Punjab state power corporation limited

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PROJECT REPORT ON PUNJAB STATE POWER

CORPRATION LIMITED

Submitted To:-

Department of Computer Science & Application

.PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

in partial fulfillment of the requirement of

MASTERDegree of Computer Application (Session 2011-13)


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The human mind has always dreamt of such things, which can ease his

nerves by reducing the workload & make things happen more efficiently & faster.

He has always wanted to find that golden key to the world of success, the world of

luster.The world that can become his slave. But the world today is moving at the

speed of light and every human wants to match its peace, for which he requires

such mediums, which can take him ahead of the time, which has always acted as

his enemy

Beating the cruel time and matching with its pace is not at all easy job. Oneway out is to distinct things, which take you one step ahead of others. But this is

not always possible by doing different things; instead the things themselves can be

done in a different way.

One such way for doing the same old things in a different way, and making

them happen more efficiently & faster is by automation them. Automation has set

the entire world on fire, by revolutionizing our lives, our work, our business &

what not. The way we live today with ease & technology is an evidence of this

revolution.

This project is one step towards the automation of the Electricity System the

main objective is to provide prompt, quality & efficient services to the staff of

Electricity System.


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CERTIFICATEThis is to certify the are the students of this college. They have submitted this

project report entitled Electricity System for the partial fulfillment of the

degree of Master in Computer Application as prescribed by the Punjab Technical

University, Jalandhar. During this Project development, the record of work carried

out by them was under our supervision and guidance. The quality of work fairly

fulfillment requirements.

Prof. Haman singh

(lect.of Comp Science & App

Dept.)


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Development ScheduleDevelopment ScheduleThe work on developing the new system commenced immediately when the

college assigned the project to us and thereafter we were in continuous touch with

the System of Electricity and our supervisor:

Phases involved in the

development of the

system:

1. Identified needs and benefits held meeting with the management, users,

studied and identifies the working of the existing system needs.

2. Prepared the software requirement specifications

3. Prepared a blueprint of the system to be built

4. Identified the functionalities to be built into modules and prepared

DFDs Flowcharts etc.

5. Pseudo code prepared and actual coding started.

Sept

200

11

Oct

2011

Nov

2011

Requiremen

t

Specificatio

n

Design

Coding

Testing


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INTRODUCTION


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A Project

A Project is problematic act carried out to accomplish in the mutual

setting. .

Stevenson

A project is a novel undertaking to create a new product or service, the delivery

of which signals completion.The process of planning, designing and implementing computer system is called a

project. It takes an effective manager to organize the available resources,

schedules, establish standards, and complete the project in time, within budget and

with successful results. It collects together a range of new idea and concepts and

draw a connecting thread through: -

Their technological content.

Their scope and degree of complexity.

The nature of project work.

The project leader personality traits and consequent management Styles.

The meaning of the project success.

The nature of fundamentally different types of project.

Selection of most appropriate project leader for best chance of project success.

So, we have a need to determine the nature and scope of the project we are

undertaking. To clarify it, we are using here the definition given by Turner R. The

work involved in the design,

Fabrication and assembly of the components of the projects deliverable into the

working product.


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INDEX

Introduction Introduction to project

System Development Life Cycle System Study and analysis

Analysis Of Existing System Analysis Of Proposed System Information gathering Feasibility Study

System requirements Hardware and software requirements

Packaged Used Vb 6.0 Microsoft Access

System design Data base Design Data Flow diagram Input Design

Output Design

Testing Implmentation Conclusion Future Enhancement Bibliographie


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Introduction to Project

Electricity system has a number of steps to fulfill to give a new connection to a

customer, a number of categories to show and a number of customer records to

maintain. Hence it just becomes a compulsion to replace their existing manual

system by a window based computerized system with efficient front and back end

tools, like VB 6.0 and Ms Access as the need is to maintain a database able to

provide the necessary information whenever required. And if we dont get such a

facility it becomes a headache rather than an interesting job.

So our project is a try to get them out of their problems that they have withexisting system.

Project Aim: -

Our objective is to make a system which not merely duplicate the

characteristics and effectiveness of their existing system, rather it can use the

power of their existing system, rather it can use the power of window based

computerized environment to do better than what normally occurs in manual

system.

Avoid Documentation:

Reduce paper work

Make calculations automatically

Reduce the overall procedure time


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To create a New Connection:-

When customer request for connection. Firstly of all

availability of the customer ID is checked then all the required information about

the customer regarding his name, address, Ph no. etc is stored. Consumer clerk

asks customer for connection type as currently two types of connections are

available in the system such as (DS / NRS). According to his own requirement the

customers choose the connection. Then junior engg.visit to the required locality

and check the status of the connection, after that JE accept the request. Any entry

can be deleted and updated to delete and update any record different forms are

available.

To increment & reduction in load:-

When customer request for increase or reduce the

load, then he visit to the electricity dept. and he give proof of the increment and

reduction of the load that how many electric points are changed. Then junior

engg.visit to the required locality and check the status of the connection, after that

JE accept the request. Any entry can be deleted and updated to delete and update

any record different forms are available.

