Quality of water · Decrease in turbidity of the stored water in Mornos reservoir (U niv. Aegean-EYDAP) ΘΟΛΕΡΟΤΗΤΑ-1-0,5 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 Ιαν-97 Φεβ-97 Μαρ-97

Quality of water

20 Μαρτίου 2014

Following the quality of the water throughthe cycle

Professor (e) T.D. Lekkas

We follow the change of quality of water as it flows fromreservoirs through channels to treatment plants, to pipenetwork and consumption, to sewerage and final waste

treatment plant and discharge to see.

• Quality of stored water• Quality of raw water –inflow to Treatment

Plants• Quality of Treated/Tap Water• Quality of waste water to Athens Sewage

Treatment Plants• Quality of Treated Water Discharged to see• Quality of Dried Sludge

Water sources and storage

• The quality of the water used for domesticsupply is affected by :

• Catchment areas activities• Storage• Transport• Disinfection method• Treatment method• Practices of the supply network

• Effect of storage in quality

Change of Quality during storage

• In water reservoirs we have Physical,Chemical, Biological processes

• The water level fluctuation influences theseprocesses

• Generally we expect Turbidity decrease, NO3increase, pH increase, COD increase

• Rarely Harmful Algal Bloom

Mornos reservoirSchematic representation of the water system with indications of the

sampling points.

TURBIDITY

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DATE

LOG(

TURB

IDIT

Y) N

TU

MORNOS

KOKKINOS/EVINOS

LAKE'SCENTRE

WATERCONSUMINGTOWER

TURBIDITY

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DATE

LOG(

TURB

IDIT

Y) N

TU

MORNOS

KOKKINOS/EVINOS

LAKE'SCENTRE

WATERCONSUMINGTOWER

Decrease in turbidity of the stored water in Mornos reservoir(Univ. Aegean-EYDAP)

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ΜΗΝΕΣ

ΛΟΓΑ

ΡΙΘ

ΜΟ

Ι ΤΙΜ

ΩΝ

(NTU

)

ΜΟΡΝΟΣΚΟΚΚΙΝΟΣΚ.ΛΙΜΝΗΣΠΥΡ.ΥΔΡ/ΨΙΑΣ

MornosKokkinosCen. LakeWat. intake

month

Loga

rith

NTU

Turbidity

pH of the stored water increase in Mornos reservoir(Univ. Aegean-EYDAP)

pH

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ΤΙΜ

ΕΣ


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pH

NO3 increase of the stored water in Mornos reservoir(Univ. Aegean-EYDAP)

ΝΙΤΡΙΚΑ, NO3-

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ΜΗΝΕΣ

mg/

l


month

Nitrates, NO3


mg/

l

COD increase of the stored water in Mornos reservoir(Univ. Aegean-EYDAP)

ΧΗΜΙΚΑ ΑΠΑΙΤΟΥΜΕΝΟ ΟΞΥΓΟΝΟ (COD)

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ΜΗΝΕΣ

mg/

l O2



COD

month

mg/

l

• Effect of Transport in Quality

• Effect of Treatment in Quality

Legal requirements for water quality

• Council Directive 98/83 ECOn the quality of water intended for human consumption(adopted by KYA Y2/2600/01)

• Directive 2008/105/EUOn environmental quality standards in the field of waterquality (amending Directive 2000/60 EU)

Mean annual values for indicative raw water qualityparameters (2009) (EYDAP)

Unit Mornos Yliki Marathon Limits46399/1986

Conductivity

μS/cm 304 434 386 1000

Turbidity NTU 4.0 6.8 1.7Hardness mg CaCO3/L 145 196 169DOC mg/L DOC 1.4 3.7 2.5Cl- mg/L Cl- 3.2 16.3 15.5 200NO3- mg/L NO3- 0.54 0.73 0.46 50NH4+ mg/L NH4+ 0.01 0.07 0.04 1.5PO4-3 mg/L PO4--- 0.003 0 0.001 0.7 (mg

P2O7/L)

Parameter Raw Water (μg/L) Treated Water (μg/L)1 Pesticides - Organochlorine Alachlor ≤ 0,0012 Pesticides - Triazines Simazine ≤ 0,003

Atrazine ≤ 0,004Simazine ≤ 0,001Atrazine ≤ 0,001

3 Pesticides - Organophosphate Chlorpyrifos ≤ 0,004Chlorfenvinphos ≤ 0,001

Chlorpyrifos ≤ 0,001Chlorfenvinphos ≤ 0,001

4 Pesticides - Phenylureas Isoproturon ≤ 0,0455 PAHs ND ND6 VOCs ND Only in contamination

incidents (usually domesticnetwork)

