Quick Notes Public Officer

8/20/2019 Quick Notes Public Officer

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ContentsMeaning of Public Oce..............................................................................3Public oce as a public trust......................................................................3Public Oce not public property................................................................3Creation, modication, abolition................................................................3Ministerial; discretionary.............................................................................4

Prescription of qualications......................................................................4Impeachment.................................................................................................4Previous tenure as disqualication............................................................5Prohibition on consecutive terms...............................................................5Civil iberties !nion v" #$ecutive %ecretary.............................................5%ec" &', (rt" )II #$ceptions, as provided in the constitution itself .......6*epotism........................................................................................................ 6Political ame +ucs.....................................................................................7+isqualications under the -C; Omnibus #lection Code.......................8*e.ly created oce; emoluments increased by Congress....................9Completeness of appointment....................................................................9Conrmation or attestation by C%C...........................................................9(pproval by C%C of appointments in the Civil %ervice..........................10

-rounds for recall of appointment by C%C..............................................10Midnight appointments..............................................................................10(ppointments during /01day period before an election 2'3 daysspecial election4..........................................................................................11(ppointments requiring 56C *omination.................................................11*o reappointment, appoitnment in temporary, acting capacity.........12Compulsory acceptance of public oce..................................................12(ppointments made by the President.....................................................12(ppointments requiring C( conrmation 2rst group4.........................12(ppointments by other ocials................................................................13(d intermin appointments.........................................................................13+esignation..................................................................................................13%cope of Civil %ervice.................................................................................14

(ppointments in the Civil %ervice............................................................14Condential employees..............................................................................14evels of positions in the Career %ervice................................................14Career, non1career v" %ec"7"7, (rt" I86....................................................15%ecurity of 9enure in the Career #$ecutive %ervice...............................15+e :acto Ocer........................................................................................... 15egal eects of the acts of a de facto ocer.........................................16%cope of duties of public ocers.............................................................16*ature of 9emporary (ppointments.........................................................16:inancial +isclosure....................................................................................17%alary %tandardi<ation...............................................................................17%alary of #$ Ocio ocer..........................................................................18%alary of a de facto ocer........................................................................18

Increase=decrease in salary.......................................................................18(dditional, double, indirect compensation.............................................19Parliamentary immunity.............................................................................19+etail.............................................................................................................19*e$t1in1ran rule.........................................................................................20(utomatic reversion...................................................................................20Prohibition against grant of loan.............................................................21Corrupt practices........................................................................................21%olicitation=acceptance of gifts................................................................23+ivestment...................................................................................................23

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Con>ict of Interest......................................................................................23Civil iability of Public Ocers.................................................................23Criminal iability of ?eads of Oces.......................................................24(ppeals in Civil %ervice (dmin Cases......................................................24*egligence of %ubordinates......................................................................24:orgiveness and Condonation...................................................................24

#ect of Pardon...........................................................................................24?old1over......................................................................................................259ender of resignation.................................................................................259ender of resignation of local elective ocials......................................25eave of absence of local elective ocials.............................................26-rounds for +isciplinary (ction 2Civil %ervice not e$haustive; forcomparison only4.........................................................................................26@here to le admin complaints against local elective ocials...........27Preventive %uspension...............................................................................28%ummary of Aualications.........................................................................29Multiple Oces............................................................................................36Practice of Profession.................................................................................37:inancial Interest........................................................................................40

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Meaning of Public Oce

A pubic ofce is the right, authority and duty created and

conerred by !a", by "hich or a gi#en period, either $%ed by !a"or enduring at the p!easure o the appointing po"er, an indi#idua!is in#ested "ith so&e portion o the so#ereign unctions o go#ern&ent, to be e%ercised by hi& or the bene$t o the pub!ic

Public oce as a public trust

'ub!ic ofce is a pub!ic trust. 'ub!ic ofcers and e&p!oyees &ustat a!! ti&es be accountab!e to the peop!e, ser#e the& "ith ut&ostresponsibi!ity, integrity, !oya!ty, and efciency, act "ith patriotis&and (ustice, and !ead &odest !i#es. )*+. 1, A-. /, */

+#ery pub!ic ser#ant &ust upho!d pub!ic interest o#er his or herpersona! interest. )*+. 2, -A 6713

Public Oce not public property

1. he constitutiona! princip!e o a pub!ic ofce as a pub!ic trustprec!udes any proprietary c!ai& to pub!ic ofce.

2. o!der is sub(ect to re&o#a! or suspension according to !a".A!so, the ho!der acuires no #ested right in the ofce.

3. ut the ho!der has a right in the nature o pri#i!ege entit!ed toprotection.

Creation, modication, abolition

1. /t is essentia!!y !egis!ati#e, sub(ect on!y to the pro#isions o theonstitution.

2.nder the Ad&inistrati#e ode, the 'resident, sub(ect to thepo!icy o the +%ecuti#e fce and in order to achie#e si&p!icity,econo&y and efciency, sha!! ha#e the continuing authority toreorganie the ad&inistrati#e structure o the fce o the'resident.

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Ministerial; discretionary

MI*I%9#BI( +I%CB#9IO*(B

peror&ed by a person in a gi#enstate o acts in a prescribed &annerin obedience to the &andate o !ega!authority, "ithout regard to or thee%ercise o (udg&ent as to thepropriety o the act being done.

&ay be peror&ed or a uestion &aybe decided in one o t"o or &ore"ays, either o "hich "ou!d sti!! be!a"u! or right and "here it is !et tothe "i!! or (udg&ent o the peror&erto deter&ine in "hich "ay it "i!! beperor&ed.

Prescription of qualications

1. /n the absence o constitutiona! inhibition, ongress has thep!enary right to prescribe ua!i$cations.

2. he ua!i$cations &ust not be too detai!ed as to practica!!ya&ount to &ain an appoint&ent, "hich is an e%ecuti#eunction and not !egis!ati#e

3. As a ru!e, onstitutiona! criteria are e%c!usi#e. here are certainofces, ho"e#er, "here the onstitution a!!o"s ongress toadd:subtract ua!i$cations.a. er&s o ofce and other ua!i$cations and disua!i$cations

o the &e&bers o the - sha!! be pro#ided by !a" )*+.17;2<, A-. ///, */

b. =e&bers o the entra! an sha!! a!so be sub(ect to suchother ua!i$cations and disabi!ities as &ay be prescribed by!a". )*+. 20, A-. //, */

4. 'roperty ua!i$cations are inconsistent "ith the essence andnature o the repub!ican syste& ordained in our onstitutionand the princip!es o socia! (ustice under!ying the sa&e.

5. o re!igious test sha!! be reuired or the e%ercise o ci#i! or

po!itica! rights. )*+. 5, A-. ///, */

Impeachment

he o!!o"ing are the on!y i&peachab!e ofcers>1. 'resident

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2. ?ice@'resident3. =e&bers o the onstitutiona! o&&issions4. the &buds&an

rounds or i&peach&ent>

1. cu!pab!e #io!ation o the onstitution2. treason, bribery and corruption3. other high cri&es4. betraya! o pub!ic trust

Previous tenure as disqualication

1. he 'resident is not e!gib!e or any re@e!ection2. A person "ho has succeeded as 'resident is disua!i$ed on!y i

he has ser#ed as such or &ore than 4 years

3. hair&en and the *, =+B+, A, and the &buds&anand his Ceputies arre appointed by the 'resident D"ithoutreappoint&ent.E

4. he &buds&an and his Ceputies sha!! not be ua!i$ed to runor any ofce in the e!ection i&&ediate!y succeeding theircesstion ro& ofce.

