PROYECTO

¿Quiénes son nuestros agricultores familiares algodoneros?

Visibilizando para actuar

Sergio SchneiderUFRGS-Brazil

La Agricultura Familiar

en America Latina

Definiciones

FAO concept/definition of FAMILY FARMING:

1. It’s very diificult to define FFs: there were

find out more than 36 definitions: 13 Latin American family farms;

7 refere to Sub-Saharan family farms.

2. The International Steering Committee for IYFF:

Family Farming (which includes all family-based agricultural

activities) is a means of organizing agricultural, forestry,

fisheries, pastoral and aquaculture production which is

managed and operated by a family and predominantly

reliant on family labour, including both women’s and

men’s. The family and the farm are linked, co-evolve and

combine economic, environmental, social and cultural

functions

What is, then, a Family Farmer in Brazil ?

By Law 11.326, 2006

① do not have, in any way, an area bigger than 4 inspection units

– different size per regions in the country;

② use predominantly family labour force in the farmers unit –

also wage labour up to 2 permanent works;

③ have a minimum % of family income originating from the

economic activities of the establishment or venture;

④the farmer unit must be lead by the family and not by external

managers;

This Law also applies to fisherman, forestry, small cattle ranchers, indigenous people,

traditional communities (former slaves/quilombos)

Family Farming in Latin America – REAF, FAO and others

there are four main elements that define a family farmer:

(a) family labor is predominant in the production process and alleconomic activities which are the family livelihood;

(b) the family controls the management of the farmunit/agricultural establishment;

(c) The production outputs and other non agricultural incomesources belong to and are manage by the family; and

(d) access to the means of production (land, etc) is generallycarried out by inheritance.

Tipologias

Diferentes enfoques teóricos para la construcción

de tipologías y sus relaciones

① Definir el objetivo de la tipología;

② Formular una hipótesis sobre la diversidad de sistemas

agrícolas;

③ Seleccionar las variables que caracterizan los sistemas;

④ Diseñar un método de muestreo para la recolección de

datos;

⑤ Agrupar/clasificar los sistemas a través de la

estadística multivariada;

⑥ Comparar los resultados con la hipótesis inicial y

validar la tipología con especialistas locales

Paso-a-paso para hacer un tipologia

Fuente: Álvarez et alii (2014)

Tipologias de la

Agricultura Familiar

Inter-American Committee for Agricultural Development (CIDA, 1966)

1) Sub-family farms - do not have sufficient land to meet the minimum needs

of one family, and they allow for the use the labor of two families during the entire year;

2) Family farms – have enough land to support a family within an adequate

standard of living, involving the labor of two to four family members and by using typical methods of the region;

3) Medium or multi-family estates – possess enough land to employ a

certain number of workers (4 to 12) in addition to the family, but does not warrant a larger organization composed of a manager, administrator or other employees;

4) Large estates (latifundia) - Possess enough land to be able to give

permanent employment to a much larger group of workers than the owner's family (more than 12 workers), having to divide the work and establishing an administrative hierarchy.

World Bank (2008):

1) Market-oriented small farmers - who derive most of their

income from participation in agricultural markets;

2) Subsistence farmers - depend on agriculture for their

livelihood, but use most of the production for household

consumption;

3) Work-oriented families - obtain most of their income from

salary labor in agriculture, non-farm activities and self-

employment in agriculture;

4) Migrating families - choose to leave the rural areas or

depend entirely on monetary transfers from family

members that migrated;

5) Mixed family households - combine agricultural and non-

agricultural incomes and remittances from those who have

migrated.

Mainstream definition of Family Farming in Latina AmericaFAO, BID, etc

Fam

ily F

amer

es Consolidate

Transitional

Subsistence(sometimes also peripheral or marginal)

