and community/household activities). It provides for comprehensive and integrated strategy to prevent and minimize pollution through multi-sectoral and participatory approach involving all stakeholders. RA 9275 prohibits the following: (a) discharging or depositing any water pollutant to water body, or such which will impede the natural flow of water, (b) discharging, injecting or allowing to enter into the soil, anything that would pollute groundwater, (c) operating facilities that discharge regulated water pollutants without valid required permits, (d) disposal of potentially infectious medical wastes into the sea by vessels, (e) unauthorized transport or dumping into waters of sewage sludge or solid waste

13. National Policy Directions for Water Resources Management and Development

(1999-2004) as outlined in the Medium Term Development Plan. It aims to (a) pursue the preservation of the environment, (b) pursue sustainable development and management of water resources, (c) adopt a holistic approach to link social and economic development with the protection of natural resources and ecosystems, (d) encourage recycling of water and harvesting and impounding of water, (e) enhance information campaign and training in proper waste disposal and ecological and environmental preservation with special emphasis on women’s participation, (f) create an independent authority that will formulate national policies on water resources management, regulation, utilization, planning and conservation, (g) support the creation of river basin authorities to effect integrated water resources

management, (h) develop standards for regulation and service efficiency, (i) pursue and strengthen the strict enforcement of water-related laws, rules and regulations, and adopt stiff and proportionate penalties for violators, (j) provide a favorable environment for LGUs’ and private sector participation in the provisions of water supply and sanitation services, (k) pursue private sector participation in providing water supply and sanitation, especially in urban areas, (l) harness the resources of private sector in improving water services and sewerage facilities (m) develop and provide incentives for continuous water districts to amalgamate into single business entities, and (n) continue the improvement of financial and technical evaluation of water districts to address water services sustainability

Waste Management and Pollution

14. Environmental Protection and Pollution Control, PD 1586, a law that implements the

Environmental Impact Assessment System (EIS). The EIS requires the assessment of the environmental impacts of projects that have been classified as Environmentally critical or projects located in environmentally critical areas. Guidelines are contained in DENR Administrative Order No 96-37. PD 856,

15. The Sanitation Code of the Philippines updates and codifies past laws to ensure adherence to modern standards of sanitation with a handy reference that is provided for enforcement.

16. PD 984, National Pollution Control Law, supports the policy to prevent, abate, and control pollution of water, air and land for more effective utilization of resources. It establishes and implements emissions and ambient standards for air and water.

17. Republic Act 6969, Toxic Substances Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Act 1990, covers control over importation, processing, handling, storage, transportation, sale, distribution, use and disposal of all unregulated chemicals and registration, storage, treatment and disposal of hazardous and nuclear wastes. Implementing rules contained in DENR Administrative Order No 29.

18. Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances to compile and maintain a national inventory of all chemicals and chemical substances in use throughout the country for use by the government, the industry and the general public.

19. Persistent organic Pollutants Project to identify and make an inventory of chemical

substances which are not only bio-accumulative but also persistent thus posing risk to health and the environment.

20. A Philippine Ozone Desk was established and completed investment projects funded

by the Multilateral Fund of the Montreal protocol have phased out about 1,300 mt of ozone depleting substances in various industry sectors. Regulations were also issued to control ODS importation.

21. Republic Act 9003, the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 which calls for the institutionalization of a national program that will manage the control, transfer, transport, processing and disposal of solid waste in the country.

Annex 2a

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE BATANGAS BAY REGION 1996-2020

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

FOR THE BATANGAS BAY REGION

1996-2020

Vision: Batangas Province will serve as a model for the attainment of the socio-economic objectives of the people, together with the conservation of its natural resources and the protection of the environment. Mission: To mobilize and strengthen the capability and partnerships among the LGUs, national government agencies, private sector, NGOs, volunteer groups, social organizations and coastal community organizations and residents for integrated management. Goal: To achieve an acceptable balance between the overall level of economic development and environmental management. Long Term Objectives:

1. Develop the Batangas Bay Region’s (BBR) environmental and natural resources to the fullest extent possible in accordance with sound management concepts and practices in order to ensure its sustainable use;

2. Create environmental conditions conducive to human health, employment, income generation and recreation; and

3. Conserve the marine resources and coastal ecosystems for the benefit of the future generations, for the advancement of science, and for the development of tourism and recreation areas.

Short-term Objectives:

1. Establish an integrated coastal management system for BBR’s sustainable development, including the mechanisms for multisectoral participation and integration of environmental concerns into development planning;

2. Mitigate land- and water-based pollution in the BBR through proper mix of policy instruments, such as market-based instruments (MBIs) in combination with command-and-control measures;

3. Improve and maintain the water quality of the Bay and the river tributaries draining to it, within government-prescribed standards;

4. Minimize incompatible and conflicting uses of the bay’s coastal zone through land use planning and zoning and passage of appropriate policies and ordinances;

5. Strengthen LGUs’ and other stakeholders capabilities on integrated solid waste management, water pollution prevention and monitoring, and other aspects of environmental management including information management;

6. Identify sources of long-term financing for specific programs and projects identified for sustainable management of the BBR and the bay; and

7. Harness coastal community organizations for advocacy and management of the Bay’s environment and for alternative sustainable livelihood development.