Prohibition on consecutive terms

1. ?' sha!! not ser#e or &ore than 2 successi#e ter&s2. A *enator sha!! not ser#e or &ore than 2 successi#e ter&s3. A &e&ber o the - sha!! not ser#e or &ore than 3

consecuti#e ter&s4. Boca! e!ecti#e ofcia!s, e%cept barangay ofcia!s, sha!! ser#e or

&ore than 3 consecuti#e ter&s

Civil iberties !nion v" #$ecutive %ecretary

*+. 7, A-. /@, */ genera!!y prohibits appointi#e pub!icofcia!s ro& ho!ding &u!tip!e ofces or e&p!oy&ent in thego#ern&ent un!ess they are other"ise a!!o"ed by !a" or thepri&ary unctions o their position.

his pro#ision does not co#er the 'resident, ?ice@'resident, and=e&bers o the abinet, their deputies and assistants. hey are

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sub(ect to a stricter prohibition under *+. 13, A-. ?//, */. oapp!y the e%ceptions in *+. 7, A-. /@, */ to *+ 13, A-.?//, */ "ou!d ob!iterate the distinction set by the ra&ers o the onstitution.

o"e#er, pub!ic ofcia!s ho!ding positions "ithout additiona!co&pensation in e%@ofcio capacities as pro#ided by !a" and asreuired by their ofceFs pri&ary unctions are not co#ered by theprohibition under *+ 13, A-. ?//, */.

%ec" &', (rt" )II #$ceptions, as provided in theconstitution itself

1. ?ice@'resident &ay be appointed as &e&ber o the abinet"ithout need o the con$r&ation by the A )*+. 3, A-. ?///,*/

2. +CA sha!! be headed by the 'resident )*+. 9, A-. //,*/

3. *ec. o Gustice a &e&ber o the G

*epotism

Appoint&ent in a#or o a re!ati#e o>1. the appointing or reco&&ending authority2. chie o the bureau or ofce3. persons e%ercising i&&ediate super#ision o#er hi&

-e!ati#es are those re!ated "ithin the the third degree o consanguinity or o afnity.

he o!!o"ing are e%e&pted>

1. persons e&p!oyed in a con$dentia! capacity2. teachers3. physicians4. &e&bers o the Ar&ed Horces

/n each particu!ar instance, u!! report o such appoint&ent sha!!be &ade to the o&ission.

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A!so e%e&pted is the case o a &e&ber o any a&i!y "ho, aterhis appoint&ent to any position in an ofce or bureau contracts&arriage "ith so&eone in the sa&e bureau. o"e#er, a spouse

"ho happens to be an appointing authority cannot e%tend apro&otiona! appoint&ent to the other spouse.

he spouse and re!ati#es by consanguinity or afnity "ithin the 4th

ci#i! degree o the 'resident sha!! not, during his tenure, beappointed as>

1. &e&bers o the onstitutiona! o&&issions2. &e&bers o the fce o the &buds&an3. *ecretaries, ndersecretaries, chair&en or heads o bureaus

o ofces, inc!uding s and their subsdiaries.

Political ame +ucs

o candidate "ho has !ost in any e!ection sha!!, "ithin 1 year atersuch e!ection, be appointed to any ofce in the o#ern&ent orany or in any o their subsidiaries. )*+. 6, A-. /@,*/

+%cept or !osing candidates in the barangay e!ections, no

candidate "ho !ost in any e!ection sha!!, "ithin 1 year ater suche!ection, be appointed to any ofce in the o#ern&ent or any or in any o their subsidiaries. )*+. 94, B

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+isqualications under the -C; Omnibus #lection Code&

-C OM*I6!% ##C9IO* CO+#

sentenced by $na! (udg&ent or anoIense in#o!#ing &ora! turpitude oror an oIense punishab!e by 1 yearor &ore o i&prison&ent, "ithin 2years ater ser#ice o sentence

sentenced by $na! (udg&ent orinsurrection, rebe!!ion or any oIenseor "hich he has been sentenced to apena!ty o &ore than 18 &onths oror a cri&e in#o!#ing &ora!turpitude.2

insane or eeb!e@&inded dec!ared by co&petent authority asinsane or inco&epetent3

con#icted by $na! (udg&ent or#io!ating the oath o a!!egiance to the-epub!ic

re&o#ed ro& ofce as a resu!t o anad&inistrati#e case

dua! citienship

ugiti#e ro& (ustice in cri&ina! ornon@po!itica! cases here or abroad

per&anent residents in a oreigncountry or those "ho ha#e acuiredthe right to reside abroad andcontinue to a#ai! o the sa&e rightater the eIecti#ity o the B

1 he pre@tria! in a ci#i! case is preceded by a &otion e% parte $!ed bythe p!aintiI to set the case or pre@tria!. *uch &otion is not reuired ro& the

prosecution in a cri&ina! case

2 dee&ed re&o#ed ater the e%pirattion o a period o 5 years ro&ser#ice o sentence, un!ess "ithin the sa&e period he beco&es disua!i$edagain. A!so "hen he has been gi#en p!enary pardon or granted a&nesty.

3 sha!! be dee&ed re&o#ed upon the dec!aration by co&petentauthority that said insanity or inco&petence had been re&o#ed.

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Jhene#er the e#idence o gui!t is strong, the o!!o"ing aredisua!i$ed to run in a specia! e!ection ca!!ed to $!! the #acancy inan e!ecti#e ofce>

1. e!ecti#e ofcia! "ho resigned ro& his ofce by accepting anappointi#e ofce or or "hate#er reason "hich he pre#ious!yoccupied but has caused to beco&e #acant due to hisresignation

2. person "ho, direct!y or indirect!y, coerces, bribes, %%%,inti&idates to any person asipiring to beco&e a candidate orthat o the i&&ediate &e&ber o his a&i!y, his honor orproperty that is &eant to e!i&inate a potentia! candidate.

*e.ly created oce; emoluments increased by Congress

he onstitution prohibits the appoint&ent o a *enator or a=e&ber o the ouse o -epresentati#e to any ofce "hich &ayha#e been created or the e&o!u&ents thereo increased duringthe ter& or "hich he "as e!ectedK )*+. 13, A-. ?/

Completeness of appointment

Jhere the po"er o appoint&ent is abso!ute, and the appointeehas been deter&ined upon, no urther consent or appro#a! isnecessary.

Jhere the assent or con$r&ation o so&e other body is reuired,the appoint&ent &ay be co&p!ete on!y "hen such assent orcon$r&ation is obtained.

/n either case, the appoint&ent beco&es co&p!ete "hen the !ast

act reuired by the appointing po"er is peror&ed.

Conrmation or attestation by C%C

Appoint&ents to the i#i! *er#ice &ust be sub&itted to the i#i!*er#ice o&&ission or appro#a!.

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ut the con$r&ation or attestation o the appoint&ent by the i#!*er#ice o&&ission does not co&p!ete the appoint&ent sincesuch attestation, a!though an essentia! part o the appoint&entprocees& ser#es &ere!y to assure the e!igibi!ity o the appointee.

(pproval by C%C of appointments in the Civil %ervice

An appoint&ent issued in accordance "ith pertinent !a"s andru!es sha!! tae eIect i&&ediate!y upon its issuance by theappointing authority, and i the appointee has assu&ed the dutieso the position, he sha!! be entiti!ed to recei#e his sa!ary at once"ithout a"aiting the appro#a! his appoint&ent by theo&&ission. he appoint&ent sha!! re&ain eIecti#e unti!disappro#ed by the o&&ission.

