Puc

Darshan Kapadia 4/22/2013

C. G. P. I. T. - Bardoli. 1

Laws Related toPollution Under Control

(PUC)

Pollution Under Control CertificationAgency

• Every Registering Authority and Additional Registering Authority asdefined under Rule and any other Pollution Testing Stationsauthorized by the Licensing Authority shall be the agency to issuePollution Under Control Certificate:– Validity of Pollution Under Control Certificate:- The period of

validity of Pollution Under Control Certificate shall be six monthsfrom the date of issue,

– Format of Pollution Under Control Certificate:- The format ofPollution Under Control Certificate in triplicate shall be in FormP.U.C,

– Format of Pollution Control Notice:- The format of PollutionControl Notice shall be in Form P.C.N,

– Format of Pollution Testing Notice:- The format of PollutionTesting Notice shall be in Form P.T.N.



Fee For Testing And Issue Of PollutionUnder Control Certificate

• The following fee is payable in respect of Motor Vehicles fortesting or for issue of Pollution Under Control Certificate.

• Where the smoke emissions are found to exceed specifiedlimits on testing, the authorized agency shall direct the owneror driver of the vehicle to get the defects rectified, unless theyare minor in nature so as to comply with the provisions byissuing a Notice in Form Pollution Testing Notice.

Category Fee

Petrol two wheelers Rs. 15

Petrol two and three wheelers Rs. 25

Diesel any category Rs. 30

Procedure For PUC CertificationAgency

1. The instrument to be used for measuring thepollution levels of automobiles should beapproved by any one of the following agencies,namely:

a) Vehicle Research & Development Establishment -Ahmednagar.

b) Automotive Research Association of India, Pune.c) Central Machinery Testing and Training Institute,

Budni, Madhya Pradesh.d) Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun.e) National Environmental Engineering Research

Institute, Nagpur.



2. The procedure for conducting the test shallbe as below:– Diesel Vehicles - Free Acceleration Method: The

reading of pollution levels should be noted whenthe acceleration pedal is fully pressed. An averageof five such readings should be taken as the finalreading.

– Petrol Vehicles – Idling Limits: The reading shallbe noted when the vehicle is idling.


3. The instrument should be calibrated at leastonce in a year and as recommended by themanufacturer and certificate of lastcalibration should always be made availablefor inspection. The instrument shall also beproduced for inspection (of calibration andefficiency) to the officers of the MotorVehicles Department.




4. The validity of the test report from the dateof test, shall be as under:


Sr. No. PUC Test Reading Validity

Petrol Driven Vehicles(Idling CO emission limits)

Diesel Driven Vehicles(measured by free

acceleration method)

2 & 3 –wheelers 4 – wheelers

1. Less than 3% Less than 1.5 % Less than 50 HartridgeSmoke Units 6 Months

2. 3 to 4 % 1.5 to 2.5 % 50 to 60 HartridgeSmoke Units 4 Months

3. 4 to 4.5 % 2.5 to 3.00 % 60 to 65 HartridgeSmoke Units 2 Months

5. The PUC Test certificates shall be obtained onlyfrom the printing presses informed from time totime and shall be serially numbered. A separateaccount of receipt and utilization of thesecertificates shall always be maintained andproduced for inspection on demand. The PUCcertificate should be signed by only one of thepersons authorized in this behalf, as mentionedin the application form for grant ofauthorization. The PUC certificate shouldindicate the pollution levels before and afteradjustments .




6. The persons conducting the test should holda minimum qualification of certificate inAutomobile Engineering or Motor Mechanicsissued by Industrial Training Institute ofGovernment of Gujarat and should also knowthe procedure for minor adjustments/repairswith which the pollution levels can bebrought down, without affecting overallperformance of the engine.


7. Incase of vehicles showing higher level ofemission than the prescribed limits underCentral Motor Vehicles Rules 1989 theregistration number of such vehicles should beinformed to concerned R.T.O, Dy. R.T.O or Asst.R.T.O by holder of the Centers within 24 hours.

8. The authorization granted shall be immediatelycancelled and holder thereof shall be criminallyprosecuted if any malpractices are noticed inrunning of the center or issue of PUCCertificates.




