Quarterly Jutinial ofihe International Churchill Society

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SHALL GO ON TO THE E N D . . . . ( U E SHALLFIGHT IN FRANCE, WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE SEAS ANDI N T H E O C E A N S , SHALL F I G H T WITH G R O W I N G CON-FIDENCE AND GROWING STRENGTH IN THE MR.. ( H ESHALL DEFEND OUR ISLAND,WHATEVER THECOST MAYBE. ( U E SHALL FIGHT ON THE BEACHES,WE SHALL FIGHTON THE LANDING GROUNDS, WE SHALL FIGHT IN THE FIELDS

AND STREETS AND IN THE HILLS U}\L SHALL NEVERSURRENDER,AND EVEN IF, WHICH I DO NOT FOR AMOMENT BELIEVE,THIS ISLAND, OR EVEN PART OF U, ISSUBJUGATED AND STARV1NG,THEN OUR EMPIRE ACROSSTHESEAS, ARMED AND GUARDED BY THE BRITISH FLEET,WILL CARRY ON THE STRUGGLE,UNTIL, IN GOD'S GOODTIME,THE NEW WORLD, IN ALL ITS STRENGTH AND MIGHT,SETS FORTH TO THE. RESCUE AND L I B E R A T I O N OFTHE OLD. BRITAIN WILL FIGHT THE MENACE OF TYRANNYFOR YEARS, AND,IF NECESSARY, A L O N E .

— WINSTON CHURCHILL

M

NUMSER; SUMMER* 1985FP^U^?="'S^5JWt'tfeSl ^SVfe'ii::*.&

POSTCARD BY VALENTINES, 1941

Immortal Words"LET US TO THE TASK" 27 JANUARY 1940

In our country public men are proud to be the servants of the people.They would be ashamed to be their masters.

Ministers of the Crown feel themselves strengthenedby having at their side the House of Commons

and the House of Lordssitting with great regularity,

and acting as a continual stimulus to their activities.Of course it is quite true

that there is often severe criticism of the Governmentin both Houses.

We do not resent the well-meant criticism of any personwho wishes to win the war.

We do not shrink from fair criticism,and that is the most dangerous of all.

On the contrarywe take it earnestly to heart

and seek to profit by it.Criticism in the body politic is like pain in the human body.

It is not pleasant —but where would the body be without ii/

No health or sensibility would be possiblewithout continued correctives and warnings of pain.

Come then: let us to the task,to the battle,

to the toil-each to our part,

each to our station!Fill the armies, rule the air,

pour out the munitions, strangle the U-boats,sweep the mines, plow the land,

build the ships, guard the streets,succour the wounded, uplift the downcast,

and honour the brave.Let us go forward together

in all parts of the Empire,in all parts of the Island.

There is not a week,nor a day,

nor an hour to lose.—At the Free Trade Hall, Manchester

DespatchBox

Much as I have read of and by Sir WinstonChurchill, I was unaware of the InternationalChurchill Society until Senator Rudmanpassed along to me copies of Finest Hour thatyou sent to him. I enclose my application.

-Senator Bob Packwood, Washington

Many thanks for your letter and for sendingme information about the work of the Interna-tional Churchill Society. I was very glad tohave it. The Board of Directors does me greathonour in offering me complimentary member-ship. I am delighted to accept and look forwardto receiving Finest Hour which I will see isprominently displayed in the Embassy.

-H. B. M. Ambassador Oliver WrightBritish Embassy, Washington

Thank you very much for your letter whichI have shown to The Prince of Wales. I amafraid that it will not be possible for His RoyalHighness to take on the Patronage of the Inter-national Churchill Society.

The problem is that The Prince of Walesonly takes on positions of this nature if hefeels that he will be able to give at least sometime to the organisation concerned and heis so heavily committed at the moment that heis having to turn down many worthy applica-tions of which yours is sadly one. I am sorry tohave to send you a disappointing reply to yourrequest.

— The Hon. Edward AdeaneBuckingham Palace

In reply to Mr. Redburn (Despatch Box, FH#45), I've learned that our mistake in the land-ing divisions on the D-Day cover was due to aclerical error. John Keegan, author of mysource, Six Flags in Normandy (1982) writesme: "I'm afraid it was an oversight that Iomitted the British Third Division from theappendix." (Also, the U. S. 29th Division didnot make his appendix for 6 June because itwas attached to the First Division, as the 29thnever did a combat landing operation; Keeganshows its arrival on 7 June.) To compound thematter, I had a clerical error, failing in the rushof assembling the project to list the 79thBritish Armoured Division (specialized armour),and I am sorry.

— Dave Marcus, Silver Spring, Md.

My father-in-law (RCMP) was on duty at theQuebec Conference one morning with a youngCWAC when Sir Winston appeared with is wifeat the door of their suite. WSC paused andsaid, "It's now or never, Clemmie," and withthat went back inside and closed the door!

With reference to Dr. Ambrose's letter inissue #47: He states that the D-Day celebra-tions "were limited to the French, British andAmericans." Funny, I could have sworn I wasthere with several thousand other Canadians,including the PM. Rather typical, just as therecent slap in the face from Life magazine.Canadian vets are not amused.

-Maj. J. A. Dure, MC, CD, Port Hope, Ont.

International Datelines

OSCAR NEMON, 1906-1985London, 14 April -Oscar Nemon, theYugoslav-born sculptor who made morethan 50 likenesses of Sir Winston and anhonorary member of our Society, diedtoday aged 79. Mr. Nemon's most impor-tant recent work was the sculpture"Married Love," which he unveiled at theKansas City Plaza a year ago {FH #40page 3). A plan to place the original life-size bronze of this superb likeness of WSCand CSC outside St. Paul's Cathedral wasabandoned when the corporation govern-ing the City of London refused to paythe price.

Queen Elizabeth II, who was sculptedby Nemon, commissioned a Churchillbust for Windsor Castle, the maquette forwhich was recently offered by Sotheby's.One of Nemon's finest works is a statueof Churchill on the Green at Westerham,

Left: The Late Oscar Nemon Above: WSC'sonly sculpture was of Mr. Nemon

near Chartwell. (WSC, a talented amateurpainter, made his only venture into sculp-ture by producing a bust of Nemon.)

Before his death, Mr. Nemon wasworking on a head of Princess Diana fora private collector. The Princess of Waleshad attended only one sitting, about aweek before Nemon died. Other well-known figures he sculpted were theQueen Mother, Sigmund Freud, the Earlof Stockton, Prime Minister Thatcher,Field Marshall Viscount Montgomery andPresident Eisenhower.

The International Churchill Societysent a laurel wreath to the funeral toexpress its deepest sympathies to Mrs.Nemon, together with our confidencethat Oscar's noble work will never beforgotten.

FREE ADMISSION TO CHARTWELLWesterham, Kent — Any paid-up memberof the International Churchill Societymay obtain free admission to Chartwellby presenting his or her current member-ship card (bearing a number not lowerthan #48) at the kiosk. This privilege hasbeen arranged by the Society's Board ofDirectors through Mrs. Jean Broome,Chartwell administrator, and is availableto individual members only (not familymembers), who arrive separately and notas part of groups. It is a £2.30 value,which we hope will encourage you tovisit Chartwell if at all possible during1985. Directors will evaluate the annualcost of this privilege at the end of theyear and, providing it remains withinour budget, we hope to continue theopportunity in years to come.

WSC BACK ON TOP AT TUSSAUD'SLondon-The, latest popularity survey at

Madame Tussaud's Wax Museum onMarylebone Road (see FH #46) showsSir Winston topping Superman once againas the most popular waxwork. Supermanled WSC during the last survey. Personally,we always thought WSC was Superman.

CUVEE SIR WINSTONNew York, 2 Mz^-Wine importersFrederick Wildman & Sons Ltd. proudlyannounce Pol Roger's new cuvee deprestige, named after the champagnehouse's most famous customer. (AfterChurchill's death in 1965, all Pol Rogersold in Britain had labels bordered inblack; that practice stopped with theintroduction of the new champagne therelast year. See FH #46 page 5.). Cuvee Sir Winston, vintage 1979, is

sold in 750 ml bottles and magnums, thelatter in a black and gold box, and retailsbetween $40 and $50, in the range of allcuvees de prestige. The label is an elegant

combination of dark brown tones withgold lettering, and a bust of WSC in goldis on the neck band.

Says Christian Pol Roger, "We want torespect the memory of the good-humoredman in the way he judged food, wine andChampagne. He never asked us how thewine was made, how the blend was com-posed, what the dosage of the blend was.The only thing he wanted to know was,'Is it the best of the best?' I am sure thatas a knowledgeable man, he knew [theupdated type] was a blend of the bestgraces of the best years. Sir Winston wascertlainly quick to savor the wit of thechardonnay and character of the pinotnoir as we, at Pol Roger, have alwaysrefused to incorporate pinot meuniergrapes in our vintage wines. The 1979 wasof such quality that we were able tocreate the Cuvee Sir Winston: whilstbeing secretive about its composition,may we just say that it is of the samecellar master's art, combining traditionand quality, but with that little somethingextra. This Cuvee is our modest tributeto the man who had the happy gift ofblending tradition with the 'musts' ofthe day. He could even have imagined ithimself."

USED STAMPS FOR CHARITYMiramar, Florida-The. William Kretch-man Post #730 of the Jewish War Vet-erans collect and distribute stamps to hos-pitalized veterans, the handicapped, shut-ins and youth. The Kretchman Post hasasked the Society to pass along theirrequest for stamps —definitives, commem-oratives, whatever —from your incoming

Pol Roger Cuvee Sir Winston 79

mail, which they hope you will sendthem, instead of throwing away. Pleasemail stamps to Mr. Martin Kaufman,6911 S.W. 27th Street, Miramar FL33023.

NEW EDITION OF A138(b)Avenel, New Jersey - Publisher's CentralBureau, the nation's largest mail orderbookseller, announces a new edition ofThe American Civil War by Winston S.Churchill, Woods A138(b), published byFairfax House, at only $7.58 postpaid.The work is approximately the same sizeas the original, published by Cassell/London and Dodd, Mead/USA, firsteditions of which sell for about $15-25.The new edition (the second American)contains all illustrations and the sametext as the original. You may obtain acopy by ordering number #467798from Publishers Central, 1 ChampionAvenue, Avenel, New Jersey 07131.

N. Z. OPTS FOR "DALLAS"Wellington, N. Z.~New Zealand's PrimeMinister David Lange, hoping to mendfences over his refusal to allow Americannaval vessels to dock at New Zealandports, had this comment on the UnitedStates' withholding of intelligence infor-mation as a consequence: "We can livewith that. If the U. S. really wanted toattack us, they would cut off Dallas andThe A-Team." On which matters, twoobservations: ( l ) I t is a shame that somany American TV exports are designedto portray Americans as shallow capi-talists; with the exception of "Miss Ellie,"there is not an admirable character inDallas, though at least the A-Team hasMr. T! (2) Whatever the arguments onthe debate, it is sad that such disagree-ments should be allowed to obtain amongEnglish-SpeaJdng Peoples in whom SirWinston had such implicit faith.

VESTED INTERESTToronto -Kenneth B. Smith, past presi-dent of the Hastings and Prince EdwardRegimental Officers Association, recentlytold the Globe & Mail a humorousanecdote: Robert Morrison of B Com-pany was on roving duty one evening atChartwell in the summer of 1941 whenhe saw the PM, who had gotten awayfrom London for one of those rare week-ends at his country home. Morrisonsaluted. "Why didn't you challenge me,Canada?," Churchill growled. "I knowwho you are, sir," replied Morrison."Oh, how do you know me?," asked thePM. "By your cigar, bald head, doublechin, short neck and fat belly, sir,"answered Morrison. "But don't forget theGermans have bald ipen with short necksand fat bellies who smoke cigars," saidChurchill. "You're right sir," answered

Morrison, "but they would do up thebottom button on the vest." Morrison'slogic "delighted the Prime Minister, whowent chuckling into the twilight."

Smith's account drew further commentfrom ICS member Col. Strome Gallowayof Ottawa: "The young Canadian soldierwas very perceptive to realize thatEnglishmen, but not Germans, leave un-done the bottom button of their waist-coats (not 'vests,' which in England meansundershirts) . . . When King Edward VIIbecame so paunchy he could not do upthe bottom button of his waistcoat, andhad to appear in public before his tailorcould make the necessary adjustments,his entourage immediately undid theirsso as to follow the new Royal fashion.

"Unlike the clever sentry, I did not seeChurchill during my spell of guard dutyat Chartwell. But I remembered howthrilled we were when we passed a windowon our rounds and, looking inside, sawtwo of the great man's low-crowned'plug' hats on a chintz window seat . . .Churchill loved hats. What a pity he re-fused to accept the dukedom offered himby King George VI. He would have lookednoble indeed wearing a duke's coronet atthe Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.He probably never thought of that. Toobad. It would have put a cap on a veryheady career."

FIRE AND VISIONWashington-Writes Time in a profile ofU. S. Defense Secretary Caspar Wein-berger, an Hon. Member of the Society:"Cap Weinberger has lionized WinstonChurchill all his adult life. He has col-lected and read his published works, andhe frequently quotes the wartime BritishPrime Minister . . . He has gone to thetrouble of acquiring a canvas by Chur-chill. [At Westminster College in 1982],though he employs a speechwriting staffof four, Weinberger insisted on writingmuch of the speech himself, includingits most memorable passage: 'We areperhaps in danger of becoming a nationof ascetic systems analysts, without theglowing fire and the vision and the abilityto inspire that Churchill possessed in suchfull measure.'" (For the full text ofSecretary Weinberger's speech see FH#40, pages 10-1.1.)

ONE, TWO,MANY CHURCHILL LIBRARIESNew Hampshire-I wish to clarify thatmy bequest on my Churchill book col-lection to our Literary Foundation for aChurchill Library (FHf46 p.5) does notpreclude others from doing likewise. Oneof my modest goals is to see ChurchillLibraries established in Boston, Toronto,New York, Philadelphia, Washington,Atlanta, Houston, Chicago, LA, Montreal

and San Francisco. That will take morethan just one collection!

