Putting an end to fatalities: How behaviour-based safety

Putting an end to

fatalities: How

behaviour-based

safety can eliminate

serious injuries and

fatalities in the oil and

gas industryDaryl Wake

Senior Consultant

27th April, 2016

©2016 DEKRA Insight. All rights reserved.

Why is This So Important?


Comparison of Non-Fatal Injury Rates


Comparison of Fatality Rates


• Based on 2008-2009 data, company populations, and using a basis of 100 employees.

• 1028 cases in total studied.

The Safety Triangle IS DescriptiveIncident Type Average

Rate

Serious Injury/Fatality 0.0014

Restricted/Loss Time Injury 0.30

Medical Treatment 0.98


What Is SIF Exposure?

SIF

Actual

SIF

Potential

SIF

Exposure

• Realistic/reasonable

possibility

• Repeat exposure 100X

• One or two things

change

• If not for luck…

• Employee perspective

• SIF Precursor

• Discovery

• Life-Threatening

Injury or Illness

• Life-Altering Injury

or Illness

• Fatality

Very few “Actuals” + many “Potentials” = SIF Exposure


The Safety Triangle ISNOT Predictive

A sub-set of all reported cases will have SIF exposure.

A reduction of injuries across the bottom of the triangle and working outside of SIF triangle will not correspond to a proportionate reduction of SIFs.

SIF

NEAR-HITS

FIRST AID CASES

MEDICAL CASES

RESTRICTED DUTY

LOST TIME

21%

Potentially

SIF


SIF Precursor

SIF Precursor = a high-risk situation in which management

controls are either absent, ineffective, or not complied with

and which will result in a serious or fatal injury if allowed to

continue.

High Risk

Situation

Management

Control(s)

Allowed to

Continue

• Absent

• Ineffective

• Not Complied

With

• Culture

• Leadership

• SIF

Exposure

• 81%

Routine

©2016 DEKRA Insight. All rights reserved. ©2015 DEKRA Insight. All rights reserved. ©2016 DEKRA Insight. All rights reserved.

FOUR THINGS

ORGANISATIONS MUST

DO


Four Things Organisations Must Do

1. Educate Senior Leaders on SIF:

• They need to understand this problem before they can act on it.

• The solutions to the SIF problem require their attention.

• Enlist their sponsorship.

2. Provide Visibility to SIF Exposure:

• Define “SI”F: Life-Threatening vs. Life-Altering.

• Determine SIF Exposure Potential: Judgment-based versus Decision-tree.

• Calculate SIF Exposure Rate: SIF Recordable and SIF Total.


SIF Classification Scheme – SampleFatality or life altering injury

resulted

Involves confined space, LOTO, PTW, work at height, fall > 2m,

hot work

Fire, explosion, or HazMat LOPC

involved

Struck by/caught between vehicle or powered

equipment

Slip/trip/fall at ground level

Psychological stress is sole outcome

Sprain/strain or other soft tissue injury is

sole outcome

No

No

No

No

No

No SIF potential

Yes

Yes

Yes

Not SIF Potential, but flag for

further review

No

Not SIF Potential

Yes

Yes

Yes


Four Things Organisations Must Do (continued)

3. Know Your SIF Precursors:

• Three places where they hide:

1. High Risk/High Exposure Tasks (71% Routine).

2. Management Systems Missing, Deficient, or Not Complied With.

3. Allowed to Continue.

4. Integrate Interventions into Existing SMS:

• Life Saving Safety Rules, Pre-Task Risk Assessments, Pausing Work, Incident Handling Systems (reporting, reaction, investigation, etc.), BBS processes

©2016 DEKRA Insight. All rights reserved. ©2015 DEKRA Insight. All rights reserved. ©2016 DEKRA Insight. All rights reserved.

BBS SIF INTERVIEW

AND OBSERVATION

PROCESS –

FOUR ELEMENTS


1. Defining A SIF-Specific Protection Checklist

Sources:

• Life Saving Rules

• Life Saving Processes

• Permitted Procedures

• Incidents

• Near Hit Reports

• BBS Data

SIF Protection Verification Checklist

Category 4.4: Protection from exposure to falling into moving machinery or from height ≥ 4ft (e.g., ladders, platforms, docks)?

The following behaviors and conditions are critical to preventing falls into moving machinery or from height ≥ 4ft. Absence of these behaviors and conditions lead to incidents that may be severe, life altering or life threating. INSTRUCTIONS: For each behavior or condition, mark Protected (P), Exposed (E), or N/O (Not Observed).

