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Puritans and Proprietors
The development of the New England, Middle and other
Southern colonies
Take Five
How did the New England colonial settlements differ from the settlements in the Chesapeke?
New England Colonies
Virginia Company of Plymouth Pilgrims
MayflowerPawtuxet
Squanto Government
Mayflower CompactWilliam Bradford
Economy
The Mayflower Compact
William Bradford
Squanto: Friend or Foe?
Squanto acted as
Interpreter between
the Massasoit natives
and the Pilgrims
Take Five
What were the reasons for John Winthrop’s sermon “A city on a hill”?
Massachusetts Bay ColonyPuritans
John CottonJohn Winthrop
“a city on a hill”Anne BradstreetCotton Mather
GovernmentCommonwealth “Blue laws”
The Scarlet LetterEconomy
social statusfarmingeducation
Harvard (1636)
Cotton Mather
John Winthrop
Take Five
What is a dissenter?
What was the problem with the Puritan leaders against Anne Hutchinson?
Other New England Colonies
Rhode IslandRoger Williams
Separation of church and stateAnne Hutchinson
New HampshireJohn Wheelwright
ConnecticutRev. Thomas Hooker
Roger Williams
Anne Hutchinson
Conflicts between New England and the Natives..(1636-1637)
Pequots verypowerful tribein CT river valley.1637 PequotWar
Whites, withNarragansettIndian allies,attacked Pequotvillage on Mystic River.Whites set fire to homes & shot fleeing survivors!Pequot tribe virtually annihilated an uneasy peace lasted for 40 years.
King Philip’s War (1675-1676)
Only hope for Native Americans to resist white settlers was to UNITE.Metacom [King Philip to white settlers]
Massasoit’s son united Indians and staged coordinated attacks on white settlements throughout New England.Frontier settlements forced to retreat to Boston.
Metacom (King Phillip)
After his defeat, King
Phillip was drawn and
quartered and his head
placed on a pike as a
warning to other natives..
Royal and Proprietary Colonies
Maryland (1632)
Catholics
Lords Baltimore
George Calvert
Cecilius Calvert
Act of Toleration
The Lords Baltimore
George Calvert Cecil Calvert
The Middle colonies:
New York; New Jersey; Pennsylvania; Delaware
Settling the Middle Settling the Middle [or “Restoration”] Colonies[or “Restoration”] Colonies
Settling the Middle Settling the Middle [or “Restoration”] Colonies[or “Restoration”] Colonies
The Dutch Colonies
New Netherlands
Dutch Reformed Church
Peter Minuit
patroonships
New Sweden
Peter Stuyvesant
New York
The Duke of York (James II)
Henry Hudson’s Henry Hudson’s VoyagesVoyages
Henry Hudson’s Henry Hudson’s VoyagesVoyages
Company town run in interests of the stockholders.
No interest in religious toleration, free speech, or democracy.
Governors appointed by the Company were autocratic.
Religious dissenters against Dutch Reformed Church [including Quakers] were persecuted.
Local assembly with limited power to make laws established after repeated protests by colonists.
New Amsterdam Harbor, New Amsterdam Harbor, 16391639
New Amsterdam Harbor, New Amsterdam Harbor, 16391639
New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam, 16601660
New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam, 16601660
Characteristics of New Amsterdam:
Aristocratic patroonships [feudal estates granted to promoters who would settle 50 people on them].
Cosmopolitan diverse population with many different languages.
New Netherlands &New Netherlands &New SwedenNew Sweden
New Netherlands &New Netherlands &New SwedenNew Sweden
Swedes in New Swedes in New NetherlandsNetherlands
Swedes in New Swedes in New NetherlandsNetherlandsMid-1600s Sweden in Golden Age
settled small, under-funded colony [called “New Sweden”] near New Netherland.
1655 Dutch under director-general Peter Stuyvesant attack New Sweden.
Main fort fell after bloodless siege.
New Sweden absorbed into New Netherland.
New Netherlands Becomes a New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal ColonyBritish Royal Colony
New Netherlands Becomes a New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal ColonyBritish Royal ColonyCharles II granted New Netherland’s land to his
brother, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!]
1664 English soldiers arrived.
Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses.
Stuyvesant forced to surrender without firing a shot.
Renamed “New York”
England gained strategic harbor between her northern & southern colonies.
England now controlled the Atlantic coast!
The Duke of York will become King James II after the death of his brother Charles II
Duke of York’s Original Duke of York’s Original CharterCharter
Duke of York’s Original Duke of York’s Original CharterCharter
The Quakers
Pennsylvania, Delaware and New Jersey
Quakers-The Society of Friends
William Penn
George Fox
Economy
Farming
Great cities
Philadelphia
William Penn
George Fox
The QuakersThe QuakersThe QuakersThe QuakersCalled Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices.
They offended religious & secular leaders in England.
Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England.
They met without paid clergy
Believed all were children of God refused to treat the upper classes with deference.
Keep hats on.
Addressed them as commoners ”thees”/“thous.”