I think it's wonderful that the Chur-chill Memorial Trust is allowing a studentto cycle through China, a housewife tostudy European folk costumes, and anentomologist to research South Americaninsects (FH#46 p.5). But I don't think itwould do any harm for our organizationto sponsor some good acts a bit less farafield. These Churchill Libraries shouldcontain all WSC's book-length titles inboth first edition form and reading copies,plus a plentiful assortment' of booksabout Churchill, his life and timer. TheChurchill Literary Foundation welcomesall bequests along these lines. -Editor

NEMON MAQUETTE AT SOTHEBY'SLondon —A maquette for the bust ofChurchill executed by Oscar Nemon forHer Majesty The Queen (now at WindsorCastle) was recently auctioned at Sothe-by's and is reputedly being offered tocollectors by the purchaser. The item wasoriginally the provenance of M. C. H.Walter. In a letter dated 1980 Mr. Nemonstated that "Sir Winston regarded thisgesture by the Queen of commissioninghis sculpture for one of the Royal palacesmore of an honour than even the confer-ring of the Knighthood of the Garter."

2Z

o

The Nemon maquette

SIR DONALD BAILEYBournemouth, Dorset, 5 May -The inven-tor of the Bailey Bridge that played acrucial role in the Allied victory 40 yearsago died this day aged 83. Sir Donald'smovable bridge was used to carry troops,tanks and guns over rivers and gorges andin the landings at Normandy; it came inlight steel units and was easily carried bya few men. It has since been used incountless civilian applications. "Withoutthe Bailey Bridge," said FM ViscountMontgomery, "we should not have won."Bailey, who spent much of his boyhoodmaking model bridges from bits of woodand string, was modest about his achieve-ment, saying it was "just part of his job"as a civil engineer. —Reuters

WSC SILHOUETTESBasingstoke, Hampshire -Member Eliza-beth Baverstock created a silhouette ofSir Winston in 1975. "I gave one to Win-ston Churchill, MP and to Mrs. Thatcher.I often show it at exhibitions and havesold many paperweights. If anyone isinterested, the silhouette is hand-made,my own original and signed. It sells in aglass paperweight at £1 7.50 (postfree UKonly) or on card to frame at £8 (postfreeworldwide)." [Editor's note: anyoneordering from abroad should contact Mrs.Baverstock about mailing costs and dollarconversions: 2 Sandy Lane, PamberHeath, Basingstoke, Hants. RG26 6PA.]

A NEW CHURCHILL SHRINEFreshwater, Isle of Wight - ICS LifeMember W. T. Perkins, MIERE, is restor-ing and opening to the public Golden HillFort, Freshwater, one of the so-calledPalmer-ston Follies, which another ICSmember, Lord Montagu of Beaulieu,officially opened on 4 May. Mr. Perkinsis employing a staff of 1 2 and has acceptedtenancies for over 45 arts and craftspeople, hoping to create new jobs whichthe Isle of Wight needs. Mr. Perkins isdevoting five rooms as a military museum,and hopes to make one of these a "Chur-chill Room," with photographs andartifacts of the Great Man. He would bemost grateful for any photos or displayitems which members may be able todonate or loan for exhibit. Anyone whocan help should write Mr. Perkins at 188Seafront, Hayling Island, HampshirePO11 9HT.

"I worked at the Admiralty during thewar when Sir Winston was First Lord,"writes Mr. Perkins, "and for a time myoffice was in Nelson's room, a holy ofholies. There was a small gold plaque inthe chimney breast with the words, 'Nel-son was laid here the evening before hisburial at Westminster.' Many times therewould be a gentle knock on the door andin would come an officer of one of theAllied Navies, saying, "Please may I paymy respects to Nelson?" They wouldstand quietly to attention and salute thatgold plaque. I often thought that in timeof battle they would think of Nelsonagain."

BLUE PLAQUE FOR NUMBER 28London, 5 May-S,'u Winston's Kensing-ton home has qualified for one of thecoveted blue china plaques that markLondon's historic houses. The unveiling,before some 180 guests, was hosted byMrs. Leonard Simpson, the current resi-dent, and included Princess Alexandraand her husband, the Earl of Stockton(who spoke), Lord and Lady Soames, Mr.& Mrs. Winston S. Churchill and numerousmembers of the family, young and old.Other notables were Lord Blandford, SirJohn Colville and Miss Grace Hamblin.

Woodford was represented by three ofthe surviving Constituency chairmencovering the period when Mr. Churchillwas Member for that Division. In fact hewas the only Member ever for Woodford:when he retired and Mr. Patrick Jenkinwas adopted, the Division became Wan-stead & Woodford. Present was MajorAshley Healey, who fought in everyGeneral Election campaign from 1929,

Right: At 28 Hyde ParkGate are (l-rj: EmmaSoames, Charlotte Ham-bro, Lord Soames, LordStockton, Lady Soames,Winston S. Churchill MP,Mrs. Minnie Churchill,Jenny and Marina Chur-chill, Lady Avon.

Below: Golden Hill Fort

when the larger Division was known asEpping.

We were informed that the date of theceremony had nothing to do with VEDay. A plaque cannot be affixed to abuilding in the Greater London area until20 years after the honoured one's death.

-Donald L. Forbes,Woodford Green, Essex

ERRATAFH #46 page 7: The poem is from

Departmental [not Dopartmental] Ditties.FH #45 page 1 5: The lower poem was

by Longfellow, and carried by WSC aswell as Randolph Churchill, but it wasti.ot written by Barbara Twiggs as stated.

BUBBLY FOR THE GILBERTSLontion, 6 June - A bottle of Pol RogerSir Winston Churchill Cuve'e 1975 was de-livered with compliments of ICS to Mar-tin and Susie Gilbert "to help celebrateyour completion of the manuscript toVolume VII, Road to Victory. We hopeyou will put this to good use with ActionThis Day.

"This is just a small token of thanks,not only for your unending labours onthe work, but your convincing the pub-lishers that one 1942-65 volume was notenough!"

Martin Gilbert writes us, "A thousandthanks for your magnificent gift. It ar-rived on exactly the right day, and I amespecially grateful for your includingSusie in your congratulations." SusieGilbert has been Martin's good right handthrough millions of words of the officialbiography, and is still proofing "Road toVictory" (Vol VII) as you read this.

Our thanks to Geoffrey Wheeler forhandling the arrangements.

SocietyNews

NEW MEMBERSThe following have joined since our

membership list in issue #46. As usual,you may obtain full addresses from yournearest ICS membership office.

CanadaAlberta: Calgary, W. A. Howard; Falher, Roy

Angus Mitchell; Lamont, Dr. John G.Sunley

British Columbia: New Westminster, Dr. ArthurLien; White Rock, Dr. James Quayle; Van-couver, Frank Bernard, W. H. Berukoff,W. J. Borrie, Hubert O. Chapman, DenisW. H. Creighton, H. S. Haslam, Larry T.Mcauley, E. James McNeney, Erick H. Mor-gan, H. A. D. Oliver QE, Lome Sinclair,Leslie A. Strike, M. A. Walker

Ontario: Ottawa, Col. Strome Galloway.

United KingdomBerks: Thatcham, Anthony MilsomBucks: Gt. Missenden, Kathleen Hill;* Leck-

hampstead, B. R. LawrenceEssex: Ramsden, Colin Alfred Spencer; Wood-

ford, D. L. ForbesGlos: Cheltenham, Richard Hough, Mrs. J. E.

WilliamsIsle of Wight: Keith J. Lyon JPKent: Folkestone, Miss Doreen Pugh; Seven-

oaks, Mrs. M. Green; Tunbridge, Walter S.Osborne

London: Neil Hughes-Onslow, Miss RosalindB.Okin, Jeffrey Young JP

Midlsx: Harrow SchoolOxon: Bicester, R.W. J. Price; Boars Hill,

P. Churchill; Oxford, Dr. J .A . Chambers;Watlington, Sir John Martin*; Woodstock,M. R. Niner; Yarnton, Dr. K. Lumsden

Scotland: Glasgow, Jas. BellshawTyne&Wear: Nwcstle, D. InglesfieldSussex: Arundel, T. CawteWales: Swansea, Eric R. Jones

United StatesMA: Georgetown, Paul S. KingNH: Newbury, Chas. Sandeen;Concord, Jerome

BermanVT: Bellows Falls, Duane WhiteheadCT: Cheshire, Albert Sherman; Ridgefield,

Howard Walzer: N. Grosvenordale. RichardCarreno; Groton, John McCaffery

NJ: Ft. Lee, Gerald Lechter; Basking Ridge,Charles Menagh; Rutherford, Anthony Lan-cia; Bridgewater, Richard C. Evans

NY:-NY, Frederick Wildman & Sons, GlennHorowitz; Kings Point, Ron Barton; Elm-hurst, Mark Grimsich

PA: Haverford, Edwin RothmanMD: Chevy Chase, J. U. DeFrancis, R. E.

Hartland; Bethesda, Sen. Bob Packwood

VA: Richmond, Miss Evelyn PhaupSC: Kingstree, Elizabeth NavarroAL: Birmingtham, Frank C. MarshallIN: Liberty, Judge J. S. ShepardWI: Silver Lake, Paul Konicek; Milwaukee,

Wm. P. StraubMN: Maplewood, Sandra DvorskyIL: Chicago, Paul Kaplan; Savannah, Walter I

ShrakeMO: Kansas City, John CozadLA: New Orleans, Lee SchlesingerTX: Dallas, Mrs. Michael GottliebAZ: Phoenix, Theodore L. HumesCA: Claremont, Dr. Harry V. Jaffa; Newport

Beach, Jack Thomas; Placentia, William I.Freeman; Hawthorne, E. P. O'Brien

OR: Eugene, Robert L. Brown, Robin E.Steussy

WA: Kirkland, Kirby A. Wilbur

IrelandCo. Cork, Kilbrattan, Peter Bologna

Apologies to Sir Edward Chilton ofHenley, Oxon., England, whom weinadvertently left off the recent list.

*Sir John Martin is a former privatesecretary to Sir Winston, and KathleenHill was his indispensible secretary duringthe 1930s and afterward. They are amongseveral former members of Sir Winston'sstaff 'vho have lately joined us.

NEW LIFE MEMBERSUK: Essex, Colin Alfred SpencerUSA: NH, Richard M. Langworth

Note: Life membership will go up fromUS $225 to US $250 or the equivalent inJanuary. If you are considering it, now isthe best time. For US citizens, $175 istax-deductible. Contact your nearest ICSoffice to make arrangements for install-ment paying, which is also welcome.

NOTE TO UK MEMBERSWe are advised by our UK branch that

Royal Doulton chinaware is much lessexpensive in Britain than in export mar-kets, and in fact the new china statuettenoted by ICS Stores in our last issue will

' be available to UK members locally foronly £49 plus post. The UK branch willbe bringing further details on this; mean-while we urge British members interestedin Royal Doulton products to contactGeoff Wheeler.

UK BRANCH ANNUALGENERAL MEETING

The meeting was held at the HospitalityInn, London on Saturday 18 May 1985.Present were AGM chairman GeoffreyWheeler, co-director Peter Coombs, andmembers E. Baverstock, D. Bolsover, Mr.& Mrs. P. Churchill, D. H. Compton,H. E. Crooks, J. Frost, R. G. G. Hasalm-Hopwood, K.W. Katch, K. Hill, M. J.Lainchbury, G. E. H. Maggs, A. Milsom,E. Murray, W. S. Osborne, W. T. Perkins^H. A. Redburn, C. A. Spencer, L. L.'Thomas and M. Wybrow, plus 15 guests.Apologies were received from all UKHonorary Members and from 25 regularmembers.

The chairman introduced himsfelf andPeter Coombs, welcomed guests includingGrace Hamblin, Kathleen Hill and MajorHill, and ICS members. The Minutes ofthe previous meeting on 19 May 1984were confirmed and signed as a correctcopy. The following are Minutes of the1985 meeting.

Finance All members were presentedwith a balance sheet and the Chairmanconfirmed that the credit balance was at17 May was £1354.40. The Accountswere checked by Michael Wybrow andKeith Hatch, confirmed and signed.

Membership GJW reported that UKmembership in ICS was 22 in 1983, 52 in1984 and at the present time 83 [it hassince increased to 111—Ed.] EdmundMurray proposed a vote of thanks toMessrs. Wheeler and Coombs for theirhard work in increasing membership.Members were asked for their coopera-tion to increase membership still furtherin the coming year.

Churchill's England Tour Peter Coombsgave a detailed report concerning thevisit by American and Canadian membersfor 16-26 September 1985. It was con-firmed that UK members would be cir-culated in due course with full detailsof the tour itinerary and that they wouldbe able to join the tour for certain visits.

Venue and Date of Next AGM It wasagreed that the Cup Final Day should beavoided for 1986 and that, if possible, themeeting should be brought forward oneweek. Discussion concerned the possibilityof a different venue next year; Chartwelland Harrow School were suggested. Itwas agreed that the two directors shouldinvestigate ideas, but that owing to thefact that members reside in widely dif-ferent parts of the country a central loca-tion was of prime importance.

Other Business1. The opinion was expressed that

Finest Hour had improved as far as UKmembers were concerned. The magazinewas not now so commercially motivated,but it was felt there was still room for im-provement. The hope was expressed thatmore contributions from the UK could beprovided and included in the quarterlymagazine, although the provision of anarticle from one UK member had notbeen included.

2. A suggestion was made and agreedthat it would be a nice gesture to providefor the American/Canadian tour mem-bers, a display of UK members' personalChurchill related items.

3. Edmund Murray expressed his opin-ion that with so many portraits, sculptureetc. being produced for sale, one shouldbe very selective concerning items in-cluded in the quarterly magazine andthose purchased by individual collectors,as the likeness to Sir Winston, particularlyto those who had known him personally,was not always good.

4. Members were unanimous in agree-ment that every endeavor should be madeto recruit young people to ICS member-ship. It was confirmed that Harrow Schoolwas a corporate member but that aneffort should be made to interest theyounger generation, and in particularpupils of Harrow. Edmund Murray con-firmed his willingness to lecture there.Peter Coombs and Richard Haslam-Hop-wood agreed to liaise in this matter.

5. Peter Coombs mentioned an idea heintended to put to the chairman, ICS,that Mrs. Baverstock's silhouette of SirWinston could be made into an interestingChristmas card. Members would be keptinformed of this.

6. The Loyal Toast was proposed byGeoffrey Wheeler, Peter Coombs pro-posed the Toast to the InternationalChurchill Society, and Edmund Murrayundertook the Toast to Absent Friends.

