Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Question: Why is it important to study
history? Please provide three reasons.
Answer:• To learn from the past• To not repeat mistakes• To learn about other cultures,
religions, backgrounds, etc.• Because history can be fun• To learn interesting stories
Chapter 3: Colonies Take
Root
Question: What is a civilization? Provide one example of an
early civilization and explain why it is considered that.
Answer:Civilization- An advanced culture in which
people have developed cities, science, and industries.
Examples & Evidence:Mayas-astronomy, roads, pyramidsAztecs-Tenochtitlan (well-engineered city),
military powerhouseIncas- quipus (system of record keeping),
terraces, basic military
The First English Settlements
Section 3.1
Exploring AmericaExploring America
During the During the 1500’s the 1500’s the Spanish ships Spanish ships controlled the controlled the seas.seas.
Here are a few Here are a few important people that important people that helped end the Spanish helped end the Spanish reign…reign…
Exploring AmericaExploring America
1588 – 1588 – Sir Francis Sir Francis Drake Drake (England)(England) defeated the defeated the Spanish Spanish ArmadaArmada
Where did the defeat of the Spanish Armada take place? Off the coast ofNorthern Ireland
Opens seas for Europe Opens seas for Europe to Explore America!!! to Explore America!!! People started to head out into the People started to head out into the unknown.unknown.
IMPORTANT!!! IMPORTANT!!! Why is the defeat of the Spanish Armada so Why is the defeat of the Spanish Armada so important? important?
Why would people leave Europe for unexplored land?
• Potential wealth-fur, land, trade• Religious freedom-Separatists wanted to
leave and form their own church• Adventure-see something new and
exciting• New start-out of jail, debt, bad reputation,
make a living at a new job• Power-to gain military or political power,
but also to avoid the tyranny in Europe (kings)
Exploring AmericaExploring America
Sir Humphrey Sir Humphrey Gilbert – Gilbert –
Claimed Claimed Newfoundland Newfoundland for Queen for Queen Elizabeth Elizabeth (England) (England)
Sir Humphrey Gilbert cutting the first Sir Humphrey Gilbert cutting the first sod in Newfoundland in August 1583. sod in Newfoundland in August 1583. Sir Humphrey Gilbert's British colony Sir Humphrey Gilbert's British colony
on Newfoundland failed partially on Newfoundland failed partially because the colonists were more because the colonists were more
anxious to find silver mines than to anxious to find silver mines than to plant crops. plant crops.
Sir Walter Sir Walter Raleigh – Raleigh –
Explored and Explored and reported reported positives positives
of settlingof settling Roanoke IslandRoanoke Island
(off coast of (off coast of North North Carolina))
ExploringExploring AmericaAmerica
The The capitol of capitol of
North North Carolina Carolina is now is now named named
after Sir after Sir Walter Walter RaleighRaleigh
Roanoke – Roanoke – 1585 1585 The 1The 1stst
attempt at an attempt at an English colony English colony
in America. in America. After a harsh After a harsh
winter the winter the settlement settlement
was vacated.was vacated.
Exploring AmericaExploring America
Exploring AmericaExploring AmericaJohn White –John White –
Tried again two Tried again two years later. years later. After settling, After settling, White goes White goes back to back to England for England for supplies and ….supplies and ….
This is a This is a 1585 1585 map map
drawn drawn by John by John White of White of
the the North North
Carolina Carolina area area
where where Roanoke Roanoke
was was settled.settled.
Upon his return Upon his return (3 years later after war with (3 years later after war with
Spain)Spain) he found only the he found only the
wordword
CROATOAN CROATOAN and and nothing else !!! (Which nothing else !!! (Which means the colony was a means the colony was a failure) failure)
The Jamestown Settlement
(1607)
The Virginia Company - Received a charter to settle in the area known as Virginia. A charter was permission from the king to start a settlement. This settlement was called Jamestown.
Jamestown was settled inside of the Chesapeake Bay in Virginia
near present day Williamsburg,
Virginia.
-1608 - Capitan John Smith instilled military rule forcing colonists to work. Colony had success.
-1609 - Lord De La Warr continued it. He was a strict, poor leader (heard of Delaware?)