Area of Coverage: Batangas Bay; coastal: Batangas City, municipalities of San Pascual, Bauan, Mabini, Tingloy, and Lobo; inland: Lipa City and municipalities of San Jose, and Ibaan. Duration: 25 years, 1996-2020

COMPONENTS/PROGRAMS/PROJECTS

A. Development of Legal and Institutional Mechanisms

1. PG-ENRO establishment 2. Batangas Bay Council for ICM formation

B. Strengthening of Integrated Policy and Planning Systems

1. Integrated planning systems for environmental management strengthening:

harmonization and integration of national, regional, and local development plans, integrated land and water use planning

2. Policy support systems for sustainable development strengthening: updating/improvement of land- and water-use zoning ordinances, application of market based instruments with command-and-control measures, improvement of resource-use pricing structures

3. Enforcement and monitoring capabilities strengthening: setting-up of environmental monitoring system, creation of multi-sectoral environmental protection committees

C. Integrated Solid Waste Management

1. Waste disposal sites identification/development 2. Disposal schemes for toxic and hazardous wastes (THW) development 3. Community-based garbage collection system organization 4. User charges for garbage collection and disposal development 5. Waste incinerators establishment 6. Waste segregation and recycling system implementation 7. Waste recycling industry development assistance 8. Garbage collection transfer stations establishment

D. Water Pollution Abatement

1. Oil spill contingency plan implementation 2. Pollution management appraisal (PMA) system implementation 3. Fishing techniques information and education program 4. Sewage treatment plants establishment 5. Private sector investment to support reception facilities 6. Control measures for pollution discharges at point source development

E. Conservation of Special Ecosystems

1. Coral reef protection/rehabilitation 2. Innovative aquaculture techniques development

F. Coastal Tourism Development

G. Alternative Livelihood Development

H. Capacity Building

1. Training/education needs assessment 2. Human Resources Development Program 3. Curriculum development and visual aids preparation 4. Training organization 5. Organization of demonstration, planning, and policy workshops for decision-makers

and resource managers

I. Community Organizing and Community Development J Information, Education and Communication

1. Multi-sectoral IEC system development 2. IEC materials preparation and dissemination 3. Organization of symposia on environmental management 4. Integration of environmental education in school curricula promotion

K. Research and Extension

1. Environmental carrying capacity assessment and model development 2. Sustainable multiple use study of coastal and marine resources and model

development 3. Pollutant flux into the sea investigation and prediction models development 4. Water generation as resource system study 5. Waste movements investigation 6. Socio-economic analysis of present and future developments in the bay 7. Vessel traffic analysis 8. Publications of bulletins and technical papers 9. Institutional linkages establishment

L. Management Information System Establishment M. Development of Sustainable Financing Mechanism

1. Privatization 2. BOT scheme promotion 3. Trust fund mechanism establishment 4. Government and private sector resources mobilization

STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION

Implementation was mostly undertaken by the LGUs, under the supervision,

coordination, and policy directions of the Batangas Bay Region Environmental Protection Council (BBREPC), chaired by the Provincial Governor. The Council was created by virtue of Provincial Ordinance No. 001 series of 1996. The PG-ENRO provides the secretariat support to the Council and conduct day-to-day coordination and implementation of the Plan. Private participation was mostly through NGOs and the Batangas Coastal Resources Management Foundation, composed of major industries in the bay. There are still, however, several components/programs/projects of the Plan which are still to be initiated after almost 10 years of Plan implementation.

Annex 2b

INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE BALAYAN AND ADJACENT BAYS REGION, 2004-2023.

INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE

BALAYAN AND ADJACENT BAYS REGION

2004-2023

Vision: A sustainable and equitable economy where God-loving and empowered citizenry live in a well-planned and protected environment governed by responsible and committed leaders through efficient and effective integrated management systems. Mission: To mobilize, strengthen the capability of, and sustain the partnership among stakeholders for the integrated environmental management of the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Bay Region. Goal: To develop and sustain a high level of environmental quality in the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region while promoting responsible multiple use and access of its resources.

Objectives:

1. To provide alternative and supplemental livelihood opportunities among individuals and coastal communities in the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region, especially among the disadvantaged small municipal fisherfolks and dislocated fishworkers;

2. To protect critical and important coastal/marine habitats and flora and fauna of the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region, use rationally its coastlines, and rehabilitate its degraded lands;

3. To generate data and information for the policy makers of the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region, their project implementors and concerned stakeholders, for them to be able to make “well-informed” decisions and actions in pursuing this ICM Plan; and

4. To establish appropriate institutional mechanisms that will mobilize “environmentally aware” multi-sectoral stakeholders in the implementation of integrated coastal resources management efforts within the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region.

Area of Coverage: Balayan Bay and the adjacent bays of Pagapas, Talin, and Nasugbu; the coastal municipalities of Nasugbu, Lian, Calatagan, Balayan, Calaca, Lemery, Taal, San Luis, and parts of Bauan, Mabini, and Tingloy, that directly surround the said bays; and the municipality of Tuy, that indirectly influence the use and state of the said bays;

Duration: 20 years, 2004-2023

ELEMENTS/PROGRAMS/PROJECTS

A. Livelihood and Enterprise Improvement

1. Alternative and supplemental livelihood assistance 2. Coastal community-based cooperatives development 3. Market development and network building 4. Technical assistance

B. Habitat Restoration and Management

1. Integration of land and water use planning 2. Protected areas establishment 3. Coastline improvement and land rehabilitation 4. Pollution control and waste management

C. Information Base Improvement and Management

1. Land and water use studies 2. Marine studies and monitoring 3. Policy and socio-economic studies 4. Management and geographic information systems establishment

D. Governance and Community Mobilization

1. Establishment of multi-sectoral coastal zone management mechanisms 2. Policy development and enforcement 3. Environmental education and awareness campaign 4. Capacity building 5. Establishment of sustainable financing mechanisms

STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION

The Plan was recently (in 2004) approved and endorsed by the Provincial Development Council. Individually, municipal LGUs have been implementing, in collaboration at times with NGOs and POs, various programs/projects specified by the Plan, i.e. marine law enforcement, conservation financing, waste management, establishment of protected areas, etc., but will require inter-municipal collaboration pending the creation of a bay-wide ICM council.

