Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research ...jairjp.com/SLSRABS 2016.pdf · SACRED GROVES IN AND AROUND KOLLI HILLS AT NAMAKKAL DISTRICT Kumaresan N. and K. Ilango

Published by

3rdOct, 2016

PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts Coll

Published Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR)

ISSN: 2278www.jairjp.com

Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278

SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”

PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar

Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR)

ISSN: 2278-5213 www.jairjp.com

Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213

RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”

ge, Cheyyar

Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213

3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”


ARIGNAR ANNA GOVERNMENT ARTS

COLLEGE, CHEYYAR - 604 407.

PG & RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY

IQAC Sponsored State Level Seminar

On

Recent Advances in Biological Sciences

(SLSRABS-2016)

3rd October - 2016




Dr. S. Nirmala Devi, M.Sc., M. Phil., M.Ed., Ph.D., P.G.D.H.E., D.C.A., Principal, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407.

Message

This seminar is aimed at focussing a wide spectrum of research and advancement that

is going on in the field of biological sciences and in understanding the problems associated in

making use of such advances in biological sciences for the betterment of human life.

There is a need to highlight the new techniques/methodologies in the field of

biological sciences apart from creating innovative ideas to meet the challenges posed in the

field of Biologic al sciences.

I am sure, this State Level Seminar on Recent Advances in Biological Sciences will

provide a platform to share research findings, experiences and to explore the diverse world of

Biological sciences, by exchanging views, ideas and applied aspects of biological sciences

among researchers, academicians and peers.

Dr.S.Nirmala Devi Principal




Dr. A. MURTHY, M. Com., M. Phil., B.Ed., Ph.D.,

IQAC Convener

Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College,

Cheyyar – 604 407.

Message

I am glad to know that the Department of Zoology in Arignar Anna Government

Arts College, Cheyyar is to hold seminar on "Recent Advances in Biological Sciences"

(SLSRABS-2016) on October 3rd, 2016. I wish them success in their endeavor.

Thanks and regards

Place: Cheyyar

Date: 29.09.2016 Dr. A. MURTHY

IQAC Convener

Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College




Dr. E. Marimuthu, Ph.D.,

Co-ordinator,

College NAAC Committee,


Cheyyar – 604 407.

Message

At the outset I congratulate the Head of the Department and the Faculty Members of

the Zoology for conducting IQAC assisted One Day State Level Seminar on the “Recent

Advances in Biological Sciences” (SLSRABS- 2016). As a NAAC Co-ordinator, I convey

my best wishes for releasing the Abstracts of the Research Papers to be presented in the

seminar. To bring out such a volume on the day of the seminar is an indispensible effort for

which I once again convey my best wishes to the Members of the Faculty of the Zoology for

their yeoman service to the World of Biological Sciences.

Place: Cheyyar

Date: 30. 09. 2016 DR. E. MARIMUTHU

Co-ordinator,

College NAAC Committee.




Dr. S. DURAIRAJ, Ph.D.,

Associate Professor & Head ,

PG and Research Department of Zoology,


Cheyyar – 604 407.

Message

It gives me a great pleasure in organizing a“State Level Seminar on Recent Advances

in Biological Sciences” (SLSRABS-2016) in the Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna

Government Arts College, Cheyyar on 3rd October 2016 with the assistance of Internal

Quality Assurance Cell of our College. The principal Dr. S. NIRMALADEVI has given an

encouragement and motivation to conduct the seminar to focus on the recent developments in

biological sciences. The seminar will give an opportunity to the post graduates students,

M.Phil and Ph.D research scholars to understand the developments in biological sciences.

The salient features of the seminar are as follows:

Applied aspects of biological sciences will be focused to the young scientist as well as

to the budding researchers.

New techniques/methodologies in the field of medicine and agriculture will be

highlighted.

Create innovative ideas to meet the challenges posed in the biological sciences.

In total, our goal as a scientific community is to provide a platform to share scientific

findings and explore the diverse world of Biological Sciences, by exchanging ideas

among peers and gain experiences from academic advisors.

On this occasion I take this opportunity to thank our college principal, IQAC convener,

NAAC co-ordinator, staff members of zoology and teaching and nonteaching and

participants.

S.DURAIRAJ




ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Chief Patron

Dr.P.Nirmala Devi,

Principal,

Arignar Anna Government Arts College,

Cheyyar - 604 407.

IQAC Convener

Dr.A.Murthy

Head, Department of commerce,


Cheyyar - 604407.

NAAC CO-ORDINATOR

Dr.E.Marimuthu

Head, Department of History


Cheyyar - 604407.

Organizing Secretary

Dr.S.Durairaj,

Head, Department of Zoology,

Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College.

Cheyyar - 604407.

Committee Members

1. Dr.N.Punitha,

Assistant Professor of Zoology

2. Dr.G.Balasubramanian,


3. Dr.N.Subramanian,


4. Mrs. N. Devika.


5. Dr.S.R.Pugazhvendan,

Assistant professor of Zoology




SL.NO.

CONTENTS

PAGES

1. ADVANCES IN COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCES

Dr. S.Uvarajan 1

2. TOXICITY OF CHLORFYRIFOS ON THE INTERREALATIONSHIP BETWEEN

CHOLINERGIC AND AMINERGIC SYSTEM OF BRAIN IN WISTAR RAT

Karunakaran. V.C, and S. Durairaj

2

3. EFFECT OF SEMI RIPE CARICA PAPAYA FRUIT PULP AND SEED EXTRACTS

ON FRUCTOSE CONTITUENTS IN REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURE OF MALE

ALBINO RATS

Punitha. N, R. Saravanan and N. Shettu

3

4. STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF NAPHTHALENE BALLS ON BIOCHEMICAL AND

HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN COCONUT PEST RHINOCEROS BEETLE (Onyxes

rhinoceros)

