Quebec Anglophones Who Stayed … and Those Who Left

A Comparison of Key Characteristics, 1971 to 2001

William Floch

Manager, Official Languages Research

Department of Canadian Heritage

March 1, 2008, Montreal

Population Under ConsiderationPopulation being studied consists of those persons born in Quebec having English as their mother tongue. This population is then divided into two groups:

Those who continue to live in Quebec at the time of a given census takingThose who have moved from Quebec to another Canadian province or territory

Sample does not include those born in Canada who may now be living outside CanadaMultiple responses are distributed equally among declared languages

Retention RateCanada’s Official-Language Minority Communities

by Province, Population 15+ 2001

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Canada, less Quebec

British Columbia

Alberta

Saskatchewan

Manitoba

Ontario

Quebec

New Brunswick

Nova Scotia

Prince Edward Island

Newfoundland and Labrador

Note: retention rate is the percentage of those born in a particular province who still live in that province.

50%

Retention RateCanada’s Official-Language Majority Populations

by Province, (15+), 2001

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Canada, less QuebecNunavutNorthwest TerritoriesYukon TerritoryBritish ColumbiaAlbertaSaskatchewanManitobaOntarioQuebecNew BrunswickNova ScotiaPrince Edward IslandNewfoundland and Labrador

Note: retention rate is the percentage of those born in a particular province who still live in that province.

96%

Retention Rates - MMI

minority majority mmiNewfoundland and Labrador 30.5% 67.1% 0.45Prince Edward Island 66.9% 66.1% 1.01Nova Scotia 75.9% 70.7% 1.07New Brunswick 75.4% 68.0% 1.11Quebec 50.1% 96.3% 0.52Ontario 74.9% 89.4% 0.84Manitoba 71.1% 61.4% 1.16Saskatchewan 49.4% 53.4% 0.93Alberta 71.4% 76.1% 0.94British Columbia 63.0% 85.8% 0.73Canada, less Quebec 84.2% 99.3% 0.85

Table 1 – Retention Rates for Population 15+, by Province

Retention Rates – Linguistic Communities – 1971-2001

Language GroupYear 1971 1981 1991 2001

Francophone - minority 85% 85% 84% 84%Francophone - majority 96% 96% 96% 96%Anglophone - minority 69% 58% 52% 50%Anglophone - majority 98% 99% 98% 99%

Table 2 - Retention Rate for Population 15+, Anglophones and Francophones, by Minority Status, 1971-2001

Retention Rate

Retention Rates – by Language Group and Age Group, 2001

Language GroupAge group 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+

Francophone - minority 83% 84% 85% 84%Francophone - majority 98% 96% 96% 96%Anglophone - minority 74% 46% 43% 52%Anglophone - majority 99% 99% 99% 99%

Table 3 - Retention Rate for Population 15+, Anglophones and Francophones, by Minority Status, by age cohort, 2001

Retention Rate

Those who stayed / those who left, 1971-2001 Quebec Anglophones

English Mother Tongue, Born in Quebec

517,000

467,450421,566

402,164

192,600

292,350311,300 323,542

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

1971 1981 1991 2001

QC anglos - stayed QC anglos - left

Highest Level of Schooling

For Anglophones Born in Quebec,

by Province of Residence,

1971-2001

Anglophones Born in Quebec, by Current Province of Residence,

by Highest Level of Schooling, 1971

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

no secondarycertificate

with secondarycertificate

tradescertificate or

diploma

post-secondary,without degree

post-seconday,with degree

Quebec Canada, less Quebec

Anglophones Born in Quebec, by Current Province of Residence,

by Highest Level of Schooling, 2001

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

no secondarycertificate

with secondarycertificate

tradescertificate or

diploma

post-secondary,without degree

post-seconday,with degree

Quebec Canada, less Quebec

Official Languages Groups in CanadaRetention Rate

by Highest Level of Schooling, 2001

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

Quebec Anglophones Quebec Francophones Anglophones outsideQuebec

Francophones outsideQuebec

no secondary certificate with secondary certificate post-secondary, without degree post-seconday, with degree

Anglophones born in Quebec

By Labour Force Activity

and Province of Residence,

1971-2001

Anglophones Born in Quebec, by Current Province of Residence,

by Labour Force Activity, 1971

10.4%8.7%

24.9% 25.3%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

unemployed out of labour force

Quebec Canada, less Quebec

Anglophones Born in Quebec, by Current Province of Residence,

by Labour Force Activity, 1981

8.8%6.3%

39.8%

30.3%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

unemployed out of labour force

Quebec Canada, less Quebec

Anglophones Born in Quebec, by Current Province of Residence,

by Labour Force Activity, 1991

11.9%7.6%

36.5%

26.0%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

unemployed out of labour force

Quebec Canada, less Quebec

Anglophones Born in Quebec, by Current Province of Residence,

by Labour Force Activity, 2001

8.5%4.3%

37.6%

28.0%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

unemployed out of labour force

Quebec Canada, less Quebec

Retention Rate of Those with Doctoral DegreesCanada’s Official-Language Minority Communities

by Province, 2001

0.0%

100.0%

63.6%

48.8%

26.9%

53.8%

23.5%

12.5%

73.3%

72.7%

67.9%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Canada, less Quebec

British Columbia

Alberta

Saskatchewan

Manitoba

Ontario

Quebec

New Brunswick

Nova Scotia

Prince Edward Island

Newfoundland and Labrador

Note: retention rate is the percentage of those born in a particular province who still live in that province.

Quebec Anglophone and Francophone Youth, Expected Destinations

7.5%

39.3%

22.0%

41.1% 40.9%

5.4%

19.5%

7.1%10.1%

7.1%

the same regiona different region

in another provinceout of the country

DNK/Refusal0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

Anglophone Youth Francophone Youth

Expected Destination - MigrantsComparison of Anglophone and Francophone Youth

Source: Canadian Heritage based on data from Crop/Missisquoi Institute, 2000. "N" refers to the number of youth (18-29).

Of youth who expect to move in the next 5 years:

-80% of Francophones think it will be to another place within Quebec, compared to 30% of Anglophones

- 60% of Anglophones think it will be outside Quebec, compared to 13% of Francophones