REPORTS: -

This section deals with generating reports. We have tried our best to

provide the user with the facility of generating all the required reports. The report

includes Total account number, types of connections, connected load vise reports

of customer etc.


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Instead of all the abovementioned points, our system also provides the

facility to manage the Accounts, connection type, and to add the new information

in the customer record.

Master Forms:-

A master form in our project is for the system of electricity. Using

these Master forms new connections can be added. Any modifications regarding

connections can be increased or decreased, new connections can be added or

deleted, Edition options are also available.

Referring to our project, this is developed with the latest

combination of MICROSOFT ACCESS and VB 6.0. It becomes quite obvious

that our system will provide all the necessary facilities likewise: -

First of all, it provides a GUI environment.

Then comes the facility of all, the projects on just a click away.

The delay associated with the making reports is eliminated using our

system.

The data is not repeatedly keyed; the chances of error are reduced.

Using our system the information can be managed effectively.

Customer relations can be improved through better quality and speed of

service.

Better security.

Easiest way to modify the records of customers on the basis of the

corresponding customer id.

Easy understanding of all the things being seen on the screen.

Very efficient user-friendly interface that improves the efficiency of the

system as a whole.


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Facility of manipulating data or records relate3d to bills, customer moreover

items to be served very easily.

System

DevelopmentLife Cycle


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What is System?

The term system is derived from Greek word system, which means an organizers

relationship among functional units.

System is an orderly grouping of interdependentcomponents linked together to a plan achieve specific

objective.

System Development Life Cycle

System development process is divided into a number of

phases. Software is conceived, born, developed, put into operation,maintained during operations and ultimately dies giving way to software.

These phases are aptly dubbed as System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) for

short.

In the software development process, we have to focus on

the activities directly related to production of the software, for example, design,

coding, and testing. A development process model specifies some activities that,

according to the model, should be performed, and the order in which they should

be performed. As stated earlier, for cost, quality, and project management reasons,

development processes are generally phased.

In general SDLC methodology follows the following steps:

1. The existing system is evaluated .Deficiencies are identified. This can be

done by interviewing users of the system and consulting with support

personal.

2. The new system requirements are identified. In particular, the deficiencies inthe existing system must be addressed with the specific proposals and

improvements.

3. The per posed system is designed. Plans are laid out concerning the physical

.construction, hardware, operating system, programming, communication

and .security issues.

4. The new system is developed. The new components and programs must be

obtained and installed. Users of the system must be trained in its use, and all

aspects of performance must be tested.


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5. The system is put into use. This can be done in various ways. The new

system can be phased in, according to application or location, and the hold

system gradually replace.

In some cases, it may be more cost effective to shut down the old system and

. Implement the new system all at once.

6. Once the new system is up and running for a while, it should be

exhaustively evaluated. Maintenance must be kept up rigorously at all times.

Users of the

System should be kept up-to-date concerning the latest modification and

procedure

System development:_

This is a process consisting of two major steps of system analysis and design,

starts when management pr sometimes system development personnel feel that

anew system or an improvement in the existing system is required. The system

development life cycle is classically thought of as the set of activities that analysis;

designers and user carry out to developed and implement an information system

the system development life cycle consists of the following activities.

Determination if system requirement or requirement analysis

Feasibility study of system

Analysis of system

Design of system

System testing

Implements


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B Bill payment mode


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System Life Cycle Diagram

Recognition Of Need

Feasibility Study

Analysis Phase

Design Phase

Testing

Implementation

Post- Implementation


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Recognition of the Need:-

The initial step of the system development life cycle determines that the developer

must know what is the problem with existing system ,before it can be solved and

after knowing all these problems the developer must know what the requirements

for the new system are .This needs leads to preliminary investigation whether the

alternative system analyst .The system analyst defines the objective and scope of

the problem. Our initial step was to analyze that method in which bargains are to

be fixed and what I want to improve in that. The reorganization of the need is themain building block of the project.

Requirements specifications are very important aspects of the software

development. As the system grew more complex, it becomes evident that the goals

of the entire system could not be easily comprehended. Hence the need for more

rigorous requirements phase arose. Now for the large software system,

requirement analysis is perhaps the most difficult and interactive activity. It is very

error prone.

To identify the needs of system we went to different hotels to gather the

information like. How they place the order, how check in and checkout records are

maintained.

Feasibility-

The feasibility study is used to determine if the project should get the go-ahead .If

the project is to proceed, the feasibility study will produce a project plan and

budget estimates for the future stages of development.

Requirement Analysis and Design:-

Analysis gathers the requirements for the system. This stage includes a detailed

study of the business needs of the organization. Design focuses on high level

design like, what programs are needs and how are going to interact, low level

design and data design. During this phase the software overall design is defined.

Analysis and design are more crucial in the whole development cycle. The Logicalsystem of the product is developed in this phase.