Seetu. K and N.Subramanian

4

5. STUDY ON INTESTINAL PARASITES OF MADRAS RED SHEEP IN AND

AROUND KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT

Sangeetha. M and N. Subramanian

5

6. STUDY OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS IN DRINKING WATER SAMPLES

COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT AREAS IN AND AROUND CHEYYAR TALUK,

THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT

Muthu. M and N. Subramanian

6

7. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY

OF “ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS” LEAF EXTRACT

A.Tamizhselvi

7

8. BREAST CANCER AND ITS ADVANCEMENT IN TREATMENT

M.Bhuvaneshwari 8

9. THE EFFECT OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE (AD) AND IT’S TREATMENTS

Nandhagopalan. S, U.Aravind Kumar and R.Elumalai 9

10. IN VITRO STUDY OF PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTICOAGULANT

ACTIVITY OF AERVA LANATA (L) LEAF EXTRATS

Rajesh . Sand K. Prabu

10

11. GENOME AND PROTEOME ANALYSIS OF BACE1 FOR ALZHEIMER DISEASE

Gopinath. G, A.lokeshkumar, and E. Subha 11

12. THE EFFECT OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHROMATUS (SLE) DISEASE

Nandhagopal. S,R. Kayalvizhi and I. Nirmaladevi 12

13. SYNTHESIS, CHARECTERISATION, AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF

SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM CARICA PAPAYA LINN. LATEX

Kanchana. A, K.Sindhu and B. Sarathkumar

13

14. EFFECTS OF NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA A.JUSS: MELIACEAE) LEAF AND

SEED KERNEL EXTRACTS ON THE HAIRY LEAF CATERPILLAR (EUPTEROTE

MOLLIFERA WALK - BOMBYCIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA) INSECT PEST OF

MORINGA TREE (MORINGA OLEIFERA. LAM., 1785: MORINGACEAE)

Kannan.M, M. Jamal Mohammed, and G. Balasubramanian

14

15. EFFECT OF NEEM ON THE HISTOLOGY OF FISH OREOCHROMIS

MOSSAMBICUS

Arumugam. S, N. Ramadass and S. Durairaj

15




16. MORPHOLOGY AND SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEEPSEA FISH

GLOWBELLYACROPOMA JAPONICUM (GUNTHER, 1859) RECORDED FROM

THE INDIAN WATERS

Babu. M and A. Siva

16

17. ANTIFERTILITY EFFECT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS

Nathiya. S and K. Devi 17

18. A REVIEW ON BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITES OFNIGELLA SATIVA

Shaista Jabeen. N and K.Devi 18

19. A REVIEW ON TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES FOR

TREATMENT OF HEPATIC DISEASES

Jagapriya. L and K. Devi

19

20. STUDIES ON HAEMOCYTE TYPES AND TOTAL AND DIFFERNTIAL COUNTS IN

WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS (WSSV) INFECTED AND NORMAL

RESHWATER RICE FIELD CRAB Paratelphusa pulvinata (Herbst)

Anbarasan.E and G. Balasubramanian

20

21. STUDIES ON THE EXPERIMENTAL INFECTIVITY OFMACROBRACHIUM

ROSENBERGII NODAVIRUS (MRNV) AND EXTRA SMALL VIRUS (XSV) IN

FRESHWATER RICE-FILED CRAB PARATELPHUSA PULVINATA (HERBST)

Arulvizhi .R and G. Balasubramanian

21

22. STUDIES ON BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRSUS

(WSSV) INFECTED FRESHWATER RICE FIELD CRAB (Paratelphusa pulvinata)

(Herbst)

Gurumurthy. R and G.Balasubramanian

22

23. HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON WHITE SPOTSYNDROME

VIRUS (WSSV) INFECTED FRESHWATER RICE-FIELDCRAB

(Paratelphusa hydrodomous) (Herbst)

Karthikeyan. N and G.Balasubramanian

23

24. STUDIES ON HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGE IN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS

(WSSV) INFECTED FRESHWATERRICE-FILED CRAB (Paratelphusa hydrodomous)

(Herbst)

Kanniyammal. S and G.Balasubramanian

24

25. STUDIES ON BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRSUS

(WSSV) INFECTED FRESHWATER RICE FIELD CRAB (Paratelphusa hydrodomous)

(Herbst)

Iyyappan. A and G.Balasubramanian

25

26. STUDIES ON HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGE IN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS

(WSSV) INFECTED FRESHWATER RICE-FILED CRAB (Paratelphusa pulvinata)

(Herbst)

Dilliammal. P and G.Balasubramanian

26

27. HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS (WSSV)

INFECTED FRESHWATER CRAB(Paratelphusa pulvinata) (Herbst)

Rajkumar. Sand G.Balasubramanian

27

28. INVESTIGATION ON THE TRIDAX PROCUMBENS ON THE DIGESTIVE

PHYSIOLOGY OF SILKWORM BOMBYX MORI L.

Ravisankar. K and G.Balasubramanian

28

29. STUDIES ON SCREENING OF SELECTED ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANT

EXTRACTS FROM SOUTH INDIA FOR LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY AGAINST THE

FILARIAL VECTOR CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS SAY (DIPTERIA:CULICIDAE)

Sumathi.S , A. Bagavan, G.Balasubramanian

29




30. ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN AND AROUND TANNERY INDUSTRY

OF ARCOT IN THE RIVER PALAR, VELLORE DISTRICT

Ravisankar. K and G. Balasubramanian

30

31. HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII

NODAVIRUS (MRNV) AND EXTRA SMALL VIRUS (XSV) IN FRESHWATER

RICE-FILED CRAB PARATELPHUSA PULVINATA (HERBST)

Vignesh. P and G.Balasubramanian

31

32. STUDIES ON LARVICIDAL PROPERTIES OF NYCTANTHES ARBOR PLANT

EXTRACTS AGAINST THE FILARIAL VECTOR CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS

Divya. M, A. Bagavan, G.Balasubramanian

32

33. GC/MS ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES IN MORINGA OLEIFERA

AND THEIR MEDICINAL PROPERTY

Gokila Devi. T, A. Revathi,,and L. R. Gopinath

33

34. SACRED GROVES IN AND AROUND KOLLI HILLS AT NAMAKKAL DISTRICT

Kumaresan N. and K. Ilango 34

35. ANALYSIS OF ANTIBIOTIC ACTIVITY OF RHIZOSPHERE SOIL BACTERIA

FROM SOLANUM NIGRUM AND AZADIRACHTA INDICA

Premalatha, K, Gayathri, P., Virgin Nisha, M., and Gopinath, L. R.