7 Trihalomethanes8 Haloacetic acids9 PCBs ND ND10

Phenols ND ND

11

Surfactants Only in contaminationincidents (usually domestic

network)12

Oils and grease Only in contaminationincidents (usually domestic

network)

13

Cyanotoxins - Microcystins MC-LR ≤ 12MC-RR ≤ 20MC-YR ≤ 22

(All grab samples -Marathonas)

ND

14

Cyanotoxins - Nodularin ND ND

15

Cyanotoxins - Cylindrpoepermopsin Currently investigated Currently investigated

16

Cyanotoxins – Anatoxin -a Currently investigated Currently investigated

17

Cyanotoxins - BMAA Currently investigated Currently investigated

18

Off-odour compounds (geosmin and2-methylisoborneol)

Currently investigated Currently investigated

Organic compoundsof interest.First column for rawwater.Second column fortap water.

Results (2009-2011)(research byEYDAP)

Raw Water Quality

• Raw water meets all the requirement of Dir.98/83 EC. Following groups of compounds werenot detected:

• Pesticides• PAHs• VOCs• PCBs• Surfactants• Oil and Grease

Compound (Emerging Pollutants ) not listed inDirective 98/83 but of important for water

quality should be investigated in raw water:

• Endocrine Disrupting Compounds,• Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products,• Cyanobacterial Toxins,• Treatment Byproducts,• Chemicals migrating from materials in contact

with water etc.

• We start the water treatment withan excellent quality

EYDAP

The four Water Treatment Plants arethe following:

Galatsi WTP (1931)600.000 m3/dMenidi WTP (1978/1992)850.000 m3/dPolydendri WTP(1986)200.000 m3/dAspropyrgos WTP(1995)220.000 m3/d

TOTAL CAPACITY1.970.000 m3/d

SCREEN

Mixing withcoagulant/

FLOCCULATION

Coagulantchlorine

SEDIMEDATION /

SEPERATION

FILTER

POST- CHLORINATION

Conventional treatment method

Raw water arriving at the WTP contains Suspended Solids, Dissolved

Solids (Natural Organic Matter and Inorganic Matter) and

Microorganisms. It is practically free from Agrochemicals, VOCs, PAHs,

Phenols, Surfactants and Cyanotoxins.

WATER TREATMENT PLANTS

GalatsiGalatsiWater Treatment PlantWater Treatment Plant (1931)(1931)

AcharnesAcharnesWater Treatment PlantWater Treatment Plant (1978)(1978)

Average Treatment Capacity:

550.000 m3 per day

After the completion of works in 2006 thedesigned maximum capacity is 800.000m3 perday but it is depended on network incapacity


600.000 m3 per day

WATER TREATMENT PLANTS

PolydendriPolydendriWater Treatment PlantWater Treatment Plant (1986)(1986)

AspropyrgosAspropyrgosWater Treatment PlantWater Treatment Plant (1996)(1996)


200.000 m3 per day


200.000 m3 per day

Mean annual values of raw and treated water main parameters inAcharnai WTP (2009) (EYDAP)

Parameter Unit Raw water Treated water Limits /Y2

2600/2001Min

.Mean Max. Min. Mean Max.

Temperature o C 8 14 18 9 14 18Color mg/L Pt 0 2 4 0 0 2pH 7.9 8.26 8.4 7.50 7.75 7.90 6.5-9.5Turbidity NTU 1.9 4.00 80 0.05 0.13 0.5 1Electr.conduct μS/cm 262 295.1 344 281 304.7 417 2500Total diss. Sol. mg/L 140 156 160 146 159 163

Aluminum μg/L Al 45 79.1 143 200Bromide μg/L Br- 2 6 10 0 0 0Free resid. Cl2 mg/L 0 0 0 0.5 0.69 0.85Nitrate mg/L NO3- 0 0.45 1.31 0.13 0.47 1.28 50Nitrite mg/L NO2- 0 0 0.017 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1Ammonium mg/L NH4+ 0 0.02 0.05 0.0 0.003 0.08 0.5Chloride mg/L Cl- 3.1 3.4 4.1 4.6 5.2 6.0 250Fluoride mg/L F- 0.06 0.07 0.09 1.5Sulfate mg/L SO4-- 18.