-1619 - Sir George Yeardly started a House of Burgesses because the men wanted a say in the government.
After about 12 years the colony started to succeed.
GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT
OBSTACLES
NATIVE AMERICANS – Violence came when
the English settled the good land
WEATHER – Harsh winters forced colonists to feed from animals they didn’t
want to lose
What challenges did the colonists face?
OBSTACLES
DISEASE – Malnourishment, new climate (swamp) and
close quarters increased sickness
GOVERNMENT – Early lack of leadership
allowed settlers to search for gold instead
of growing crops
THE COLONY’S STRUCTURE: fort-like
to keep Native Americans out.
What helped Jamestown SURVIVE?
NATIVE AMERICANS: The Powhatan Tribe helped them gain
the food they needed to survive.
What helped Jamestown survive?
TOBACCO: John Rolfe learned to grow a less bitter kind, giving them a profitable
crop. It was sold back in England.
What helped Jamestown survive?
REINFORCEMENTS : Many more came to settle than were dying, especially
women.
YearYear Arrive Arrive 1619 - - - 1619 - - - 1620 100 (est) 1620 100 (est) 1621 1,051 1621 1,051 1624 4,0001624 4,000
PopulationPopulation 1,0001,000 866866 843843 1,2771,277
Agonquin Indian
Powhatan Tribe
Father was Chief Father was Chief PowhatanPowhatan
She converted to She converted to Christianity and went by Christianity and went by the name of Rebeccathe name of Rebecca
She married John RolfeShe married John Rolfe
She died in 1617 at the She died in 1617 at the age of 22age of 22
PocahontasPocahontas
This is an original engraving by Simon van de Passe, from which an oil painting was later made. This is the only surviving portrait made during her lifetime, published in 1616. Therefore, it is the most accurate.
Recreated Powhatan village at the Jamestown Settlement
Some say this painting of Pocahontas and her son Some say this painting of Pocahontas and her son Thomas, which has been preserved for centuries, is Thomas, which has been preserved for centuries, is the most accurate depiction of her. the most accurate depiction of her.
PocahontasPocahontas
The final years of Jamestown…
•Africans were brought to Jamestown as laborers, not slaves (but against their will)
•In 1624, King James cancelled the charter and took control of the colony.
Did you know???
In 1607, about the same time as the Jamestown colonization, a group of English colonists attempted to establish a colony in the Northern Virginia territory. The colony, a fort named Fort St. George, was located in present day Maine and was named Popham after its leader George Popham. It lasted for approximately a year before the discouraged settlers returned to England.
Plymouth Colony
Plymouth Colony -1620 -
More colonists headed for Virginia but landed in Plymouth
instead. They were out of supplies so
they decided to stay.
-Most believe religious
differences led to the Pilgrims
establishing the colony of Plymouth.
-However, only about 1/3 of them
were actually Pilgrims (religious
journey) The Pilgrims were
Separatists-people who left the English
Church.
Plymouth Colony
-Created to establish order, all agreed to follow the rules
-All had a say in the rules (majority rule)
The Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact
-Loyalty to the King
- Contract was for the general good of the colony
The Mayflower Compact
Used later as a guide for the Constitution (formal plan of Government) in the United States
•Local Indians, Squanto and Samoset helped the colonists farm and hunt.
•The colonists invited the Native Americans to feast with them the following fall. Thanksgiving!
•FYI- this had been done between many Native Americans and colonists before.
Recap of the first English Colonies
• Roanoke- 1st attempt at an English colony in America. Failure and mystery
• Jamestown-1st successful English colony (in Virginia)
• Plymouth-2nd successful English colony (in New England)
Warm-upQuestion: Why would people leave
Europe for unexplored land?
Answer:Potential wealth-fur, land, tradeReligious freedom-Separatists wanted to leave and form their own churchAdventure-see something new and excitingNew start-out of jail, debt, bad reputationPower-military or political
The New England ColoniesSection
3.2
Originally there was Plymouth, this colony later merged with
M.B.C. to become Massachusetts (Pilgrims and
Puritans lived together)
Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630)-John Winthrop led the
Puritans to Boston to establish a Christian community. (They were still part of the Church of England, unlike the Pilgrims.)