Wouldn’t take oaths.
Pacifists.
Penn’s Treaty with Penn’s Treaty with thetheNative AmericansNative Americans
Penn’s Treaty with Penn’s Treaty with thetheNative AmericansNative Americans
Pennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian SocietyAttracted many different people
Religious misfits from other colonies.
Many different ethnic groups.
No provision for military defense.
No restrictions on immigration.
No slavery!!
“Blue Laws” [sumptuary laws] against stage
plays, cards, dice, excessive hilarity, etc.
A society that gave its citizens economic opportunity,
civil liberty, & religious freedom!!
Urban Population GrowthUrban Population Growth1650 - 17751650 - 1775
Urban Population GrowthUrban Population Growth1650 - 17751650 - 1775
New Jersey — PA’s New Jersey — PA’s NeighborNeighbor
New Jersey — PA’s New Jersey — PA’s NeighborNeighbor
1664 aristocratic proprietors
rcvd. the area from the Duke
of York.
Many New Englanders [because of
worn out soil] moved to NJ.
1674 West NJ sold to Quakers.
East NJ eventually acquired by Quakers.
1702 E & W NJ combined into
NJ and created one colony.
Delaware — PA’s Delaware — PA’s NeighborNeighbor
Delaware — PA’s Delaware — PA’s NeighborNeighborNamed after Lord De La Warr
[harsh military governor of VA in 1610].
Closely associated with Penn’s colony.
1703 granted its own assembly.
Remained under the control of PA until the American Revolution.
Ethnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEthnic Groups
Take Five
What societal changes will take place in the middle colonies (particularly PA) within 50-75 years of its establishment?
The Carolinas
GovernmentThe Fundamental Constitution of Carolina
Anthony Ashley CooperJohn Locke
Feudal systemNorth Carolina
small farmersSouth Carolina
trading post to plantationsrice, cotton, indigoslaves
The West Indies The West Indies Way Station Way Station to Mainland Americato Mainland America
The West Indies The West Indies Way Station Way Station to Mainland Americato Mainland America
1670 a group of small English farmers from the West Indies arrived in Carolina.
Were squeezed out by sugar barons.
Brought a few black slaves and a model of the Barbados slave code with them.
Named for King Charles II.
The King granted Carolina to 8 supporters [Lord Proprietors].
They hoped to use Carolina to supply their plantations in Barbados with food and export wine, silk, and olive oil to Europe.
Settling the “Lower Settling the “Lower South”South”
Settling the “Lower Settling the “Lower South”South”
The primary export.
Rice was still an exotic food in England.
Was grown in Africa, so planters imported West African slaves.
These slaves had a genetic trait that made them immune to malaria.
By 1710 black slaves were a majority in Carolina.
Crops of Crops of the the Carolinas: Carolinas: RiceRice
Crops of Crops of the the Carolinas: Carolinas: RiceRice
American Long American Long Grain RiceGrain Rice
Crops of theCrops of theCarolinas: Carolinas:
IndigoIndigo
Crops of theCrops of theCarolinas: Carolinas:
IndigoIndigoIn colonial times, the main use for indigo was as a dye for spun cotton threads that were woven into cloth for clothes.
Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye for cotton work clothes & blue jeans.
Rice & Indigo ExportsRice & Indigo Exportsfrom SC & GA: 1698-1775from SC & GA: 1698-1775
Rice & Indigo ExportsRice & Indigo Exportsfrom SC & GA: 1698-1775from SC & GA: 1698-1775
The Emergence of North The Emergence of North CarolinaCarolina
The Emergence of North The Emergence of North CarolinaCarolinaNorthern part of Carolina shared a border with VA
VA dominated by aristocratic planters who were generally Church of England members.
Dissenters from VA moved south to northern Carolina.
Poor farmers with little need for slaves.
Religious dissenters.
Distinctive traits of North Carolinians
Irreligious & hospitable to pirates.
Strong spirit of resistance to authority.
1712 NC officially separated from SC.
Take Five
What was the original purpose of the colony of Georgia?
What was not allowed in Georgia that may have been allowed in other colonies?
Georgia
Buffer state
Col. James Oglethorpe
Debtors colony
Col. James Oglethorpe
Mary Musgrove
18c Southern Colonies18c Southern Colonies18c Southern Colonies18c Southern Colonies
Georgia--The “Buffer” Georgia--The “Buffer” ColonyColony
Georgia--The “Buffer” Georgia--The “Buffer” ColonyColony
Chief Purpose of Creating Georgia:
As a “buffer” between the valuable Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana.
Received subsidies from British govt. to offset costs of defense.
Export silk and wine.
A haven for debtors thrown in to prison.
Determined to keep slavery out!
Slavery found in GAby 1750.
The Port City of Savannah The Port City of Savannah The Port City of Savannah The Port City of Savannah
Diverse community.
All Christians except Catholics enjoyed religious toleration.
Missionaries worked among debtors and Indians most famous was John Wesley.