-rounds for recall of appointment by C%C

1. on@co&p!iance "ith the procedures:criteria pro#ided in theagencyFs =erit 'ro&otion '!an

2. Hai!ure to pass thru the agencyFs *e!ection:'ro&otion oard3. ?io!ation o e%isting co!!ecti#e agree&ent bet"een

&anage&ent and e&p!oyees re!ati#e to pro&otion4. ?io!ation o other e%isting ci#i! ser#ice !a"s, ru!es and

regu!ations.

Midnight appointments

"o &onths i&&ediate!y beore the ne%t presidentia! e!ections upto the end o his ter&, a 'resident o Acting 'resident sha!! not&ae appoint&ents, e%cept te&porary appoint&ents to e%ecuti#epositions "hen continued #acancies "i!! pre(udice pub!ic ser#iceor endanger pub!ic saety. )*+. 15, A-. ?//

'rohibition app!ies on!y to the 'resident or Acting 'resident, not toother appointing ofcers. )Ce -a&a #.ourt o Appea!s

'rohibition does not app!y to appoint&ents in the Gudiciary. )Ceastro #. G

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(ppointments during /01day period before an election 2'3days special election4

/t sha!! be an e!ection oIense i co&&itted by>1. any head, ofcia! or appointing ofcer "ho appoints or hiresany e&p!oyee, "hether pro#isiona!, te&porary or casua! orcreates any ne" position, e%cept upon prior authority o th=+B+. *uch appoint&ent sha!! be nu!! and #oid.

2. any go#ern&ent ofcia! "ho pro&otes, or gi#es any increaseo sa!ary or re&uneration or pri#i!ege to any go#ern&entofcia! or e&p!oyee.

o&&ission sha!! not grant authority un!ess>

1. it is essentia! to the proper unctioning o the ofce oragency concernedK and

2. that the position sha!! not be $!!ed in any &anner that &ayinLuence the e!ection.

(ppointments requiring 56C *omination

1. he &e&bers o the *upre&e ourt and (udges o !o"er courtssha!! be appointed by the 'resident ro& a !ist o at !east 3

no&inees prepared by the G or e#ery #acancy. Hor the !o"ercourts, the 'resident sha!! issue the appoint&ents "ithin 90days ro& the sub&ission o the !ist.

2. he &buds&an and his Ceputies sha!! be appointed by the'resident ro& a !ist o at !east 6 no&inees prepared by the

G, and ro& a !ist o 3 no&inees or e#ery #acancy thereater.A!! #acancies sha!! be $!!ed "ithin 3 &onths ater they occur.

*uch appoint&ents sha!! reuire no A con$r&ation.

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*o reappointment, appoitnment in temporary, actingcapacity

1. *2. =+B+3. A

Compulsory acceptance of public oce

1. he o#ern&ent &ay ca!! upon the peop!e to deend the *tateand, in the u!$!!&ent thereo, a!! citiens &ay be reuired,under conditions pro#ided by !a", to render persona! &i!itary orci#i! ser#ice. )*+. 4, A-. //, */

2. /t is a e!ony or a person "ho, ha#ing been e!ected by popu!are!ection to a pub!ic ofce, sha!! reuse "ithout !ega! &oti#e tobe s"orn in or discharge the duties o said ofce. )A-. 334,-'

(ppointments made by the President

1. eads o +%ecuti#e Cepart&ents, A&bassadors, other &inistersand consu!s, ofcers o the Ar&ed Horces ro& co!one! or na#a!

captain, and other ofcers "hose appoint&ents are #ested inhi& in the onstitution.

2. A!! other ofcers o the go#ern&ent "hose appoint&ents arenot other"ise pro#ided by !a"

3. hose "ho&t the 'resident &ay be authoried by !a" toappoint

4. fcers !o"er in ran "hose appoint&ents &ay by !a" #est inthe 'resident a!one

(ppointments requiring C( conrmation 2rst group4

1. eads o +%ecuti#e Cepart&ents2. A&bassadors, other &inisters and consu!s,3. fcers o the Ar&ed Horces ro& co!one! or na#a! captain,4. ther ofcers "hose appoint&ents are #ested in hi& in the

onstitution.

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he &e&bers o the *upre&e ourt and (udges o !o"er courts,the &buds&an and his Ceputies and rge ?ice@'resident, "henappointed as &e&ber o the cabinet reuire no A con$r&ation.

(ppointments by other ocials

ongress &ay, by !a", #est in courts, heads o depart&ents,agencies, co&&issions or boards, the po"er to appoint ofcers!o"er in ran in their respecti#e ofces. )*+. 16, A-. ?//,*/

(d intermin appointments

he 'resident sha!! ha#e the po"er to &ae appoitn&ents duringthe recess o the ongress, "hether #o!untary or co&pu!sory, butsuch appoint&ents sha!! be eIecti#e on!y unti! disappro#ed by theo&&isison on Appoint&ents or unti! the ne%t ad(ourn&ent o ongress )*+. 16, A-. ?//, */

An ad interi& appoint&ent is per&anent and nature and not a&ere te&porary or acting appoint&ent. /t taes eIect

i&&ediate!y and cannot be "ithdra"n by the 'resident once theappointee has ua!i$ed into ofce. )=atibag #. enipayo

he AFs ai!ure to con$r& an ad interi& appoint&ent is not adisppro#a! o the sa&e. An ad interi& appointee disappro#ed bythe A cannot be reappointed, but a by@passed appointee, or one"hose appoint&ent has not been acted upon by the A, &ay beappointed again the 'resident.

+esignation

Cesignation is the &ere i&position o ne" or additiona! dutiesupon an ofcer to be peror&ed by hi& in a specia! &anner.

/t presupposes that the ofcer is a!ready in the ser#ice by #irtueo an ear!ier appoint&ent, peror&ing other unctions.

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Cesignation is consdered on!y an acting or te&poraryappoint&ent "hich does not coner security o tenure on theperson na&ed.

/t a!so does not entai! pay&ent o additiona! bene$ts or grantupon the person so designated the right to c!ai& the sa!aryattached to the position.

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%cope of Civil %ervice

he i#i! *er#ice e&braces a!! branches, subdi#isions,

instru&enta!ities, and agencies o the o#ern&ent, inc!udings "ith origina! charters. )*+. 2;1<, A-. /?@, */

(ppointments in the Civil %ervice

Appoint&ents inthe i#i! *er#ice sha!! be &ade on!y according to&erit and $tness to be deter&ined, as ar as practicab!e, ande%cept to positions "hich are po!icy@deter&ining, pri&ari!ycon$dentia!, or high!y technica!, by co&petiti#e e%a&ination.)*+. 2;2<, A-. /@, */

Condential employees

Cenotes not on!y con$dence in the aptitude o the appointee orthe duties o the ofce but pri&ari!y c!ose inti&acy "hich insuresreedo& o intercourse "ithout e&barrass&ent or reedo& ro&&isgi#ings or betraya!s in con$dentia! &atters o the state.

/t is the nature o the position "hich deter&ines "hether a

position is con$dentia!.

hose that continue to ho!d pri&ari!y con$dentia! positionscontinue or so !ong as con$dence in the& endures. heirter&ination can be (usti$ed on the ground o !oss o con$dencebecause in that case, their cessation ro& ofce in#o!#es nore&o#a! but the e%piration o their ter& o ofce.

evels of positions in the Career %ervice

1. Hirst !e#e! inc!udes c!erica!, trades, crats, and custodia! ser#icepositions "hich in#o!#e non@proessiona! or suproessiona! "orin a non@super#isory or super#isory capacity reuiring !ess than4 years o co!!ege "or

2. *econd !e#e! inc!udes proessiona!, technica!, and scienti$cpositions "hich in#o!#e proessiona!, technica!, or scienti$c

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"or in a non@super#isory or super#isory capacity reuiring at!east 4 years o co!!ege "or up to Ci#ision !e#e!.