35

36. ISOLTION AND IDENTIFICATION EFFECTIVE DIESEL DEGARADAING

BACTERIA

Karthika. R, S. Nandhini and L.R. Gopinath

36

37. EFFECT OF DIMETHOATE AND Cipadessa baccifera ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT

ON Eudrilus eugeniae

Archaya, S, Bhuvaneswari. R, and L.R.Gopinath

37

38. EFFECT OF QUINALOPHOS AND Cipasdessa baccifera ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT

ON SUCKERMOUTH CATFISH (Hypostomus plecostomus)

Bhuvaneswari. R, Archaya. S and L. R.Gopinath

38

39. ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF EFFECTIVE ORGANOPHOSPHATE

DEGRADING BACTERIAL SPECIES FROM ADATHODA VASICA RHIZOSPHERIC

SOIL

Shyamala, S. Y., Gopinath, L. R., Archaya, S. and Bhuvaneswari, R.

39

40. ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF

CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS L. AND ITS MEDICINAL PROPERTY

Sadhana, B. K., Gopinath, L. R. and Archaya, S.

40

41. ALAYSIS OF MICROBIAL CONSORTIA FOR EFFECTIVE BIOGAS

PRODUCTION

Deepa, N, Archaya. S and L. R. Gopinath

41

42. ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF EFFECTIVE

ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCING ACTINOMYCETES FROM RHIZOSPHERE SOIL OF

Adhatoda vasica AND Azadirachta indica

Gopinath. L.R, A.V.R. Jananni, S. Archaya and R. Bhuvaneswari

42

43. BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF CONTROL AND FIRE WOOD

ASH (ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION WASTE) TREATED EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

OF LOCAL SPECIES OF EARTHWORM (LAMPITO MAURITII) IN CHEYYAR

TALUK, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT

Murugan. M and N. Subramanian

43




44. THE ROLE OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION OF FLAXSEED, FENUGREEK AND

JAMUN SEED ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-

NICOTINAMIDE INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

S. Latha

44

45. DETERMINATION OF VANCOMYCIN MIC IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FOR

ISOLATES SHOWING REDUCED ZONE OF INHIBITION BY DISC DIFFUSION

METHOD

Praveen Kumar.V, T.N.Ravi V.Sreenivasulu Reddy and B.Sai Ravi Kiran

45

46. TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN DIABETES

MELLITUS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME

B. Sai Ravi Kiran

46

47. POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME AND DIABETES 2 MELLITUS PATIENTS

S. Nandini 47

48. BIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS AND THEIR ROLE OF FERAL COCKROACHES IN

AMIRTHI FOREST,EASTERN GHATS, TAMIL NADU, INDIA(INSECTA:

BLATTODEA)

Ezhumalai. P and S. Prabakaran

48

49. MILLICOMPOST IS A FUTURE BIOFERTILIZER

Chezhian. Y and S. Prabakaran 49

50. INVITRO PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTI FUNGAL ACTIVITY OF

GANODERMA LUCIDUM

Naveen kumar. C and R. Srikumar

50

51. STUDY OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION IN DRINKING WATER SAMPLES

COLLECTED FROM PERUNKALATHUR AND THUMBAI VILLAGE LAKES

LOCATED NEAR CHEYYAR TALUK, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT

Karthik.M and N. Subramanian

51

52. STUDIES ON GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES OF CHICKEN IN AND AROUND

CHEYYAR TALUK, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT

Divyamery.R and N. Subramanian

52

53. EFFECT OF CONSUMPTION OF MILLET DIET ON DIABETES MELLITUS,

TREATED AND UNTREATED PATIENTS COLLECTED FROM CHEYYAR TALUK,


Hemalatha.M.D and N. Subramanian

53

54. COMPARETIVE STUDY OF PHYSICO – CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF POND

WATER, AIR - CONDITIONED OUTLET WATER AND CHANGES IN THE

HISTOLOGY OF FRESH WATER FISH TILAPIA MOSSAMBICA, TREATED WITH

AIR-CONDITIONED OUTLET WATER

Govindhan.P and N.Subramanian

54

55. BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN IN

ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA DURING TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY

Sandhya Rani.T

55

56. BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY PABACTERIOLOGICAL

PROFILE AND SPECTRUM OF SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN IN DIABETIC FOOT

ULCER PATIENTS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, PUDUCHERRY

K. Jayarani

56

57. HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY ZINC CHLORIDE ON CERTAIN

TISSUES OF TELEOST FISH ESOMUS DANRICA

P. Kavitha

57




58. STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF MERCURIC CHLORIDE ON THE HISTOLOGY OF

GILL, LIVER AND KIDNEY AND GLYCOGEN LEVELS IN LIVER AND MUSCLE

OF CHANNA PUNCTATUS

Prakash.B

58

59. LP(A) LEVELS IN DIABETES AND METABOLIC SYNDROME

T.Mohanalakshmi 59

60. SURVEY STUDY ON GASTRO-INTESTINAL PARASITES OF BUFFALO IN

CHEYYAR TALUK THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT

Aruna. Mand N. Subramanian

60

61. STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF DETERGENT ON THE BIOCHEMICAL AND

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE FRESHWATER FISH

TILAPIA MOSSAMIBICA

M. Venu and N. Subramaniyan

61

62. STUDIES ON THE ANATOMICAL STUCTURS OF EARTH WORM, EUDRILUS

EUGENIAE TREATED WITH TARTRAZINE, A FOOD COLORING AGENT, IN THE

FLOWER AND VEGETABLE WASTE

Kalaivanan.K, S. Durairaj and G. Selladurai

62

63. BEHAVIOURAL STUDIES ON THE MEGASCOLECID EARTHWORM, LAMPITO

MAURITII EXPOSED TO SOME CHLORIDE FERTILIZERS

Nagarajan.J

63

64. MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON MARPHYSA GRAVELYI (POLYCHAETA:

EUNICIDAE) FROM PULICAT LAKE

Nathiya. J and E. Malathi

64

65. STUDIES ON THE EFFICIENCY OF EISENIA FOETIDA IN THE BIOCONVERSION

OF WASTES TREATED WITH THE FOOD COLOURING AGENT TARTRAZINE

Padmavathi.G, S. Durairaj,G. Selladurai and K. Kalaivanan

65

66. NUTRITIONAL INDICES AS AN INDEX TO ASSESS THE FEEDING POTENTIALS

OF FOREST INSECT PESTS

Pachaiyappan, S and S. Durairaj

66

67. EFFECT OF FOOD AND TEMPERATURE ON THE SURVIVAL AND BODY

LENGTH VARIATION OF THREE CLADOCERAN SPS

Sonia. R1and R.Ramanibai2

67

68. STUDIES ON THE LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF VITEX NEGUNDO LEAF

EXTRACT AGAINST CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS

Poonguzali. J and M.Kalaivani

68

69. TOTAL HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIAAND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS

IN THE UPPANAR ESTUARY

Premalatha.R

69

70. ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MORINDA TINCTORIA ETHANOL LEAF

EXTRACT IN A VIBRIO HARVEYI INFECTED FRESHWATER CRAB,

OZIOTELPHUSA SENEX SENEX

Srivalli M, J. Jayanthi and MG .Ragunathan

70

71. TO EVALUATE MESOCYCLOPS (CYCLOPOIDA: CYCLOPOIDAE) AS A

POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT AGAINST MOSQUITO LARVAE

Kanniga. S and R.Ramanibai

71

72. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INDUSTRIALLY IMPORTANT

ENZYMES PRODUCING BACTERIA AND ITS OPTIMIZATION

Pugazhvendan. S. R, N. B. Dhayanithi and S. Kumaran

72




73. DETERMINATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS

COLLECTED FROM PALAMAN RIVER, TAMILNADU

Radhakrishnan. M.V and S.R. Pugazhvendan

73

74. HONEY- AN IMPORTANT NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCE (NTFP) - ITS

COLLECTION FROM NATURAL SOURCE IN KARNATAKA

Soundararajan, V., Ravi Kumar, G., Murugesan, K., Prabakaran, S. and Manohar, P.

74

75. AGROECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTHOPPER

DIVERSITY IN KOLLI HILLS, TAMILNADU, INDIA

Kumaresan, N, K. Ilango,L. R. Gopinath and R.Bhuvaneswari

75

76. STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF UNTREATED SUGARCANE MILL EFFLUENT

WATER ON BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN FRESHWATER

FISH TILAPIA MOSSAMBICA

Baskar. S and N.Subramaniyan

76

77. STUDY ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE FRESH WATER ZOOPLANKTONS IN

THE PONDS OF CHEYYAR TALUK THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT

Ethiraj.S, N. Subramaniyan and N.Ramadas.

77

78. PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN CATTLE IN AND

AROUND CHEYYAR TALUK, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT

Vanisri V and N. Subramanian*

78

79. AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF S-ALLYLE CYSTEINE ON MERCURIC CHLORIDE

INTOXICATED RATS

Erusan Bharathi and Ganesan Jagadeesan

79

80. EVALUATION OF MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS FOR PARASITES CONTROL

Asokan Bagavan and A.Abdul Rahuman 80

81. EFFECT OF FEEDING DIFFERENT DIETARY LEVELS OF ENERGY AND

PROTEIN ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE STATUS OF FRESHWATER

FINGERLINGS (LABEOROHITA)

N. Devika

81

82. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CANCER PREVENTION, DETECTION

AND TREATMENT

Durgadevi R

82

83. ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

P.L. Kowsalya 83

84. CYSTIC FIBROSIS

P.L.Kowsalya, V.Saranya 84

85. PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN DOMESTIC PIGS

COLLECTED FROM CHEYYAR TALUK,THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT

Gomathi. M and N. Subramanian

85

86. EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF KITCHEN SPICES

Durgadevi R 86



1 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar

ADVANCES IN COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCES

Dr. S.Uvarajan

Thiruvalluvar University College of Arts and Science, Thennangur.

Abstract

Cognitive neuroscience concurrent with cognitive psychology, and the manifestations

of behaviour under the control of the brain. The margins between psychiatry psychology, and

neuroscience have become fairly indistinct. Cognitive neuroscientists tend to have a

background in experimental psychology, neurobiology, neurology, physics, and mathematics.

Cognitive science uses the experimental methods of cognitive psychology and

artificial intelligence to create and test models of higher-level cognition such as thought and

language. Cognitive neuroscience bridges these two domains. It maps higher-level cognitive

functions to known brain architectures and known modes of neuronal processing,

psychophysical experiments, functional neuroimaging, electrophysiological studies of neural

systems and, increasingly, cognitive genomics and behavioral genetics

Disorders related to cognition are ADHD, Alzheimer's disease,Autism, Bipolar

disorder, Depression, Schizophrenia. Cognitive Processes includes Attention, Language,

Learning & Memory, perception and Thinking.