Annex 3

PROVINCIAL ORDINANCEPROVINCIAL ORDINANCEPROVINCIAL ORDINANCEPROVINCIAL ORDINANCE

AN ORDINANCE STRENGTHENING THE INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS

FOR INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT (ICM) IN BATANGAS AND

AMENDING PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE 96-01

AN ORDINANCE STRENGTHENING THE INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS FOR INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT (ICM) IN BATANGAS

PROVINCE AMENDING PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE 96-01

CHAPTER I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 1. Title. This Ordinance shall be known as the “Institutional Mechanism Strengthening the Integrated Coastal Management in Batangas”. Section 2. Policy. It is the policy of the Province of Batangas to develop and sustainably manage to the fullest the resources of the Bay Regions through an integrated approach and in accordance with sound management concepts and practices consistent with the existing environmental laws, rules and regulations and other relevant legal issuances for the benefit of present and future generations. Section 3. Definition of Terms. For purposes of this Ordinance, the following terms and phrases shall mean:

a. Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region – refers to the bay known as Balayan Bay and the adjacent smaller bays such as Pagapas Bay, Talin Bay, and Nasugbu Bay, and the municipalities that directly surround the bays and influence the use and state of the said bays;

b. Batangas Bay Region – refers to the body of water known as Batangas Bay and

the municipalities and cities that directly surround the bay including the mainland local government units that influence the use and state of the said bay;

c. BEPC – refers to the Batangas Environmental Protection Council, established

and adopted by this Ordinance;

d. Bay – refers to a semi-enclosed body of water shared by various coastal cities/municipalities that surround the said bay;

e. Bay Region – refers to the bays in the Province of Batangas including the

terrestrial cities/municipalities and their watersheds influencing, directly or indirectly, the use and state of the bays;

f. BB-ICM Board – refers to the Batangas Bay Integrated Coastal Management

Board, created by this Ordinance, to replace the Batangas Bay Region Environmental Protection Council created under Provincial Ordinance No. 001 series of 1996 of the Province of Batangas;

g. BAB-ICM Board – refers to the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Integrated Coastal

Management Board, created by this Ordinance;

h. Bantay-Dagat – A community-based law enforcement group organized by LGUs and deputized either by Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) or the Local Chief Executive concerned for the purpose of enforcing fishery laws and ordinances and other related environmental laws, rules and regulations;

i. Bantay-Dagat Network – A network of Bantay-Dagat organizations from the municipalities within a specific fishing grounds such as bays, lake and the like;

j. City/Municipal ICM Council – refers to the City/Municipal Integrated Coastal

Management Council, enjoined to be created by this Ordinance, or otherwise created by the concerned city/municipal LGUs, pursuant to this ordinance;

k. City/Municipal ICM Plan – refers to the integrated coastal management plan

that describes a comprehensive approach to the management of the city/municipality, developed and implemented through the active participation of its stakeholders, and reflecting the visions and aspirations of their citizenry.

l. ICM Plan of Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region – refers to the integrated

coastal management plan document that describes a comprehensive approach to the management of the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Region, developed and implemented through the active participation of its stakeholders, and reflecting the visions and aspirations of the people in the bay region;

m. IFARMC – refers to the Integrated Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

Management Councils of the Province of Batangas created pursuant to RA 8550, otherwise known as the Fisheries Code of 1998;

n. Local Development Councils – refers to the City/Municipal or Provincial

Development Councils of the Province of Batangas created pursuant to RA 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991;

o. LGUs – Local government units referring to the Province of Batangas, and the

cities and municipalities within the jurisdiction of the province;

p. Municipal waters – refers to municipal marine waters including the offshore islands 15 kilometers from the coastline, and as defined by the Local Government Code of 1992 and by the Fisheries Code of 1998;

q. Strategic Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) of Batangas – a

document describing a comprehensive approach to the management of the bay regions in the Province of Batangas, developed through the active participation of its stakeholders, and reflecting the visions and aspirations of its people;

r. Strategic Environmental Management Plan of the Batangas Bay Region

(SEMP-BBR) – a document describing a comprehensive approach to the management of the Batangas Bay Region, developed and implemented through the active participation of its stakeholders, and reflecting the visions and aspirations of its people;

s. Tayabas Bay Region – refers to the body of water known as Tayabas Bay,

shared with the Province of Quezon, and also the municipalities that directly surround the bay, and influence the use and state of the bay;

t. Tayabas Bay Region ICM Plan – refers to the integrated coastal management

plan document that describes a comprehensive approach to the management of the Tayabas Bay Region, to be developed and implemented through the active

participation of its stakeholders, and reflecting the visions and aspirations of people in the bay region;

u. TAB-ICM Board – refers to the Tayabas Bay Integrated Coastal Management

Board, created by this Ordinance.