7. Grace Hamblin and Richard Hilltold delightfully amusing stories concern-ing Sir Winston and Wilfred Perkinstalked about his purchase of Golden HillFort on the Isle of Wight, in which heintends to include a Churchill Room.Edmund Murray gave an interesting audio-visual presentation,"Around the Worldwith Churchill."

The meeting closed as approximately5PM and was followed by the showing ofthe films "1946 Victory Parade," "Cham-pion of Freedom" and the "1965 Lyingin State and State Funeral."

LITERARY FOUNDATION PROGRESSThe Churchill Literary Foundation

pledge campaign (see issue #47 pages 6-10) is off to a flying start with manypledges coming in. We know this is theworst time of the year to be asking youto think about expensive charitable con-tributions, but please try to join the ranksof our supporters. Refer to the last issue.And please accept our thanks.

BOARD BUSINESS1. Your Board of Directors has con-

firmed that there will be no increase inthe subscription rates for regular member-ship and that Finest Hour will continueto be sent by airmail to all membersoutside North America except in direcircumstances. "Dire" means a very heavyissue, which we may have hand-carried toLondon for local posting there. If thatfails we may on occasion send a heavyissue surface. But in either case, membersoutside North America will be notifiedvia a supplemental newssheet that a heavyissue is coming. The sheet would alsocontain any information of timely impor-tance, and would be mailed first class inthe UK and Australia. There is no suchheavy issue in the offing at present.

2. The Board has decided to winddown the ICS auction with one final listof auction items. This is because oflimited participation by both buyers and

ICS Annual General MeetingParker House, Boston, Mass., November 1-3 1985

REGISTER NOW FOR A MEMORABLE OCCASION

An exciting program: two banquet din-ners and a luncheon, displays of Churchil-liana, an opportunity to socialize with fellowmembers from near and far. Friday night'sHarvard Club dinner speaker is James Humes,speechwriter to three U. S. presidents, who willprovide "An Evening With Churchill" throughhis dramatic impersonation of WSC. Our Satur-day night Parker House speaker is still "shroudedin impenetrable mystery"—but you will bedisappointed,-after you learn who it is, if youhave missed him—or her. . . .

Don't put it off!

Because of the large number of reser-vations, we have been able to extend ourprice of $95 indefinitely to anyone at-tending our international convention onNovember 1-3 next. The fee includes twobanquet dinners with guest speakers anda luncheon, and all expenses (program,keepsakes, etc.) connected with theevents at the Parker House, Boston. Ifyou have not yet registered, please con-siderVit now and send your check to ICS,268 Canterbury Road, Westfield, NJ07090 USA.

sellers and the extensive amount of workrequired. As ever, members are encouragedto use free classified advertisements tolist their wants, swaps or items for sale.

Several asked if Sir Winston ever wore an all-white outfit, as depicted by Royal Doulton 'snew statuette (page 27). We found the proof,but are pleased we were not present on thisoccasion when, we should judge, someone hadapparently misplaced the Pol Roger. . .

WSC's "Architectural Determinism"Try the Seating Arrangement Theory of History

MANY senatorsare so impatientfor the rectifica-tion of the world'sills that they havenot taken time tonotice that theUnited States Sen-ate itself needssome attention.However, DanQuale has noticedand has some pro-posals,'to which Iadd this one: Rearrange the furniture onthe Senate floor.

Quayle is in the fifth of what will be,if God is willing and Indiana is wise,many terms in the Senate. A lissomeyoung Republican of 37, he looks 27, andduring his 1980 campaign he was accused— yes, accused —of looking unfairly likeRobert Redford. When will the FederalElection Commission issue regulations tocorrect the unfairness of candidates notlooking equally splendid?-

Quayle has a number of ideas to im-prove two things: the conduct of businesson the Senate floor and the committeesystem in which most Senate business isdone. He would reform the rules govern-ing the Senate floor to make it moredifficult —it is now simple —for one mem-ber to bring the Senate to a standstill bydilatory devices, such as frivolous amend-ments, filibusters, etc. And he wouldreduce the size of committees and thenumber of subcommittees.

If the Senate is to be what it is pleasedto be called —"world's greatest delibera-tive body" —it must be disposed to, andable to, deliberate. But deliberation takestime and a certain rhythm of institutionallife. Deliberative senators cannot live likedray horses in harness, driven by stafffrom one hearing to another. But for 30years, the number of senators has re-mained constant as has the number ofhours in the day. Neither number is aptto change soon. The number of com-mittees and especially subcommittees hasgrown rapidly as senators have soughtnew opportunities to hire staff and makenews.

When Jim Buckley left the Senateafter one term representing New Yorkfrom 1971 -76, he said the work load haddoubled during his six years. One reasonthe load is so heavy is the proliferation of

subcommittees. That has multiplied theburdens of the executive branch. WhenWilliam Ruckelshaus first served as headof the Environmental Protection Agency15 years ago, he had to report to 15committees and subcommittees. When hereturned to that job in 1983, the numberwas 44.

Quayle's ideas are sound but not suf-ficient. The Senate should rearrange itsdesks and chairs, for reasons first citedby Winston Churchill.

When a German bomb destroyedthe British House of Commons, thechamber could have been rebuilt alongvarious lines. But Churchill insisted thatits traditional physical features be re-produced because they sustained partic-ular political principles.

He wanted the chamber to be oblongwith benches on two sides and facingeach other, rather than with individualseats arranged in a semi-circle. And hewas adamant that the chamber be onlybig enough to seat about two-thirds ofthe members. He warned against "semi-circular assembles with buildings that giveto every member not only a seat to sitin but often a desk to write at, with a lidto bang" —a description of the Senate.

Churchill believed that the oblongshape was "a very potent factor in ourpolitical life" because it buttresses therule of two durable and disciplinedparties. Semicircular assemblies, he said,encourage loose assemblages of lessergroups in constantly shifting coalitions ofweak principles. He said the semicircularassembly encourages "the group system"because it does nothing to encourageparty identification, party discipline andclarity of principle. He said a strong two-party system and a government capableof vigorous action is nurtured by an ob-long chamber. The physical fact of con-frontation concentrates minds on thereality of two competing blocs, and theact of voting with the other side becomesmore momentous.

Churchill thought a legislative chambershould be so small that it cannot containall its members without overcrowding.Otherwise, almost all debates will beconducted in the dispiriting, trivializingatmosphere of an almost empty cham-ber. He thought good legislative rhetoricshould be conversational, not haranguing,and the conversational style requires asmall space. Furthermore, on great

. occasions, crowding gives a sense ofurgency.

It will be said that Americans shouldnot want the Senate to sit in a smallerchamber —with, say, 50 chairs 25 to aside —because party cohesion and con-versational, cut-and-thrust rhetoric arenot important to American goals. Butperhaps they should be. And Churchill'stheory —call it architectural determinismor the Seating Arrangement Theory ofHistory—is easier to ridicule than refute.

"Culturally, he represents the triumphof philistinism in the American media.There is the tiresome Anglophilia, whichis a common American confusion for cul-tivation; a recent ad shows him at hisdesk, a cup of tea and a copy of theLondon Times before him . . . "

— Washington Diarist Leon WieseltierThe New Republic, 15 April 1985

"Last week's diarist had several com-plaints against Will. . . He doesn't likehis study, his books, his artifacts, hismementos, because these things smack tohim of pretentious Anglophilia. Well, Idon't think it is pretentious for, say,an American Jew like me or last week'sdiarist to adorn his office with Israelibooks, artifacts and memorabilia. Whatis wrong with surrounding oneself withtokens of one's scholarly interests andphilosophical commitments?"

— "Washington DiaristCharles Krauthammer

The New Republic, 22 April 1985

We mention this New Republic brou-haha because we recognized, from News-week 'sads with Mr. Will in his study, bothThe Second World War and the OfficialBiography on Mr. Will's shelves. Thesewere no doubt much easier for Mr. "Wie-seltier to spot than the title of the news-paper on Mr. Will's desk or the substanc§in his teacup. But one must be watchfulto ferret out these invidious, pretentiousAnglophiles . . .

George F. Will is a syndicated colum-nist with the Washington Post, a contri-_buting editor of Newsweek, and a televi-sion analyst appearing on ABC News. Amember of ICS for several years, Mr. Willalludes often to WSC. This columncourtesy Mr. Will. © 1985, WashingtonPost Writers Group, reprinted with per-mission.

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Looking afterChartwellNIGEL LEWIS FINDS OUT HOW TOKEEP THE CHURCHILLIAN TOUCHJEAN BROOME TOOK OVER the day-to-dayrunning of Chartwell at the end of 1973.Her predecessor as administrator, GraceHamblin, had lived in a flat at the top of thehouse; but Jean and her husband, Brian,decided not to live 'above the shop'. In-stead, they and their four children movedfrom nearby Oxted to a house on Chart-well's eighty acres. Every weekday morningBrian, an advertising executive with apublishing company, commutes to London,while Jean has only to open what Brianwryly calls 'the factory gate'.

Chartwell, of course, no more resemblesa factory than its rolling English parkland,lawns, and gardens resemble the 'wilder-ness' of Churchill's years out of office, whenhe was contemplating the Nazi threat. But itis very busy - averaging 155,000 visitors ayear, it has been near the top of the

National Trust league since it opened as aTrust property in 1966. Visitors since thenhave included Henry Kissinger, MargaretThatcher (in 1976), and the late John Wayne,who admired the medals Sir Winston hadwon for his shorthorn cattle.

Beautiful as it is, Chartwell cannot com-pare as an aesthetic treasure house withother Trust properties; visitors come,rather, in the spirit of pilgrims to a political,patriotic shrine. The association with SirWinston is everything, and Jean Broomesees an important part of her job as theguardianship at Chartwell of Churchill taste,spirit, and overall 'feel'. Her training inChartwell tradition by Grace Hamblin, whoworked for the Churchills from 1931, wassupplemented by visits from the widowedLady Churchill. 'She would come when thedaffodils were at their best, or the roses in

' \

early July (we're rather late with roses) ' . . .True to Churchill's own wishes, there is aginger cat, Jock, on the premises; for manyyears the golden orfe in the fish-pond werefed on maggots supplied by a Yorkshire firmapproved by Sir Winston; in the garden, thebuddleias are tended with Churchill's be-loved butterflies in mind. Inside the house,wood fires are laid - when I was there, onewas burning in the study. In another room,the cushion on Sir Winston's preferred chairis kept rumpled, as if Sir Winston had justvacated it. 'Visitors', says Mrs Broome,'feel it's a private house, and that theChurchills could come back at any minute.'

Fresh flowersThe grounds are tended by five gardenersled,, by Mick Boakes, who was likewisetrained in the Churchillian taste - by SirWinstbn's head gardener, Victor Vincent.Every (Tuesday and Saturday, fresh flowersare cut from the gardens and greenhousesand arranged - on alternate Saturdays, byGrace Hamblin - just as Lady Churchillliked them. Most daily upkeep - new lamp-shades, and the like - is handled by thehousekeeper, Pam Botley, and the care-taker, Barry Knowles (who does live 'abovethe shop'). For bigger maintenance jobs-likethe current problems with the 1949 muralin the garden house - Mrs Broome goes toher regional director, Arland Kingston, atScotney Castle.

Chartwell is in the 'special trust' cat-egory, and in recent years its earnings,ploughed back into the estate, have beensupplemented by the Chartwell restaurant(excellent, by the way). That's another ofthe administrator's areas of responsibility.There are plans for expansion on the restaur-ant side - Christmas lunches, for example:Chartwell stays open until 30 November,Sir Winston's birthday, unusually late for aTrust property.

Jean memorably describes her job as 'across between estate management and showbusiness'. From 1 March, there's the streamof visitors from all over the world; then,after November, the thorough 'Spring'cleaning, when everything is dusted,polished, repaired, stored, ready for nextyear's opening - dust sheets everywhere -except in the winter of 1981/82, whenSouthern Television made 'The WildernessYears'. That winter a Churchillian RobertHardy paced the rooms - on one occasion inSir Winston's own monogrammed slippers -and a plastic tree (the replica of a real one,cut down on Lady Churchill's orders) wasset up in the garden.

From plastic trees to flower arranging,Jean Broome's is an immensely detailedand varied job which she enjoys just asimmensely. In eight years she retires, andshe wonders, with a happy laugh, 'whether Ican keep it up!' but one doesn't take her tooseriously. 'I'm still awed,' she says, 'to thinkof the people who've passed through thishouse.' And she adds: 'I feel very fortunateto have a key.'

Nigel Lewis is a freelance writer andjournalist

Jean Broome, the Administrator, at Chartwell(D. Pearman)

Churchill's England16-26th September 1985

Philadelphia Inquiref/QAVID MILNE

"Our story centres on an island, not widely sundered from the Continent,and so tilted that its mountains lie all to the west and north, while the south and east is a gently undulating

landscape of wooded valleys, open downs, and slow rivers. It is very accessible to the invader,whether he comes in peace or war, as pirate or merchant, conqueror or missionary.

Those who dwell there are not insensitive to any shift of power, any change of faith, or even fashion, on themainland, but they give to every practice, every doctrine that comes to it

from abroad, its own peculiar turn and imprint. A province of the Roman Empire, cut off and leftto sink or swim in the great convulsion of the Dark Ages; reunited to Christendom, and almost torn away from

it once more by the heathen Dane; victorious, united, but exhausted, yielding, almost withoutresistance, to the Norman Conqueror; submerged, it might seem, within the august

framework of Catholic feudalism, was yet capable of reappearing with an individuality of its own."— W. S. C, "History of the English-Speaking Peoples," Volume I

"There are two main characteristics of the House of Com-mons . . . The first is that its shape should be oblong and notsemicircular . . . Logic, which has created in so many countriessemicircular assemblies with buildings that give to every Member,not only a' seat to sit in, but often a desk to write at, with alid to bang, has proved fatal to Parliamentary Government aswe know it . . . The second characteristic is that it should not bebig enough to contain all its Members at once without over-crowding. [If it was], nine-tenths of its Debates will be con-ducted in an almost empty Chamber . . . There should be ongreat occasions a sense of crowd and urgency . . . "

-WSC, Speech to the House, 28 October 1943

LEFT: Churchill and Brendan Bracken survey the ruins of theHouse of Commons Chamber after the air raid of 10 May 1941.The new House, complected 1950, was rebuilt exactly accordingto WSC's specifications. * N

"My dear Mrs. Neville:"I am most obliged to you for taking my advice. I can't bear

to think of Neville, while still recovering from a major operation,being under this continued bombardment in London. He mustgive himself a decent chance to recover full efficiency. . . .