Clinical studies in psychopathology in patients with cognitive deficits constitute an

important aspect of cognitive neuroscience. The main theoretical approaches are

computational neuroscience and the more traditional, descriptive cognitive psychology

theories such as psychometrics.

I wish the organisers for the effort in the conduct of this symposium. This symposium

would create a platform to the researchers to perform further inventive research in this era

notion of neurosciences.




TOXICITY OF CHLORFYRIFOS ON THE INTERREALATIONSHIP BETWEEN

CHOLINERGIC AND AMINERGIC SYSTEM OF BRAIN IN WISTAR RAT

Karunakaran. V.C*, and S. Durairaj

PG & Research Department of Zoology,

Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar - 604407.

*Dept. of Chemistry, SGS Canada Inc.,6490 Vipond Drive,

Mississauga, Ontario, L5T 1W8, Canada

Abstract

Chlorpyrifos toxicity on neurotransmitter interrelationships was studied in Wistar strain of rat

with the determination of 50% lethal dose of chlorpyrifos (170 mg/kg; i.p). The LD50 dose affected

significantly the levels of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, dopamine, nor epinephrine,

epinephrine and hydroxy tryptamine. Few drugs were also chosen for pretreatment with the

chlorpyrifos to understand the influence of toxicity of chlorpyrifos. Pretreatment with drugs like

Pyridine-2-Aldoxime methiodide, atropine, reserpine and propranolol were also altered the level of

neurotransmitters in the brain regions of rat. Besides, enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase and

monoamine oxidase activities were also significantly changed at various intervals. The influence of

drugs on chlorpyrifos evoked varied responses in the brain regions which confirmed the regional

heterogeneity. Apart from the biochemical analysis, body tremor and hypothermia were observed

during the treatment of chlorpyrifos and drugs. These studies revealed the disturbances in the balance

between cholinergic and aminergic systems as a result the involvement of chlorpyrifos in eliciting

extra-pyramidal symptoms have been suggested.




EFFECT OF SEMI RIPE CARICA PAPAYA FRUIT PULP AND SEED EXTRACTS ON

FRUCTOSE CONTITUENTS IN REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURE OF MALE ALBINO RATS

Punitha. N1, R. Saravanan2 and N. Shettu3

1P.G and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College,Cheyyar 2P.G Department of Zoology, Dr Ambedkar Govt. Arts College, Chennai.

3P.G and Research Department of Zoology, pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai

Abstract

The present study was carried out to assess the effect of semi-ripe fruit pulp extract of Carica

papaya (seeded and seedless fruits) on male albino wistar rats. The aim of the present investigation is

to analys the mechanism of action of aqueous extract of seeded papaya fruit pulp and seed extract

administered as a combined dose and seedless variety papaya fruit pulp extract on Fructose constituents

in male albino rats.Sperm obtained directly from the epididymis contains hardly any fructose. During

the passage through the male genital tract the semen acquires fructose from the accessory glands

associated with reproduction, of which the seminal vesicles are the chief contribution of fructose. They

provide the energy to the sperm for maintaining motility after ejaculation.

The depletion of seminal vesicle and testicular fructose in rats administered with papaya pulp

extract and seed from seeded fruits invariably affects the sperm motility and viability since fructose

serve as the driving energy of the sperms which are androgen dependent. The reduction is proportional

to the circulating levels of testosterone. Similarly decrease in sperm qualities points to reduction in the

circulating androgen level. This could also be an indication in the decreased levels of sperms in the

epididymal region.

The quality and quantity of the sperm is altered by the Carica papaya fruit extract and seed

which in turn may affect reproductive potential. This can be attributed to the antiandrogenic property

of the extract. Fructose content showed a considerable decline in testis and seminal vesicle of both

experimental groups.




STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF NAPHTHALENE BALLS ON BIOCHEMICAL AND

HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN COCONUT PEST RHINOCEROS BEETLE

(ORYCTES RHINOCEROS)

Seetu. K and N. Subramanian*

PG and Research Department of Zoology, Aringar Anna Govt. Arts Collage, Cheyyar-604407,

Abstract

To understand the effect of Naphthalene balls on coconut pest Rhinoceros beetle was selected.

The biochemical parameters like Protein, Glucose and Glycogen on Brain and Muscle of both control

and Naphthalene balls exposed Rhinoceros beetle have been carried out. The beetles were divided into

two groups, one is control group (N=6). Another one is Experimental groups (N=6). The experimental

group beetles were exposed with Naphthalene balls (l ball/beetle). After 96 hours of exposure the

beetles in experimental group were totally dead. The beetle in the control group untreated with any

chemical, were showed healthy. After 96 hours of exposure the beetles from both control and

experimental group were dissected out for the analysis of biochemical and histological studies. The

concentration of protein in Brain and Muscle of control group of beetle showed 11.52±0.3µg/mg in

brain, 26.26±0.1µg/mg in muscle. But the protein concentration in brain and muscle of experimental

group of beetle treated with Naphthalene balls showed decreased level 9.23±0.3 (p<0.05) µg/mg in

brain and 12.52±0.1 (p<0.05) µg/mg in the muscle. The concentration of Glucose in brain and muscle

of control group of beetle showed 1.354±0.8 µg/mg in the brain and 0.924±0.1 µg/mg in the muscle.

Where as in the experimental group the Glucose concentration was reduced 0.812±0.7 (p<0.05) µg/mg

in the brain and 0.312±0.1 (p<0.05) µg/mg in muscle, were noticed. (p<0.05) statistically Significant.

