English Colonies

Roman CatholicChurch

ProtestantsBaptists

Presbyterians

Episcopalians

Lutherans

Church ofEngland

PuritansSeparatists (Pilgrims)

Critical Writing Exercise

FREEDOM OF RELIGION

In a democracy, citizens have freedom of religion. This means they can believe and practice any faith they choose – or, they can choose not to practice any religion. They have the right to follow any major religion, imaginary religion, or no religion at all. Other citizens and the government must respect that right. In a democracy, freedom of religion means others will tolerate your beliefs, whether or not they share them with you.

What do you think of freedom of religion? What are its advantages? What are its disadvantages? In your opinion, why is freedom of religion important to a democracy?

New England Colonies

1620

Roman CatholicChurch

ProtestantsBaptists

Presbyterians

Episcopalians

Lutherans

Church ofEngland

PuritansSeparatists (Pilgrims)

Pilgrims• Arrived on the Mayflower• Wanted religious freedom• Led by William Bradford and settled at

Plymouth• Signed the Mayflower Compact

(step toward colonial self-government)

Puritans

Better Church of EnglandPuritan Beliefs:

•They were the “chosen people”

•Very smart

•Church & state should work together

* 1635

Puritans Leave Massachusetts• Leader was Thomas Hooker• 1st group to Connecticut• Wrote the Fundamental Orders of

Connecticut, which was the 1st Written Constitution in America

• Hooker believed in the separation of church and state and that governments were based upon individual rights

1636

Roger Williams• Roger Williams believed

in religious toleration.

• Separation of church and state

• He left Massachusetts and started a colony: Providence, Rhode Island

Anne Hutchinson• Outspoken woman –

organized bible studies and prayer meetings, and spoke her mind

• Leaders in Massachusetts believed only the clergy should lead the church

• Sought refuge in Rhode Island

1638

Reason Settled:RELIGIOUS FREEDOM!

MAJOR PRODUCTS:

shipbuilding

industry

fishing

How did they make money?

Climate and Farming:CLIMATE:• Extremely cold

winter• Short growing

season

FARMING:• NOT GOOD • Hard / rocky soil

• NOT good

Middle Colonies

*

1626

• The English took New Netherlands away from the Dutch and renamed it New York

• Had lots of ethnic diversity (Italians, Dutch, French, Irish)

• Trade was great because of

the large harbor area• Fastest growing of all

the colonies

New York

1638

New Jersey• Was a proprietary colony

• Known for ethnic diversity

• Allowed religious freedom

• 1st to have trial by jury

• Representative government

1638

Delaware• Formed for

Pennsylvania’s access to the Atlantic Ocean

• Why was this important?

FOR TRADE!

1682

Quakers• Leader was William Penn• Sought religious freedom

and trade for money• Led a simplistic lifestyle• Allowed for religious

toleration—church services unnecessary

• Believed in violence to no one and that slavery was bad

HOW DID THEY END UP HERE?

• King Charles II owed the Penn family money

• Repaid them with land in America

• So…William Penn brought the Quakers to the New World (against his father’s wishes)

Pennsylvania & the Quakers

• Was called the “Holy Experiment”

• Established Philadelphia, which became known as the “City of Brotherly Love”

• “any government is free to the people under it…where the laws rule”

• Called the “melting pot city” because all foreigners were welcome

REASONS SETTLED:

•Profit and trade (mercantilism)

•Religious freedom

MAJOR PRODUCTS

Harvesting grain

Cattle

&

CLIMATE AND FARMINGClimate• Cold winters• Average growing season

Farming• OK • Coastline rocky but

some rolling green hills

PEOPLE OF THE MIDDLE

COLONIES

Southern Colonies

1607(Jamestown)

Jamestown, Virginia• Established in 1607• Tobacco & women were

the reason for the survival of Jamestown

• Swamp brought disease

• House of Burgesses was the 1st representative government

1634

• Established by Lord Baltimore

• Settled by Roman Catholics fleeing persecution in England

• Passed the Toleration Act— provided religious freedom

• Farmed tobacco

MARYLAND

1660-1670

1660-1670

Carolina• Was swampy & humid

• Poor administration

• Used Natives as slave labor

• Caused many battles

• Proprietors were no help so the king took over

• Separated into North and South

1732

• Settled by General James Oglethorpe

• Purpose was to give debtors a new start

• Slavery was not allowed

• Allowed religious freedom

GEORGIA

REASONS SETTLED:• Mercantilism (a

state’s power depends on its wealth)

• Profit from trade

MAJOR PRODUCTS:• Agriculture

• Tobacco – 1st cash crop

• Lumber

• Rice

CLIMATE AND FARMING

CLIMATE• Warm, humid• Long growing

season

FARMING• GREAT! • Moist, rich soil

SLAVERYSlavery becomes a worldwide mistake

Start of Slavery• Africans were not the 1st

• 1st – Indentured Servants

(poor white English people who borrowed money to get to America)

•2nd – Native Americans (began to die of disease or escaped)

•3rd—Africans (slaves were critical for the tobacco harvest)

• Brought here through Triangle Trade using the Middle Passage

• This was the triangle of shipping of goods from America to Europe and slaves from Africa to America