CHAPTER II

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

Section 4. Batangas Environmental Protection Council (BEPC)

a. Creation and Role. There is hereby created a Batangas Environmental Protection Council (BEPC) in order to administer and implement the provincial policies on ICM. BEPC shall be the lead policy-making, coordinating and planning body for the implementation of the SEMP. It shall likewise ensure inter-bay region coordination, cooperation, and integration, in the pursuit of the goals and objectives of the SEMP.

b. Composition. The BEPC shall be chaired by the Provincial Governor of

Batangas, with the President of the Mayor’s League as Vice-Chair supported by a Technical Experts Group and a Secretariat. The BEPC shall be composed of the following members:

1) Chairperson, Batangas Bay ICM Council 2) Chairperson, Balayan and Adjacent Bays ICM Council 3) Chairperson, Tayabas Bay ICM Council 4) Chairperson, Committee on Environmental Protection, Sangguniang

Panlalawigan ng Batangas 5) PG-Environment and Natural Resources Officer, as head of Secretariat 6) President, Provincial Federation of Liga ng mga Barangay 7) President, Provincial League of Councilors 8) President, Provincial Federation of Sangguniang Kabataan 9) A representative from the Provincial Disaster Coordinating Council 10) A representative from the Integrated FARMCs 11) A representative from the medium/heavy industries and agricultural

estates 12) A representative from the tourism industry 13) A representative from the non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

involved in environmental protection 14) A representative from the peoples’ organizations (POs) involved in

fisheries 15) A representative from academic institutions 16) A representative from the local print and broadcast media 17) A representative from the Bantay-Dagat Networks The representatives from IFARMCs, medium/heavy industries and agricultural estates, tourism industry, NGOs, POs, academic institutions, media and Bantay-Dagat Networks, who shall serve a term of two (2) years shall be appointed by the BEPC Chairperson, upon the nomination of their respective sectors and as recommended by the Chairs of the ICM Boards.

c. Powers and Functions. BEPC shall have the following powers and functions.

1) Review of policies and programs that ensure and promote the sustainable development of the province;

2) Identify inter-agency, cross-sector, and inter-bay region mechanisms, as

appropriate, for sustainable development planning, evaluation and endorsement of development projects, enforcement of and compliance with concerned laws and regulations, scientific research, environmental monitoring and assessment, and information services, within the limitations of applicable provincial ordinances and national laws including the Local Government Code;

3) Encourage appropriate information and education activities to promote

involvement of all sectors of society and maximize public participation in the integrated management of the various bay regions of the province;

4) Adopt the Strategic Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) and related

environmental action plans of the province of Batangas and monitor and evaluate the implementation of the same;

5) Conduct consultations among national agencies, local government units,

non-government organizations and the private sector to ensure that their activities, projects and programs are consistent with the plans, programs and policies adopted by the BEPC;

6) Arrange for, and accept donations, grants, gifts, loans, and other funds

from domestic and foreign sources, in behalf of the Batangas Environmental Trust Fund, for implementing the policies, plans and programs of the BEPC;

7) Recommend to the local legislative councils, local development councils,

or to Congress, whenever appropriate, such matters that may require legislation or policy determination in support of a more efficient and effective environmental management of the province;

8) Adopt appropriate measures to ensure compliance with national and local

laws pertaining to fisheries and coastal resources management, pollution abatement and control, and liability and compensation in the bay regions, and to promote projects that will encourage the prevention, reduction, abatement, and risk management of marine pollution;

9) Promote health, welfare, and proper solid waste management in

coordination with concerned boards such as but not limited to, Provincial Disaster Coordinating Council and the Provincial Solid Waste Management Board;

10) Enter into agreements with national agencies for the delineation of duties

and responsibilities under this Ordinance and existing laws, as may be necessary and appropriate;

11) Settle disputes, through arbitration, among bay regions and among local governments, that may arise in connection with the implementation of the SEMP and related plans, programs, and policies;

12) Create a Technical Experts Group (TEG) and technical committees within

said TEG, as may be necessary, and/or call on any government agency, entity, or instrumentality, including NGOs, POs and the private sector, to advice the BEPC on specific issues and/or concerns and/or assist in the performance of its duties;

13) Delegate its power to the Secretariat or to the TEG/TWG or to any

government agency, entity, or instrumentality, whenever necessary and appropriate, except in the adoption of the SEMP and environmental action plans, governance of the Batangas Environmental Trust Fund, and other policy determining functions which affect the whole province and/or any two of the bay regions;

14) Perform such other powers and functions as may be necessary in

carrying out its mandate, and the provisions of this Ordinance.

d. Technical Secretariat. The PG-ENRO shall act as the Secretariat of the BEPC.

1) Perform administrative and record-keeping functions for the BEPC. It

shall set the agenda, keep the minutes and handle official communications of the BEPC.

2) Liaise between the BEPC and among the bay region boards and the

general public.

3) Provide technical assistance to the BEPC in the performance of their mandates and functions, and in close coordination with their respective TEG members that may cover, but not limited to, the following:

• environmental monitoring and assessment: - establish a monitoring, control and surveillance system; determine degraded habitats and posts red flags in areas needing regeneration and protection; represent the BEPC in the review, evaluation and monitoring of projects covered by the EIA system; and prepare and disseminate periodic reports on the state of the province’s environment.

• research and data base management: collect and periodically update data and information for planning and decision-making; maintain and update the ecological profile and the statistical compendium at convenient time intervals; collaborate with concerned agencies in the conduct of scientific and action researches in support of planning, policy, and decision-making; and reconcile and validate province-wide data holdings with those of the bay-regions, the municipal LGUs, the provincial government offices, national agencies and related institutions.

• information and advocacy: undertake continuing public information, education, and communication to encourage the involvement of all sectors of society and maximize public participation in the integrated planning and management of the province; conduct consultations among national government agencies, bay-region boards, municipal LGUs, private sectors, and NGOs, and other stakeholders; and recommend and lobby before local and national agencies the enactment of measures that may require legislative support for the effective management of the area.

• planning support: support the BEPC and the bay region boards in the formulation of policies, programs and projects; and periodically revise the SEMP upon direction of the BEPC and the bay-wide ICM plans upon direction of the respective bay region boards.

4) Monitor and evaluate the results of the implementation of programs and

projects, in behalf of the BEPC to generate inputs to the next planning and programming cycle.