520.2 21.4 12 25.6 27.5 250

Phosphate mg/L PO4--- 0.000 0.001 0.007Sodium mg/L Na 4.2 4.6 5.1 4.3 4.6 5.1 200Potassium mg/L K 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.7 0.9 1.2 12DOC mg/L DOC 1.0 1.5 2.7 1.0 1.2 2.3

)

• Raw water , turbidity 4 NTU, Al 0 μg/l,• Treated water 0.13 NTU, Al 79.1 μg/l,

Mean annual values for metals of raw and treated water inAcharnai WTP (2009) (EYDAP)

Parameter Unit Raw water Treated waterMin. Mean Max. Limits

46399/

1986

Min. Mean Max. Limits

Y2 2600/

2001Lead μg/L Pb 0.0 0.34 2.2 50 0 0.23 1.6 10

Mercury μg/L Hg 0 0.018 0.054 0.5/1 0 0.024 0.084 1

Antimony μg/L Sb 0 0.14 1.0 0 0.12 0.63 5

Cadmium μg/L Cd 0 0.027 0.14 1/5 0 0.014 0.066 5

Total Cr μg/L Cr 0 0.20 0.55 50 0 0.18 0.44 50

Silver μg/L Ag 0 0.014 0.070 0 0.14 0.44 10

Arsenic μg/L As 0 0.18 1.5 50 0 0.16 0.92 10

Copper μg/L Cu 0 1.1 5.6 50 0 1 6.3 2000

Zinc μg/L Zn 0 12 102 1000

/5000

0 2 22

Mean annual values for bacteria concentrations of raw andtreated water in Acharnai WTP (2009) (EYDAP)

Parameter Unit Raw water Treated water


46399/

1986


Y2 2600/

2001

Totalcoliforms

CFU/100mL

10 950 2000+ 5000 0 0 0 0

Esch. coli CFU/100mL

10 46.4 320 2000 0 0 0 0

Enterococci CFU/100mL

0 12.6 36 1000 0 0 0 0

Mean annual values for THMs concentrations of raw and treatedwater in Acharnai WTP (2009) (EYDAP)



46399/

1986


Y2 2600/

2001

TCM μg/L 0 0 0 9.6 13.27 18

BDCM μg/L 0 0 0 4.2 6.71 8.7

DBCM μg/L 0 0 0 0.6 1.18 2.4

TBM μg/L 0 0 0 0.0 0.18 0.5

TTHMs μg/L 0 0 0 14.9 21.05 26.9 100

Mean values for HAAs concentrations of raw and treated water inPolydendri WTP (2011) (EYDAP)


Min. Mean Max. Limits Min. Mean Max. Limits

WHO2004 /

USEPA1998

MCA μg/L 0 0 0 0.8 1.6 3.9 20

DCA μg/L 0 0 0 5.7 7.8 13.1 50

TCA μg/L 0 0 0 4.0 5.5 8.1 200

MBA μg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0.1

DBA μg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0.1

HAA5 μg/L 0 0 0 11.3 15 25 60

In order to remove Suspended Solids we add sulphates

THMs and HAAs formation in the WTPs of EYDAP

y = 11,926x2,1146

R2 = 0,8097

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5

DOC (mg/l)

TTH

Ms+

THA

As

(μg/

l)

ΤΤΗΜs+ΤΗΑΑs as a function of DOC. 2001- 2002 Galatsi. Samples were taken after theSedimentation Tank just before the sand filter and the GAC filter . (Univ. Aegean)

THMs and HAAs formation in the WTPs of EYDAP

y = 33,131e0,3999x

R2 = 0,78030

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

DOC (mg/l)

TTH

Ms

+ TH

AA

s (μ

g/l)

ΤΤΗΜs+ΤΗΑΑs as a function of DOC. 2003- 2005 Galatsi. Samples were taken after the Sedimentation Tank just before the sand filter and the GAC filter . (Univ. Aegean)

Effect of conventional treatment on the quality of thewater supply

• Treatment removes suspended solid but addsaluminum and sulphate

• Chlorination kills microorganisms but forms DBP’s

• Dissolved chemicals get through the treatment plant

• Water supply should be free from pathogens but alsofree from undesirable chemical compounds

We need a new approach in the water supplytreatment methods

• Water treatment processes should be modified withthe aim to:

• Remove organic substrate (TOC) before disinfection ofany kind-not only chlorination

• Remove chemicals i.e. emerging chemicals, especiallyin places where water is taking from rivers whichreceive used water

• Remove Disinfection By Products at whatever stage itis possible and this removal should be compoundspecific

Strategies for removing organic matter, DBPsand emerging pollutants

• Protection of catchment area• Removal of organic substrate before

disinfection• Modification of the treatment methods e.g.

adsorption processes like Activated Carbonor strong oxidation processes such ascatalytic oxidation especially when we reusetreated waste water

GAC pilot plant : a rapid gravity GAC filter- adsorber operated at GalatsiTreatment Works in parallel with the sand filter for one year and in series

with the sand filter for two years (research by Univ. Aegean)

• GAC filter column: constructedof plexiglass and stainlesssteel.