3. hird !e#e! co#ers positions in the areer +%ecuti#e *er#ice.Career, non1career v" %ec"7"7, (rt" I86

C(B##B=*O*1C(B##B PBIM(BI CO*:I+#*9I(; POIC

+#9#BMI*I*-; ?I-? 9#C?*IC(

c!assi$cation is or the purpose o

tenure entrance based on &erit and

$tness to be deter&ined as far aspracticable by co&petiti#ee%a&inations or based on high!ytechnica! ua!i$cations

pportunity or ad#ance&ent

!assi$cation is or purposes o deter&ining the &anner o testing&erit and $tness )co&petiti#ee%a&inations or not

%ecurity of 9enure in the Career #$ecutive %ervice

*ecurity o tenure in the areer +%ecuti#e *er#ice is acuired "ithrespect to ran, and not to the ofce or position. he guaranty o security o tenure to &e&bers o the career e%ecuti#e ser#icedoes not e%tend to the particu!ar positions to "hich they &ay beappointed but to the ran to "hich they are appointed by the'resident.

hus, a career e%ecti#e ofcer &ay be transerred or reassignedro& one position to another "ithout !osing his ran "hich o!!o"shi& "here#er he is transerred or reassigned.

/n act, a +* suIers no di&inution o sa!ary e#en i assigned toa +* position "ith !o"er sa!ary grade as co&pensation is

according to +* ran and not on the basis o the position orofce occupied. )/gnacio #. i#i! *er#ice o&&ission

+e :acto Ocer

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A person is a de acto ofcer "here the duties o his ofce aree%ercised>1. "ithout a no"n appoint&ent or e!ection, but under such

circu&stances o reputation or acuiescence as "ere

ca!cu!ated to induce the peop!e, "ithout inuiry, to sub&it to orin#oe his acction supposing hi& to be the ofcer he assu&edto beK

2. under co!or o a no"n and #a!id appoint&ent or e!ection but"here the ofcer has ai!ed to conor& to so&e precedentreuire&ent or condition, such as to tae an oath, gi#e a bond,or the !ieK

3. under co!or o a no"n e!ection or appoint&ent, #oid becausethe ofcer "as not e!igib!e, or because there "as "ant o po"erin the e!ecting or appointing body, or by reason o so&e deect

or irregu!arity in its e%ercise, such inie!igibi!ity, "ant o po"eror deect being unno"n to the pub!icK or

4. under co!or o an e!ection or an appoint&ent by or pursuant toa pub!ic, unconstitutiona! !a", beore the sa&e is ad(udged tosuch.

egal eects of the acts of a de facto ocer

he acts o a de acto ofcer as ar as he hi&se! is concerned are

#oid. ence, a de acto ofcer cannot (ustiy his acts as binding or#a!id in any suit to "hich he is a party.

he acts o a de acto ofcer, ho"e#er, are #a!id as to thirdpersons and the pub!ic unti! his tit!es to ofce is ad(udgedinsufcient.

%cope of duties of public ocers

he duties o a pub!ic ofce inc!udes a!! those "hich are tru!y"ithin its scopeMthose "hich are essentia! to the acco&p!ish&ento the &ain purpose or "hich the ofce "as created, or "hich,a!though incidenta! or co!!atera!, are ger&ane to and ser#e topro&ote the acco&p!ish&ent o the principa! purpose. )Bo ha&#. ca&po

17



*ature of 9emporary (ppointments

/t is essentia!!y te&porary and re#ocab!e in character and theho!der o such appoint&ent &ay be re&o#ed any ti&e e#en

"ithout hearing or cause. An acting appointe cannot c!ai&security o tenure.

Jhere the te&porary appoint&ent, ho"e#er, is or a de$niteperiod, the appointing ofcer does not ha#e b!anet authority tore&o#e the appointee ar any ti&e "ithout cause. )A&bas #.uenaseda

ote shou!d a!so be gi#en that under the onstitution, Dte&porarye&p!oyees in te o#ern&ent sha!! be gi#en such protection as

&ay be pro#ided by !a".E )*+. 2;6<, A-. /@

:inancial +isclosure

A!! =e&bers o the *enate and the ouse o -epresentati#essha!!, upon assu&ption o ofce, &ae a u!! disc!osure o their$nancia! and business interest. hey sha!! notiy the ouseconcerned o a potentia! conLict o interest that &ay arise ro&the $!ing o a proposed !egis!ation o "hich they are the authors.

)*+. 12, A-. ?/, */

A pub!ic ofcer or e&p!oyee sha!!, upon assu&ption o ofce andas &ay be reuired by !a", sub&it a dec!aration under oath o hisassets, !iabi!ities and net "orth. /n the case o the 'resident, ?ice@'resident, the *upre&e ourt, the onstitutiona! o&&issionsand other constitutiona! ofces, and ofcers o the ar&ed orces"ith genera! or Lag ran, the dec!aration sha!! be disc!osed to thepub!ic in the &anner pro#ided by !a". )*+. 17, A-./

nder -A 6713, pub!ic ofcia!s and e&p!oyees, e%cept "ho ser#ein an honorary capacity, !aborers and casua! or te&porary"orers, sha!! $!e under oath their>

1. *tate&ents o Assets, Biabi!ities and et JorthK and2. Cisc!osure o their spouses and un&arried chi!dren under 18

!i#ing in their househo!ds.

18



%alary %tandardi<ation

he ongress sha!! pro#ide or the standardiation o

co&pensation o go#ern&ent ofcia!s, inc!uding those in s"ith origina! charters, taing into account the nature o theresponsibi!ities pertaining to, and the ua!i$cations reuired ortheir positions. )*+. 5, A-. /@, */

nder *+. 2, -A 6758, diIerences in pay in the i#i! *er#ice sha!!be based upon substanti#e diIerences in duties andresponsibi!ities, and ua!i$cation reuire&ents o the positions.

/t is the ofcia!Fs grade that deter&ines his or her sa!ary.

%alary of #$ Ocio ocer

An e% ofcio position is in !ega! conte&p!ation part o the origina!ofce. /t o!!o"s that the ofcia! concerned has no right to recei#eadditiona! co&pensation or his ser#ices in that position. hereason is that these ser#ices are a!ready paid or and co#ered bythe co&pensation attached to the origina! ofce.

%alary of a de facto ocer

A de acto ofcer, not ha#ing good tit!e, taes the sa!aries at hisris and &ust, thereore, account to the de (ure ofcer or"hate#er a&ount o sa!ary he recei#ed during the period o his"rongu! retention o pub!ic ofce. )=onroy #. ourt o Appea!s

A candidate, ho"e#er, "ho has been proc!ai&ed and hadassu&ed ofce, but is !ater ousted as a resu!t o an e!ectionprotest, is a de acto ofcer during the ter& he he!d the ofce, but

is entit!ed to the co&pensation, e&o!u&ents and a!!o"ances"hich are pro#ided or the position by the onstitution. )-odrigue#. an

Increase=decrease in salary

he onstitution prohibits ongress ro& decreasing the sa!ary o>

19



1. the 'resident and ?ice@'resident,2. the hie Gustice and the Associate Gustices o the *upre&e

ourt,3. Gudges o the !o"er courts,

4. the hair&en and &e&bers o the onstitutiona!o&&issions, and5. the &buds&an and his Ceputies.

ongress &ay increase the *a!aries and =e&bers o the ouse o -epresentati#es but such increase sha!! not tae eIect unti! aterthe e%piration o the u!! ter& o the &e&bers o the *enate andthe ouse o -epresentati#es.