5) Perform such other powers and functions, as may be necessary in

carrying out its mandate, and the provisions of this Ordinance, and as delegated upon by the BEPC.

e. Meetings and Quorum. The BEPC shall meet every quarter, on the second Wednesday of March, June, September and December. A decision is carried by consensus. A general assembly meeting of the BEPC with bay region ICM boards and local ICM Councils shall be held twice a year for planning and evaluation purposes.

Section 5. Bay Region ICM Boards

a. Creation and Role. There are hereby created three Bay Regions Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) Boards, namely; the Batangas Bay Integrated Coastal Management Board or BB-ICMB, the Balayan and Adjacent Bays Integrated Coastal Management Board or BAB-ICMB, and the Tayabas Bay Integrated Coastal Management Board or TB-ICMB, and each shall consist of a TWG and a Secretariat. Each bay region board shall be the lead policy – making, coordinating and planning body for the implementation of the SEMP, within the bay region. It shall likewise provide inter – city/municipal and multi-sectoral policy direction, coordination and integration within the bay region. b. Composition. The Chair and the Vice-Chair of each bay region ICM board shall be elected by the mayors among themselves on a rotation basis of three years or co-terminus with their official term of office. The members of each board shall be as follows:

1) Mayors of cities and municipalities within the bay region 2) A representative of the congressional district(s) covering the bay region 3) Chairperson of the bay region IFARMC

4) A representative from medium/heavy industries and agricultural estates based in the bay region

5) A representative from the tourism industry based in the bay region 6) A representative from the non-government organizations (NGOs) based in

the bay region involved in environmental protection 7) A representative from the people’s organization (POs) based in the bay

region and involved in fisheries and/or environmental protection 8) A representative from the academic institutions based in the bay region 9) A representative from the local print and broadcast media based in the bay

region 10) A representative from Bantay-Dagat Network 11) PG-Environment and Natural Resources Officer The representatives from medium/heavy industries and agricultural estates, tourism sector, NGOs, POs, academic institutions, media and Bantay-Dagat Network, who shall serve a term of two (2) years, shall be appointed by the Chairman of the ICM Board, upon the nomination of their respective sectors organizations.

c. Powers and Functions. Each bay region board shall be the lead policy- making, coordinating and planning body for the implementation of the SEMP, within the bay region. It shall likewise provide inter-city/municipal and multi-sectoral policy direction, coordination and integration within the bay region. Each bay region board shall have the following powers and functions:

1) Develop policies and programs to ensure and promote the sustainable

development of the province through proper conservation and utilization of natural resources and protection of its ecosystem;

2) Utilize the board as an inter-agency, cross-sector, and inter-bay region

mechanism for sustainable development planning, evaluation and endorsement of development projects, enforcement of and compliance with concerned laws and regulations, scientific research, environmental monitoring and assessment, and information services, within the limitations of applicable provincial ordinances and national laws including the Local Government Code;

3) Encourage appropriate information and education activities to promote

involvement of all sectors of society and maximize public participation in the integrated management of the bay regions;

4) Concur and/or conform to the Strategic Environmental Management Plan

(SEMP) and related environmental action plans for the province of Batangas formulated and adopted by the BEPC, and assist the latter in monitoring and evaluating their implementation;

5) Formulate and adopt a bay region ICM action plan and related environmental

action plans, which are aligned with the SEMP and monitor and evaluate their implementation;

6) Conduct consultations among national agencies, local government units, non-government organizations and the private sector to ensure that the activities, projects and programs are consistent with the plans, programs and policies adopted by the BEP Council;

7) Assist the BEPC in arranging for, and accept donations, grants, gifts, loans,

and other funds from domestic and foreign sources, in behalf of the Batangas Environmental Trust Fund;

8) Recommend to the local legislative councils. local development councils, or

to Congress, whenever appropriate, through the BEPC, such matters that may require national and/or local legislation or policy determination in support of a more efficient and effective environmental management of the province and that of the bay regions;

9) Adopt appropriate measures to ensure compliance with national and local

laws pertaining to fisheries and coastal resources management, pollution abatement and control, and liability and compensation in the bay region, and to promote projects that will encourage the prevention, reduction, abatement, and risk management of marine pollution within the bay region;

10) Assist the BEPC in promoting health, welfare, and proper solid waste

management in coordination with concerned boards such as, but not limited to, Provincial Disaster Coordinating Council and the Provincial Solid Waste Management Board;

11) Settle disputes, through arbitration, among local governments within the bay

region that may arise in connection with the implementation of the SEMP and related plans, programs, and policies; other disputes beyond the authority of the board shall be brought to the BEPC for settlement;

12) Create a Technical Working Group (TWG), and technical committees within

said TWG, as may be necessary, and/or call on any government agency, entity, or instrumentality, including NGOs, POs and the private sector, to advice the bay region board on specific issues and/or concerns and/or assist in the performance of its duties;

13) Delegate its power to the Secretariat or to any government agency, entity, or

instrumentality, whenever necessary and appropriate, except in the adoption of the ICM Plan and related environmental action plans, and other policy determining functions which affect the whole bay regions;

14) Perform such other powers and functions as may be necessary in carrying

out its mandate, and the provisions of this Ordinance.

d. Technical Working Group. Each bay region TWG shall be headed by the provincial government office that is in charge of the dominant sector in the bay region. The TWG shall be composed of representatives both from government agencies and private sectors within the bay region. The bay region TWG shall have the following functions:

1) Help execute the plans and projects of the bay region boards; 2) Assist in monitoring and evaluating the results of the implementation of

programs and projects, in behalf the bay region board to generate inputs to the next planning and programming cycle, and recommend the same to the bay region board;

3) Performs technical support to the bay region boards and to the city/municipal

ICM council that may include, but not limited to the formulation of policies, programs and projects and the periodical revision of the SEMP and/or the ICM plans, upon direction of the BEPC and by the concerned bay region board.