# SIF Protection Measure P E N/O

1 Fall Protection Plan / Risk Assessment / JHA / JSA Posted P E N/O

2 Correct use of PFAS (includes all items below)

5000 lb rated anchor P E N/O

Lanyard /anchor systems set to prevent contact P E N/O

PFAS inspection current / in good condition P E N/O

Body harness worn correctly P E N/O

3 6" Rule used P E N/O

4 OSHA approved barricades (handrail and toe board) or car top handrail system

P E N/O

5 Ladders used are approved and designed for use, inspected, safe working condition

P E N/O

6 Any floor and wall openings (over 12" x 12" x 4') are covered P E N/O

7 Employee uses 3 point contact when ascending or descending P E N/O

8 Body stays within rails (no leaning or reaching) P E N/O

9 Machine guarding in place P E N/O

10 Scaffold erected, inspected and approved by competent and qualified person

P E N/O

Totals:


2. Changing The Observation Strategy

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Boiler Inspection Boiler Inspection Boiler Inspection Roof / Drain Roof / Gutter

Sprinkler Test Sprinkler Test Sprinkler Test Sprinkler Test Sprinkler Test

Line Labeling Line Labeling Line Lableing Forklift Annual Forklift Annual

Heat Exchanger Heat Exchanger Heat Exchanger Heat Exchanger Heat Exchanger

Hoist Inspect Hoist Inspect Hoist Inspect

Preventive Maintenance Calendar

SIF Protection Verification Checklist

Category 4.4: Protection from exposure to falling into moving machinery or from height ≥ 4ft (e.g., ladders, platforms, docks)?

The following behaviors and conditions are critical to preventing falls into moving machinery or from height ≥ 4ft. Absence of these behaviors and conditions lead to incidents that may be severe, life altering or life threating. INSTRUCTIONS: For each behavior or condition, mark Protected (P), Exposed (E), or N/O (Not Observed).

# SIF Protection Measure P E N/O

1 Fall Protection Plan / Risk Assessment / JHA / JSA Posted P E N/O

2 Correct use of PFAS (includes all items below)

5000 lb rated anchor P E N/O

Lanyard /anchor systems set to prevent contact P E N/O

PFAS inspection current / in good condition P E N/O

Body harness worn correctly P E N/O

3 6" Rule used P E N/O

4 OSHA approved barricades (handrail and toe board) or car top handrail system

P E N/O

5 Ladders used are approved and designed for use, inspected, safe working condition

P E N/O

6 Any floor and wall openings (over 12" x 12" x 4') are covered P E N/O

7 Employee uses 3 point contact when ascending or descending P E N/O

8 Body stays within rails (no leaning or reaching) P E N/O

9 Machine guarding in place P E N/O

10 Scaffold erected, inspected and approved by competent and qualified person

P E N/O

Totals:


3. Developing Your Observers To Be SIF Interviewers

• Credentials for SIF interviewers:

• Credible, well-respected by all employees.

• Skilled observers – BBS observers, Supervisors, Managers, etc.

• Safety role models, influential.

• Excellent communicators, establishing rapport.

• Understand how organisational systems work.

• Ability to deal with sensitive situations.

• Interviewing Skills workshops

• Infield Coaching


4. Establishing Systems-Oriented Action Planning

• Integration with / modification to existing systems.

• Upward feedback for barrier removal.

• Leadership support and involvement.

• Maintenance, repair, capital investments.

• Operational process modifications.

Barrier removal/action planning requires

management interest, attention and investment


Contribution to The Hierarchy of ControlsSafety dependsLEAST

Onemployee Behaviour

Safetydepends MOST

Onemployee Behaviour

Elimination

Engineering Controls/Isolation

Administrative Controls

Personal Protective Equipment

Complete redesign of the system to remove the exposure

Isolate hazard; install guards and/or interlocks; build barriers; use light curtain; develop new tool

Post signs and warning; Write procedures and rulesTrain employees

Provide protective equipment forEmployee (e.g., hard hats, respirators)

Exposure Eliminated

Exposure possible during maintenance operations or emergencies

Exposure controlled IF employees rigorouslycomply and IF culture supports compliance andIF leadership maintains commitment to oversight

Used when hazard is unpredictable or pervasive;control is dependent on proper selection and use.

1

2

3

4

5

Substitution

Exposure significantly reducedSwitch out a process step with a less hazardous step; Use low voltage system versus high voltage; replace a toxic material with a non-toxic material

Gimmicks; incentives;hollow threats

Employee seen as the cause of exposure and requiringmotivation, no change in exposure

© 2016 DEKRA Insight. All rights reserved. All trademarks are owned by DEKRA

Insight, reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off.; Reg. OHIM and other countries as listed on our

website. No modifications, reproduction or use for training or distribution

outside of your organization without written permission from DEKRA Insight.

Documents

Putting an end to fatalities: How behaviour-based safety