Desaparecimento é parte da trajetória

Fonte: Zhou, 2010

Tipologias

Alternativas

Tipología de los establecimientos agropecuarios

familiares y no familiares,

según el valor de producción y el tipo de ingresos

Agricultura Familiar en

el Algodón –

propuesta de tipologia

+/>VBP

+/>Prod .Algod

Desativacão

Especializacão/

Concentração

Diversificacão/

Extensificação

-/<Prod .Algod

-/<VBP

EvolucãoTempo

Desativacão

ProduçãoAlgodão

EvolucãoTempo

Especializacão/c

oncentração

ProduçãoAlgodão

EvolucãoTempo

ProduçãoAlgodão

Tipología de los establecimientos agropecuarios que

producen algodón

• Según uso de la fuerza de trabajo familiar o asalariado

• % del valor bruto de la producción del algodón sobre el total

Typology of Family Farmers and Non Family

Farms of cotton production

NON FAMILY FARMS

④ Diversified Non-Family

Enterprises

⑤ Specialized Non-Family

Corporate Units

FAMILY FARMERS

① Family Households

② Diversified Family Establishments

③ Specialized Family Establishments

Algunos Resultados

– el caso Perú

54.27%

28.33%

17.40%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Peru

Tipologia dos agricultores familiares algodoeiros do Perú

Agricultores Familiares Especializados (AFE) VBP > 75%

Agricultores Familiares Diversificados (AFD) VBP > 25% < 75%

Hogares Rurais (HR) VBP < 25%

Tipologia dos agricultores familiares algodoneros de Perú

Tenencia de la tierra de lo agricultores familiares algodoneros do Perú

VARIÁVEIS (HR VBP < 25%

AFD - VBP > 25% < 75%

AFE - VBP > 75%

Tenencia

Própria Sem título 75,50% 66,28% 50,98%

Com

título 4,40% 7,23% 13,73%

Arrendada 12,00% 15,69% 25,49%

Outros 8,10% 10,80% 9,80%

Média da área total (ha) 3,00 3,34 4,15

Média da área total com algodão (ha) 2,34 2,37 2,90

% da área com algodão 78,00% 70,96% 69,88%

VARIÁVEIS HR - VBP < 25%

AFD - VBP > 25% < 75%

AFE VBP > 75%

Rentabilidade

< 0% 22,64% 22,89% 27,45%

> 0% < 30% 13,84% 7,22% 7,80%

> 30% < 100% 35,85% 31,33% 33,33%

> 100% 27,67% 38,56% 31,37%

rentabilidade por tipo agricultor familiar algodonera de Perú

25.79%

33.96%

40.25%

25.81%

33.73%

40.46%64.71%

31.37%

3.92%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

ICA Lambayeque Piura

Regiões do Peru

Tipologia dos agricultores familires algodoeiros do Perú por regiões

Agricultures Familiares Especializados (AFE) VBP > 75%

Agricultores Familiares Diversificados (AFD) VBP > 25% < 75%

Hogares Rurais (HR) VBP < 25%

Tipologia dos agricultores familiares algodoneros do Perú – segund las regiones

VARIÁVEIS

HR - VBP <

25%

AFD - VBP > 25% <

75%

AFE - VBP

> 75%

ICA

Renda mensal média (soles) 1351,32 1939,67 2389,45

Renda Agrícola

Frequência 83,76% 87,57% 97,26%

Média (Soles) 1082,06 1503,83 2298,16

Renda não

Agrícola

Frequência 16,24% 12,43% 2,74%

Média (Soles) 1193,33 1162,22 566,00

Tenencia

Própria Sem título 65,86% 58,33% 42,43%

Com título 2,42% 4,17% 12,12%

Arrendada 24,40% 16,67% 33,33%

Outros 7,32% 20,83% 12,12%

Média da área total (ha) 5,27 5,40 5,06

Média da área total com algodão (ha) 4,05 3,67 3,29

% da área com algodão 76,85% 67,96% 65,02%

LAMBAYEQUE

Renda mensal média (soles) 1112,50 1766,92 1146,67

Renda

Agrícola

Frequência 94,14% 89,28% 97,72%

Média (Soles) 965,66 1526,92 1083,33

Renda

não Agrícola

Frequência 5,86% 10,72% 2,28%

Média (Soles) 1151,25 1040,00 950,00

Tenencia

Própria Sem título 83,33% 57,14% 62,50%

Com título 1,85% 10,71% 18,75%

Arrendada 7,41% 21,43% 12,50%

Outros 7,41% 10,72% 6,25%

Média da área total (ha) 2,22 2,80 2,58

Média da área total com algodão (ha) 1,94 2,38 2,33

% da área com algodão 87,39% 85,00% 90,31%

PIURA

Renda mensal média (soles) 716,59 551,67 650,00

Renda Agrícola

Frequência 76,31% 82,06% 58,62%