Harmful Exhaust Gas ConstituentsPetrol Diesel

Compound % of total Compound % of total

N2 71 N2 67

CO2 14 CO2 13

H2O 12 H2O 11

CO 1 - 2 O2 10

Trace elements < 0.5 ~ 0.3

NOx < 0.25 NOx < 0.15

CxHy < 0.25 CO < 0.045

SO2 Possible traces PM < 0.045

CxHy < 0.03

SO2 < 0.03•N2 = Nitrogen•CO2 = Carbon dioxide•H2O = Water

•O2 = Oxygen•CxHy (or Hx or HC) =Hydrocarbons•CO = Carbon Monoxide

•NOx = Nitrogen oxides•SO2 = Sulphur dioxide•PM = Particulate matter

Euro / Bharat Stage -I, II, III, IV Norms

Standard Reference Date Region

India 2000 Euro 1 2000 Nationwide

Bharat Stage II Euro 2

2001 NCR, Mumbai,Kolkata, Chennai

2003 – 04 NCR, 13 Cities*

2005 – 04 Nationwide

Bharat Stage III Euro 32005 - 04 NCR, Mumbai,

Kolkata, Chennai

2010 – 04 Nationwide

Bharat Stage IV Euro 4 2010 - 04 NCR, 13 Cities*

Indian Emission Standards (4-Wheel Vehicles)* = Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat,

Kanpur, Lucknow, Sholapur, Jamshedpur and Agra



• Comparison between Bharat Stage and Euronorms:– The Bharat Stage norms have been styled to suit

specific needs and demands of Indian conditions.– The differences lie essentially in environmental and

geographical needs, even though the emissionstandards are exactly the same.

– For instance, Euro-III is tested at sub-zerotemperatures in European countries.

– In India, where the average annual temperatureranges between 24 and 28 degree Celsius, the test isdone away with.


• Comparison between Bharat Stage and Euro norms:– Another major distinction is in the maximum speed at which

the vehicle is tested.– A speed of 90 km/h is stipulated for BS-III, whereas it is

120 km/h for Euro-III, keeping emission limits the same inboth cases.

– In addition to limits, test procedure has certain finer pointstoo.

– For instance, the mass emission test measurements done ing/km on a chassis dynamometer requires a loading of 100 kgweight in addition to unloaded car weight in Europe.

– In India, BS-III norms require an extra loading of 150 kgweight to achieve the desired inertia weight mainly due toroad conditions here.




• Emission standards for new heavy-duty diesel engines—applicableto vehicles of GVW > 3,500 kg—are listed below:


Year Reference Test CO HC NOx PM

1992 - ECE R49 17.3-32.6 2.7-3.7 - -

1996 - ECE R49 11.20 2.40 14.4 -

2000 Euro I ECE R49 4.5 1.1 8.0 0.36

2005 Euro II ECE R49 4.0 1.1 7.0 0.15

2010 Euro IIIESC 2.1 0.66 5.0 0.10

ETC 5.45 0.78 5.0 0.16

2010 Euro IVESC 1.5 0.46 3.5 0.02

ETC 4.0 0.55 3.5 0.03Emission Standards for Diesel Truck and Bus Engines, g/kWh

• Emission standards for light-duty diesel vehicles(GVW ≤ 3,500 kg) are summarized in Table.

• Ranges of emission limits refer to different classes(by reference mass) of light commercial vehicles;compare the EU light-duty vehicle emissionstandards page for details on the Euro 1 and laterstandards.

• The lowest limit in each range applies topassenger cars (GVW ≤ 2,500 kg; up to 6 seats).




Year Reference CO HC HC+NOx NOx PM

1992 - 17.3-32.6 2.7-3.7 - - -

1996 - 5.0-9.0 - 2.0-4.0 - -

2000 Euro 1 2.72-6.90 - 0.97-1.70 0.14-0.25 -

2005 Euro 2 1.0-1.5 - 0.7-1.2 0.08-0.17 -

2010 Euro 30.640.800.95

-0.560.720.86

0.500.650.78

0.050.070.10

2010 Euro 40.500.630.74

-0.300.390.46

0.250.330.39

0.0250.040.06


Emission Standards for Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles, g/KWh

• Engines for use in light-duty vehicles can be also emission testedusing an engine dynamometer.

• The respective emission standards are listed in Table below:


Year Reference CO HC NOx PM

1992 - 14.0 3.5 18.0 -

1996 - 11.20 2.40 14.4 -

2000 Euro I 4.5 1.1 8.0 0.36

2005† Euro II 4.0 1.1 7.0 0.15Emission Standards for Light-Duty Diesel Engines



• Emissions standards for gasoline vehicles(GVW ≤ 3,500 kg) are summarized in Table.

• Ranges of emission limits refer to differentclasses of light commercial vehicles (comparethe EU light-duty vehicle emission standardspage).