"I should like to let you know that I do not think much willbe left of Downing Street after a few weeks. I am having allthe Government pictures and the few odd daubs we possessdumped in the vaults of the National Gallery . . . I propose tolead a troglodyte existence with several 'trogs'."

- WSC to Mrs. Neville Chamberlain, 20 September 1940

LEFT: Renewed in 1983 after major renovation, the CabbetWar Rooms are just as they were when last used in August 1945;115 War Cabinet meetings occurred here.

"The years from 1931 to 1935, apart from my anxiety onpublic affairs, were personally very pleasant to me . . . I producedin succession the various volumes of the Life of Maryborough.I meditated constanty upon the European situation and therearming of Germany. I lived mainly at Chartwell, where I hadmuch to amuse me. I built with my own hands a large part oftwo cottages and extensive kitchen-garden walls, and made allkinds of rockeries and waterworks and a large swimming-poolwhich was filtered to limpidity and could be heated to supple-ment our fickle sunshine. Thus I never had a dull or idle momentfrom morning till midnight, and with my happy family aroundme dwelt at peace within my habitation."

-WSC, "The Gathering Storm," 1948LEFT: Chartwell Manor.

"We had a very pleasant fly over and passed fairly close toLullenden. I could follow the road through Croydon andCaterham quite easily. We came down at Lympne Aero-drome . . . " - WSC to his wife, 10 August 1918

LEFT: Churchill bought the part-Elizabethan Lullenden Manorin the Spring 1917 for £6000 (£1000 more than he would payfor Chartwell), which he raised by selling stock and a war bond.The family lived here until they bought Chartwell in 1922; WSCspent many weekends here as Minister of Munitions, and LloydGeorge visited Lullenden on 29 July 1918.

"I am now off to Hoe Farm . . . How I wish you cd be there.It really is a delightful valley and the garden gleams with sum-mer jewelry. We live vy simply—but with all the essentials of lifewell understood & well provided for —hot tubs, cold champagne,new peas, & old brandy."

-WSC to his brother Jack, 19 June 1915

RIGHT: The Churchills holidayed at Hoe Farm in 1915, and itwas here that "the muse of painting" took hold of Winston.

"The Session is over on Saturday but I do not think I shallwait for the end of it. I expect to go to Warwick on Friday fortwo or three days thence to Blenheim . . . and on the 25th Ishall be at Dunrobin. We must try to see something of eachother in Scotland . . . "

- WSC to Lady Randolph Churchill, 12 August 1903

Warwick Castle, which often entertained Winston and hisparents, is one of the finest medieval fortresses in England,though it has seen little battle, most of that during the CivilWars. The walls, towers and hall date from the 14th Century;the gardens were laid out in the 18th Century by the creator ofBlenheim, "Capability" Brown. Until recently the castle was inpart privately occupied; a Victorian waxwork party with familiarpersonalities now occupies the private apartments.RIGHT: Young Winston, a photograph circa 1908.

"The whole region is as rich in history as in charm; for theantiquity of Woodstock is not measured by a thousand years,and Blenheim is heir to all the memories of Woodstock. HereKings —Saxon, Norman and Plantagenet — have held their Courts.Ethelred the Unready, Alfred the Great, Queen Eleanor, theBlack Prince loom in vague majesty out of the past . . . Fromthe gatehouse of the old manor the imprisoned Princess Elizabethwatched the years of Mary's persecution. In the tumults of theCivil Wars Woodstock House was held for King Charles by anintrepid officer through a long and bitter siege . . . "

- WSC, "Lord Randolph Churchill, "1906

RIGHT: The Spencer Aisle in Yarnton Church.

"I had accumulated in those years so fine a surplus in theBank of Observance that I have been drawing confidently uponit ever since. Weddings, christenings, and funerals have broughtin a steady annual income, and I have never made too closeenquiries about the state of my account. It might well even bethat I should find an overdraft."

- WSC, "My Early Life," 1930

RIGHT: Major John Spencer-Churchill, Sir Winston's nephew,lays the Society's wreath on WSC's grave, 20 January 1985,with the Rev. Gregory Page-Turner, Rector of Bladon andWoodstock, and members of the Society.

"I made the two most important decisions of my life at Blen-heim. One was to be born, and the other to marry. I have neverhad cause to regret either."

RIGHT: Built for John Churchill, First Duke of Marlborough, inrecognition of his great victory over the French, the Palace isset in over 2000 acres of parkland.

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• "V I "My idea of a good dinner is, first to have good food, then to1 1 ' I discuss good food, and after this good food has been elaborately• •• discussed, to discuss a good topic —with myself as chief conver-811511 sationalist."

LEFT: The Bear at Woodstock is one of the original coachinginns of Old England, and had been dispensing hospitality forover 500 years when Duke John built Blenheim.

"Providence has ordained that human beings should haveshort memories, and pain and anxiety are soon forgotten."

-WSC, House of Commons, 25 May 1911

LEFT: The grounds of^the late Oscar Nemon's studio at BoarsHill, Oxford, during the* visit of the Society in 1983. By kindpermission of Mrs. Nemon'twe are again the guests at this shrineof Churchilliana, amidst tHe splendid sculpture that this giftedinterpretor created over half a lifetime. Oscar Nemon, anHonorary Member of the International Churchill Society, mademore than 50 likenesses of Sir Winston. May we remembertoday his immortal contributions to our understanding ofWinston the man.

"George Washington holds one of the proudest titles thathistory can bestow. He was the Father of his Nation. Almostalone his staunchness in the War of Independence held theAmerican colonies to their united purpose. His services aftervictory had been won were not less great."

- WSC, "The Age of Revolution, "1957

LEFT: Sulgrave Manor, Northamptonshire, the home of GeorgeWashington's ancestors, is joint US-UK soil.

"History with its flickering lamp stumbles along the trail ofthe past, trying to reconstruct its scenes, to revive its echoes,and kindle with pale gleams the passion of former days."

— WSC, House of Commons, 12 November 1940

LEFT: Churchill College, Cambridge was Sir Winston's last enter-prise. He founded it because he knew that scientists and tech-nologists would be vital to his country in the years ahead.Here are stored the vast Churchill Archives, the most importantcollection of Churchill papers, with documents going as farback as the Battle of Blenheim.

"Nothing in the Rules of the Club shall interfere with therancour and asperity of party politics."

- WSC, Rule 12 of The Other Club, 1911

LEFT: Sir John Colville addressing us in the Pinafore Room,meetingplace of The Other Club since 1911, Savoy Hotel,1983. Churchill and F. E. Smith founded The Other Club whenit became obvious they'd been rejected by The Club, a vener-able institution founded in 1764 by Sir Joshua Reynolds. Smithand Churchill were considered too rambunctious, too outspokena pair of rising politicians to sully the portals of The Club, sothey set up a club of their own! It still meets today.

Stamp News: New Issues, Old Covers

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77je three forms of cover $25: the official cover, Churchill, Ontario; the Dominica version; the Smithsonian cancel limited edition.

ICS COVER #25: GERMANY SURRENDERS. YOURS FREE.On 8 May at Churchill, Ontario, Canada, we processed 200

copies of commemorative cover #25, marking the 40th Anni-versary of the end of the war in Europe. Stamps used werethe 1965 Canadian Churchill commemorative and a maple leafdefinitive. The cachet is the new ICS all-purpose thermo-engravedcover, overprinted with the words "Germany Surrenders" andthe date of the anniversary. A stuffer inside each cachet recountsthe Prime Minister's broadcast of the German surrender.

In addition, we processed 100 covers at Dominica, WestIndies, using the ideally appropriate Dominica 1974 Churchillcommemorative showing WSC and General Eisenhower reviewingtroops before the D-Day landings. This was accompanied by aDominica Girl Guides commemorative to make up the extrapostage. The cachet design was black-printed after receipt here.(Dominica refused to post a cacheted envelope and requiredthat our covers be blank except for the stamps. The same stufferas the Churchill, Ontario cover is inside.)

As usual, these covers are being offered free to any ICS mem-ber who writes me. USA members, please enclose a long, stampedself-addressed envelope to ease our postage costs. Please notethat cancellations vary in quality, and those who order earlyhave the best chance of obtaining the best cancels.

A third variation of this cover was processed as a failsafe atthe Smithsonian Institute in Washington. This uses the American1965 Churchill 54 commemorative and a 174 "electric car"definitive, and is cancelled with the heavy, ornate Smithsonianhandstamp. There were only 30 of these covers processed andthey too are available while the supply lasts.

Around mid-September, any covers we have not disposed ofwill be offered to the general philatelic community and thebalance will go to ICS Stores, so please order your free copiesnow. Note: we have opted not to produce a cover for all mem-bers and to mail them direct, as we had at times in the past. Ourincreasing membership, and the many non-philatelists who donot particularly want or need commemorative covers, make thispractice unnecessarily costly to the Society. We assure you thatwe will always strive to produce enough free covers so thatevery member who wants one receives one.

Please order all covers from me c/o 221 Pewter Lane, SilverSpring, Maryland 20904 USA.

—Dave Marcus

NEW ALL-PURPOSE ENVELOPES AVAILABLEFor the first time ICS can offer members the convenience of

an official all-purpose-use Churchill cacheted envelope forgeneral correspondence or collector purposes. The envelope is

standard 6W size, professional quality 24 pound paper stock,25% cotton fiber, watermarked florescent white bond, excel-lent for printed, penned or typed messages. The thermographedprinting is in green and red, sharply applied in raised letteringthat resembles expensive plate engraving. The cachet features anoffset photograph in black of WSC in Royal Yacht Squadronuniform, a cheery photo seldom seen, taken at the 1941 Argentiaconference.

This cover is available from ICS stores, c/o Sue Hefner, 134North Woodlawn, Lima, Ohio 45805 USA. Single samnles arefree. For 2-5 covers remit 50</ each, for 10 remit $4, for 25remit $7, for 50 remit $13. Only 1000 copies exist. Checks forthe equivalents in UK, Canadian and Australian currency wel-come as usual.

-D. M.

FLEET AIR ARM CACHETSHarvey Humphries, one of our Australian members, advises

that the Fleet Air Arm Museum (write R. N. Philatelic Officer,RNAS Yeovilton, Yeovil, Somerset BA22 8HL England) hasissued three covers to commemorate the 20f.h Anniversary ofSir Winston's funeral procession, showing the naval gun-carriageenroute to the service. Cancellation was by handstamp depictingthe badge of HMS Excellent. All covers bear the G. B. famoustrains commemoratives. The Museum describes these as follows:

Cover 1. Cancelled as above with 17p train stamp, 95p.Cover 2. As above with 31p train stamp, signed by Winston

S. Churchill MP and Rear Admiral J. J. Oswald, carriage officerof the Gun Carriage crew for the funeral, £2.15.

Cover 3. As above with the 22p train stamp signed by RearAdmiral Oswald, £1.40.

The issue date for these covers was 30th January so we can-not be sure that any will be left, but it may be worth a try.

-Peter M. Jenkins, Victoria, Aus.

FURTHER CORRECTIONS TO STAMP CHECKLISTPlease note the following pen-and-ink corrections to Section

I of the ICS Handbook, the checklist of Churchill stamps.ADEN-KATHIRI SEIYUN (page 1.1): The imperforate set

should be numbered Minkus 92-99 and StanGb 91-98.LIBERIA (page 1.9): All individual stamps exist imperforate

and each was issued on imperforate souvenir sheets, not justScott C171 as stated. Also, the 1975 set, Scott 691-6 and C205exist imperforate.

MALI (page 1.9): Scott C31 was issued as an imperforatesouvenir sheet (100F). Editor's note: this may be the "deluxesouvenir sheet" reported in an earlier correction. continued . . .

CommentaryBY THE EDITOR

Proofing Finest Hour: the hour typical, the companionship derigueur.

A MORE SCHOLARLY FINEST HOUR ...It would be a mistake for anyone to conclude that the

International Churchill Society is mainly interested in WSCtoby jugs and similar curiosities. Collectibles — from finechina to kitsch—are certainly among the things we hangour hats on. But I suspect that the artifacts and souvenirsmembers collect have a more intangible value, remindingthem variously of Sir Winston's many contributions, and ofhis lasting memory.

Nonetheless, we are mindful of the need to producescholarly new material, and in particular well-researchedmonographs and papers that contribute significantly to thestore of information about the Churchill Years. We find inSir Winston's written and spoken words compelling philos-ophy that is just as relevant to today's problems as it was in1915 or 1926 or 1940 or 1952. One of the most importantcontributions our Society wishes to make is an understand-ing, among all English-speaking peoples, of Churchill'srelevancy to current foreign policy and domestic issues.

With that in mind, future issues of Finest Hour willstrive to include a scholarly article—not a reprint —thatcontributes to our understanding of the Man of the Century.The first of these, next issue, will be entitled "Churchill andthe Baltic"—a review of Winston Churchill's concepts andpractices with regard to the nations washed by the BalticSea, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia: three highly individual

Stamp News, continued...

PARAGUAY (page 1.11): A second value showing WSC andParliament in Minkus 1366, the 12.45g value, which we failedto note individually.

UMM AL QIWAIN (page 1.15): Minkus 70 in the 1966 setand Minkus 70A in the 1967 set, both souvenir sheets, werealso issued imperforate.

For previous additions and corrections to the stamp check-list, please refer to Finest Hour #40 page 8 and #43 page 13.

— Sidney Altneu, N. Miami, Fla.

states and nations which have been largely forgotten by theworld, but which deserve more understanding and sympathy.In the light of wider geo-political issues, Churchill's policytoward the Baltic was one of the more interesting sidelightsof his career. Typically, his views were far outside thefences of conventional British and international opinion.Even more typically, he was able to forsee the future withstartling clarity, and he spoke eloquently on behalf ofmeasures which, if taken, would have dramatically alteredworld history. We shall rely on numerous sources bothpro and con in our discussions, and they will be carefullyfootnoted.