• Equipped with a total-flowmeter before the inlet.

• Equipped for backwashing• Ports located at different

depths on the GAC column,connected with siliconsampling tubes andpolypropylene tubes for headloss measurement

• Equipped with a peristalticpump for sampling at isokineticconditions.

TTHMs removal profile by GAC filter-adsorber(Univ. Aegean )

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 50 100 150 200 250

D a ys o f o p e ra tio n

TTHMs

(μg/L)

in fluen tw a ter

G A Ceffluen tw a ter

s andeffluen tw a ter

THAAs removal profile by GAC filter-adsorber(Univ. Aegean)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 50 100 150 200 250

Da ys o f o p e ra tio n

THAA

s (μg

/L)

in fluentwater

G A Ceffluentwater

s andeffluentwater

0

1

2

3

4

0 50 100 150 200 250

Days of operation

DOC

(mg/

L)

influentwater

GACeffluentwater

sandeffluentwater

DOC removal by GAC(Univ. Aegean)

0

1

2

0 50 100 150 200 250

Da ys of ope ra tion

TTHM

s an

d TH

AAs

rem

oval

(mg

/g G

AC)

TTHM s

THA A s

Cumulative DBPs mass removal(Univ. Aegean)

Desorption from GAC of THMs( Univ. Aegean )

Cumulative mass of ΤΤΗΜs of THAAs absorbed or disorbed by GAC

Συν ολικό φ ορτίο Τ Τ ΗΜ s και T HAAs αν ά μον άδαμάζας άν θρακα κατά τον κύκλο προσρόφ ησης από

G AC μετά τη διήθηση

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0 200 400 600 800

Ημέρες λ ειτουργ ίας

mg

ουσί

ας /

g GA

C

TTHM sTHA A s

Days

mg

of D

BPs/

g GA

C

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Days of operation

DOC

rem

oval

(mg

/ g G

AC)

DOC

GAC continues to remove DOC(Univ. Aegean)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Days of operation

μg/

L

TCMinfluent

TCMeffluent

TCM is absorbed for 200 days then desorbed

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Days of operation

μg/L

BDCMinfluent

BDCMeffluent

BDCM is absorbed for 200 days then desorbed(Univ. Aegean)

The use of activated carbon shouldbe operationally checked for:

“ performance on specificcompounds and not only by

measuring the reduction of DOC ortotal chlorinated compounds”

CONSUMPTIONCONSUMPTION

DOMESTIC USE63 %

NON-DOMESTIC USE(LARGE CONSUMERS)

28%

OTHER USES9% INDUSTRIAL &

COMMERCIAL USE7%

MUNICIPALITIES21%

The water supply network does not haveany significant effect on quality.

However• An increase in DBP’ is measured in

remote areas•Accidental quality problems might occur

• Waste water

PsyttaliaIsland

Mainland InstallationsAkrokeramos Piraeus Port

Akrokeramos - Wastewater Pretreatment FacilitiesInlet Pumping stationDebris RemovalScreeningGrit RemovalOdor Control

Psyttalia Wastewater Treatment Facilities• Primary Sedimentation Tanks• Biological Reactor Tanks• Final Sedimentation Tanks• Filtration - U.V. Disinfection

Psyttalia Sludge Treatment Facilities• Thickening Tanks and Belt presses• Digester Tanks• Dewatering centrifuges• Thermal Drying Plant

DESIGN PARAMETERS• Population equivalent : 5 400 000• Design flow-rate (mean): 1.100.000 m3/d

(max) : 1.120.000 m3/d• Peak flow-rate : 27m3/s

16 m3/s (to biological treatment)

POLLUTANS LOAD (max kg/d)• Biological Oxygen Demand BOD5 : 233.000• Chemical Oxygen Demand COD : 445.000• Suspended Solids SS : 290.000• Total Nitrogen TN : 49.000

• Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids MLSS : 3.500 mg/l

Psyttalia WWTP Flow - diagram

BIOGAS THERMAL ENERGY

NATURAL GAS

ELECTRIC ENERGY THERMAL ENERGY

SLUDGEMECHANICALTHICKENING (BELTS)