4) Performs such other powers and functions, as may be necessary in carrying

out its mandate, and the provisions of this Ordinance, and as delegated upon by the bay region board.

e. Secretariat. The provincial government office that is in charge of the dominant sector in the bay region shall act as the Secretariat of the bay region board. Specifically, the Secretariat shall have the following functions:

1) Perform administrative and record-keeping functions for the board. It shall set

the agenda, keep the minutes and handle official communications of the board.

2) Liaise between the bay region board and its TWG and the TWG’s smaller

technical committees, and among the bay region boards and the general public.

3) Provide technical assistance to the board in the performance of its mandates and functions, and in close coordination with their respective TWG members. Technical assistance may cover, but are not limited to those stated in Section 8 (e).

4) Monitor and evaluate the results of the implementation of programs and

projects, in behalf of the board to generate inputs for the next planning and programming cycle.

5) Perform such other powers and functions, as may be necessary in carrying

out its mandate, and the provisions of this Ordinance, and as delegated upon by the bay region board.

Section 6. Local integrated Coastal Management Council

a. Creation and Role. Respective ICM Council are hereby created by the coastal City/Municipal LGUs, on a multi-stakeholder body mandated by the concerned LGUs to develop integrated environmental policies, municipal wide action plans, and setting of guidelines for the implementation of the policies and action plans. It shall be responsible in ensuring implementation of ICM initiatives at the city/municipal level, consistent with the SEMP.

b. Composition. The local ICM Council shall be chaired by the respective city/municipal mayor and shall be composed of as many, but within a manageable number, representatives from various stakeholders as possible, including government agencies, and the private sector representatives, i.e. private business, NGOs and POs, Municipal Bantay-Dagat Chairman and the academe.

c. Powers and Functions. The city/municipal ICM Council shall have the

following powers and functions:

1) Develop policies and programs to ensure and promote the sustainable development of its municipality through proper conservation and utilization of natural resources and protection of its ecosystem;

2) Utilize the council as the inter-agency, cross-sector, and inter-

barangay mechanism for sustainable development planning, evaluation and endorsement of development projects, enforcement of and compliance with concerned laws and regulations, scientific research, environmental monitoring and assessment, and information services, within the limitations of applicable city/municipal and provincial ordinances, and national laws including the Local Government Code;

3) Undertake appropriate information and education activities to promote

involvement of all sectors of society and maximize public participation in the integrated management of the municipality and the various bay regions of the province;

4) Concur and/or conform to the Strategic Environmental Management

Plan (SEMP) and related environmental action plans for the province of Batangas formulated and adopted by the BEPC and the ICM Plan and related bay region-wide environmental actions for formulated and adopted by the bay region board, and assist both the BEPC and the bay region board in the monitoring and evaluating their implementation;

5) Formulate, adopt, and implement city/municipal-specific ICM plan and

related environmental action plans, consistent with the SEMP and monitor and evaluate their implementation;

6) Conduct consultations among its constituent-stakeholders to ensure

that their activities, projects and programs are consistent with the ICM plan;

7) Assist the BEPC and the bay region board in arranging for, and

accepting donations, grants, gifts, loans, and other funds from domestic and foreign sources, in behalf of the Batangas Environmental Trust Fund, without precluding the possibility of the local government unit, individually or in conjunction with other municipal LGUs, from establishing its own environmental trust fund;

8) Recommend to the Sangguniang Bayan/Panlalawigan and/or the Local Development Council, whenever appropriate, such matters that may require local or national legislation or policy determination in support of a more efficient and effective environmental management of the city/municipality;

9) Adopt appropriate measures to ensure compliance with national and

local laws pertaining to fisheries and coastal resources management, pollution abatement and control, and liability and compensation in the municipality, and to promote projects, individually or in conjunction with other cities/municipalities, that will encourage the prevention, reduction, abatement, and risk management of marine pollution within the bay region and the municipal waters;

10) Promote health, welfare, and proper solid waste management, in

coordination with concerned councils or boards such as, but not limited to, the City/Municipal Disaster Coordinating Council and the City/Municipal Solid Waste Management Board;

11) Create a Secretariat and technical committees, as may be necessary,

and/or call on any government agency, entity, or instrumentality, including NGOs, POs and the private sector, to advice the ICM Council on specific issues and/or concerns and/or assist in the performance of its duties; provided that the Secretariat shall be appointed by the Mayor from any of the following: City/Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer (C/MENRO), City/Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator (C/MPDC) or the City/Municipal Agricultural Officer;

12) Delegate its power to the Secretariat or to any government agency,

entity, or instrumentality, whenever necessary and appropriate, except in the adoption of its ICM Plan and related environmental action plans, and other policy determining functions which affect the whole city/municipality;

13) Perform such other powers and functions as may be necessary in

carrying out its mandate, and the provisions of this Ordinance.

d. City/Municipal ICM Secretariat. The Local Chief Executive of the City/Municipality concerned shall designate the council secretariat preferably designated City ENRO/Municipal ENRO or the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator. The Secretariat of the city/municipal ICM Council shall have the following powers and functions:

1) Perform administrative and record-keeping functions for the ICM

Council. It shall set the agenda, keep the minutes and handle official communications of the council.

2) Liaise between the ICM Council and the bay region board, other

municipal ICM councils within the bay region, the stakeholders, and

the general public. The head of the Secretariat shall represent the ICM Council in the respective TWG of the bay region board.