They set up a basic representative govt. but didn’t
accept other religions.
Disagreements about religion led to the founding
of other New England colonies
How did the New England Colonies form?
New Hampshire• New Hampshire (1638)-
was founded by John Wheelwright when he was forced to leave M.B.C. Mostly for religious freedom.
• Wheelwright was a Puritan minster who got kicked out of M.B.C. for defending Anne Hutchinson
• Exports-Furs, Cattle & Ships
Connecticut• Connecticut(1636)-
Thomas Hooker led a group to this area.
• Religious and political freedom.
• They wrote the first American Constitution. (F.O.C.)
• Exports-Iron, Cattle, Grain & Ships
Rhode Island
• Rhode Island (1636)-Roger Williams started this colony for religious freedom.
• Anne Hutchinson tested the religious and female boundaries. Forced to leave M.B.C. She started her own settlement-became part of Rhode Island.
• Exports-Iron & Rum
Native American Relations
• Native Americans had good and bad interactions with the colonists.
• King Philip’s War was fought between the Puritans and the Native Americans (to stop European expansion.)
• Metacom (called King Phillip by the Europeans)led the confederation of indigenous peoples that included the Wampanoag and Narraganset tribes.
• It was one of the most costly wars of resistance in New England history.
Warm UpQuestion: What was
the main reason why the New
England colonies formed?
Answer: Religious freedom
The Middle ColoniesSection 3.3
New York• 1624, Duke of York• Originally called New Netherland, a
Dutch colony that was occupied by patroons. (Dutch, German, Swedish, and Finish lived there)
• The English took over the valuable colony and renamed it New York. New York had a very diverse population and became one of the fastest growing areas in America. Expanded British trade.
• It was the first proprietary colony– What is a proprietary colony?
• The earlier colonies were charter colonies.
• 3 types of colonies created by the British-charter, royal, proprietary
James, Duke of York, for which the colony was named
Delaware• 1638 (became it’s own
colony in 1704), No leader• Mostly Swedish settlers
(originally Dutch controlled) became an English colony when they took N.Y.
• Initially part of Pennsylvania, but it was soon determined to be too far from Philadelphia and in 1704 it became a separate colony.
• Helped expand British trade
New Jersey• 1664• Started by John Berkeley and George Carteret• Originally part of N.Y., broke off to make
money• People flocked to N.J. because of the
opportunity for general freedoms. Profit from selling land and trading.
• At first a proprietary colony then turned to a royal colony. Left:
BerkleyRight:Carteret
Pennsylvania• 1682• Started by William Penn for the
Quakers. (Holy Experiment) Pennsylvania was a peaceful and religiously tolerant settlement.
• Profits from land sales/trade• Quakers believed that all people
had an “inner light” with God.• They were against slavery and
women were treated as equals. • Freedom of religion and peace
with Native Americans
Penn
Middle Colonies
• The most diverse population of the three regions. Many nationalities living under British rule.
• Helped expand British trade in the colonies• The western edge of the middle colonies
was called the backcountry-this area extended into the uninhabited (by whites) land.
• Many Scotch-Irish and Germans moved to the Middle Colonies for it’s toleration.
Warm upQuestion: What was
one overarching characteristic of the
middle colonies? (something they all
had in common)
Answer: They had a very diverse population, made up of many ethnic groups. Many Scotch-Irish, German, Dutch and Swedish families moved to the middle colonies. There was also a fair amount of religious toleration, especially in Pennsylvania where the Quakers lived.
Also used to expand British trade.
The Southern Colonies
Section 3.4
The Mason-Dixon Line• Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon were hired to settle
the boundary dispute between Pennsylvania and Maryland.
• They created the Mason-Dixon Line.• After the American Revolution this line divided the slave
states and the states where slavery had been abolished.• Five colonies were south of the Mason-Dixon: Maryland,
Virginia, North and South Carolina and Georgia
• Virginia (1607)• Originally started by John
Smith (Jamestown.)• Continued to expand and
profit, but problems developed between colonists and the Native Americans.