• The lowest limit in each range applies topassenger cars (GVW ≤ 2,500 kg; up to 6seats).


Year Reference CO HC HC+NOx NOx

1991 - 14.3-27.1 2.0-2.9 -

1996 - 8.68-12.4 - 3.00-4.36

1998* - 4.34-6.20 - 1.50-2.18

2000 Euro 1 2.72-6.90 - 0.97-1.70

2005† Euro 2 2.2-5.0 - 0.5-0.7

2010† Euro 32.3

4.175.22

0.200.250.29

-0.150.180.21

2010‡ Euro 41.0

1.812.27

0.10.130.16

-0.080.100.11


Emission Standards for Gasoline Vehicles (GVW ≤ 3,500 kg), g/km



• Emission standards for 3- and 2-wheel gasoline vehicles arelisted in the following tables.


Year CO HC HC+NOx

1991 12-30 8-12 -

1996 6.75 - 5.40

2000 4.00 - 2.00

2005 (BS II) 2.25 - 2.00

2010.04 (BS III) 1.25 - 1.25

Emission Standards for 3-Wheel GasolineVehicles, g/km

Year CO HC HC+NOx

1991 12-30 8-12 -

1996 5.50 - 3.60

2000 2.00 - 2.00

2005 (BS II) 1.5 - 1.5

2010.04 (BS III) 1.0 - 1.0

Emission Standards for 2-Wheel GasolineVehicles, g/km

Year CO HC+NOx PM

2005.04 1.00 0.85 0.10

2010.04 0.50 0.50 0.05

Emission Standards for 2-And 3-Wheel DieselVehicles, g/km

• Fuels:– Fuel quality plays a very important role in meeting

the stringent emission regulation.– The fuel specifications of gasoline and diesel have

been aligned with the Corresponding EuropeanFuel Specifications for meeting the Euro II, Euro IIIand Euro IV emission norms.

– The use of alternative fuels has been promoted inIndia both for energy security and emissionreduction.




• Fuels:– Delhi and Mumbai have more than 100,000 commercial

vehicles running on CNG fuel. Delhi has the largest numberof CNG commercial vehicles running anywhere in theWorld.

– India is planning to introduce Biodiesel, ethanol gasolineblends in a phased manner and has drawn up a road mapfor the same. The Indian auto industry is working with theauthorities to facilitate for introduction of the alternativefuels.

– India has also set up a task force for preparing theHydrogen road map.

– The use of LPG has also been introduced as an auto fueland the oil industry has drawn up plans for setting up ofauto LPG dispensing stations in major cities.


Sr. No. Characteristics Unit BharatStage II

BharatStage III

BharatStage IV

1 Density 15 0 C Kg/m3 710-770 720-775 720-7752 (a) Recovery up to

70 0 C(E70)%Volume 10 - 45 10 – 45 10 – 45

2 (b) Recovery up to100 0 C (E100)

%Volume 40 - 70 40 - 70 40 - 70

2 (c) Recovery up to180 0 C (E180)

%Volume 90 - -

2 (d) Recovery up to150 0 C (E150)

%Volume - 75 min 75 min

2 (e) Final BoilingPoint (FBP),

Max

0C 210 210 210

2 (f) Residue Max %Volume 2 2 2


Gasoline Fuel Specification



Euro / Bharat Stage -I, II, III, IV NormsSr. No. Characteristics Unit Bharat

Stage IIBharat

Stage IIIBharat

Stage IV

3Research

Octane Number(RON), Min

88 91 91

4Anti KnockIndex (AKI)/MON, Min

84 (AKI) 81 (MON) 81 (MON)

5 Sulphur, Total,Max

%mass 0.05 150 mg/Kg 50 mg/Kg

6 Lead Content(asPb), Max g/l 0.013 0.005 0.005

7Reid Vapour

Pressure (RVP),Max

Kpa 35-60 60 60

8 Oléfine content,Max

%Volume - 21 21

Gasoline Fuel Specification

Sr. No Characteristics BSII BSIII BSIV

1 Density Kg/m3 15 0 C 820-800 820-845 820-845

2 Sulphur Content mg/kg max 500 350 50

3 (a) Cetane Number minimum 48 51 51

3 (b) Cetane Index 46 46 46

4 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon - 11 11

5 Distillation

(a) Recovery Min. At 350 0 C 85 - -

(b) Recovery Min. At 370 0C 95 - -

(c) 95%Vol Recovery at 0o C max - 360 360


Diesel Fuel Specification

Documents

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