3) Monitor and evaluate the results of the implementation of programs

and projects to generate inputs for the next planning and programming cycle.

4) Perform technical support to the local ICM Council which may include,

but not limited to, the formulation of policies, programs and projects and the periodic revision of the ICM plan, upon direction of the ICM Council.

5) Perform such other powers and functions as delegated upon by the

ICM Council. Section 7. Conflict Management. Local government units shall have primary responsibility in the evaluation, approval and monitoring of projects or activities within their respective territorial jurisdiction. Conflicts in resource use among various sectors within the city/municipality shall be discussed, evaluated and decided upon in the City/Municipal ICM Council. All local government units are enjoined to establish local environment and natural resources offices (ENROs) to help implement the SEMP and strengthen the conflict management process at the city/municipal level. Projects involving issues, conflicts and impacts encompassing several municipalities shall be referred to their respective bay region board for discussion, evaluation, and decision; and for endorsement to the BEPC if the board fails to come up with a consensus or make a decision. Projects with multi-bay regional impacts shall be referred by the concerned bay region board to the BEPC for evaluation and decision. Section 8. Integrated Land and Water Use Plan. The BEPC in coordination with the bay region boards shall develop and adopt an Integrated Land Water Use Zonation Plan which shall take into consideration the most appropriate combination of uses of both land and marine resources based on natural potentials and socio-economic development opportunities. The plan shall define limits of the development pattern of the bay regions in order to minimize resource use conflicts. The plan shall be integrated with the Provincial Physical Framework Plan to be consistent with the overall socio-economic development objectives of both provincial and municipal local governments and of the bay regions. Section 9. Relationship with the Taal Volcano Protected Landscape. Efforts shall be made so that the implementation of the SEMP and the policies, plans, and programs developed by the BEPC shall be mutually supportive of the Taal Volcano Protected Landscape. Conversely, the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) of the Taal Volcano Protected Landscape shall likewise be enjoined to ensure mutual cooperation with the BEPC. The PAMB Chair of the Taal Volcano Protected Landscape shall be invited as an ex-officio member of the BEPC.

CHAPTER III

SUSTAINABLE FINANCING

Section 10. Appropriations. Such funds as may be necessary for the administrative support of the BEPC and the bay region boards, the TWGs and technical committees, and the implementation of the functions of the PG-ENRO shall be charged to the current budget of the PG-ENRO. At least ONE MILLION PESOS (P1, 000,000) is hereby appropriated annually for the operations of the BEPC and the bay region boards. Said appropriation shall be included in the annual budget of the province of Batangas as statutory obligation. Concerned departments of the Provincial Government may likewise allocate funds, out of their respective appropriations, through programs or projects, directly or indirectly supporting or complementing the SEMP. All other amounts necessary for the implementation of this Ordinance shall be charged to the Batangas Environmental Trust Fund. Section 11. Sustainable Financing of BEPC Operations and Programs. The BEPC shall establish a Batangas Environmental Trust Fund to finance the effective implementation of the SEMP. The money for the Fund may be sourced through direct allocations of local governments and congressional representatives, donations, grants, international assistance, a share in fees and charges that may be imposed, loans or bond flotation and other sources. The Fund shall be used to implement the operations and programs of the BEPC and the bay region boards, as well as specific action plans. The Fund shall also be used to develop the capabilities of local government units in implementing these programs. The BEPC in conjunction with the bay region boards shall formulate the guidelines for the management of the fund, which could either be an endowment fund or a sinking fund. The BEPC in coordination with the bay region boards shall also develop innovative financing mechanisms to sustain the implementation of the various programs in the SEMP. A financing plan shall be developed which may include, but not limited to, user-pay schemes, build-operate transfer, fines, contributions, or similar schemes. The local government units, through their respective ICM Councils, singly, or in conjunction with other LGUs, may also establish their own environmental trust funds and/or develop innovative financing schemes that will finance and/or sustain the implementation of their respective action plans.

CHAPTER IV

FINAL PROVISIONS

Section 12. Implementing Rules and Regulations. The BEPC and the bay region boards shall promulgate their respective guidelines to implement this Ordinance. Section 13. Repealing Clause. All ordinances, including Ordinance No. 001 S-96, orders, rules and regulations contrary to or inconsistent with this Ordinance are hereby repealed or modified accordingly. Section 14. Separability Clause. If any provision of this Ordinance is declared illegal or unconstitutional, the other provisions of this Ordinance shall remain valid. Section 15. Effectivity. This Ordinance shall take effect upon its approval.

Proposed Three-Tiered Multisectoral Organizational Structure

Provincial Dev’t Council

-------------------------------

Batangas Environmental Protection Council

Chairman: Provincial Governor

Secretatriat: PG-ENRO Technical Working

Group

Batangay Bay ICM Board

Balayan Bay ICM Board

Tayabas Bay ICM Board

Secretariat/Technical

Working Group

Municipal Development Council

------------------------------------

Municipal ICM Council Chairman: Mayor

Secretariat: MENRO/MPDC

Annex 4

POST EVALUATION PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

A. State indicators for ICM program A. State indicators for ICM program A. State indicators for ICM program A. State indicators for ICM program

State Indicators Before

ICM 5 Years

After ICM

10-15 Years After ICM

Physical/environmental

• Coastal extension (km)

• Area under ICM (sq km)

• Levels of key pollutants

• Solid wastes in the beach

Economic

• Average household income

Social indicators

• Public awareness on coastal issues

• Intellectual capital

Political

• Vision & perception of local leaders & stakeholders

• Participation of people/sectors

• Enforcement of ICM related policies and regulations

• Intergovernmental, inter-agencies and cross-sectoral partnerships

B. Process indicators for the ICM program in the BBR

Process Indicators Score*

Preparation for Program Implementation

• Project mechanism established

• Core group formation

• Consensus building among stakeholders

• Capacity-building activities conducted

• Data/information related to specific management issues gathered and used for management