Maintenance


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Testing:-

Testing is the phase where the errors remaining from all the previous phases must

be detected. Testing performs a very critical role for quality assurance

and for ensuring the reliability of software. During testing, the program

to be tested is executed with a set of test cases and output of program for

the test cases is evaluated to determine if the program is performing

Implementation:-

The implementation phase is less creative than system design. It is primarily

concerned with user training, site preparation and file conversion with user

candidate system is linked to terminals or remote sites, the telecommunication

network and tests of the network along with the system are also included under

implementation. Different high level languages like c, c++, java etc era used to

generate code.

Maintenance:-

Inevitably the system will need maintenance. Software will definitely undergo

change once it is delivered to the customer. There are many reasons for the

change. Change could happen because of some unexpected input values into thesystem. In addition, the changes in the system could directly affect the software

operations .The software should be developed to accommodate changes that could

happen during the post implementation period.


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System Study

and

Analysis


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Analysis of Existing System

The existing Electricity system suffers from some pitfalls because the whole

working is done manually. This can be overcome through use of computerized

system.

Huge paper work:

Earlier the whole working was manual, the

organization has to maintain number of registers to store information that

results in voluminous paper work.

Time consuming:

Doing all the work manually is very time

consuming. In some cases time is a major constraint. For e.g. to keeps the

records manually is a very time consuming process. Which takes lots of time

and extra person are required to keep the record.

Difficulty in accessing data:

As the information is stored in different registers,

so to retrieve information of a particular customer at any given time is difficult.

Data redundancy:

Maintaining different registers to store information

leads to the problem of data redundancy. Some information may be duplicated

in the several registers.

Data inconsistency:-

Due to the problem of data inconsistency the

various copies of same information may no longer agree.


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Security problem : -

Manual system does not provide better security.

Every person in the organization can access the data easily so to enforce

security constraints in such a system is difficult.

Reduced speed :-

Due to manual system in the organization the

overall speed of working reduces.

Low performance:-

Because of all the above-mentioned pitfalls the

overall performance of the system decreases.

Difficulty in generating reports:-

Because the information has to be picked up from

different registers there is difficulty in generating reports.


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Analysis of Proposed System

The proposed system or say, the system under our project has so many capabilities,

which act as its merits. That is why; the benefits overweigh its cost.

The advantages are briefly discussed as below:

Security features:-

Our system has mainly considered the security

features in a way as to open the application only after finding the user

authenticated for using the system.

Compactness:-

As the data is stored in the databases, there is no need

of voluminous paper files.

High performance:-

Performance including throughput, response time are

efficiently put in our system.

Faster processing:-

The speed of working in our system is much faster

than the manual working, as the machines can do their jobs faster than a human.

We dont have to wait for the result rather they are displayed in just a time of 100 th

part of second and otherwise, we can also see status of processing through the

progress bar at the bottom.


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Graphical user interface:-

Foremost advantage of our system is that it provides for

the graphical interface, which means the operator does not need to be specialist in

computers. Windows provide great help in doing things efficiently. Moreover our

system is also associated with the required help topics.

Easy data access:-

Data can be easily access using the system. Delayassociated with accessing data from different paper files can be reduced using our

system.

Reduces data redundancy and inconsistency:-

Our system reduces the problem of data redundancy. The

information is not duplicated in several files. It saves the storage space and accesscost. This removes the problem of data inconsistency.

Consistent user interface:-

This means that no cramming of commands, their purposes.

We have to do what the system is asking us for and it too through clicks only.

Easy installation:-

First of all, the installation of our system is very much

easier through WINDOWS and also of any other software we need to install.


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INFORMATION

GATHERING

After defining the problem, the next step in the system

analysis is together information. Information gathering is an art as well as science.

The approach and manner in which information is gathered require persons with

sensitivity, commonsense and knowledge of what and when to gather and what

channel to use in security information. This means information gathering is neithereasy nor routine. Much training, experience and preparation is required.

For gathering information, we personally meet the staff

member of the Electricity Dept. by going there. Firstly we fully understand about

the manual system of the Dept. such as create an Account, procedure of allot of

New meter, processing of bill.


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FEASIBILITY

STUDY


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Feasibility Study

Feasibility study is a test of system proposal according to the workability, impact

on the organization, ability to meet user needs, and effective use of resource. It

focuses on three major questions: -

What are the users demonstrable needs and how does a candidate system

meet then?

What resources are available for given candidate system? Is the problem

worth solving?

What are the likely impacts of the candidate system on the organization?

Type of Feasibility study

Mostly there are four main considerations involved in any feasibility study.

Now, we will review these things considerations are related to our project.

Technical feasibility:-

Technical feasibility is concerned with specifying equipments

(hardware and software requirement) that will successfully satisfy the user

requirement.

Regarding our system we can say that the company has to bear the cost of a

computer system and the cost of the software i.e. loads the VB 6.0 and Microsoft

Access So, our system is technically feasible also.


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Management feasibility:

It is a determination of whether a proposed system will be

acceptable to the management. If the management does not have interest in thesystem or gives a negligible support to it, the analyst will tend to view the

project as a non-feasible one.

Our project is feasible in thus case also because the Dept. of the Electricity

System . Wants to computerize the existing system.