In another realm, the Board of Directors has tentativelydecided to go ahead with a modest new publishing program,aimed at pamphlets which concentrate with scholarship andaccuracy on significant areas of Churchill's life and timesthat have received scant attention. One of these is the seriesof "Chartwell Bulletins," WSC's long letters to his absentwife about matters bo|h domestic (the farm at Chartwell,ongoing improvements'to house and gardens) and political(the continuing debate over India, the borning threat ofNazi Germany). To date the Bulletins have appeared only inthe Companion Volumes to the Official Biography. Webelieve they deserve separate publication, with brief anno-tation relating Churchill's charming descriptions of life athome and canny views on political issues to the concurrentsituation of the day. The administration at Chartwell hasexpressed much interest in such a pamphlet, as some of itsproceeds coul * certainly assist in their preservation work atthis beautiful shrine. This is, of course, only one of the sub-jects we hope to cover.

The Board of Directors has furthermore determined toorganize a scholastic advisory committee to guide us in theabove pursuits. The Society now has a number of distin-guished members of the academy, many of them authors ofrespected works on Churchill, among its membership. Wehope to invite as many of these individuals as we can, fromall the English-speaking countries, to aid us in our scholarlywork. Recognizing that they are all busy people, we shallnot trouble them with lengthy reviews of copy; but we dohope to secure their advice as to the worthiness of variousprojects. We should like to begin each of these knowingthat the end result will be a worthwhile contribution tohistory and understanding.

A WORD ABOUT "COMMERCIALISM" . . .Elsewhere in this issue you will read that a meeting of

members noted that Finest Hour is "not now so commer-cially motivated" but that "there was still room for im-provement." On which opinions a few observations . . .

1. It is not possible to produce a "British" publicationin America, any more than it is possible to produce an"American" one in Britain. Culture, heritage, editorialstyles are different, and inevitably produce different results.As far as we are able, we try to produce a dignified journalwith a dearth of flamboyance. At the same time, the editoris conscious that the product will always appear "foreign"to foreign eyes. It is one of the compromises inherent inproducing a magazine for an international audience in onecountry.

2. The international "flavour" of Finest Hour is never-theless strong. We could not produce what we do withoutthe help of the contributors in Britain, Canada and Australialisted on our masthead, and they would be the first totestify that their material is not edited into "Americanese."

16

We welcome contributions from everywhere; if we arebiased against any it might be the Canadians, only becausethey already have such a huge share of our editorial contri-butions!

3. The Society is certified as a non-profit organizationby the US Internal Revenue Service. To retain that statuswe must, among other things, keep commercial material toa minimum. Very largely, the items offered for sale inFinest Hour come from "ICS Stores" rather than fromindividuals or private companies. You may have noticedthat with the "exception of the ICS new book service, noprivate company has had a display advertisement in FinestHour for about ten issues. In that time only two paid dis-play ads appeared, one by an individual, one by a Foundation,both of which resulted in a color cover for the magazine.This is not happenstance; in an effort to minimize commer-cialism we put an extremely high price on the display rateand do not solicit advertisements. Even counting "ICSStores," the total amount of issue #47 devoted to "com-mercial" items was 1% pages out of 30, or under six percent.

4. It remains to be emphasised that we would not havethe size and quality journal we do without supplementalincome other than subscriptions. In 1984, sales of philatelicand other items were the second most important source ofincome, totaling over US$2000, which was more thanenough to cover the cost and mailing of one entire issue.ICS Stores furthermore tries to offer only quality material,and at a discount price to ICS members, One member wroteus that if he purchased all the chinaware items on page 22of the last issue he would have saved himself $111.

5. We are nevertheless conscious of the continuing needto minimize commercial aspects. To this end, wheneverpossible, we shall try to keep the "ICS Stores" and privatemember advertisements inthe rear of the issue.

I would welcome the comments of all readers on any ofthese matters and will do my best to accommodate yourwishes. RML

ICS TREASURY REPORT FOR CALENDAR YEAR 1984INCOMEItemBal. Fwd 1 JanSubscriptionsDonationsSales/StoresPaid AdInterestAGM FeesTotal

EXPENSESItemPrintingPostageSecretarialAdvertisingSales ExpenseTelephone/Misc.AGM OutlaysPhilatelic ExpTotalBal. Fwd 1985

USA$2227.225786.00449.00

1971.83200.00121.33—

$10755.38

USA$4592.31

1400.00692.44120.00939.63

15.00——

$7759.38$2996.00

Canada$ 783.60

3161.90418.00168.50—

145.51875.21

$5552.42

Canada$1581.63

243.60———114.50728.17—

$2667.70$2077.00

UK£304.65

507.2530.0059.20———

£901.10

UK£ 43.05

0.00——— .—

104.50160.05

£307.60£771.55

Australia$295.57

161.0012.00————

$468.57

Australia—

$ 22 .15—————— •

$ 22.15$334.82

MEMBERSHIP JUNE 1985 (COMPARED TO AUGUST 1984)USA 356(321) Canada 212 (195) UK 110(61)Australia 14(16) NZ 1 (2) Other 12(11)**RSA 3, Bahamas, Denmark, Eire, Greece, Jamaica,Israel, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, 1 each.

SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL'S FUNERAL

Oh Britain, now your Warrior's gone,He's left us all to carry onThe fight for which he fought and toiledAgainst aggression in the WorldHe taught us, when we stood alone,Against the fury of the foe,To fight —with sticks, or even stones,To protect our Island Homes.His call we heard; it carried far across

the Land —We heard him say, "Give us the tools"

that we may savour,The Strength of Britain, when at Bay!Now as he's borne, so high aboveThrough the Streets he dearly lovedThe crowds are silent all around,And tears, like rain, fall on the ground.Great leaders from both far and nearAre gathered here in London.Grand tributes to him they loved so dear,Who freed them from their conquered lands.So gently now, he's laid to restThis man who said, "Defeat us? Never!"For all the world, he gave his best —His name remains the greatest ever.Let us remember him with pride,

with love, with gratitude,The force no enemy could subdue,Take up his task, for Britain's sake,Be proud, be brave, remember.Stand firm, when round you others breakKeep Britain Strong for his name's sake.

—Composed by Mrs. Rosina Davidson,24 January 1965

17

Churchill in StampsBY RICHARD M. LANGWORTH

PAGES 31-36: MALAKAND AND THE RIVER WARIt is interesting to study the useo] historic photos m the de-

sign of some Churchill connnenwratives. The famous photo ofthe young subaltern on his mount, fiom the India intolude, wasskillfully adapted to the Malakand episode. Note also that withpage 35 I finally defied consistency and began using a curbun-ribbon electric. The improvement in type clarity is obvious.

31. Pakistan f66 (sg ?) shows the Kaghan Valley (so does -f 69).while f67 (also ?P68J .shows the Gilgui Mountains The famousKhyber Pass is illustrated by Pakistan #129-40 isg 128-) or thePakistan Officials. #0"6-86 (sg ?074-1. Another useful PakistaniChurchill-related set is jf79-Sl. containing a m.ip ol Western

• Pakistan ".including-the-larea of the Malakand operations. Nostamps ^re available which actually portray the Malakand Pass. 31

• where most of the action'took place, but the above scones aieall part of the surrounding Hindu Kush. •

32. More~ views of the Khyber Pass, the impenetrate version ofthe"; Upper Volta commefnoratiye.and some stamps from IndianStates which Churchill passed through on his way from Bangalore ' •to the Northwest Frontier to join Sir Bindon Blood. This pageis unfinished (hence the lack of connecting lines), as I've only 'found stamps of Gwalior and Jammu .& Kashmir thus far. -Patiala, Nabha, Duttia, Hyderabad .and Bhopal are also required.Another key set still unfound is Afghanistan #323-4, which,",

' illustrates a Pathari tribal dance."'.' -'-. • ' • .'>.'".'

33. One might not suspect the beautiful Italian architecture set#B26-29 (St. Angelo Castle, Claudius Aqueduct, Roman Forurh,Peoples Gate), or San Marino's 1958 stamp showing Vesuvius, -of any special Churchill relationship. But WSC saw all thesesights in 1897. on leave from fodia. The 1896 Italian definitives#73-75 (sg 54-56) were current^during WSC's visit,

34. St. Christopher #290 (sg 307), showing Churchill in his 21stLancers uniform and a cavalry' charge background, is ideal tohelp" illustrate a page on the legendary charge at Omdurman, ' • •accompanied by WSC's vivid, description of it from My Early •' •Life, The equally famous painting of the Omdurman battlespeaks-volumes about what,,occurred at the great battle inAugust .1899. Incidentally, this page shows that one doesn'talways have to load up an album page with stamps to create aneffective 'presentation. I have -noticed that it is one of those >pagespeople often pause over during an exhibition. • •'- .

35. Recently completed (except for the photocopied GeneralGordon,stamp from the,'set-Sudan #51-59; and one low value"would do /as the high "values/are very pricey), this page showsthe superiority .-of a carbon' ribbon when typing album pages. 32Sudan #56 shows Gordon Memorial College. Very many early - -•:Sudanese definitives used' -'the galloping-dervish-and-camelillustration, and so are appropriate here. Those postmarked atKhartoum are especially pertinent. The horizontal stamp is fromSudan #C4-15, "depicting the statue of "Chinese" Gordon. Atthe bottom is one of the set of Sudan #J5-8 (sg D5-8) showingNile gunboat HMS Zafir and a gaissa or native boat. This is akey C-Related set. See Finest Hour #44, page 13.

36. No stamps depict the youthful candidate Winston Churchillas he stood for Parliament for Oldham (the first time round helost). So I chose Honduras #377-79 and #CO110(sg 671-74),the Churchill overprints of a Christopher Columbus commemo-rative, on the grounds that Columbus, like Churchill, wasanother man with a message who at first spoke to deaf ears.

A continuing series

YOUTH

THE STORY OF THE MALAKAND FIELD FORCE

Churchill's first book, published lflc^, described his experiencein the Malakand Field Force taken from earlier despatches to aBritish and an Indian newspaper. He wangled these assignments byruthlessly using his and Lady Randolph's connections. Though itraised Army eyebrows, the cheeky subaltern's clear-eyed accounthas since gone down as a classic in its field.

Compositeillustrationshows WSC onhis Armymount withbackdrop ofthe despe-rate battleat Malakand,which theBritish lost.

No stampsshowing theMalakand Passare known, butall these por-tray the HinduKush—thatforbiddingarea where thebattle tookplace.

Gllgut Mountains

MALAKAND FIELD FORCE (2)

The Pathan tribesmen, mysteriously equipped with Martlnl-Henryrifles, were a formidable foe. Churchill wrote, "To the fero-city of the Zulu are added the craft of the Redskin and themarksmanship of the Boer." It was to be a hard campaign.

SubalternChurchill,the Pathantribesmen,the HinduKush

Churchilltraveledto Malakandvia thestamp-issuingstates ofGwalior,Patiala,Nabha,Duttla,Bhopal andHyderabad.The rail-road endedat Nowshera.Malakand was40 miles onacross ablazingplain.

YOUTH

SEEKING MOKE ADVENTURE

On 6 May 1897, Churchill obtained more leave and embarked forEngland—hoping he might be able to "divert" enroute to covera hopeful little war between Greece and Turkey. But this battlewas patched up before Churchill got close, and he continuedtoward England, with a small diversion for Italy.

"THE RIVER WAR"

C h u r c h i l l ' s second book (two volumes, 1900) was "A t a l e of bloodand w a r . . . o f wild extravagance and c rue l w a s t e . . . o f wisdom and i n -competence." Wrote Dr. Manfred Weidhorn, "the s to ry takes on theq u a l i t i e s of an epic e x p e d i t i o n . . - K i t c h e n e r ' s army is the angel ichost r ep resen t ing the forces of l ight—and whi teness—against adark, Satanic majesty dwelling deep in the burning sands of anAfrican h e l l . . . "

J

f

Landing inItaly, WSCvisitedNaples, wherehe climbedVesuvius, and"did" Romeand Pompeii.Undoubtedlyhe viewed allthe scenesat right.

Three newdefinitivesadded byItaly InI896, werecurrentduring WSC'svisit.

Kitchener proclainedit his mission toavenge the murderedGen. Gordon, whomthe Sudanese 'Mahdi'had slain in 1885.

"The River war"was unabashedlypro-Empire. ButChurchill didhonestly repre-sent the Mahdi'sside of theargument, anddeplored Gen.Kitchener'sdesecration ofthe Mahdi'stomb after theconquest ofKhartoum

HMS Zafir, oneof the Nilegunboats, anda 'gaissa' ofthe type thatconveyed WSCdown the Nileafter Cndurman.From Zafir orone of itssisters, WSCwas tossed abottle ofchampagne bythe futureAdmiral Beatty.

? !*-*..-'

,'34*

WITH KITCHENER IN THE SOUDAN WAR

The fighting in India was no sooner over when Churchill wasshamelessly using his connections to join Lord Kitchener s21st Lancers in the Soudan. At the Battle of Omdurman in Aug-ust X899, he more than satisfied his lust for action.

We wheeled andbegan to gallop...We seemed to pushour way throughas" one has some-times seen mountedpolicemen break upa crowd...Straightbefore me a manthrew himself onthe ground...Ifired two shotsInto him at aboutthree yards...Man and'sworddisappeared.

'.. .a cavalrycharge is verylike ordinarylife. So long asyou are firmlyIn your saddle,enemies will giveyou wide berth.But as soon asyou have lost astirrup (or) arewounded, fromall quarters ene-mies rush uponyou.'--"My Early Life" 36

THE FIRST ELECTION

In 1899 Churchill resigned his commission and applied to theConservative Party for a seat to contest. He was assignedOldham, a Manchester suburb. "Live and learn!," he wrote InMy Early Life." I think I may say without conceit that I was

In those days a pretty good candidate...It rejoiced my heartto see these masses of working people who ardently assertedtheir pride in our Empire and their love for the ancient tra-ditions of the realm...

...However,when thevotes werecounted wewere wellbeaten. Ina poll ofabout 23,000votes—thenas big aswas known inEngland—Iwas 1300behind.

Hondurasoverprintsin memoryof'WSCoccur onstampsdepletingChristopherColumbus,another manwith amessage whodid not, atf i r s t , rindIt accepted.

Inside the JournalsWinston Churchill in Popular and Academic Literature

John Plumpton, Editor130 Collingsbrook Boulevard, Agincourt, Ontario, Canada Ml W 1M7

Michael Howard, "Is Winston ChurchillStill Relevant?" in Encounter (21 St.Martin's Lane, London), Vol. LXIV, No.4, April 1985, pp. 20-26.