• Management boundary defined

• Public awareness created

• Issue or area specific plan developed

• Initial efforts to institutionalize ICM implementation

• Environmental monitoring program developed

• Information management system established and operational

Development of ICM Program

• Project monitoring, evaluation and reporting protocols developed

• Data utilized for management decisions

*Scoring for process indicators:

0 – not available 1 – initiated 5 – significant progress 10 - completed

C. Response indicators for ICM programs

Response Indicators Score*

Adoption and Implementation

• Interagency, multisectoral coordinating committee established and operational

• Action plan for ICM implemented

• Communication plan implemented

• Integrated environmental monitoring program implemented

• Legislation for ICM amendments of existing regulations adopted and implemented

• Information management system operational

• Law enforcement mechanism strengthened

• Project monitoring, evaluation and reporting protocols implemented

*Scoring for response indicators: 0 – not available 1 – initiated 5 – significant progress 10 - completed

D. Sustainability indicators for ICM programsD. Sustainability indicators for ICM programsD. Sustainability indicators for ICM programsD. Sustainability indicators for ICM programs

Sustainability Indicators Score*

• Perception and behavior changes among stakeholders detected

• Sustainable financing systems in support of ICM

• Integration of ICM into local government development program

• Mechanisms for knowledge generation, sharing and extension established and operational

*Scoring for sustainability indicators: 0 – not available 1 – initiated 5 – significant progress 10 - completed

E. Impact indicators for ICM programs E. Impact indicators for ICM programs E. Impact indicators for ICM programs E. Impact indicators for ICM programs

Impact Indicators Score

Environmental impact indicators

• Visual sign of improvement in environmental quality as shown in coastal water and in the beach

• Protection of marine and coastal environment

Economic impact indicators

• Improved welfare condition

• Employment opportunities increased

Social impact indicators

• Investment in environmental facilities and services increased

• Utilization of coastal and marine resources harmonized

• Public awareness on coastal issues and sustainable development increased

Local governance/political impact indicators

• Vision and perception of local leaders and stakeholders on sustainable development strengthened

• Public participation mechanism strengthened

• Effective enforcement practiced

• Improved efficiency of the administrative process

• Intergovernmental and cross sectoral partnerships and coordination strengthened

*Scoring for impact indicators 0 – not detected/cannot be determined 1 – sign of slight change 5 – sign of moderate change 10 - sign of significant change

Annex 5. Annual budget allocation by action program

Budgetary Requirement (P ’0000 Strategies/Component/ Activity

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2005-2010 2011-2015 2016-2020 Total

Institutional Development and Integrated Planning Systems

4,275 4,290 4,290 4,640 4,215 4,840 26,550 19,700 19,700 65,950

Institutional Development 1,375 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 8,125 6,750 6,750 21,625

Integrated Planning System 700 475 475 825 400 1,025 3,900 625 625 5,150

Capacity Building 2,200 2,465 2,465 2,465 2,465 2,465 14,525 12,325 12,325 39,175

Waste Management 7,400 68,165 66,820 66,820 66,620 66,620 342,445 33,100 33,100 408,645

Solid Waste Management 5,540 65,540 64,825 64,825 64,625 64,625 330,280 23,125 23,125 376,530

Industrial & Agricultural Waste Management

1,560 2,625 1,995 1,995 1,995 1,995 12,165 9,975 9,975 32,115

Habitat Restoration and Management

3,255 7,115 5,285 5,035 5,035 5,035 30,760 20,125 20,125 71,010

Protected Area Management 2,000 4,000 2,700 2,700 2,700 2,700 16,800 13,500 13,500 43,800

Rehabilitation of Degraded Habitat and Ecosystems

630 2,240 1,610 1,610 1,610 1,610 9,310 9,310

Urban Greenbelts and Water Front Reserves

625 875

975 725 725 725 4,650 6,625 6,625 17,900

Water Resources Protection and Management

4,365 4,100 4,100 4,100 4,100 4,100 24,865 20,500 20,500 65,865

Community-based Watershed Reforestation and Urban Re-greening

1,965 1,360 1,360 1,360 1,360 1,360 8,765 6,800 6,800 22,365

Water Use Rationalization through Regulation and Market-based Instruments

1,380 990 990 990 990 990 6,330 4,950 4,950 16,230

ICEC Campaign 1,020 1,750 1,750 1,750 1,750 1,750 9,770 8,750 8,750 27,270

Fisheries Protection and Management

5,770 8,795 8,270 8,270 8,270 8,270 47,645 39,325 39,325 126,295

Marine Law Enforcement 2,950 2,925 2,925 2,925 2,925 2,925 17,575 14,625 14,625 46,825

Research, Policy, and Institutional Support

1,825 1,825 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,300 8,850 6,500 6,500 21,850

Livelihood and Enterprise Development

995 4,045 4,045 4,045 4,045 4,045 21,220 18,200 18,200 57,620

Total 25,065 92,465 88,765 88,865 88,240 88,565 472,265 132,750 132,750 737,765

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during the Research Forum, of the Batangas State University. Batangas City. Castillo, J., et al. 2002. Assessment of the Potability of Drinking Water in Batangas

Province. Paper presented during the Research Forum of the Batangas State University. Batangas City.

DA-BFAR (Department of Agriculture - Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources).

1995. Rapid Resources and Ecological Assessment of Balayan Bay (RREA). BFAR, Manila.

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