Behavioral feasibility: To be behavioral feasible it requires that the introduction of the

proposed system must put special efforts to educate, sell, and train the staff of new

ways of the operating system.

As far as behavioral feasibility is concerned, the staff is not reluctant to any change

in the system because they feel insure by it.

Some people may find that the difficulty to learn and the use the machine as

being restrictive and intolerable.

Some may resist change in the nature of the job and increment in the

responsibilities of individual.

In an automated system, work may appear to become depersonalized, fragmented

and restrictive. They may miss the personnel contact with their work and its

associated challenges.


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To reduce this insecurity is first of all tasks during analysis:

We can use some skills to reduce their harassment.

We will make them sure about their job by telling them an automated

system would make their task simple only.

We will tell them that when they are going to be trained they can do their

task efficiently.

Economic feasibility:-

Economic analysis is the most frequently used technique for evaluating the

effectiveness of a proposed system. The thing is not to keep the costs lower rather

is to keep them under companys budget.

This is an ongoing effort that improves in accuracy at each phase of the system life

cycle.

As far our Electricity system is concerned, it is certainly economically feasible.

As, the cost of system is outweighing the benefits, as already discussed, of the

proposed system.


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SYSTEM

REQUIREMENT


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Hardware and Software

Requirements

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

The basic minimum hardware requirements for operating this project efficiently

are:

Central Processing Unit-

Type Specification

Processor Intel Pentium Processor

Speed 1 GHZ or more

RAM 512 MB

Hard disk space 40 GB and more

Peripherals-

Type Specification

Monitor Standard

Mouse Scroll Mouse

Keyboard Standard

Printer Colour

Storage media-

Type Specification

Pen drive 2 GB

CD-Rom 48x/52x


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SOFTWARE USED: -

M.S.ACCESS

INRODUCTION TO M.S.ACCESS

FEATURES OF M.S.ACCESS

VISUAL BASIC

INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL BASIC 6.0

FEATURES OF VISUAL BASIC

OPERATING SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEM

FEATURES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

FEATURES OF WINDOWS


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PACKAGE

USED


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Project: Punjab State Power Corporation Limited

INTRODUCTION TO MS-ACCESS

Microsoft access is a powerful database management system and also

called (RDBMS) Relational database management System. It has a menu driven

interface which gives the novice user a great deal of convenience in creating and

handling database .It is fast becoming a very popular package due to its user

friendliness features. In times where speed is of great importance. It enables faster

access of data. Its easy to use for new users by clicking through mouse. Access

can be use to maintain any type of database like students class report, telephone

numbers, employees record, etc. After inserting the record in the database we can

design the database in different ways. For example, creating queries, different

types of reports, data entry forms can be designed and handle large amount of data.

Microsoft access provides extensive new features designed to help you easily use

the internet and develop a word by web application. Ms-access includes a new

style toolbars, menu bars and shortcut menus that are easier to use and customize.

Access is both a program for ordinary computer and a professional development

tool. It is used for development tool. It is used for developing databases, which are

used in systems. You can use it to set up a billing system or an efficient indexing

system.

Access is easy. The program begs you to just sit down in front of your pc and get

going. And that is all you need to do, because it is great fun. It is easy to make

tables, screen displays and functions. But if you want to develop an effective

database you will need to do a little more. You will have to plan and be systematic.

Institute:-Ramgarhia Institute Of Engineering & Technology ,Phagwara


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Features of Microsoft Access

You can import data from a Microsoft access database into

your contains folder in outlook. You can also export outlook data back into

Microsoft access.

When you copy or cut data from Microsoft access forms and datasheets, the

settings for font, alignment, and number formatting for column headings and

data are retained when you paste them into Microsoft excel spreadsheets.



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When you output a report with a sub report to a .txt, .rtf or .x l s file format,

the sub report is output along with the main report.

When you need the grouping and formatting functionality of Microsoft

access report for data you have in Microsoft excel spreadsheet, you can click

at access report on the data menu in Microsoft excel to start the Microsoft

access report wizard.

When a Microsoft excel spreadsheet is no longer the appropriate tool for

your data, you can create a Microsoft access database from the spreadsheet

by clicking convert to access on the data menu in Microsoft excel.

Create a pivot table control in a Microsoft access form. Using a pivot table

wizard, you can create a control on a form that allows you to summarize

large amount of data using a format and calculation methods you choose. A

pivot table is like a cross tab query, but you can switch the row and column

heading dynamically to see different views of the data.

You can link data from Microsoft excel or lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet as long as

the data is arrange in an appropriate tabular format.

1. When you use Microsoft access as an active-X component you can

manipulate Microsoft access objects from other application, such as

Microsoft excel.



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VISUAL BASIC

Visual basic is one of the most advance languages in todays computer word.

Visual basic is one of the most enjoyable languages due to its visual environment.

The goal of teaching visual basic is to a new comer at time is challenging due to

todays broad range of the computer skills.