The great men commemorated bynations are usually those who contributeto the creation of the nation itself. Artistsand scholars are honored but seldom arethey objects of national rejoicing andthose who are celebrated, like England'sShakespeare or Scotland's Burns, weresignificant in forging a distinctivelynational culture. Soldiers and sailors, likeWellington and Nelson, are honored be-cause their victories were instrumentalin enhancing their national communities.

Statesmen are accorded highest honorsif they have spectacularly contributed tothe creation of their nations—Washing-ton, Bolivar, Cavour, Bismarck, Gandhior Lenin—or if they have preserved thenation by guiding it through enormousdangers, reminded it of past greatness orset it upon a new path. Such statesmenwere Abraham Lincoln, Charles de Gaulleand Winston Churchill.

Churchill is near enough to us for bothhis faults and his virtues to be fresh in ourminds. He was too much a romantic to bea successful politician or strategist. He wasoutrageously irresponsible out of powerand a merciless bully in office. Our ownbattle-scared generation finds his satis-faction with the whole business of warrather shocking. If he had died in 1939 hewould have been, like his father, a brilliantfailure. But he lived long enough to rallyhis shaken and divided nation, sustain itthrough ordeals unparalleled in its historyand lead it to a victory which seemed toreestablish it on a new road to greatness.

He will be remembered primarily as agreat war leader. He reconciled the dif-ferences within the Services, commands,theatres and allies. But most importantwas his leadership at home during thestruggle. He united the nation using broad-casting and film media. He held togethera political coalition although he wasdisliked by large segments of both major ,parties.

This domestic unity was, of course,aided by other forces —the threat ofHitler, the alliance with the Soviet Unionand the fact that Britain was a far moreorderly society than it had ever been inthe past. The welfare state and the GreatWar had speeded the development of anational community. Churchill had onlyto evoke this national =unity and displaythe leadership to which it would respond.

Should we wish that Churchill was

alive to lead us today? No! The Churchillof 1940 was also the Churchill of 1911 and1926. He often desired battle over con-ciliation. The recent miners' strike mighthave found him in police control roomsdevising strategies to break the strike. Thegenius required to lead a united peopleis not necessarily that best attuned tonursing community through a deep inter-nal division and social stress.

But without Churchill's firm vision ofa united nation, rooted in his understand-ing of his country's history, the Britishpeople, as a people, will quite assuredlyperish.

Anthony Glees, "Churchill's Last Gam-bit" in Encounter, (21 St. Martin's Lane,London), Vol. LXIV, No. 4, April 1985,pp. 27-35.

The Berlin Conference in 1954 was thesetting for a dispute between GermanChancellor Konrad Adenauer and BritishPrime Minister Winston Churchill, overthe status of Germany and the future ofEurope. Churchill's aim was peace withRussia and his means was German unity;Adenauer feared that the Soviet Unionwould allow a unified Germany only ifit were politically neutral.

Churchill was in a position to promotehis policy of sacrificing West Germanyand creating an "Austrian solution"because the illness of the Foreign Minister,Anthony Eden, permitted him to takedirect control over British foreign policy.He reasoned that new governments in theUSA, USSR and France, and the impend-ing election in West Germany, affordedan opportunity to assuage Kremlin fearswith a "new Locarno," and to move theIron Curtain eastward. The British publicwas never aware of the policy being pur-sued by their government.=> After Stalin's death, Churchill detecteda major change in Soviet attitudes buthe worried that the new American Presi-dent, Dwight Eisenhower, might not con-cur. He noted that the Republicansbelieved that the Soviets had not kepttheir side of the Yalta agreements. Never-theless, oin order to avoid a future inwhich "mankind seems to face alternativesof Atomic War at worst, and if a life ofperpetual fear and tension at best," it wasimperative "to turn the tide of history,"because "if we fail to strive to seize thismoment's precious chances, the judgmentof future ages would be harsh and just.But if we strive and fail, if will be clearwho has condemned humankind to thisblack fate."

20

He asked Eisenhower to support asummit of "the three victorious powerswho separated at Potsdam in 1945" andthreatened a "personal contact" if thatcould not be arranged. Adenauer, hearingof Churchill's intentions to exclude WestGermany from decisions on its own fate,faced the prospect of having to presentthe German electorate with a "nationalurh'ty or Adenauer" choice. He flew tosee ^Eisenhower in Washington and re-ceived generous support from the Ameri-cans. Both West Germany and the UnitedStates felt that Churchill was clearlymaking a fool of himself. Adenauerexerted constant public pressure on Chur-chill by stating that "the German wayleads to Europe, not to national isolation."Churchill responded that Germany hadlost the war and had surrendered uncon-ditionally, and should do what it was told.

Were Churchill's views initiated bymental and physical decline or were theythe natural outgrowth of the policiesfollowed by the same leader who, as farback as 1940, realized that cooperationwith the Kremlin was essential to Euro-pean peace? Evidence refutes the formertheory and seems to indicate that Chur-chill realized that some accommodationwas necessary with the Kremlin's newleaders in order to counter the influenceof the Kremlin's hard-liners. The bestroute was to defuse the German issue.Even a unified Germany would neverbe a Soviet ally. "The eyes of Germanyare turned against Soviet Russia in fear,hate and intellectual antagonism." Be-sides, even if Adenauer did not aspire tounity, the German people did, and mayaccept a Russian tribe to accomplish it.

Churchill's grand design came tonothing. An uprising in East Germany inJune 1953 was put down by Soviet troops.Churchill's stroke during the same monthresulted in his relinquishing power in theForeign Office. Adenauer was re-electedand the Kremlin increased its nucleararsenal.

Churchill continued to press for asettlement with Russia but realized areunified Germany would not constitutepart of it. In June 1954, Eisenhower andChurchill agreed to German rearmamentand the inclusion of Bonn in the WesternAlliance.

The victor is these events was KonradAdenauer, who provided the truth toChurchill's earlier remark that he wasindeed a diplomat of Bismarckian pro-portions. Churchill's last political gambitin the "Great Game" has been all butforgotten, o

RICHARD M. LANGWORTH

About BooksA Gripping Novel—

A Loosening Biography

The Paladin, by Brian Garfield, London, Macmillan 1980, BookClub Associates 1981, 349 pages.

The story is impossible—fantastic. An 11-year-old boy,Christopher Creighton, leaps a garden wall in Kent and findshimself face to face with Winston Churchill-whom he will laterknow by the code-name "Tigger." It is 1935. Christopher, whocontinues to invade Chartwell, impresses WSC with his audacityand pluck, and in 1939 aged 15 he is recruited into the BritishSecret Service by spy-masters "Owl" and "Winnie-the-Pooh."

He then accomplishes a succession of what can only betermed "climacterics." He warns of Belgium's plans to surrenderto Hitler in time to save the British Army at Dunkirk. He findssecret U-boat pens in Eire and blows the Germans' most strategiccover for Atlantic warfare. He sabotages a friendly Dutch sub-marine and sends its crew to the bottom after it reports theJapanese battle fleet enroute to Pearl Harbor-because Churchillrefuses to pa s its warning to FDR, and the world must NotKnow. Back in London, Christopher finishes the job by murder-ing the only cypher clerk who's read the sub's message—and sheturns out to be one of his girlfriends. He engineers the assassina-tion of Darlan, and he tips off the Nazis to the Dieppe raid toconvince the Americans it is too soon for a cross-channel inva-sion. Finally, when the invasion is on, he steers the Germansinto defending Calais and not Normandy. By which time Chris-topher Creighton isagood deal older, wiser, sadder and bloodier.But war is a dirty business.

Although the plot strains the imagination —so many keyevents engineered by a boy —it is nevertheless gripping, well-written and plausible. Garfield's characterization of Churchilltallies exactly with the most authoritative accounts of WSC'sintimates; the vivid scenes at the "hole in the ground" (CabinetWar Rooms) are painted with authority. Ribbentrop, the Belgiansand French, the British and German intelligence agents, are en-tirely believable. Brian Garfield is more plausible than LenDeighton, as exciting as Ian Fleming. His novel is good enter-tainment for the committed Churchillophile, and you shoulddefinitely add a copy to your library.

One thing more. "The hero is a real person," Garfield writes."He is now in hisfifties. His name is not Christopher Creighton."

Witness to Power: The Life of Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy,By Henry H. Adams, Annapolis, Naval Institute Press 1985, 391pages, available from ICS New Book Service.

As biography, this is as good a job as the author's excellentand revealing life of Harry Hopkins. From a Churchill stand-point the book adds little to our understanding of WSC and notmuch to that of Admiral Leahy. Who, vis-a-vis Winston, comesoff as a shallow and superficial thinker. Leahy was convinced,for example, that WSC's opposition to an early invasion ofEurope meant that the Prime Minister wanted no invasion at all.Leahy attended the critical conferences at Teheran, Yalta andPotsdam—but most of all his observations are trivial. Adams

skirts over these meetings, admitting that "even in Leahy'swords. . . little could be added to the story." One wonders ifAdmiral Leahy was one of those many naval officers who spentmost of their time at Yalta queued up for the loo.

The memoirs which we hoped would add new insights tocritical events and personalities are lightweight. Leahy's strongestimpression of Yalta was its "sowing of dragon's teeth." OfFDR's death Leahy wrote, "The captain of the team is gone."Once again, about Potsdam, the biographer says " i t would befutile to recount the story of Potsdam once again." As far asLeahy is concerned, he's probably right. The Admiral's pro-nouncements remind one strongly of Calvin Coolidge's timeless

j reminder, "the future lies before us."There are two interesting revelations. Leahy observed at

Potsdam that the Russians didn't like Attlee the socialist atall-whereas they had "high regard" for Churchill the Tory.Interesting —I'd always suspected that. And Leahy noted thatJapan nearly didn't surrender after the second atomic bomb —which gives the lie to revisionist doctrine that they were alreadyasking to surrender by Potsdam time, and that Truman callouslybombed them to forestall the Russians in East Asia. Finally,Admiral Leahy was one of those few, quiet voices which ap-proved Churchill's unpopular speech at Fulton in 1946, though"even in Leahy's words" this book will add little to that story.

None of which means to deprecate a great officer who builtAmerica's fighting navy, governed Puerto Rico, and walked theambassadorial tightrope in Vichy France as well as serving asFDR's close advisor. Sailors are not, after all, expected to writecogent political memoirs; perhaps then the book is poorly titled.Admiral Leahy deserves his tribute. To paraphrase AdmiralNimitz, valor was asked and valor was duly given.

HOUGHTON MIFFLIN DOES IT AGAINThe American publishers of the official biography, after

quoting "latest prices" in January, told us in February they'draised the price of all biographic volumes to $40 in December.Thus some 20 book orders placed by ICS members through theNew Book Service had to be cancelled or re-ordered at highercost. Similar increases were made to-the H-M companion (docu-ment) volumes, many of which are anyway out of stock. Thereare vague plans to reprint the Volume I and II companions inlarge, clumsy single volumes (at $78 and $117 each), whilecompanion Part 3 to Volume V (covering 1936-39) is out ofstock with no plans to reprint at all.

We recommend that anyone starting to accumulate the offi-cial biography try to acquire the British Heinemann editions,which are superior in every way. The pages and type are larger,the dust jackets are better coated and more durable; and all thevolumes are in uniform maroon cloth. The New Book Servicecan order them at any time in any quantity, and Heinemannbiographic volumes are now cheaper than Houghton-Mifflin.By contrast, if you're about to start collecting the companionvolumes, you will find some of Houghton-Mifflin's unavailable-some permanently-and at least one with an oddball binding.

Quoting professor Henry Higgins, I'd prefer a new edition ofthe Spanish Inquisition than to ever let a Houghton in my libe.

21

Woods Corner Ronald I. Cohen, Editor5 Murray Avenue, Westmount, Quebec, Canada H3Y 2X9

An Ongoing Forum of Additions & Corrections to the Woods Bibliography of Works by Sir Winston Churchill, for the New Edition, 198 7.

"Woods" is shorthand for A Bibliography of the Works ofSir Winston Churchill by Frederick Woods, first published in1963 and most recently (second revised edition) in 1975. ICSand the Woods Corner Editor, Ronald Cohen, are currentlyundertaking a complete revision and updating of the Bibliog-raphy for publication in 1987. Editor Cohen requests yourcomments and additions. He will also willingly answer yourquestions regarding bibliographical matters.

READER CORRESPONDENCEI have just run across a book not listed in Woods: Selected

Speeches and Documents on British Colonial Policy 1763-1917,edited by Arthur Berriedale Keith, published in two volumes byOxford University, 1918. It contains a speech by WSC: " . . . onthe Transvaal Constitution" given in the Commons on 17 De-cember 1906. The Rhodes James Complete Speeches also reportsa speech on the same subject on the same date.

But the two speeches are totally and completely different!Whereas the speech in Colonial Policy is in fact on the

Transvaal, that in the Complete Speeches is on Chinese Labor.Equally, I cannot find elsewhere in Rhodes James a copy of thisTransvaal Speech.

—Mat Fox, Chicago

I would like to begin with a couple of observations about theSpeeches and Documents, There were actually two separatepublications. The first, which you mention, was initially pub-lished in "The World's Classics" by Oxford University 'Press in1918, and reprinted in 1933 (presumably to coincide with thepublication of the 1918-1931 volume). It was then reissued as asingle volume in 1948 and reprinted in 1953 and 1961. It con-tains two WSC speeches: the first (17 December 1906) in theHouse on the Transvaal Constitution (at pp. 3-24 of both Vol.II of the first edition and Part Two of the 1961 edition); and thesecond that of 17 March 1914 in the House on the Imperial Na-val Squadron (at pp. 343-56).

The second work, entitled Speeches and Documents on theBritish Dominions 1918-1931 (From Self-government to Na-tional Sovereignty), was edited by Arthur Berriedale Keith andpublished in "The World's Classics" at Oxford University Pressin 1932. It was reprinted in 1938, 1948 and 1961. It containsChurchill's speech of 20 November 1931 (at pp. 274-85).