A!so, "ith respect to the 'resident and the ?ice@'resident, no

increase in their co&pensation sha!! tae eIect unti! thee%piration o the ter& o the incu&bern during "hich saidincrease "as appro#ed.

(dditional, double, indirect compensation

o e!ecti#e or appointi#e pub!ic ofcer or e&p!oyee sha!! recei#eadditiona!, doub!e or indirect co&pensation, un!ess specia!!yauthoried by !a", nor accept "ithout the consent o ongress,

any present, e&o!u&ent, ofce or tit!e o any ind ro& anyoreign go#ern&ent.

'ensions or gratuities sha!! not be considered as additiona!,doub!e or indirect co&pensation. )*+. 8, A-. /@, */

Parliamentary immunity

A *enator or =e&ber o the ouse o -epresentati#es sha!!, in a!!

oIenses punishab!e by not &ore than 6 years i&prison&ent, bepri#i!eged ro& arrest "hi!e ongress is in session.

o &e&ber sha!! be uestioned nor be he!d !iab!e in any otherp!ace or any speech or debate in the ongress or any co&&itteethereo. )*+. 11, A-. ?/, */

20



+etail

/t is the &o#e&ent o an e&p!oyee ro& one depart&ent oragency to another "ithout the issuance o an appoint&ent and

sha!! be a!!o"ed on!y or a !i&ited period in the case o e&p!oyeesoccupying proessiona!, technica! and scienti$c positions.

he transer is te&porary "hich does not in#o!#e a reduction inran, status or sa!ary and reuires on!y an ofcia! order.

nder a set o po!icies issued by the *, detai! is a!!o"ed on!y ora &a%i&u& period o 1 year, e%tension o "hich sha!! depend onthe consent o the detai!ed e&p!oyee and "ithin the authority i the &other agency.

o detai! or reassign&ent sha!! be &ade "ithin 3 &onths beoreany e!ection.

A detai!ed e&p!oyee recei#es sa!ary ro& the &other agency.A!so, the authority to discip!ine de!ai!ed e&p!oyees is #ested inthe appointing authority o the &other agency "here they be!ong.

*e$t1in1ran rule

his ru!e pro#ides that the person ne%t in ran sha!! be gi#en'-+H+-++ in pro&otion "hen the position i&&ediate!y abo#ehis position is #acated but this does not necessari!y o!!o" that hea!one and no one e!se can be appointed. he ua!i$ed ne%t inran reers to an e&p!oyee appointed on a per&anent basis to aposition pre#ious!y deter&ined to be ne%t in ran to the #acancyproposed to be $!!ed and "ho &eets the reuisites orappoint&ent thereto as pre#ious!y deter&ined by the appointing

authority and appro#ed by the co&&ission.

o"e#er, /t is a sett!ed ru!e that the appointing authority is not!i&ited to pro&otion in $!!ing up #acancies but &ay choose to $!!the& by the appoint&ent o persons "ith ci#i! ser#ice e!igibi!ityappropriate to the position, +#en i a #acancy "ere to be $!!ed bypro&otion, the concept o Dne%t in ranE does not i&port any

21



&andatory reuire&ent that the person ne%t in ran &ust beappointed to the #acancy. Jhat the ci#i! ser#ice !a" pro#ides isthat i a #acancy is $!!ed by pro&otion, the person ho!ding theposition ne%t in ran sha!! be considered or pro&otion.

(utomatic reversion

his ru!e pro#ides that the disappro#a! o the appoint&ent o aperson proposed to a higher position in#a!idates the pro&otion o those in the !o"er positions and auto&atica!!y restores the& totheir or&er positions. Hor an e&p!oyee to be auto&atica!!yrestored to his position there &ust be>

a. series o pro&otionsKb. a!! appoint&ents are si&u!taneous!y sub&itted to the *

or appro#a! andc. * disappro#es the appoint&ent o a person proposed to a

higher position.

22



Prohibition against grant of loan

o !oan, guaranty or other or& o $nancia! acco&odation or

business purpose &ay be granted, direct!y or indirect!y, by anygo#ern&ent@o"ned or contro!!ed ban or $nancia! institution tothe>

1. 'resident2. ?ice@'resident3. =e&bers o the abinet4. ongress5. *upre&e ourt6. onstitutiona! o&&issions7. &buds&an

8. any $r& or entity in "hich they ha#e a contro!!ing interest

Corrupt practices

1. 'ersuading, inducing or inLuencing another pub!ic ofcer toperor& an act constituting a #io!ation o ru!es and regu!ationsdu!y pro&u!gated by co&petent authority or an oIense inconnection "ith the ofcia! duties o the !atter, or a!!o"inghi&se! to be persuaded, induced, or inLuenced to co&&it such

#io!ation or oIense.2. Cirect!y or indirect!y reuesting or recei#ing any git, present,

share, percentage, or bene$t, or hi&se! or or any otherperson, in connection "ith any contract or transaction bet"eenthe o#ern&ent and any other part, "herein the pub!ic ofcerin his ofcia! capacity has to inter#ene under the !a".

3. Cirect!y or indirect!y reuesting or recei#ing any git, present orother pecuniary or &ateria! bene$t, or hi&se! or or another,ro& any person or "ho& the pub!ic ofcer, in any &anner or

capacity, has secured or obtained, or "i!! secure or obtain, anyo#ern&ent per&it or !icense, in consideration or the he!pgi#en or to be gi#en, "ithout pre(udice to *ection thirteen o this Act.

4. Accepting or ha#ing any &e&ber o his a&i!y accepte&p!oy&ent in a pri#ate enterprise "hich has pending ofcia!

23



business "ith hi& during the pendency thereo or "ithin oneyear ater its ter&ination.

5. ausing any undue in(ury to any party, inc!uding theo#ern&ent, or gi#ing any pri#ate party any un"arranted

bene$ts, ad#antage or preerence in the discharge o his ofcia!ad&inistrati#e or (udicia! unctions through &aniest partia!ity,e#ident bad aith or gross ine%cusab!e neg!igence. hispro#ision sha!! app!y to ofcers and e&p!oyees o ofces orgo#ern&ent corporations charged "ith the grant o !icenses orper&its or other concessions.

6. eg!ecting or reusing, ater due de&and or reuest, "ithoutsufcient (usti$cation, to act "ithin a reasonab!e ti&e on any&atter pending beore hi& or the purpose o obtaining,direct!y or indirect!y, ro& any person interested in the &atter

so&e pecuniary or &ateria! bene$t or ad#antage, or or thepurpose o a#oring his o"n interest or gi#ing undue ad#antagein a#or o or discri&inating against any other interested party.

7. +ntering, on beha! o the o#ern&ent, into any contract ortransaction &aniest!y and gross!y disad#antageous to thesa&e, "hether or not the pub!ic ofcer pro$ted or "i!! pro$tthereby.

8. Cirector or indirect!y ha#ing $nancing or pecuniary interest inany business, contract or transaction in connection "ith "hich

he inter#enes or taes part in his ofcia! capacity, or in "hichhe is prohibited by the onstitution or by any !a" ro& ha#ingany interest.

9. Cirect!y or indirect!y beco&ing interested, or persona! gain, orha#ing a &ateria! interest in any transaction or act reuiringthe appro#a! o a board, pane! or group o "hich he is a&e&ber, and "hich e%ercises discretion in such appro#a!, e#eni he #otes against the sa&e or does not participate in theaction o the board, co&&ittee, pane! or group.

10. /nterest or persona! gain sha!! be presu&ed against thosepub!ic ofcers responsib!e or the appro#a! o &aniest!yun!a"u!, ineuitab!e, or irregu!ar transaction or acts by theboard, pane! or group to "hich they be!ong.