Visual basic provides a graphical environment in which user can visually design

the forms and controls that becomes the building blocks of user application. Visual

basicsupports many useful tools that will help user more productive. These

include, but are not limited to, projects, forms, class objects, template, customer

controls, add-ins and database managers. User can create a complicated

application by using these tools in short time unlike other language.

Visual basic is a high-level programming language evolved from the earlier DOS

version called BASIC. BASIC means Beginners. All purpose symbolic

introduction code. It is a fairly easy programming language to learn. The codes

look a bit like English language. Different s/w companies produced different

version of BASIC, such as MS QBASIC, QUICKBASIC, GWBASIC, and IBM

BASICA and so on. So it is a toll that allows us to develop windows (graphical

user interface GUI) application.



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VISUAL BASIC is an event-driven programming. This is BASIC,

due to its windows interface; the users may click on a certain object randomly, so

each object has to be programmed independently to be able to response to those

actions. Therefore, a VB program is made up of May subprogram each has its own

program code and each can be executed

Independently and at the same time each can be linked together in one way or

another.

VB is a MS windows programming language. VB program are

created in an integrated development environment (IDE). The IDE allows the

programmers to create, run and debug VB programs conveniently. IDE allows a

program to create working programs in a fraction of the time that it would

normally take a code programs without IDEs. The process of rapidly creating an

application is typically referred to as Rapid Application Development (RAD). VB

is the worlds most widely used RAD language.



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FEATURES OF VISUAL BASIC

Visual basic programs are very simple and easy to write.

Visual basic Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is made of

number of components.

Building a useful user interface.

Using the application wizard to generate a program shell instantly.

It can use tools from other languages and windows applications.

It can incorporate database technologies in the programs.

It is master in art of getting errors.



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It can create graphics to the screens that you design.

Full set of controls we draw the applications.

Lots of icons and pictures for our use.

Clipboard and printer access.

Array of mathematical, string and other functions.

It can handle fixed and dynamic variable and control arrays.

Sequential and random access files support.

Useful debugs and error handling facilities.

Powerful database access tools.

USER INTERFACE

The user interface is the way the user communicates with your

computer. User interface specifies what the user will actually see and interact

with, when the user will use the application. Before we can begin to write any

code, we must design what is called the user interface. Windows based

applications have a consistent user interface that helps the user to simplify point

and click.

VISUAL BASIC FORMS



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A form is a display area that corresponds to a window or a dialog box

that makes up the part of an applications user interface. Form is the name given

for the windows in the visual basic. In addition to the form, each form has the

properties associated with it. A form collection is a collection of all the loaded

forms in an application. All the forms we add to an application are automatically

added to a form collection.

DEVELOPING AN APPLICATION

To build an application the following steps are followed:

Design the user interface.

Write code to respond to user input/output

DESIGN THE USER INTERFACE

The user interface is build using the controls and setting the properties

for the controls. For examples, the location of the text boxes, where the user will

enter the accession no., or the location where the current date is to be displayed.

The size of the command buttons; the help displayed hen the user moves the

mouse around the screen, etc.

WRITE CODE TO RESPOND TO USER INPUT/OUTPUT

The code invokes the methods associated with the controls. If the user

clicks on the control that displays the next record from the database, or the user



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selects a particular option, or wants to find detail of a student, etc. all such events

have to be acted upon. There are a number of build-in-keywords, associated with

the controls that accomplish the given task.

THE CONTROLS, PROPERTIES AND METHODS

Controls are used to perform certain activities. The controls are given

some attributes that are clearly defined. All these attributes are called properties.

And each control has certain properties. To action taken when the event occurs is

called the method. Controls in visual basic have many build in methods. As we

write the code for the various controls we will come across the methods. So, in an

event driven programs, there are controls, which have properties. When and

event occurs to the controls, some methods are invoked. The form too is

another control. It also has properties, events occur on it and it has methods

associated with it.

ADVANTAGESOF VISUALPROGRAMMING

Visual programming enables visual development of GUI. Such user

interfaces are easy to use and easy to learn. One of the principal advantages of

visual programming environment is that the programmer needs not write code to

display the required components.

It displays a list of available components. The programmer picks the

required components from this list. The component can be moved, resized and

even deleted, if so required. There is no restriction in the number of controls that

can be placed this way. Moreover, since the programmer is creating the user

interface visually, he can align, move or size the components as required without

having to resort to writing code.



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DISADVANTAGES OF VISUAL PROGRAMING

While visual programming makes it is very simple to create complex

user interface, it suffers from some disadvantages: - As name implies, the entire

process of developing an application using a visual development environment is

visual. Thus, the development environment in itself is highly graphical in nature

and therefore requires more memory. Visual development requires computers of a

higher configuration in comparison to the conventional programming tools: -

LARGER CAPACITY HARDDISK & RAM

FASTER PROCESSOR

Primarily, visual development environment can be used only with GUI operating

system such as WINDOWS.


System

Design


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SYSTEM DESIGN

System analysis describes WHAT a system should do to meet the information

needs of users. System design specific HOW the system will accomplish this

objective. The term design refers to the technical specification (analogous to the

architects blue prints) that will be implied in constructing the system. System

design should stress on the following three activities.