Let me return to the text of the speech of 17 December.Neither Speeches and Documents nor Rhodes James is wrong.The address which you uncovered is found at pp. 1063--78 ofVol. IV of the Fourth Series of the Parliamentary Debates (Han-sard). However, 17 December 1906 was a busy day for theUnder-Secretary for the Colonies and the address which RhodesJames has chosen is to be found at pp. 1132 et. seq. of the samevolume. I can add that, on that day in the House, Churchill alsospoke of the recruitment of native labor for the Transvaal mines,home government in Australia, examination by medical officersof passengers proceeding to American ports from Hong Kong,inducements offered to East Indians to emigrate to East andCentral Africa, Australasian acquiescence in the New HebridesConvention and the rights of natives in the Mabira Forest Con-cession in Uganda, inter alia.

The problem, I must conclude, is that one cannot depend onthe Complete Speeches to be complete. RIC

SAIL ONO '

SHIP' OFSTATE!

Ransohoff's Addresses, D(a)5, clearly a true "A "item.

I own My African Journey (Woods A12) and Liberalism andthe Social Problem (A 15). Both have the Hodder & Stoughtonimprint on their spines and title pages. Both have blank frontcovers, however, and read, on the title page, "Hodder & Stough-ton/New York and London" (no publication date given). Iassume these are the American editions—but Woods says theU. S. editions were published by Doran. Is this correct?

—Paul Kaplan, Chicago

First, I should state that Woods incorrectly observes of bothworks that they were published in the U. S. by "Doubleday,Doran." The two publishing firms did not merge until the late1920s, long after the publication of A12 and A15.

To the merits. Assuming that your copy of'My African Jour-ney is bound in a rough, rust-brown cloth, and Liberalism ina smooth, reddish-violet cloth, your appraisal is correct, withslight refinement.

The copy of A15 is indeed the American edition in the sensethat no evidence I have ever seen would indicate that Doran everpublished the book in the United States. At least, they never didso with the Doran imprint. They may well have distributed thework since, when the George H. Doran Company was formed in1908, it became the American "publisher"of H&S's work. (H&Sowned one-third of Doran and Ernest Hodder Williams served asvice-president.)

On the other hand, copies of A12 are known with the Doranimprint on the title page. It is uncertain that one may legitimatelyconclude that the Doran imprints are the true American edition(until more information is known, one may speculate that theDoran imprints are the second American edition). If one does,however, it follows that the H&S/New York and London im-printed volumes were pre-publication books designed perhaps toelicit interest among sub-distributors or retailers.

(A subsequent letter from Mr. Kaplan pointed out that boththe United States Catalog of Books in Print of 1912 and theBook Review Digest of 1910 refer to Doran as the publisher ofLiberalism; but a check of the Online Union Catalog revealedthat no American library holds a Doran edition of A15.1 believethat this supports my earlier speculation regarding Doran's roleas "publisher" or distributor only.) RIC

22,

/ have excerpted the following from a recent letter to FredWoods:

Over the years your Bibliography of Churchill has been atremendous aid to me but the other day 1 turned to it for someinformation and found myself getting confused and frustrated. Ihad before me a copy of The War Speeches of the Right Hon.Winston Churchill, P.C. (Prime Minister of Great Britain), yournumber D(a)7(a). I have two questions...

1. Using your Bibliography, how might one ever ascertainif the eight speeches printed in this volume were previously pub-lished? Four of the eight I was able to locate; the remaining fourI couldn't find any reference to. though 1 assume they musthave been printed since you include The War Speeches in thesection of "books-containing reprints."

2. A point of theory. Assuming for a moment that all eightspeeches in The War Speeches had prior book publications, butsince no book entitled The War Speeches was ever issued,wouldn't that fact entitle this pamphlet to be included in the ASection?

In a number of other bibliographies that 1 have regular causeto turn to (Gallup's Pound and Eliot, Hanneman's Hemingway,Lawrence by Roberts and others), the bibliographers includedvolumes that contained reprinted material in new configurationsand with a new title in the "A" section . . .

I should explain what I meant earlier about "frustration." Asa bookseller, if I offer any item such as The War Speeches to aclient and explain that Woods lists it as such and such theyoften turn it down because it's a reprint. My arguments to thecontrary seem to sway few minds since your Bibliography is soesteemed by Churchill collectors that it's often hard for them tosee my point. - Glenn Horowitz, New York

Your point regarding the general bibliographical rules whichqualify any work for Section A of any bibliography is welltaken. In general, it is the first appearance in volume (or pamph-let or leaflet) form of the work. Where, however, the work ismade up of numerous smaller "works," the new configurationwill generally suffice to merit separate inclusion in Section A.

Thus, the individual appearances of 'all the materials publishedas pamphlets A47 to A62 to not disqualify Into Battle (A66)from having its own entry. Nor, looking at matters the otherway round, does the appearance of Painting as a Pastime as thefinal essay in Thoughts and Adventures^39) deprive the volumethat essay alone from having a separate existence as A125.

It should also be remembered that both A113 and A136 arenew configurations of war speech volumes already published.

In my view there is no justification for D(a)7(a) not being inSection A. On the same basis, D(a)7(b), D(a)5 andD(a)8 shouldall be in Section A as well. For a totally different reason, D(a)21(Corgi's Great War Speeches/ should be in Section A but, in thiscase, as A 136(b), since it is only an abridgement, not a new con-figuration, of the 3-volume War Speeches (A 136).

There are, in addition, inconsistencies between Sections D(a)and D(b), and I have met few people who could easily place awork in the one section rather than the other.

In order to facilitate the logic of the revised sections, I havebeen subdividing these works into: (a) those titles by, or editedby, others containing a speech or speeches by Churchill; (b) thosetitles by, or edited by, others containing a letter or letters fromChurchill; and (c) those titles by, or edited by, others containinga work or portion of a work already listed in Section A or B.

To be of further utuility, I am now preparing a chronologi-cal index of all Churchill speeches (except those in the Com-plete Speeches/ published in works in Sections A, C or D, achronological index of Churchill letters, and an alphabeticalindex of Churchill letters by recipient. RIC

ANOTHER LOOK AT WOODS SECTION A

Al(a) THE STORY OF THE MALAKAND FIELD FORCEIn the last issue, we noted the distinction between the cataloguesin the first and second states. Since that time, I have examineda very fine (untampered-with) copy of the second state whichhas no catalogue at all. (If anyone else has a copy withoutcatalogue, I would appreciate receiving information in thatregard.)

A3(a) SAVROLA In the last Woods Corner we neglectedto mention that the second impression of the American editionis unacknowledged by Woods.

A18/1-Al8/3 CHURCHILL SAID Things happen swiftly.Since the last issue, I have had a chance to examine these threepamphlets. They are all dubiously Section A items. While eachis only one page in length, each contains but & single paragraphfrom the 3 October 1911 Dundee speech (the same paragraph,I hasten to add), which is nine pages long in the CollectedSpeeches (Vol. II, pp. 1876-84). Each of the leaflets is Scottishnationalist propaganda and the paragraph (whose text, by theway, is not to be found in the Robert Rhodes James version ofthe speech) is merely a part of the pitch for a Scottish Parlia-ment.

After examination of the leaflets, I would also amend the1914 guess in the last column. There is a reference to the successof Gandhi's non-violent methods in India in A18/?. Since heonly returned to India from South Africa in 1915, it could not

continued . . .

A Bibliographyof the Worb ofSIR WINSTONCHURCHILL

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swer the question: is WSC deserving of the Jewish adulation hepresently receives? Did he pursue a consistent policy towardZionist goals? Why did he not drop the Palestine White Paper asPM? Above all, could he, or should he, have tried to do moreabout the Nazi death camps? Finest Hour will review this workshortly; to form your own opinion, order your copy now. Lon-don, Frank Cass, SVi x 8%", 388 pages casebound. Publisherprice $25, our price $21 postpaid.

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Woods Corner continued. .

be earlier than that year and, for the moment, I would estimate1916 to 1919 as the range of probable publication dates. Inestimating 1911, Woods is simply wrong.

A33 SHALL WE COMMIT SUICIDE? The booklet is printedfrom the Nash 's Pall Mall of Septem ber 24, 1924.

A33/2-PUBLIC EXPENDITURE AND REVENUE SPEECHBY THE RT. HON. WINSTON CHURCHILL, ON MAKINGTHE FINANCIAL STATEMENT, MONDAY, 26TH APRIL,1926. Research indicates that this is a separately published 30pp. pamphlet of the Budget Speech which is unlisted in Woods.I have not examined the copy and would be pleased to havefurther details from anyone possessing one.

A37(a)-MY EARLY LIFE. The first edition is found withseveral variations. There is, of course, the list of works on theverso of the half-title, as Woods observes. In addition, the firstedition is found in either rough or smooth cloth, both essen-tially the same plum color. Finally, the top board is found ineither a 3-line or a 5-line format. In all, the combination ofvariants is as follows:

1. rough cloth, 3-line top board, 11 titles on ht verso; »2. rough cloth, 5-line top board, 11 titles on ht verso; 11st state3. smooth cloth, 5-line top board, 11 titles on ht verso;/4. rough cloth, 5-line top board, 12 titles on ht verso; \ 2nd state5. smooth cloth, 5-line top board, 12 titles on ht verso;;A40(a)-MARLBOROUGH: HIS LIFE AND TIMES. It

appears that the limited edition of MARLBOROUGH wasbound by Leighton Straker Limited and not by Sangorski andSutcliffe, as Woods states.

A40/2-A MESSAGE. The Churchill item appears on onlyone of the four pages and is thus not an "A" item at all; itshould properly be B26/1.

A43(b)-GREAT CONTEMPORARIES. The first impres-sion of the revised edition exists in the normal thickness and asignificantly thicker edition bulking 2" (whose dust jacket de-scribes it as "A revised and cheap edition").

A48/1-WHAT MR. CHURCHILL SAID IN 1939 ABOUTTHE PALESTINE WHITE PAPER. An 8vo pamphlet of 12 pp.plus wraps containing Churchill's reply in the House to thetabling of the White Paper of 22 May 1939 on the question ofthe Government policy regarding Palestine. Published by theBritish Association for the Jewish National Home in Palestinein London. Not in Woods.

A52-A STERNER WAR. Woods misleadingly states thatthe broadcast text was "also published" in The Listener of 4April 1940; in fact, it was reprinted from that issue of TheListener. (See C437.)

A54-CONQUER WE SHALL The copy which I haveexamined bore neither publisher nor date information. EitherWoods has seen a copy with such details (in which case I amhere reporting a variant) or he has not (in which case his infor-mation is speculative and should be presented to readers/collec-tors within parentheses).

A55(c)-A SPEECH. The wraps are paper, not card.A56—SPEECH Woods does not mention the existence of a

Portuguese edition.A59-SPEECH BY THE PRIME MINISTER MR. WINSTON

CHURCHILL ON THE TAKING OF THE FRENCH FLEETWoods has the pamphlet out of order. It should be A57/1 con-taining, as it does, the speech of 4 July 1940 in the House(which itself contains the text of the letter which is Woods A57).Also, the pamphlet is 8, not 6, pp.

A61(a)-SPEECH TO THE PEOPLE OF FRANCE FormerlyA61.

A61(b)-OUR WHOLE PEOPLE AND EMPIRE HAVEVOWED THEMSELVES TO THE TASK OF CLEANSINGEUROPE OF THE NAZI PESTILENCE Published by theUniversal Life Assurance and Annuity Company in Winnipeg,Manitoba, the pamphlet is 6 [8] pp. and undated. Not in Woods.

A63-SPEECH BROADCAST BY THE PRIME MINISTERMR. WINSTON CHURCHILL TO THE ITALIAN PEOPLEDECEMBER 23, 1940. The length is 4 pp. plus wraps, not 7[8] pp. Woods does not mention the existence of a Portugueseedition.

A66(a) THEIR FINEST HOUR Woods mentions but doesnot do justice to this separate pamphlet of speeches publishedby the Winnipeg Free Press, the Saskatoon Star-Phoenix and theRegina Leader-Post. In the new Bibliography, this quite separatepublication will have its own entry. There are three variants:green on orange or green on yellow covers, on the one hand, andthe three newspapers together or the Winnipeg Free Press aloneindicated on the title page, on the other. Although the cover ofthe pamphlet indicates "vol. 1," there never was another.Apparently the conflict with McClelland & Stewart, Churchill'sCanadian publishers, led to the end of the series in its infancy.

A69-BEATING THE INVADER. The Message from thePrime Minister takes only 2/3 of p. 1. The bottom of that pageand all of p. 2 contain questions and answers on what to do inthe different circumstance^ of a portended invasion. Thus,: theitem does not belong in Section A at all. It should be B35/1.

A70-SPEECH BROADCAST BY THE PRIME MINISTERMR. WINSTON CHURCHILL APRIL 27, 1941 Correctly 8,not 7 [8] pp.

A85(c) -CHURCHILL IN OTTAWA Woods lists an item bythis title as D(b)62; he identifies its speech as one of 11 May1944. On this, several points. First, Churchill was in England,not Canada, on that date. Second, he did not give a speechanywhere on that Jate. The item by this title with which I amfamiliar contai--;, his famous 30 December 1941 Canadian Houseof Commor.F speech and is properly in this section. The onlyadditional material contained in it is introductory to the speechby Churchill.

A86-"WHAT KIND OF PEOPLE DO THEY THINK WEARE?" The Portuguese edition of the pamphlet is unmentionedby Woods.

A89/94/101/107/112. Australian editions, unacknowledgedby Woods, were published by Cassell and wholly set up andprinted by Wilkie and Co., Melbourne.

A89/1-A SPEECH The very rare pamphlet is 40 pp. plusend leaves plus card wraps.

A89/2-UN GRAND ARTISAN DE L'ENTENTE ThisFrench (Paris) pamphlet contains a number of Churchill speechesbetween May 1938 and November 1942. It is not a direct trans-lation of any volume and merits its own number. Not in Woods.

A92-A FOUR YEARS PLAN FOR BRITAIN Woods doesnot mention the Portuguese edition.

A96/1-AN ADDRESS BY THE RIGHT HONOURABLEWINSTON SPENCER CHURCHILL DELIVERED AT HAR-VARD ON SEPTEMBER 6, 1943 WHEN HE RECEIVED ANHONORARY DOCTORATE. This is the only separate publica-tion of the Harvard Commencement Address. (It is found inD(b)59 and D(b)60 as well as in the Collected Speeches, vol.VII, at pp. 6823-7.) The Canadian newspaper publishers,Southam Press, published the 14 [16] pp. pamphlet in 1943.No city is indicated. The publication is not mentioned byWoods.