EFFLUENT FINAL SETTLING TANKS BIOREACTORS

DEWATERING

PUMPING

COGENERATION(NATURAL GAS) DRYING

DRIED SLUDGE UTILIZATION

WASTEWATER INFLOW PUMPING SCREENINGGRIT REMOVALPRIMARY

SEDIMENTATION

COGENERATION (BIOGAS) ELECTRIC ENERGY

GRAVITY THICKENING(TANKS) DIGESTION

535353

Screening

Inlet pumpingstation

Grit removal

Debrisremoval

Odor controlplant

Twin invertedsiphon

Final Settling

Biological Reactor Tanks

Primary SedimentationTanks

Filtration

Pretreated wastewaterfrom Salamis Island2 pipes on sea bed

Future transport of disinfectedwater from Psyttalia to Salamis

for possible irrigation use1 pipe on sea bed

2 Main outfall pipes1 emergency pipe

Primary Sludge ThickeningTanks

Digester Gas StorageTanks

Sludge Digester Tanks

Digester Gas CHPPlants

Sludge Thermal Drying Plant

Natural Gas TurbineCHP Pl

Sludge Dewatering

• Effect of Sewage Treatment onWater Quality

PSYTTALIA WWTP JAN.-JUL. 2011Input/Output of WWTP (data by eydap)

PARAMETERmg/l

INPUTmg/l

OUTPUTmg/l

%REDUCTION

CODt 704 40,3 94,2CODd 205 25,8 87,4BOD5 306 10,0 96,7

TSS 321 12,5 96,1SVS 262 9,4 96,4

N-NH3 37,5 O,3 99,2TKN 57,4 3,7 93,6TP 8,9 2 77,5TC 284,5 62,2 78,1IC 81,2 48,2 40,6

TOC 303,3 13,8 95,4

PSYTTALIA WWTP JAN.-JUL. 2011Input/Output of WWTP

PARAMETERμg/l

INPUTμg/l

OUTPUTμg/l

% REDUCTION

Cr 139 33,0 76,2

Ni 74,1 29,4 60,3

Cu 84,9 15,0 82,3

Cd 0,4 0,1 75,0

Pb 26,0 4,8 81,5

Zn 247,2 140,8 43,0

As 4,9 3,8 22,4

Hg 0,6 0,5 16,7

Metals are removed with the Sludge

PSYTTALIA WWTP-JAN-JUL. 2011Dried Sludge

Metal Mg/KgTS 92,9%VS 61,6%

Cr 209,5Ni 64,3Cu 338,6Cd 1,9Pd 136,0Zn 743,2As 8,4Hg 3,5

PSYTTALIA WWTP JAN.-JUL. 2011Input/Output of WWTP

PARAMETERmg/l

INPUTmg/l

OUTPUTmg/l

%REDUCTION

%INCREASE

Cl 140,8 170,2 20,9NO2 1,2 0,4 66,7

Br 0,4 0,4 0NO3 2,8 22,5 357,1PO4 9,3 2,5 73,9SO4 74,7 84 12,4Na 115,7 128 10,6

NH4 48 1,0 97,9K 36 34,2 5,0

Mg 19,8 19,5 1,5Ca 86 78,4 8,8

PSYTTALIA WWTP JUL. 2011Input/Output of WWTP

Emerging Pollutants: Removals (Univ. Athens )Pollutants(# of compounds)

N# ofcompoundsdetected at

inlet

Removed >80%

Removed 20-80%

NotRemoved

(

Biological Treatment performs satisfactorily for theconventional parameters i.e.BOD, COD, SS, Ammonia, Phosphorus, Metalsbutout of 143 compounds detected at the input ofPsyttalia (emerging pollutants)76 were less than 20% removed,36 were half removed and only21 were satisfactorily removed.The non removed compounds belong to the categoriesof pharmaceuticals,drugs of abuse and psychotropic drugs,benzotriazoles and perfluorinated compounds.(Univ. Athens)

Consumption of Drugs of Abuse (Environmental Forensics) inthe area covered by EYDAPs sewerage system. Daily

consumption estimates are based on concentrations atPsyttalia inlet. (Univ. Athens)

COCΑΙΝΕ

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

(03/4) (04/4) (05/4) (06/4) (07/4) (08/4) (09/4) (10/4)

g/d

Ecstasy

0

5

10

15

20

25

(03/4) (04/4) (05/4) (06/4) (07/4) (08/4) (09/4) (10/4)

g/d

We observe higher consumption during weekends

THC-cannabis

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

(05/12) (06/12) (07/12) (08/12) (09/12) (10/12) (11/12)

g/da

y

Heroin

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

(05/12) (06/12) (07/12) (08/12) (09/12) (10/12) (11/12)g/

day

Constant consumption of Cannabis and Heroin throughout theweek

Consumption of Drugs of Abuse (Environmental Forensics) in thearea covered by EYDAPs sewerage system. Daily consumptionestimates are based on concentrations at Psyttalia inlet (Univ.