User interface,

Data design, and

Process Design.

Where an interface design activity focuses on designing the interactions

between end users and computer systems; the data design activity focuses on the

design of the logical structure of database and files to be used by the proposed

information system. Process design activity focuses on the design of the software

resources, that is, the programs and procedures needed by the proposed

information system.

User Interface

User Interface is the front End of any software through which a user can

interact with the software. User Interface must be interactive and easy so that a

user can work in the user interface in easy way. VB 6.0 provides easy way to

create an interactive user interface. We use many forms in our software tointeract with user easily.



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Introduction to Windows Forms

Windows Forms is the new platform for Microsoft Windows application

development, based on the VB 6.0 Framework. This framework provides a clear,

object-oriented, extensible set of classes that enable you to develop rich Windows

applications. Additionally, Windows Forms can act as the local user interface in a

multi-tier distributed solution.

What is a Form?

A form is a bit of screen real estate, usually rectangular, that you can use to present

information to the user and to accept input from the user. Forms can be standard

windows, multiple document interface (MDI) windows, dialog boxes, or display

surfaces for graphical routines. The easiest way to define the user interface for a

form is to place controls on its surface. Forms are objects that expose properties,

which define their appearance, methods, which define their behavior, and events,which define their interaction with the user. By setting the properties of the form

and writing code to respond to its events, you customize the object to meet the

requirements of your application.

As with all objects in the VB 6.0 Framework, forms are instances of classes. The

form you create with the Windows Forms Designer is a class, and when you

display an instance of the form at run time, this class is the template used to create

the form. The framework also allows you to inherit from existing forms to add

functionality or modify existing behavior. When you add a form to your project,

you can choose whether it inherits from the Form class provided by the

framework, or from a form you have previously created.

By combining different sets of controls and writing code, you can elicit

information from the user and respond to it, work with existing



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Database

Design


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SPLASH FORM

Description:- This is a splash form which display when we run the project.



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LOGIN FORM

Description:-This form will accept the user name and password , it will match

the user name and password if match then it will show the MDI .



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GUIDELINES FOR CONSUMER

Description:- this form will guide the consumer .



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INSTRUCTIONS FOR OFFICE USE

Description:- This form will show the guidelines for office use.



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GENRAL INFORMATION

Description:-This is the general information form which accept the general

information of customer.



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RELEASE CONNECTION

Description:- This form release the information of customer.



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METER STATUS FORM

Description:- This form show the status code of meter.



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BILL FORM

Description:- This is the main form and generate the bill according to the meter

reading.



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SEARCH FORM



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GENERAL INFORMATION REPORT

Description:- this form display the general information from the database.



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ADD USER

Description:- This form is used to add new user.



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DELETE USER ACCOUNT

Description:- This form will delete the existing user.



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CHANGE PASSWORD

Description:- This form is used to change the password of existing user.



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ABOUT US

Description:- This form shows the information about the representative of this

Project.



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GENERAL INFORMATION TABLE

Description:- This is the general information table.



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INITIAL CHARGE TABLE

Description:- this table store the value of initial charges.



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LOGIN TABLE

Description:- This table store the user name and password.



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CASH PAYMENT TABLE

Description:- This table use to store record of cash payment.



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CHEQUE PAYMENT TABLE

Description:- This table used to store the record of cheque payment.



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Data FlowDiagrams

The DFD was first developed by Larry Constantine, as a way of expressing

system requirements in a graphical form. This led to a modular design. A DFD is

also known as Bubble Chart. A DFD has the purpose of clarifying system

requirements and identifying major transformations that will become programs in

system design. So it is the starting point of the design phase that functionally

decomposes the requirements specification down to the lowest level of detail.DFD

are quite general and are not limited to problem analysis for SRS. DFDs show the

flow of data through the system. A DFD also shows the movement of data through

the different transformation or processes in the system. The processes are shown

by named circle (bubbles), and arrows for entering or leaving the bubbles. A

rectangle represent source or sink, and is a net originator or consumer of data. A

source or a sink is typically outside the main system of study.

DFD SYMBOLS

NAME SYMBOLS

Square

Arrow

Circle

Open rectangle



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BILL GENERATION

DS Customer NRS Customer

Request for bill Bill

Money

Service charges

Extra Charges Use units

Status


Generate

BillCUSTOMER

CUSTOMER


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InputDesign

Form(ER DIAGRAM)


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OutputDesign

Reports


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Output Design

After The input design next step is to design the output. In the input design we

designed the forms which are used to store, manipulate, validate and to delete the

record.

Its no time to extract the data from database, formatting it as required and display

the formatted data to a printer to obtain hardcopy. The Process of such providing

functionality.

To commercial applications is known as report extraction. In our project we have

data reports which will extract the required data from the database. For thispurpose we have designed as many as 5 reports.



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INITIAL CHARGE REPORT

Description:- This form show the initial information.



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CASH PAYMENT REPORT

Description:- This Report display the record of cash payment.