A104/1-ULSTER'S LOYALTY TO BRITAIN SAVEDEIRE This 4 pp. pamphlet is not in Woods. Printed by theBelfast News-Letter and Published by the Ulster UnionistCouncil, it contains a part of the 13 May 1945 broadcastspeech and an excerpt from Churchill's letter of 9 May 1 943.

A104/2-PREPARATION DE LA VICTOIRE A pamphletof 16 pp. plus covers containing excerpts of Churchill addressesbetween 10 May 1940 and 10 May 1945. Published by Editionsde Languedoc, Albi, France. Not in Woods.

A114-SECRET SESSION SPEECHES There is an Australianedition which is not mentioned by Woods.

Al 15-A SPEECH Correctly, 16 pp. plus covers.A125-PAINTING AS A PASTIME Woods does not men-

tion the American Cornerstone edition.

24

LIU61Y MOMCt^JT I hi TH6 HQUS6 OfCOMMOUS.

An amusing postcard from traveling Ron Cohen, after the London BookFairs, advises us, "not the same without you! Fairs not as productive asthe shops but not bad: A7/1, A14(d}, A31(b) in dj, couple of A8s,couple of A3 (new imps)." You 're not doing badly, RIC. . . .

Above: A wonderfully clean and fresh A37(aj in its original dustjacketrecently found by the editor. The dj style changed with the KeystoneEdition (this a second impression), which was a cheaper volume issuedafter the trade edition had run its course. Trade jackets were similarin format to the first A39 and A43. Below: Some Swedish language edi-tions, all of them softbound and published by Skoglunds of Stockholm:Step by Step, Onwards to Victory, Victory and the postwar speech col-lection Stemming the Tide. Sir Winston had many readers in Sweden: atleast 21 of his titles were published there including A1/2/3.

A138-JOAN OF ARC. Excerpted from HESP. Illustratedby Lauren Ford. The version with which I am familiar was pub-lished by Dodd, Mead in 1969. I have no details regarding theEnelish edition which may also exist.

A141-LETTER TO ANTHONY WEDGWOOD BENN Theletter itself is dated 9 April 1955. No other publication date isgiven It is unclear to me why Woods conjectures that the pub-lication date is 1961. If he were correct, he should, nonetheless,present the date in parentheses and not as he does.

A142/1-THE SINEWS OF PEACE A booklet of 24 pp.,plus red on white card wraps, containing the Iron Curtainspeech Published by the Halcyon-Commonwealth Foundationin New York in 1965. Not in Woods.

MEMBERS CLASSIFIEDAny member may run any type of classified ad of reasonablesize (subject to the constraints of space} in Finest Hour at nocharge. Please type your ad on a plain sheet of paper or, at theleast, print clearly. Deadline for ad copy: Autumn issue ($49)12 October, Winter issue (§50) 1 December, Spring issue ($52)1 June. Send to Finest Hour, PO Box 385, Contoocook, NH03229 USA.

WANTEDIan Hamilton's March in any edition, hardback or softcover,even reading copies considered. Douglas Marden, PO Box 253,Rutland, Massachusetts 01543 USA

Companion Volume Part 3 to Biographic Volume 5 (The Comingof War 1936-1939) Houghton Mifflin edition urgently wanted.R. Hastings, 855 Rosalind Road, Pasadena CA 91108 USA.

Churchilliana Company (Dal Newfield) Bulletins from the be-ginning (1974) through 1977. Photocopies welcome. Bookswanted: Marlborough US First Volume V (can swap Vol 6 or aBritish First Volume II fine/dj); Lloyd George's War MemoirsUS First Volume VI; Chartwell English Edition of The SecondWorld War; Harold Macmillan's Pointing the Way in US FirstEdition. Richard Langworth, Putney House, Contoocook, NewHampshire 03229 USA.

FOR SALEWinston Churchill postcards, about 50-100 sets available,printed in England, black & white, $2 for set of 6. JulianWhite, 198 Broadway, New York NY 10038 USA.

Facsimiles oi Mr. Brodrick's Army & For Free Trade, sets, Col.Edn. $32, Library Edn $28.50. Second World War (2 Vols) Eds.of Life 1959 in box, with or without phonograph record, $60 to$21.50. Winston Churchill on America & Britain, Kay Halle ed.,mint $10. Churchill bust by Oscar Nemon, Alvastone by AlvaCo., $71.95 including packing and mailing. The New Examenby John Paget, Haworth Press 1934, $35 .The Fabulous LeonardJerome by Anita Leslie $10 to $8. Khaki & Gown, Lord Bird-wood, signed $35 to unsigned $20 (Woods B36). Variousphonograph records including Edward R. Murrow at prices fittingscarcity, and other interesting recorders. Sir Winston ChurchillMemorial Addresses, US Congress 1965 mint (Woods p.348)$22.50. / Was W. C. 's Private Secretary, Phyllis Moir $10. / / /Lived My Life Again/Sir WC, Fishman, mint/dj $12.30. Chur-chill/A Photographic Portrait, Gilbert, mint/dj $12. The GreatWar sets $75 to $65 (Woods A31b). Churchilliana Co., Prop.Eleanor Dalton-Newfield, "Chartwell West," 4629 Sunset Drive,Sacramento CA 95822 USA.

Great Contemporaries, First British Edition in near-mint condi-tion. Perfect exc for very slight spine fade, $135. W. H. Johnson,9905 Devonshire Drive Omaha NE 68114 USA.

Photographs of Mr. Churchill on his visit to Aboukir, 15 Feb1945 (21 total, each about 4 x 3"), 17 picture WSC. Taken bymy father V. N. Lewis, who was a Welsh photographer stationedin Egypt by the RAF. Others pictured include Sarah Churchill,Admiral Cunningham, WSC's private secretary. The photos havebeen in the family a long while and mean a great deal to mepersonally; this is a distress sale. Lynne Smith, PO Box 162,Harrisburg OR 97446 USA. Telephone (503) 955-6222. (Thisad is quite old, was misplaced; readers should contact Ms. Smithat first opportunity.

25

Action This Day BY JOHN PLUMPTON130 Collingsbrook Blvd.

Agincourt, Ontario M1W 1M7

SUMMER 1885: Age 10Winston continued his improvement in the Misses Thomson's

school in Brighton. His report indicated that "if he continues toimprove in steadiness and application, as during this term, hewill do very well indeed."

He was first in his class in classics and in the top half in allsubjects except drawing. But in conduct, he was still last out of30 students.

He became an.accomplished rider and, as the weather im-proved, developed an active interest in cricket. His letters show amaturing writing style and a growing interest in w.orld affairs.He asked his mother to send The Times' account of the funeralof Victor Hugo.

For part of the summer holidays, he was sent to ChesterfieldLodge in Cromer. The weather was agreeable but he missed thefamily and found the governess "very unkind, so strict andstiff."

Lord Randolph, thinking he was on the way to being "king"himself, played the role of king-maker within the Tory Partyand led the Fourth Party assault on Gladstone. He dominatedthe House of Commons and became the best-known and mostpopular politician in the country. His power was such that whenthe Liberal Government was defeated in the House and theTories reluctantly assumed power prior to the anticipatedgeneral election, Lord Randolph informed Lord Salisbury thathe would not join the Government if Sir Stafford Northcoteremained as Commons- leader. Acknowledging Churchill'sdemagogic influence with the two million newly-enfranchisedvoters, Salisbury and the Queen relented, and a stunned North-cote went to the Lords as the Earl of Iddesleigh. Lord Randolphthen joined the First Salisbury Cabinet as Secretary of Statefor India.

SUMMER 1910: Age 35In April, the Lords finally passed the "People's Budget," but

the Liberals, determined to prevent the Lords from ever vetoingCommons legislation, introduced the Parliament Bill. Churchillassumed the responsibility for piloting it through the Commons.

The death of King Edward VII in May brought a brief respitefrom political strife. In June the new sovereign, King George V,called an All-Party Constitutional Conference, but it failed toproduce an acceptable compromise. Although an initial proposalfor a coalition Cabinet excluded Churchill, he was eventuallyconsidered for the War Office. In the end, the Tories wouldhave no truck with either Churchill or Lloyd George.

In July, WSC introduced to the House major reforms in theprison system: time would be allowed to pay debts instead ofdebtors being sent to prison; suspended sentences were providedfor trivial offenses; offenses punishable by prison sentences werereduced for drunkards and youthful offenders. "The first realprinciple which should guide anyone trying to establish a goodsystem of prisons," Churchill said, "should be to prevent asmany people as possible getting there at all."

Following a cruise in the eastern Mediterranean with Clemen-tine, he returned to face a strike in the mines of South Waleswhich would eventually result in an incident in a town whosename would leave a perhaps undeserved blemish on the recordof one of the greatest Home Secretaries. The town was Tony-pandy.

SUMMER 1935: Age 60In June, Ramsay MacDonald resigned as Prime Minister and

was succeeded by Stanley Baldwin. Churchill cabled his son,"Reconstruction purely conventional," meaning that he wouldnot be brought in from the wilderness.

He attempted to establish, for Defense, a Conservative back-bench "ginger group," similar to what had existed during theIndia Bill controversy. He accepted an invitation to join a Parlia-mentary sub-committee on Defense, conditional on being freeto particpate in Parliamentary and public discussion. Mussolinirattled some sabres at Abyssinia and broke off negotiations withBritain and France. Churchill was incensed, and pressed forstrengthening the Mediterranean fleet and collective action bythe Allies.

The death of Huey Long at the hands of an assassin gave himhope that an abrupt end awaited others."The Louisiana Dictatorhas met his fate. 'Sic semper tyrannis' which means so perish allwho do the like again. This was the most clownish of theDictator tribe. Let us hope that more serious tyrants will alsolose their sway."

The great orator also had time to reflect on one of his greatestgifts. "At sixty, I am altering my method of speaking, largelyunder Randolph's tuition, and now talk to the House of Commonswith garrulous unpremeditated flow. They seem delighted. Butwhat a mystery the act of public speaking is! It all consists ofmy (mature) judgment of, assembling three or four absolutelysound arguments and putting these in the most conversationalmanner possible. There is apparently nothing in the literaryeffect I have sought for 40 Years!"

SUMMER 1960: Age 85In April Charles de Gaulle, now President of France, returned

to Britain for the first time since the war. His first visit was tothe home of Sir Winston Churchill. Churchill and de Gaulle hadhad a love-hate relationship since de Gaulle had landed onBritain's shores in 1940. Their mutual pugnacious temperamentsand the national interests of their countries caused considerableacrimony. Churchill's famous statement about the Cross ofLorraine being the greatest cross he had to bear during the warwas balanced by de Gaulle's reference to him as "le monstre deDowning Street."

Wartime rivalries and antipathies were now put aside. SirWinston greeted his guest in French, "Vous estes le bienvenuechez moi. Jusqu'a la fin de ma vie vous serez le bienvenu." (Youare welcome. Until the end of my days you will be welcome inmy home.)

De Gaulle was accorded the honor of addressing both Housesof Parliament. As the bandsmen broke into the "Marseillaise,"the eyes of the General and Sir Winston met and both welled upwith tears. But the tears changed to laughter when de Gaulleexclaimed: "If it came about in those days of June 1944 that Ifound myself by no means always in agreement with my illus-trious friend, on particular points, it is perhaps because success,henceforth assured, led us into some degree of intransigence. . . But see how time undertakes to bring out in relief whatmatters and to wipe out what counts for little."

26

ON CIVILISATIONBY WINSTON S. CHURCHILLChancellor's Address, University of Bristol, 2 July 1938

There are a few words which are used more loosely than the word "Civilisation." What does itmean? It means a society based upon the opinion of civilians. It means that violence, the rule ofwarriors and despotic chiefs, the conditions of camps and warfare, of riot and tyranny, give place toparliaments where laws are made and independent courts of justice in which over long periods thoselaws are maintained. That is Civilisation—and in its soil grow continually freedom, comfort andculture. When Civilisation reigns in any country, a wider and less harassed life is afforded to the massesof the people. The traditions of the past are cherished, and the inheritance bequeathed to us by formerwise or valiant men becomes a rich estate to be enjoyed and used by all.

The central principle of Civilisation is the subordination of the ruling authority to the settled cus-toms of the people and to their will as expressed through the Constitution. In this Island we have to-day achieved in a high degree the blessings of Civilisation. There is freedom; there is law; there is loveof country; there is a great measure of good will between classes; there is a widening prosperity. Thereare unmeasured opportunities of correcting abuses and making further progress.

In this very week we have seen a Prime Minister at the head of a large and loyal majority bow withgood grace to the customs of Parliament, and we have heard Socialist Members speaking with pride ofthe precedents of the early Seventeenth Century, and the principles of the Petition of Right. [Editor'sNote: A reference to the Report of the Committee of Privileges which inquired into the disputebetween Mr. Hore-Belisha and Mr. Duncan Sandys.] In this respect for law and sense of continuity liesone of the glories of England. And more than that, there also lies in it an important part of her strengthand safety. Such episodes are astonishing, but also educative, to countries where dictatorships prevail,and where no one dares to raise his hand against arbitrary power. They stir and cheer the minds ofmen in many lands.

We have, however, to face the problem of the turbulent, formidable world outside our shores. Whyshould not the same principles which have shaped the free, ordered, tolerant Civilisation of the BritishIsles and British Empire be found serviceable in the organization of this anxious world? Why shouldnot nations link themselves together in a larger system and establish a rule of law for the benefit of all?That surely is the supreme hope by which we should be inspired and the goal towards which we shouldmarch with resolute step.

But it is vain to imagine that the mere perception or declaration of right principles, whether in onecountry or in many countries, will be of any value unless they are supported by those qualities of civicvirtue and manly courage—aye, and by those instruments and agencies of force and science which inthe last resort must be the defense of right and reason.

Civilisation will not last, freedom will not survive, peace will not be kept, unless a very large majorityof mankind unite together to defend them and show themselves possessed of a constabulary powerbefore which barbaric and atavistic forces will stand in awe.

Here, then, we see the task which should command the exertions of the rising generation which fillsthis spacious hall, and which may bring to the life of Britain the surge of a new impulse towards theorganization of world peace, and across the gulf of these eventful years prepare and bring nearer theBrotherhood of Man.

1