11. Nno"ing!y appro#ing or granting any !icense, per&it,pri#i!ege or bene$t in a#or o any person not ua!i$ed or ornot !ega!!y entit!ed to such !icense, per&it, pri#i!ege or

24



ad#antage, or o a &ere representati#e or du&&y o one "hois not so ua!i$ed or entit!ed.

12. Ci#u!ging #a!uab!e inor&ation o a con$dentia! character,acuired by his ofce or by hi& on account o his ofcia!

position to unauthoried persons, or re!easing such inor&ationin ad#ance o its authoried re!ease date.

25



%olicitation=acceptance of gifts

'ub!ic ofcia!s and e&p!oyees sha!! not so!icit, accept, direct!y or

indirect!y, any git ro& any person in the course o their ofcia!duties or in connection "ith any operation being regu!ated by, orany transaction "hich &ay be aIected by the unctions o theirofce.

'rohibition does not co#er unso!icited gits o no&ina! orinsigni$cant #a!ue not gi#en in anticipation o, or in e%change or,a a#or ro& a pub!ic ofcia! or e&p!oyee.

+ivestment

Ci#est&ent is the transer i tit!e or disposa! o interest in propertyby #o!untari!y, co&p!ete!y and actua!!y depri#ing or dispossessingonese! o his right or tit!e to it in a#or o a person or personsother than his spouse and re!ati#e "ithin the 4th degree o consanguinity or afnity.

Jhen a conLict o interest arise, a pub!ic ofcia! or e&p!oyee sha!resign ro& his position in any pri#ate business or enterprise

"ithin 30 days ro& his assu&ption o ofce and:or di#est hi&se! o his shareho!dings "ithin 60 days ro& such assu&ption.

he ru!e does not app!y to those "ho ser#e in the o#ern&ent inan honorary capacity nor to !aborers and casua! te&porary"orers.

Con>ict of Interest

onLict o interest arises "hen a pub!ic ofcia! or e&p!oyee is apartner in a partnership, or a &e&ber o a board& an ofcer, or asubstantia! stocho!der o a pri#ate corporation or has asubstantia! interest in a business, and the interest o suchcorporation or business therein &ay be opposed to or aIected bythe aithu! peror&ance o ofcia! duty.

26



Civil iability of Public Ocers

A pub!ic ofcer sha!! not be !iab!e by "ay o &ora! and e%e&p!aryda&ages or acts done in the peror&ance o ofcia! duties,

un!ess there is a c!ear sho"ing o bad aith, &a!ice or grossneg!igence.

Absent any sho"ing o bad aith or &a!ice, e#ery pub!ic ofcia! isentit!ed to the presu&ption o good aith as "e!! as regu!arity inthe peror&ance or discharge o ofcia! duties.

Criminal iability of ?eads of Oces

*i&p!y because a person in a chain o processing ofcers happensto sign or initia! a #oucher as it is going the gounds, it does notnecessari!y o!!o" that he beco&es part o a conspiracy in ani!!ega! sche&e. he gui!t beyond reasonab!e doubt o eachconspirator &ust be estab!ished.

(ppeals in Civil %ervice (dmin Cases

&ay not appea! i ound gui!ty ad&inistrati#e!y and the

pena!ty i&posed is suspension ro& ofce o not &ore than

30 days or a $ne eui#a!ent to not &ore than 30 days sa!ary * #. Cacuycuy re#ersed the ru!e that no appea! !ies i the

respondent is e%onerated. * &ay appea!.

*egligence of %ubordinates

he neg!igence o the subordinate cannot be ascribed to hissuperior in the absence o the !atterFs o"n neg!igence.

:orgiveness and Condonation

A pub!ic ofcia! cannot be re&o#ed or ad&inistrati#e &isconductco&&itted during a prior ter&, since his re@e!ectoin to ofceoperates as a condonation o the ofcerFs pre#ious &isconduct tothe e%tent o cutting o the right to re&o#e hi& thereor. )*a!a!i&a#.uingona

27



#ect of Pardon

A pardon sha!! not "or the restoration to ho!d pub!ic ofce or the

right to suIrage, un!ess such rights be e%press!y restored by theter&s o the pardon. A pardon sha!! in no case e%e&pt the cu!pritro& the pay&ent o ci#i! inde&nity i&posed upo& hi& by thesentence. )Art. 36, -'

?old1over

fcers e!ected or appointed or a $%ed ter& sha!! ho!d not on!yor that ter& but a!so unti! their successors are e!ected andua!i$ed.

*O9#D Boca! e!ecti#e ofcia!s cannot ho!d@o#er. hey are

co#ered and bound by the three@year ter& !i&it prescribedby the onstitutionK they cannot e%tend their ter& through aho!do#er. 2EI+( )" %#*(9# O: 9?# P?IIPPI*#%, -"B" *O"&FG7H&, & OC9O6#B 73&&4

he ru!e o ho!do#er can on!y app!y as an a#ai!ab!e option

"here no e%press or i&p!ied !egis!ati#e intent to the contrary

e%istsK it cannot app!y "here such contrary intent is e#ident.)Guekeko v. Santos, 76 'hi!. 237 ;1946<.

9ender of resignation

he ofcia! "ith "ho& a resignation o a pub!ic ofce &ust be$!ed &ay be designated by statute.

/n the absence o a statuory direction, a pub!ic ofcer shou!dtender his resignation to the ofcer or body ha#ing authority to

appoint his successor or to ca!! an e!ection to $!! the ofce.

9ender of resignation of local elective ocials

O::ICI( @?#B#

28



o#ernor, ?ice o#ernor=ayor, ?ice =ayor o s and /s

'resident

=ayor, ?ice =ayor o =unicipa!ity,

o#ernor

*anggunian =e&bers *anggunianconcerned

rgy fcia!s ity or =unicipa!=ayor

29



eave of absence of local elective ocials

O::ICI( @?#B#

o#ernor=ayor o s and /s

'resident

=ayor o =unicipa!ity, o#ernor

?ice o#ernor?ice =ayor

Boca! hie +%ecuti#e

*anggunian =e&bers ?ice o#ernor or ?ice=ayor

-rounds for +isciplinary (ction 2Civil %ervice note$haustive; for comparison only4

-C CI)I %#B)IC#

Cis!oya!ty to the -epub!ic o the 'hi!

u!pab!e #io!ation o the onsti

Cishonesty, oppression, &isconductin oce and neg!ect o duty

Cishonesty4, ppression, =isconduct,eg!ect o Cuty

o&&ission o any oIense in#o!#ing&ora! turpitude or an oIense

on#iction o a cri&e in#o!#ing &ora!turpitude

4 Cishonesty, in order to "arrant dis&issa!, need not be co&&itted in

the course o the peror&ance o duty by the person charged. he rationa!eor the ru!e is that i the go#ern&ent ofcer or e&p!oyee is dishonest orgui!ty o oppression or gra#e &isconduct, e#en i said deects o characterare not connected "ith his ofce& they aIect his right to continue in ofce. he pri#ate !ie o an e&p!oyee cannot be segregated ro& his pub!ic !ie.Cishonesty ine#itab!y reLects on the $tness o the ofcer or e&p!oyee tocontinue in ofce and the discip!ine and &ora!e o the the ser#ice

30



punishab!e by at !east prision &ayor

Abuse o authority

nauthoried absence or 15

consicuti#e "oring days e%cept inthe case o &e&bers o sanggunians

Hreuent unauthoried absences or

tardiness, !oa$ng

App!ication or, or acuisition o,oreign citienship or residencestatus o an i&&igrant o anothercountry

@here to le admin complaints against local electiveocials

##C9I)#

O::ICI(

@?#B#0 (PP#(

'ro#ince, ,/,

Oce of the President

=unicipa!ity %angguniangPanlala.igan

'

rgy %angguniang 6ayan%angguniangPanlungsod

Hina! and+%ecutory

PB#)#*9I)# %!%P#*%IO*

##C9I)# O::ICI( @?O

'ro#ince, , / President

or =unicipa!ity -overnor

rgy Mayor

5 oncurrent (urisdiction "ith &buds&anK but o ri&ina!, &buds&anon!y

31



*O9#D no !oca! chie e%ecuti#e has (urisdiction o#er such cases

An e!ecti#e ofcia! &ay be re&o#ed r& ofce on the

grounds enu&erated by order o the proper court.