The concentration of glycogen in the brain of control group showed much higher level 2.866±0.9

µg/mg and muscle showed 1.473±0.1 µg/mg. But in the case of Experimental group the glucose

content was lesser when compared to control group 1.256 ±0.8 µg/mg in Brain and 0.711±0.1 µg/mg in

muscle. The brain of control group of beetle showed normal histology outer nerve fibers inner granular

layers and neural bundles were arranged uniformly, in the case of experimental group of beetle treated

with Naphthalene balls showed broken of neural bundles, scaterly arranged glial cells and disturbance

of glandular layers were seen. On the other hand the muscle of control group beetle showed uniformly

arranged dark and light bands with connective tissue. The sarcoplasm and sarcolemma are clearly

arranged, but in the case of experimental group of beetle the muscle showed broken of dark and light

bands, unevenly arranged sarcolemma of sarcoplasm. This may be due to exposure of naphthalene

balls.

Key Words: Rhinoceros beetle, Naphthalene balls, Protein, Glucose, Glycogen, sarcoplasm.




STUDY ON INTESTINAL PARASITES OF MADRAS RED SHEEP IN AND AROUND

KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT

Sangeetha. M and N. Subramanian*

PG&Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar,

Thiruvannamalai District

Abstract

Study on intestinal parasites of Madras red Sheep in and around Kancheepuram district was

carried out for six months from March 2014 to August 2014. Parasitoloical examination of dung samples

revealed the eggs of Amphistomes, Moniezia sp, Strongyle, Strongyloides, Trichuris sp. and Eimeria sp.

The overall prevalence of parasitic eggs and oocysts was 72 per cent. Of this overall prevalence of 72.0%,

36.0% was infected by nematodes, 26.0% by trematodes, 16% by protozoan parasite (Eimeria sp.) and

8.0% by cestodes. The most common gastrointestinal nematodes observed in this study was the strongyle

group (32.0%) compared to Strongyloides (12.0%) and Trichuris sp. (4.0%). Among the age groups

(Young and Adult), younger animals (<12 months) had higher infection of nematodes (20.0%) and

Eimeria sp. (14.0%) while adult sheep (>12 months) had higher infection trematodes (14.0%). Among

sex, male sheep had higher infection of nematodes (22.0%), tremaotode (12.0%) and Eimeria sp.

(12.0%) while female goats had higher infection of cestodes (6.0%). Among the season (summer and

monsoon), sheep had heavier infection of trematodes only during summer months (26.0%) whereas

sheep had heavy infection of nematodes (26.0%), Eimeria sp (10.0%) and cestodes (6.0%) during

monsoon months.

The worms collected from the rumen and duodenum was identfied as Paramphistomes viz.,

Cotylophoron cotylophorum, Fishoederius elongatus, F.cobboldi and Gastrothylax crumenifer. The worms

collected from abomasum were Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei and Bunostomum

trigonocephalum (Nematodes). The worms collected from intestines was identified as Moniezia expansa

(Tapeworm) and the caecum was Oeophagostomum columbiunum and Trichuris ovis. Single infection of

tematode (paramphistomes) and nematode had highest prevalence of 11 (22.00) and 8 (16.00%)

respectively while tapeworm had the lowest with 1 (4.0%). Among the age groups (Young and Adult) ,

younger animals (<12 months ) had higher infection of trematode (32.0%) , cestode ( 18.0% ) and

nematodes (26.0%) than the adult sheep. All the slaughtered sheep were males. Among the season

(summer and monsoon), sheep had heavier infection of trematodes worms during summer months

(52.0%) whereas sheep had heavy infection of cestode worms (16.0%) and nematodes worms (26.0%)

during monsoon months.

Key words: Sheep, Madras Red sheep, intestinal parasites, Kancheepuram district




STUDY OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS IN DRINKING WATER SAMPLES

COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT AREAS IN AND AROUND CHEYYAR TALUK,


Muthu. M and N. Subramanian*

PG&Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar,

Abstract

Water is the major constituent of all living things and needed by them for various purposes.

The drinking water samples were collected from ten different areas. Periya Koil Bore well (A), Periya

Koil Pond (B), Kil pudhupakkam Bore well (C), Thiruvathipuram River (D), Valarpuram Bore well

(E), Perunkalathur samathuvapuram Bore well (F), Perunkalathur Bore well (G), Vanniyanthangal

open well (H), Thumbai open well (I) and Mangalam Bore well (J) of Cheyyar Taluk, Thiruvannamalai

District.The Physical (Appearance, Color,Odour, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids and Electrical

Conductivity), Chemical (pH, O2, CO2, Salinity, Hardness, Calcium, Mangnesium, Sodium,

Potasssium, Iron, Manganese, Free Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate, chloride, Fluoride, Sulphate, Phosphate

and Tidys Test) and Biological parameters of all water samples were analyzed. All the water samples

(except sample B), A to J were normal and clear appearance. The sample B showed greenish in

appearance. The Colour and Odour of all water samples (except sample B) A to J showed Colourless,

and Odourless. But the sample B showed greenish in Colour and algal Odour. The Turbidity of sample

B showed 52 NT/Units which was beyond the permissible limit (1 to 5 NT/Units). The Total Dissolved

Solids of all water samples were showed within the permissible limit. The normal range of TDS is 500

to 2000 mg/L. The sample A showed 546 mg/L, B showed 146 mg/L, C showed 510 mg/L, D showed

688 mg/L, E showed 716 mg/L, F showed 826 mg/L, G showed 386 mg/L, H showed 752 mg/L, I

showed 672 mg/L and J showed 576 mg/L. The Electrical Conductivity of all water samples were

normal range and not exceeding the permissible limit. The sample B showed algal present and high

level of Turbidity (52 NT/Units).

