PUNCTUATION REVIEW

• A conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence.

• A coordinating conjunction is used connect similar words or groups of words. Some example of coordinating conjunctions are: and, but, or, nor, and yet.

CONJUNCTIONS

• An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses a strong sudden emotion such as happiness, disgust, pain, amazement, sadness and so on. They are usually set off in a sentence with an exclamation point.

• Some common interjections are: Oops!, Wow!, Hooray!, Yikes!

INTERJECTIONS

• Exclamation points are used after exclamatory words and interjections that express strong emotion.

• A question mark is used at the end of a question.

EXCLAMATION POINTS AND QUESTION MARKS

• Periods are used at the end of declarative and imperative sentences.

• They are used with abbreviations of names, titles, addresses, time and units of measure.

• Periods are NOT used in metric measures or in postal abbreviations for states.

PERIODS

• Commas are used to separate words or groups of words in a series. We study math, science, geography, and social studies.

• To set off parts of dates, addresses, and geographic locations.

• To set off appositive phrases. John, our neighbor, has moved to Phoenix, Arizona.

• To separate clauses of a compound sentence connected by coordinating conjunctions.

• To set off direct quotations. “Marcos took my paper,” said Tim.

COMMAS

• Semicolons are used to separate the clauses of compound sentences when they are not separated by coordinating conjunctions.

• To separate items in a series when the items themselves contain commas.

• We visited Phoenix, Arizona; San Diego, California; and Albuquerque, New Mexico.

SEMICOLONS

• A colon is used for the salutation of a business letter.• Dear Professor Reed:• Before a list of items.• Please pack the following: sleeping bag, pillow,

toothbrush and toothpaste.• A colon is never used after a verb.

COLONS

• Quotation marks are placed before and after every complete quotation, and every part of a divided quotation.

• “I am going to the mall after school today.” Arianna said.• “ I am going to the mall,” Arianna said, “I need to finish my

Christmas shopping.”• A question mark or exclamation point is placed outside of an end

quotation mark when it is part of the entire sentence.• Who said, “I’ll be back in a minute”?• Quotation marks are used to set off titles of songs, poems,

articles and T.V. series.• “The Walking Dead” • Titles of books, movies, plays, and operas are printed in italics

and when hand-written are underlined.

QUOTATION MARKS

• Apostrophes are used to show possession• In contractions• To show the plural of lowercase letters

APOSTROPHES

• Hyphens are used in compound numbers from twenty-one and ninety-nine when they are written out.

• In compound terms: sister-in-law, drive-in• To break words into syllables. Lo-co-mo-tive

HYPHENS

• Capital letters are used as the first letter in a sentence and the pronoun I .

• First letter of a direct quotation• With a proper noun or proper adjective• Principal words in a title• First words in poems and songs

CAPITALIZATION