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TESTING

Testing is the phase where the errors remaining from all the previous phases must

be detected. Testing performs a very critical role for quality assurance

and for ensuring the reliability of software. During testing, the program

to be tested is executed with a set of test cases and output of program for

the test cases is evaluated to determine if the program is performing as

expected. Success of testing in revealing errors in programs depends

critically on cases.

NEED FOR TESTING:

Testing is a vital to the success of the system. Testing makes a logical

assumption that if all part of system are correct, the goal will be successfully

achieved. Inadequate testing or non testing to errors tat may not appear

until months later.

A small system error can can conceivable into a much larger problem

effective testing early in the process translates directly into long term cost

saving from a reduced no. of errors.

Testing leads to software reliability, identifying and removing faults during

testing software can be made reliable. this increases users confidence in the

system

Types of Testing:-

Unit Testing

Integration testing

Validation

Performance

Program Testing

System testing

User acceptance testing



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Unit Testing:-

Unit testing tests the minimal software components or module. Each unit of the

software is tested to verify that the detailed design for the unit has been correctly

implemented unit testing deals with the testing unit as a whole. This would test the

interaction of many functions what confine the test within one unit. The exact

scope of unit is a left to interpretation .Supporting code, some times called

scaffolding, may be necessary to support an individual test. This type of testing is

driven by the architecture and implementations teams. This focus is also called

black box testing because only the details of the interface are visible to the test.

Limits that are global to a unit are tested here.

Integration testing:-During integration testing the modules are integrated. Thistype of testing is performed to detect design error by focusing on testing the

interconnection between modules. Integration testing, is also known as integration

and testing(I&T),is a software development process which program units are

combined and tested as groups in multiple ways. In this context, a unit a defined as

the smallest testable part of an application.Integraton testing can expose problems

with the interfaces among program components before troubles occurs in real-

world program execution. Integration testing is a component of EXTREME

PROGRAMING (XP),a pragmatic method of software development that takes a

meticulous approach to building a product by means of continual testing.

There are two major ways of carrying out an integration test, called the

bottom-up method and the top-down method.

Regression testing: The selective retesting of a software system that has been

modified to ensure that any bugs have been fixed and that no other previously

working functions have failed as a result and that newly added features have not

created problems with previous versions of the software. Also referred to as

verification testing, regression testing is initiated after a programmer has attemptedto fix a recognized problem or has added source code to a program that may have

inadvertently introduced errors.

Performance Testing: Performance testing can serve different purpose. It can

demonstrate that the system meets performance criteria. It can compare two

systems to find which performance measure what parts of the system or workload

the system to perform badly.

Program testing: A program represents the logic elements of a system. For aprogram to run satisfactorily, it must compile and test correctly and tie in properly



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with other program. Achieving an error free program is responsibility of the

programmer.

Program Testing Is Of Two Types:-

1. Logical Testing

2. Syntax Testing

Logical Testing:-

A logical error deals with incorrect data fields, out of range items and invalid

combinations, since diagnostics do not detect logical error, the programmer must

examine the output carefully for them.

Syntax testing:-

A syntax error is a program statement that violates one or more rules of the

language in which it is written. An improperly defined field dimension or omitted

key words are commonly syntax error.

System Testing:-

System testing is designed to uncover weakness that was not found in earlier tests.

This includes forced system failure and validation of the total system as it will be

implementation by its in the operational environment. The total system is testedfor the recovery and fallback after various major failures to ensure that no data are

lost during the emergency.

Acceptance Testing:-

An acceptance test has the objective of getting verification and reliability of

users system. It verifies that systems procedure operates to system specifications

and the integrity of vital data maintained.



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A Software Testing StrategyThe software engineering process may be viewed as the rectangle. Initially,

system engineering defines the role of software and leads to software requirements

analysis, where the information domain, function, behavior, performance,

constrains and validation criteria for software are established. Moving inward

along the rectangle, we come to design and finally to coding. To develop computer

software, we rectangle, we come to design and finally to coding. To develop

computer software, we rectangle inward along streamlines that decrease the level

of abstraction on each turn.


Unit Testing

System Engineering

Validation Testing

Integration Testing

Unit Testing


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A strategy for software testing may also be viewed in the context of the diagram.

Unit testing begins at the spiral and concentrate on each unit of software as

implemented in source code. Testing program by moving outward along the

rectangle integration testing, where the focus is on design and construction of

software architecture. Taking another turn outward we encounter validationtesting, where requirements established a part of software that has been

constructed. Finally, we arrive at system testing, where the software and other

system elements are tested as whole.

Two Testing Approaches Have Been Adopted For Testing

White Box Testing (WBT)

Black Box Testing (BBT)

White Box Testing(WBT):- In white box testing approach, the closeexamination of procedural detail is done. Logical path through the software are

tested by cases that exercise specific set of conditions and loops. In the software

system it is essential that WBT should be done for the program of vital important

because this is very tedious and time consuming. Thus through WBT, we are ableto test all the independent paths within a module, all logical decisions on their

boundaries within their operational bound were exercise and internal data structure

to assure their validity were excised once. After the successful completion of

WBT, BBT method that is complementary method was considered.