Média (Soles) 594,11 456,00 800,00

Renda não

Agrícola

Frequência 23,69% 17,94% 41,38%

Média (Soles) 822,76 710,83 2400,00

Tenencia

Própria Sem título 80,00% 80,65% 100,00%

Com título 8,30% 6,50% 0,00%

Arrendada 8,30% 9,70% 0,00%

Outros 3,40% 3,15% 0,00%

Média da área total (ha) 2,20 2,22 1,75

Média da área total com algodão (ha) 1,59 1,35 1,13

% da área com algodão 72,27% 60,81% 64,57%

Algunos Resultados

– el caso Paraguay

11.15%

38.69%

50.16%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

Paraguay

Distribuição dos agricultores familiares algodoeiros pela VBP do algodão

Agricultures Familiares Especializados (AFE) VBP > 75%

Agricultores Familiares Diversificados (AFD) VBP > 25% < 75%

Hogares Rurais (HR) VBP < 25%

Tipologia dos agricultores familiares algodoneros de Paraguay

VARIÁVEIS (HR) VBP

< 25% (AFD) VBP

> 25% < 75% (AFE) VBP

> 75%

Paraguay

Média da área Total 3,49 5,54 4,32

Média da área total com algodão 1,88 2,13 1,56

% da área com algodão 53,87% 38,45% 36,11%

Produção total 1630,88 2636,01 1863,72

Produtividade por ha 867,49 1237,56 1194,69

Tenencia

Própria 85,29% 72,88% 65,36%

Cotas 2,94% 0,00% 3,27%

Arrendada 11,77% 21,19% 19,61%

Comunal 0,00% 0,85% 0,00%

Por direito 0,00% 2,54% 6,54%

Cedida 0,00% 2,54% 5,22%

Preço Médio (intermediário) Gs 1850,00 2195,88 1974,79

Tenencia y Productividad de la tierra de loagricultores familiares algodoneros de

Paraguay

Título

País Estratos de rentabilidade (HR) VBP

< 25% (AFD) VBP

> 25% < 75% (AFE) VBP

> 75%

Paraguay

< 0% 44,12% 44,07% 44,44%

> 0% < 30% 14,70% 15,25% 16,99%

> 30% < 100% 20,59% 18,64% 23,53%

> 100% 20,59% 22,04% 15,03%

rentabilidade por tipo agricultor familiar algodonera de Paraguay

17.09%

5.49%

100.00%

5.71%

30.00%

44.44%

36.26%

60.00%

32.86%

10.00%

38.47%

58.25%

40.00%

61.43% 60.00%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

Caaguazu Caazapa Concepción Ñeembucu Paraguari San Pedro

Agricultures Familiares Especializados (AFE) VBP > 75%

Agricultores Familiares Diversificados (AFD) VBP > 25% < 75%

Hogares Rurais (HR) VBP < 25%

Tipologia dos agricultores familiares algodoneros de Paraguay – segund regiones

Algunos Resultados

– el caso Bolívia

Título

53.85%

19.23%

26.92%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

Bolívia

Agricultures Empresariais Especializados (AFE) VBP > 75%

Agricultores Empresariais Diversificados (AFD) VBP > 25% < 75%

Hogares Rurais (HR) VBP < 25%

Tipologia dos agricultores familiares algodoneros de Bolívia

Tenencia de la tierra de lo agricultores familiares algodoneros de Bolívia

VARIÁVEIS(HR)VBP<

25%(AED)VBP>25%<75%

(AEE)VBP>75%

Bolívia

ÁreaTotal 475,00 65,00 70,00

Áreacomalgodão 26,74% 56,92% 72,86%

ProduçãototalKg 225500,00 41300,00 76200,00

Produtividadeporha 1775,59 1116,22 1494,12

UsodaTerra

Própria 53,85% 60,00% 42,86%

Cotas 0,00% 0,00% 0,00%

Arrendada 46,15% 0,00% 28,57%

Comunal 0,00% 20,00% 28,57%

Pordireito 0,00% 0,00% 0,00%

Cedida 0,00% 20,00% 0,00%

PreçoMédio(intermediário)Bs/Quital 518,52 530,70 527,80

rentabilidade por tipo agricultor familiar algodonera de Bolívia

VARIÁVEIS (HR)VBP<25%(AED)VBP>25%<

75% (AEE)VBP>75%

Bolívia

<0% 50,00% 0,00% 0,00%

>0%<30% 40,00% 50,00% 33,33%

>30%<100% 10,00% 50,00% 66,67%

>100% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00%

Tipologia dos agricultores familiares algodoneros de Bolívia – segund las regiones

77.78%

46.16%

25.00%

11.11%

15.38%50.00%

11.11%

38.46%

25.00%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

Andres Ibañe Chiquititos Cordillera

Regiões

Agricultures Empresariais Especializados (AFE) VBP > 75%

Agricultores Empresariais Diversificados (AFD) VBP > 25% < 75%

Hogares Rurais (HR) VBP < 25%

¡Muchas gracias!

PROYECTO

Título