Athens)

Consumption of drugs of abuse and psychotropicdrugs

(Environmental Forensics)

Illicit Drug

1st sampling (Dec 2010) 2nd sampling (Apr 2011)

Weeklyconsumption in

kg

Percentage (%) ofpopulation that areconsumers drugs

Weeklyconsumption in kg

Percentage (%) ofpopulation that are

consumers ofdrugs

Cocaine (COC) 3,31 0,12 4,04 0,13

Heroin (HER) 5,9 * 0,70 * 8,1 * 0.85 *

Amphetamine 3,00 0,35 1,59 0,17

Methamphetamine 0,14 0,017 0,16 0,017

MDMA (ecstasy) 0,039 0,0014 0,066 0,0021

THC (cannabis) - - 192,3 5,5

Methadone 0,142 - 0,27 -

Codeine 1,03 - 1,41 -

* Corrected for therapeutic morphine (10%)

0

20

40

60

80

100

NP

NP1

EO

NP2

EO

TC

S

BPA IB

F

NPX

DC

F

KFN BT

ri

TT

ri

OH

BT

MT

BT

ΒΤ

PFPe

A

Target Compounds

Fat

e du

ring

was

tew

ater

trea

tmen

t

Loss Primary Sludge Secondary s ludge Effluents

NSAIDs BTrs BTs PFCsEDCs

Fate of the target compounds during wastewater treatment

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

IBF

DC

F

NP

X

KF

N

TC

S

BP

A

NP

NP

1E

O

NP

2E

O

OH

BT

ri

BT

ri

TT

ri

5,6

DM

Tri

OH

BT

MT

BT

BT

AB

T

PF

PeA

PF

Hp

A

PF

OA

PF

NA

PF

DA

PF

Ud

A

PF

Hx

S

PF

OS

PF

OS

A

Target Compounds

Dis

trib

utio

n of

targ

et c

ompo

unds

in w

aste

wat

er(%

dis

/tota

l)

Distribution of target compounds between dissolved and particulate phase in influent wastewater.

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

IBF

TC

S

BPA

KFN

NP2

EO

OH

BT

R

MT

BT

NP1

EO ΒΤ

PFO

SA TT

ri

BT

ri

PFPe

A

NP

NPX

OH

BT

DC

F

PFN

A

5,6

DM

Tri

PFH

pA

PFH

xA

AB

T

PFO

S

PFD

A

PFO

A

PFH

xS

PFuD

A

Target Compounds

Rem

oval

eff

icie

ncy

in S

TP

(%)

Effluents

Sludge

Loss

Removal

> 70% 30 - 69%

17%

50%

33%

treatment with PAC

Απομάκρυνση >80%

Απομάκρυνση 20-80%

Απομάκρυνση 80%

Απομάκρυνση 20-80%

Απομάκρυνση 10% removed.

Waste Water Treatment methods should bemodified to provide removal of organic

compounds

Oxidation (chemical and not biological) downto inorganic products is environmentally the

preferable approach

We have to integrate

Scientists and Laboratories contributing to thispresentation:

Researchers: N. Thomaides (Univ. Athens), A.Stasinakis, D.F. Lekkas, K.Babi, A.Nikolaou, (Univ.Aegean), F. Miskaki, T. Kaloudis, C. Dimitrou, H.Farmaki, A. Kagiara, D. Koronakis, S. Samios, E.Tarnara, N.C. Thanasoulias, A Tsakou, D. Tsorova, G.Vassilantonopoulou, G. Villiotis (EYDAP S.A.)Laboratories : Lab. of analytical chemistry, Univ.Athens, Lab. of water and air quality , Univ. Aegean,Four Labs of EYDAP.

Documents

Quality of water · Decrease in turbidity of the stored water in Mornos reservoir (U niv. Aegean-EYDAP) ΘΟΛΕΡΟΤΗΤΑ-1-0,5 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 Ιαν-97 Φεβ-97 Μαρ-97