32



Preventive %uspension

CI)I %#B)IC# OC( ##C9I)#

O::ICI(%

6 OM6!+%M(*

proper discip!iningauthority &ay pre#enti#e!ysuspend a subordinateunder his authoritypending in#estigationM charge in#o!#es

dishonesty, oppressionor gra#e &isconduct orneg!ect in the

peror&ance o dutyK or there are reasons to

be!ie#e that therespondent is gui!ty o the charges "hich"ou!d "arrant hisre&o#a! ro& ser#ice

&ay be i&posed at anytime after the issues are Joined "hen the e#idence o gui!t is

strong and gi#en the gra#ity o

the oIense, there isgreat probabi!ity thatthe continuance in

ofce o the respondentcou!d inLuence the"itnesses or pose athreat to the saety andintegrity o the recordsand other e#idence

e#idence o gui!t is strongand either charge against

e&p!oyee in#o!#esdishonesty, oppressionor gra#e &isconduct orneg!ect in theperor&ance o duty

charges "ou!d "arrant

re&o#a! ro& ser#ice the respondentFs

continued stay in ofce&ay pre(udice the case$!ed against hi&

"hen the ad&inistrati#ecase is not $na!!y decided"ithin 90 days ater the

date o suspension o therespondent "ho is not apo!itica! appointee, therespondent sha!!auto&atica!!y be reinstatedin the ser#ice

"hen the de!ay is due tothe au!t, neg!igence orpetition o the respondent,in "hich case the period o

de!ay sha!! not be counted

any sing!e pre#enti#esuspension sha!! note%ceed beyond 60 days

pre#enti#e suspension sha!!continue unti! the case ister&inated by the

&buds&an but not &orethan 6 &onths, "ithout pay

e%cept "hen the de!ay isdue to the au!t, neg!igenceor petition o therespondent, in "hich casethe period o de!ay sha!!not be counted

in e#ent that se#era! ad&incharges are $!ed againstthe e!ecti#e ofca!, hecannot be pre#enti#e!ysuspended or &ore than

the o&buds&an cani&pose the 6 &onthpre#enti#e suspension toa!! pub!ic ofcia!s, "hethere!ecti#e or appointi#e, "ho

33



CI)I %#B)IC# OC( ##C9I)#

O::ICI(%

6 OM6!+%M(*

90 days on the sa&eground or grounds e%istingand no"n at the ti&e o the $rst suspension

are under in#estigation

34



%ummary of Aualications

O::IC#B (-# CI9IK#*%?IP

B#%I+#*C# %!::B(-# I9#B(C

President and)icePresident

at !east 40 on the dayo the e!ection

natura!@borncitien

resident o the'hi!ippines or at !east10 years i&&ediate!y

preceding suche!ection

registered #oter ab!e to readand "rite

%enators at !east 35 years o ageon the day o thee!ection

natura!@borncitien

resident o the'hi!ippines or at !east2 years i&&ediate!ypreceding the day o the e!ection


Members of the ?ouse of Bepresentatives 2notParty ist4

at !east 25 years o ageon the day o thee!ection

natura!@borncitien

resident o the districtin "hich he sha!! bee!ected or at !east 1year i&&ediate!ypreceding the day o

the e!ection

registered #oterin the district in"hich he sha!!be e!ected

ab!e to readand "rite

Party1listBepresentatives)pro#ided by!a"6

at !east 25 years o ageon the day o thee!ection. /n the case o ano&inee o the youthsector, he &ust be at

natura!@borncitien

resident o the'hi!ipines or at !east1 year i&&ediate!ypreceding the day o the e!ection


6 thers> a bona $de &e&ber o the party or organiation "hich he sees to represent at !east 90 days

preceding the day o the e!ection

35




B#%I+#*C# %!::B(-# I9#B(C

!east 25 but not &orethan 30 on the day o the e!ection.7

no&inated by his party or organiation7 Any youth sectora! representati#e "ho attains the age o 30 during his ter& sha!! be a!!o"ed to continueunti! the e%piration o his ter&

36



O::IC#B (-# CI9IK#*%?IP #+!C(9IO* O9?#B%

%upreme CourtCourt of (ppeals

at !east 40 natura!@borncitien

&ust ha#e been or 15years or &ore a (udge o a !o"er court or engagedin the practice o !a" inthe 'hi!ippines

&ust be o pro#enco&petence, integrity,probity andindependence

COM##C at !east 35 at theti&e o theirappoint&ent

natura!@borncitien

ho!ders o aco!!ege degree

&ust not ha#e beencandidates or anye!ecti#e position in thei&&ediate!y precedinge!ections

a &a(ority thereo,inc!uding the hair&an,&ust be &e&bers o the

'hi!ippine ar "ho ha#e#een engaged in thepractice o !a" or at!east 10 years

CO( at !east 35 at theti&e o theirappoint&ent

natura!@borncitiens

certi$ed pub!icaccountants "ithe not!ess than 10 yearsauditing e%perienceK or&e&bers o the

37




'hi!ippine ar "ho ha#ebeen engaged in thepractice o !a" or at!east 10 years

&ust not ha#e been

candidates or anye!ecti#e ofce in thee!ections i&&ediate!ypreceding theirappoint&ent

at no ti&e sha!! a!!&e&bers be!ong to thesa&e proession

C%C at !east 35 at theti&e o theirappoint&ent

natura!@borncitiens

"ith pro#en capacity orpub!ic ad&inistration

&ust not ha#e beencandidates or any

e!ecti#e ofce in thee!ections i&&ediate!ypreceding theirappoint&ent

C?B at !east 35 at theti&e o theirappoint&ent

natura!@borncitiens

&a(ority o "ho& &ustbe &e&bers o the bar

ter& o ofce and otherua!i$cations and

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diabi!ities sha!! bepro#ided by !a"

Ombudsmanand deputies

at !east 40 at theti&e o theirappoint&ent

natura!@borncitiens

o recognied probity andindependence

&e&bers o the'hi!ippine ar

not ha#e beencandidates or anye!ecti#e ofce in thei&&ediate!y precedinge!ections

&ust ha#e been or 10years and &ore a (udgeor engaged in thepractice o !a" in the'hi!ippines

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O::IC#B (-# CI9IK#*%?IP O9?#B%

%ecretaries of +epartments

at !east 25 $!ipino citien

B9C 5udges at !east 35 natura!@born or the !ast 10 years, has been engagedin the practice o !a" in the 'hi!ippines

M9C 5udges at !east 30 natura!@born or at !east 5 years, has been engagedin the practice o !a" in the 'hi!ippinesor has he!d a pub!ic ofce in the'hi!ippines reuiring ad&ission to thepractice o !a" as an indispensib!ereuisite