All the Chemical parameters except iron concentration were within the permissible limit.O2,

CO2 and salinity of all water samples showed normal range. (0.41 ml of O2 /l, 1.78 ml of CO2/l, and

0.32 ppm). The pH of all water samples showed from 7.2 to 8.09. The Alkalinity of all water samples

showed within the normal limit. The minimum of 36 mg/L in sample B and maximum of 380 mg/L in

sample F were observed. The amounts of Hardness present in all the water samples were within the

normal level. (36 mg/L to 336 mg/L). Calcium and Magnesium in all the water samples were within the

normal level, but in sample B very low level of Calcium and Magnesium were observed (8 and 4

mg/L). Regarding Iron concentration, except sample B all the water samples showed absence of iron

concentration. But sample B showed much higher level of (1.30 mg/L) iron concentration which was

exceeded the permissible limit (0.3 mg/L). Manganese, Free Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate, Chloride,

Fluoride, Sulphate and Phosphate of all water samples (A to J) were showed very little amount in some

sample they were totally absent. All the water samples except sample B are chemically potable but

chlorination is necessary before the water is used for drinking purpose.

Key words:Drinking water, Physical, chemical and biological parameter, Thiruvannamalai district




PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF

“ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS” LEAF EXTRACT

A.Tamizhselvi

Department of Biochemistry & Bioinformatics Indo-American College, Cheyyar

Abstract

The present study was aimed to investigate the preliminary Phytochemical screening of the

leaves of Abelmoschus esculentus belonging to family malvaceae. The dried leaves of the plant were

subjected to aqucous, acetone and ethanol successive extraction. All the extracts were subjected to

qualitative phytochemical screening and it showed the presence of active constituents such as alkaline,

flavonoids, phenol and terpenoids. Quantitative determination of carbohydrates was done by ortho-

toludine (OT) method, where as total protein was determined by lowry’s method were determined by

the colorimetric method. Antibacterial activity of leaf extract were tested against E.coli, pseudomionas

aeruginosa kubsiella pneumonia, staphylococcus aureus using standard disk diffusion method and also

anti fungal activity of leaf extract against aspergillus nigar, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigates,

aspergillus mucor. It’s confirmed that leaf extract is capable of endering high antimicrobial efficiency

and hence as a great potential application as antimicrobial agent.

Key words:Abelmoschus, Phytochemical, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, aqueous extract,

ethanol extract, acetone extract.




BREAST CANCER AND ITS ADVANCEMENT IN TREATMENT

M.Bhuvaneshwari

Department of Biochemistry & Bioinformatics, Indo-American College, Cheyyar

Abstract

At least one in nine women develops breast cancer at some stage in their life. About 48,000

cases occur in the United Kingdom every year. Mostly develops in women over the age of 50 but

younger women are also sometimes affected. Breast cancer can also develop in men, but this is rare.

Breast cancer develops from a cancerous cell which develops in the lining of a mammary duct or a

lobule in one of the breasts. It follows the classic progression though it often becomes systemic or

widespread in the early onset of the disease. During this period, the cancer may metastasize, or spread

through lymphatics or blood stream to areas elsewhere in the body. If breast cancer spreads to vital

organs of the body, its presence will compromise the function of those organs. Fatal death is the result

of extreme case of vital organ function.




THE EFFECT OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE (AD) AND IT’S TREATMENTS

Nandhagopalan. S, U.Aravind Kumar and R.Elumalai

Department of Biochemistry, Indo American College, Cheyyar.

Abstract

Alzheimers Disease (AD) Is a slowly progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by

impairment of memory and eventually by disturbances in reasoning, planning, language and

perception. Many scientists believe that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) results from and increase in the

production or accumulation of a specific protein (beta–amyloidal protein) in the brain that leads to

nerve cell death. In 2006, there were 26.6 million sufferers worldwide. Alzheimer’s is predicted to

affect 1 in 85 peoples globally by2015.Advanced medical imaging with computed tomography (CT) or

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),and with single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT)or

positron emission tomography (PET)can be used to help exclude other cerebral pathology or subtypes

dementia. The diagnosis can be confirmed with very high accuracy post –mortem when brain material

is available and can be examined histologically .Plaques are made up of small peptides 39 -43 amino

acids in length,called beta –amyloidal (also written as A –beta or Aβ).Beta –amyloid is a fragment

from larger protein called amyloid precursor protein (APP),a tranmembrane that penetrates through the

neurons membrane. A protein called tau stabilizes the microtubules when phosphorylated,and is

therefore called a microtubule –associated protein. Apolipoprotein E (APOE)found on chromosomes

19 appears to be a predisposing genetic risk factor for the late on set of AD the most typical AD. APOE

helps carry cholesterol in the blood stream APOE comes in several different forms , or allels .three

forms –APOE Ɛ2 ,APOE Ɛ3 and APOE Ɛ4 occur most frequently .cholinesterase inhibitors most

commonly prescribed for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease include Aricept (donezepil HCL ),

Exelon (reivastigmine ),and Razadyne (galantamine).One of the most widely used drugs to treat the

symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease . Aricept is FDA –Approved for mild, moderate, and severe stages of

the disease .

Keywords:: Alzheimers disease, beta –amaloid protein, CT, MRI, SPECT,PET, APP, APOE, DONEZEPIL.




IN VITRO STUDY OF PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTICOAGULANT ACTIVITY

OF AERVA LANATA (L) LEAF EXTRATS

Rajesh. S and K. Prabu*

Department of Biochemistry & Bioinformatics,Indo-American College, Cheyyar Abstract

The present study deals with the phytochemical examination and anticoagulant activity of

Aerva lanta leaf extracts (ethanol, aqueos and choloroform) on fresh human blood. All the extracts

were found sufficient anticoagulant activity. Cardiovascular disease involving, storkes, hart attacks.and

hypertension are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in world countries. Some plant extracts

have the aticoagulant activity for treatment these problems. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the

ethanol, aqueousand choloroform extracts prepared from Aerva lanata leaf extract revealed the

presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones,catechins,oumarins,flavonoids,phenols, quinones, saponins,

steroid glycosides, tannins and xanthoproteins. The current study was carried out to provide requisite

phytochemical detail and anticoagulant activity in different extract of Aerva lanata.