Black Box Testing(BBT):- The BBT method enables the engineer todrive sets of input condition that will fully exercised all functional requirements

for a program into classes of data from which test cases can be derived.



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Equivalence classes are divided according to the following

guidelines:-

In an input condition specifies range, then one valid and two equivalence

classes are defined.

If an input condition requires a specific value one valid two invalid

equivalence classes are defined.

If an input condition specifies a member a set of one valid equivalence class

and one invalid Equivalence class is defined.

If an input condition is Boolean, on valid and one invalid class is defined.

After testing a module it is important to test software as a whole for which

we have chose the top down integration approach, which is an incremental

approach to the construction of the program structure.

Program Testing:- A program represent the logic elements of a system. For

a program to run satisfactorily, it must compile and test correctly and tie in

properly with other program. Achieving an error free program is responsibilities of

the programmer.

Program testing is of two types:-

a) Logical error.

b) Syntax error.

Syntax Error:-A syntax error is a program statement that violates one or more

rules of the language in which it is written. An improperly defined field dimension

or omitted key words are commonly syntax error. These errors are shown through

errors messages generated by the computer.

Logical Error:- A logical error deals with the incorrect data fields out of range

items and invalid combination since diagnostics do not Detect logical error ;the

programmer must examine the output carefully for them.

System Testing:- System testing is designed to uncover weakness that was

not found in earlier tests. This includes forced system failure and validation of the

total system as it will be implemented by its users in the operational environment.

Generally, it begins with low volume of transactions type is reached. The total



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system is also tested for recovery and the feedback after various major failures to

ensure that no data are lost during the emergency.


IMPLEMENTATION


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Implementation

The implementation phase is less creative than system design. It is primarily

concerned with user training, site preparation and file conversion with user

candidate system is linked to terminals or remote sites, the telecommunication

network and tests of the network along with the system are also included under

implementation. Implementation of the system involves the following:

Training: -

Training is provided to the user of the system and the operator because they are the

ones who will be dealing with the system. Training plays a very important role as

even a technically elegant system fails due to poor quality of training. The

methods of rendering training differ from person to person.

In case of operator training, the focus is to let them handle entry procedures and

vital data etc.In case of user training, user is explained the fundamental operation

of computers along with the basic knowledge of hardware.

System testing checks the readiness and accuracy of the system to access, update

and retrieve data from new files. Once the program becomes available test data are

read into the computer and processed against the file provided for testing. If

successful, the program is then run with live data. Otherwise the diagnosticprocedure is used to locate and correct in the program.

Conversion:-

Process of changing from old system to the new one is known as conversion.

There is various method of handling system conversion. However, the pros and

cons of each method should be evaluated before deciding on the final approach.

This precaution is very necessary because the success or failure of entire project

depends on it.

The methods of conversion are:



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Direct conversion:

In this type of conversion, all the users stop using the old system

at the same time, and then begin using the new system. This option is fast but

disruptive.

Parallel conversion:-

Users continue to use the old system while an increasing

amount of data is processed through the new system. The output from two systems

is compared, if they agree, switch is made. This option is useful for further live

testing of the new system, but is fairly time intensive because both systems areoperating at the same time.

Phased conversion:-

A user starts using the new system component by component.

This options works only for system that can be compartmentalized.

Pilot conversion:-

Personnel in a single pilot site to use the new system, then theentire organization makes the switch. Although this approach takes more time than

the other type of conversion, it gives opportunity to test user response to the

system thoroughly.



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CONCLUSION


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Conclusion

A Lot of efforts have been put to develop the project titled ELECTRICITYSYSTEM

At last we declare that this package is good effort to

accomplish the computerized ELECTRICITY SYSTEM in the Dept. The existing

manual system, as experienced was having so many shortcomings like brain

storming, data maintained, paper wastage and time consuming processes. The

major drawback of the existing system as complained by many students, that

enquires are not answered in time are removed in the system. The system providesthe management of different process used in the Electricity system, if required

another feature of the system is that the user can get different reports, which can

get.

So, this was all before the implementation of the system,

which is to be done. We have tried our best to use all latest techniques.



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ENHANCEMENT


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Future EnhancementThis system is designed in such a way that any future enhancement in the system

can be according to the requirement of the user. If new fields related to New

Connections, and billing system is to be added in the system can be easily

adjusted.

Scope has been left for changes in the existing system with aim to

improve performance and defectiveness of the system. New field can be added

with the require changes in the front end as well as back end.

The new system has been devised keeping in mind the need of user.

Therefore, user is prime concern. All the enhancement will be maid keeping in

mind the changes or addition in the system. These changes can be easily made

with our system. If an addition is required that can be made.



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So there is always scope of system to be better again with time and users need

.Enhancement will be made as and when required by the user.


BIBLIOGRAPHY


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Bibliography

Serial no. Reference Author

1. Software Engineering Pankaj Jalote2. Visual basic 6.0 Black Book

3. Microsoft Access Gurwinder Singh

Search engines

www.google.com

http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/


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BILL RECEIPT

Documents

Punjab state power corporation limited