• Bacon’s Rebellion-a wealthy planter led raids on Native American villages and Jamestown. The raids proved that western VA colonists wanted to expand inland and would fight their own government.
• Maryland (1634)• Started by Cecil
Calvert• Started as a Catholic
refuge and to profit from selling land.
• Also brought many indentured servants and slaves to help with the crops.
Cecil Calvert (also known as Lord
Baltimore)
• The Carolinas (1663) North (1712) South (1719)
• Led by a group of 8 proprietors• Two profitable colonies, created for prominent
members of the king’s courts. • Profit from selling land and trade. • Crops and slavery were very important to these
areas.
• Georgia (1733)• Started by James Oglethorpe• Created for religious freedom and a fresh start
from debt. The colony also served as protection against the Spanish and Native Americans—it was a buffer!
The Southern Colonies• Mostly created to
sell and profit from the land.
• Slavery becomes and important part of colonial society in the South.
• Life in the South is based on developing agriculture.
Warm upQuestion: Why is the
Mason-Dixon line significant
to American history?
Answer: It provided the dividing line in the United States between the Northern free states and the Southern slave states after the American Revolution. A "crownstone" boundary
monument on the Mason-Dixon Line. The coat of arms of Maryland's founding Calvert family is shown. On the other side are the arms of William Penn.
Ch 3 NPQ(including 3.1-3.4)
Warm upQuestion: List one product grown or produced in each of the three regions
of colonies. Be sure to specify what product comes from each region.
Answer:New England- grain, cattle, lumber, fish, whales,
furs, ships, rum, ironMiddle- grain, cattle, fish, lumber, rum, ironSouthern- rice, indigo, cattle, grain, tobacco, fish,
lumber, iron, rum, cotton
13 Colonies Map Project
Warm upQuestion: Why was it important for the early colonies to create basic forms of government?
(Ex: The Mayflower Compact, House of
Burgesses, town meetings)
Answer: There were a couple of main reason why…
• To establish order/law among the colonists
• To prevent chaos• The colonists had come from countries in
Europe that all had existing governments-this is what they were use to and government in the colonies made them feel more comfortable in a new world.
• To provide consequences for those who disrupted the order of the group (Ex: jail)
Spanish Colonies on the Borderlands
Section 3.5
French & Spanish Colonies• French Colonies:
– Didn’t take the land, mostly traded with the Native Americans
– Many French joined life with the Native Americans
– Supported by the King of France– Originally didn’t want colonies,
but followed the lead of the British
– Where: Canada, Mississippi Valley
– Important people: Louis Joliet, Jacques Marquette, Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle
• Spanish Colonies:– Colonies that had been
around since the 1500’s– Bordered the “new” French
& British colonies– Christian missions were a
key aspect of Spanish colonies
– Wanted to expand the size of their empire
– Where: Florida, Southwest U.S., Mexico
– Important people: Juan de Onate, Junipero Serra
• While France and England were building colonies in North America, Spain had colonies that were hundreds of years old.
• St Augustine-1st permanent European settlement in North America.
• The Spanish also had borderlands (between Mexico & the Europeans.) This was Spain’s most important land as well as land in South America.
• Juan de Onate-founded Santa Fe
Missions• Roman Catholic missionaries played a key
role in colonizing the borderlands.• Their goal was to teach and spread
Christianity to the Native Americans.• Important missions were- San Antonio,
San Diego, San Francisco and Los Angeles• Junipero Serra- started many of the
missions in CA (Spanish)• Native Americans worked at the Spanish
missions-they weren’t in control of their own lives.
Warm upQuestion: What are two characteristics of
each of the following colonies; French, Spanish and English?
Answer: Answers will vary…let’s look at the Comparison Chart from our 3.5 notes.
Warm upQuestion: How do
these two paintings show different interactions between Native Americans & colonists? Is this representative of life in the colonies, why?
Answer: The first picture shows the violence that existed
between many of the settlers and the Native Americans. Many Native American tribes were threatened by invading settlers.
The second picture shows The Quakers (a peaceful society) co-existing peacefully with the Native Americans…this is much closer to how the Native Americans lived prior to the arrival of the colonists.