B#%I+#*C# %!::B(-# I9#B(C

o#ernor, ?ice o#,*. 'an!a!a"igan

=ayor, ?ice@=ayor,*. 'an!ungsod o

at !east 23on e!ection

day

citien o the'hi!ippines

resident o thedistrict:city:pro#ince

"here he intends to bee!ected or at !east 1year i&&ediate!ypreceding the day o thee!ection

registered #oter inthe

district:city:pro#ince"here he intends tobe e!ected

ab!e to reaand "rit

Hi!ipino or another !oca!anguage odia!ect

=ayor, ?ice@=ayoro /s, ,=unicipa!ities

at !east 21on e!ectionday


resident "here heintends to be e!ected orat !east 1 yeari&&ediate!y preceding

registered #oter"here he intends tobe e!ected or at!east 1 year

ab!e to reaand "ritHi!ipino or another !oca

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B#%I+#*C# %!::B(-# I9#B(C

the day o the e!ection i&&ediate!ypreceding the day o the e!ection

!anguage odia!ect

*angguniang'ang!ungsod,

*angguniang ayan

at !east 18on e!ection

day


resident o the district"here he intends to be

e!ected or at !east 1year i&&ediate!ypreceding the day o thee!ection

registered #oter inthe district: "here he

intends to be e!ectedor at !east 1 yeari&&ediate!ypreceding the day o the e!ection

ab!e to reaand "rit

Hi!ipino or another !oca!anguage odia!ect

*angguniangNabataan

at !east 15but not&ore than21 one!ection day


resident o the district"here he intends to bee!ected or at !east 1year i&&ediate!ypreceding the day o thee!ection

registered #oter inthe district "here heintends to be e!ectedor at !east 1 yeari&&ediate!ypreceding the day o the e!ection

ab!e to reaand "ritHi!ipino or another !oca!anguage odia!ect

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Multiple Oces

O::IC#B PBO?I6I9IO* #8C#P9IO*

'resident, ?ice@'resident,=e&bers o the abinet, theirdeputies or assitants

any other ofce or e&p!oy&entduring their tenure

un!ess other"ise pro#ided in theonstitution

*enator, =e&ber o - any other ofce or e&p!oy&ent inthe o#ern&ent or s or theirsubsidiaries, during his ter& "ithoutoreiting his seat

* and other courts estab!ishedby !a"

&ay not be designated to anyagency peror&ing uasi(udicia! orad&inistrati#e uncitons

=e&ber o onstitutiona!o&&issions, &buds&an andhis Ceputies

any other ofce or e&p!oy&ent

Appointi#e fcia!s any other ofce or e&p!oy&ent inthe o#ern&ent or any subdi#ision,agency, instru&enta!ity thereo,inc!uding s and theirsubsidiaries

un!ess other"ise a!!o"ed by !a" orby the pri&ary unctions o hisposition

=e&bers o the ar&ed orces inthe acti#e ser#ice

&ay not be appointed or designatedin any capacity to a ci#i!ian positionin the o#ern&ent inc!uding sand their subsidiaries

+!ecti#e fcia!s sha!! not be e!igib!e or appoint&entor designation in any capacity toany pub!ic ofce or position during

he &ay be appointed pro#ided heoreits his seat

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his tenure.

Practice of Profession


Curing their tenure, 'resident,?ice@'resident, =e&bers o theabinet, their deputies or assitants

hey sha!! not practice any otherproession. hey sha!! not participate,direct!y or indirect!y, in any business.

*enator, =e&ber o - hey &ay not persona!!y appear ascounse! beore any court o (ustice orbeore the +!ectora! ribuna!s, or uasi@

(udicia! and other ad&inistrati#e agencies

=e&ber o onstitutiona!o&&issions

hey sha!! not engage in the practice o any proession or in the acti#e&anaga&ent or contro! o any business"hich in any "ay &ay be aIected by theunctions o his ofce

o#ernors, ity and =inicipa!=ayors

hey are prohibited ro& practicing orengaging in any occupation other thanthe e%ercise o their unctions as !oca!chie e%ecuti#es

*anggunian =e&bers *anggunian &e&bers &ay not practicetheir proessions, engage in anyoccupation or teach in schoo!s duringsession hours.

Coctors o =edicine &aypractice their proessione#en during ofcia! hours o "or on!y on occasions o

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*anggunian &e&bers "ho are a!so&e&bers o the ar are sha!! not>

1. appear as counse! beore any courtin any ci#i! case "herein a !oca!go#ern&ent unit ir any ofce,agency or instru&enta!ity o the

go#ern&ent is the ad#erse partyK2. appear as counse! in any cri&ina!

case "hereinan ofcer or e&p!oyeeo the nationa! or !oca!go#ern&en&ent is accused o anoIense co&&itted in re!ation to hisofceK

3. co!!ect any ee or their appearancein ad&inistrati#e proceedingsin#o!#ing the !oca! go#ern&ent unito "hich he is an ofcia!K and

4. use property and personne! o theo#ern&ent e%cept "hen the*anggunian &e&ber concerned is

deending the interest o theo#ern&ent

e&ergency pro#ided thatthe ofcia!s concerned donot deri#e &onetaryco&pensation therero&.

'ub!ic fcia!s and +&p!oyees 'ub!ic ofcia!s during their incu&bencysha!! not>

1. o"n, contro! &anage, or accepte&p!oy&ent as ofcer, e&p!oyee,consu!tant, broer, agent, trustee,or no&inee in any pri#ateenterprise regu!ated, super#ised or!icensed by their ofce un!ess

44




e%press!y a!!o"ed by !a"2. engage in the pri#ate practice o

their proession un!ess authpriedby the onstitution or !a", pro#idedthat such practice "i!! not conLictor tend to conLict "ith their ofcia!unctions

3. reco&&end any person to anyposition in a pri#ate enterprise"hich has a regu!ar or pendingofcia! transaction "ith their ofce.

hese prohibitions sha!! continue to app!yor a period o 1 year ater resignation,retire&ent, or separation ro& pub!icofce, e%cept in the case o ;2<, but theproessiona! cncerned cannot practice hisproession in connection "ith any &atterbeore the ofce he used to be "ith, in"hich case the 1 year prohibition sha!!!ie"ise app!y.

45



:inancial Interest

O::IC#B PBO?I6I9IO*

Curing their tenure, 'resident,?ice@'resident, =e&bers o the

abinet, their deputies or assitants

hey sha!! not be $nancia!!y interested, direct!y orindirect!y, in any contract "ith, or in any ranchise or

specia! pri#i!ege granted by the go#ern&ent or any o itssubdi#ision, agency, or instru&enta!ity thereo inc!udings or their subsidiaries

*enator, =e&ber o - e sha!! not be $nancia!!y interested, direct!y or indirect!y,in any contract "ith, or in any ranchise or specia!pri#i!ege granted by the go#ern&ent or any o itssubdi#ision, agency, or instru&enta!ity thereo inc!udings or their subsidiaries

e sha!! not inter#ene in any &atter beore any ofce o the o#ern&ent or his pecuniary bene$t or "here he&ay be ca!!ed upon to act on account o his ofce.

e sha!! not inter#ene in any cause or &atter beore any

ofce o the go#ern&ent or his pecuniary bene$t or"here he &ay be ca!!ed upon to act on account o hisofce or to gi#e his #ote as a &e&ber o ongress.

=e&ber o onstitutiona!o&&issions

hey sha!! not be $nancia!!y interested, direct!y orindirect!y, in any contract "ith, or in any ranchise orspecia! pri#i!ege granted by the go#ern&ent or any o itssubdi#ision, agency, or instru&enta!ity thereo inc!udings or their subsidiaries

'ub!ic fcia!s and +&p!oyees hey sha!! not, direct!y or indirect!y, ha#e any $nancia!

46



&ateria! interest in any transaction reuiring the appro#a!o their ofce

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48



Meaning of Public Oce, 3 Public oce as a public trust, 3

Documents

Quick Notes Public Officer