Key words: anti-coagulant activity, aerva lanata.bllod coagulation,human plasma.




GENOME AND PROTEOME ANALYSIS OF BACE1 FOR ALZHEIMER DISEASE

Gopinath. G*, A.lokeshkumar, and E. Subha


Abstract

Genomic and proteomics analysis of BACE1 for Alzheimer disease using Bioinformatics

Tools. The gene for BACE1 of Human Gi 46255014 was retrieved from gen bank, ORF, Exons ,

Promoter ,TF binding site ,splice site, frame shift error, Start codon ,Motif and BLAST was done

structure of Bace1 probe was download in PDB and visualize under SPDB viewer. Alzheimer's disease

(AD) is a degenerative disease of the brain from which there is no recovery. The disease slowly attacks

nerve cells in all parts of the cortex of the brain and some surrounding structures, thereby impairing a

person's abilities to govern emotions, recognize errors and patterns, coordinate movement, and

remember. Ultimately, a person with AD loses all memory and mental functioning.

Keywords:BACE1, Alzheimer disease, ORF, Exons , Promoter, TF binding site ,Splice site, Motif

,BLAST.




THE EFFECT OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHROMATUS (SLE) DISEASE

Nandhagopal. S,R. Kayalvizhi and I. Nirmaladevi


Abstract

Systemic lupus erythromatus, often abbreviated as SLE or lupus, is a systemic

autoimmune disease (or autoimmune connective tissue disease) in which the body`s immune

system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. SLE most often harms the heart, joints, skin, lungs,

blood vessels, liver, kidneys, and nervous system. Global rates of disease varies from 20 to70 per

100,000.The disease is sex-related occuring nine times more often in women than in men,

especially in women of child-bearing years (ages 15 to 35) . This Lupus Foundation of America

estimates more than 90 percent of those affected will experience joint and /or muscle pain at some

time during the course of their illness. The rash occur in 30to60% of people. A person with SLE

may have inflammation of various parts of the heart, such as inflammation of fibrous sac

surrounding the heart, heart muscle, and inner lining of the heart. Lung and pleura inflammation

can cause pleuritis, pleural effusion, lupus pneumonitis, chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease,

pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary emboli, pulmonary hemorrhage, and shrinking lung

syndrome. Several techniques are used to detect ANAs. In addition, SLE can flare up during

pregnancy, and proper treatment can maintain the health of the mother longer. Women pregnant

and known have anti-Ro (SSA)or anti-La antibodies (SSB) often have echocardiograms during

the 16th and 30th weeks of pregnancy to monitor the health of the heart and surrounding

vasculature. Contraception and other reliable forms of pregnancy preventon is routinely advised

for women with SLE, since getting pregnant during active disease was found to be harmful.




SYNTHESIS, CHARECTERISATION, AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF

SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM CARICA PAPAYA LINN. LATEX

Kanchana. A, K.Sindhu and B. Sarathkumar


Abstract

Discoveries in the past decade have clearly demonstrated that the electromagnetic, optical and

catalytic properties of silver nanoparticles are strongly influenced by shape, size and size distribution,

which are often varied by varying the synthetic methods, reducing agents and stabilizers. This study is

the first report of one-step solvent-free synthesis of AgNPs using caricapapya plant latex. Among

evaluated the latex, showed high potential to produce physicochemically distinct, small-sized and

bactericidal AgNPs. Phytochemical screening showed presence of rich amount of biochemicals in these

plants. The SEM analysis showed uniformly dispersed comparatively small-sized AgNPs. Zone of

inhibition of bacterial pathogens Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, protease vulgaris, and

klebsella pneumonia was observed for carica papaya latex-synthesized AgNPs with values 30, 40, 70,

60, and 60 ppm, respectively, after 24 h. Possible mode of action of AgNPs against pathogens was

confirmed by analyzing enzymes and cell leakage. The synthesis of well-dispersed and ultrafine metal

nanoparticles has great interest due to their distinctive physicochemical properties and biomedical

applications.




EFFECTS OF NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA A.JUSS: MELIACEAE) LEAF AND

SEED KERNEL EXTRACTS ON THE HAIRY LEAF CATERPILLAR (EUPTEROTE

MOLLIFERA WALK - BOMBYCIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA) INSECT PEST OF MORINGA

TREE (MORINGA OLEIFERA. LAM., 1785: MORINGACEAE)

1Kannan.M,,2 M. Jamal Mohammed,* and 3G. Balasubramanian

1,3PG & Research Department of Zoology,Aringar Anna Govt Arts Collage Cheyyar,

2C. Abdul Hakeem College, PG and Research Department of Zoology, Melvisharam.

Abstract

Moringa Oleifera as a drumstick tree is a small fast growing evergreen or deciduous tree that

usually grows upto 10 or 12m in height. It has been known to us for a very long time for its nutritional

and medicinal value. This tree is susceptible to several insect pests and diseases. The common pest of

Eupterote mollifera treated with neem leaf water extract and neem seed kernel extract. Fresh leaves

and seeds of Azadirachta indica (Neem) were collected from the field and shade for 3-4 days and then

powdered leaf and seed powder was used for the preparation of 5.0% stock solution. The following

concentration was prepared by experiment on 3.75%, 2.5%, 1.25%, 0.625%, 0.5%, and 0.25% against

E. mollifera. After treatment, the caterpillars activities of feeding, body weight loss and gain results

were observed and discussed.

Key words: Moringa oleifera, Neem leaf, Neem seed kernel, Eupterote mollifera.




EFFECT OF NEEM ON THE HISTOLOGY OF FISH

OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS

Arumugam. S, N. Ramadass and S. Durairaj



Cheyyar – 604 407.

Abstract

The global increasing problem of pollution since last few decades has put tremendous pressure

on aquatic environment. Fish, one of the aquatic inhabitants, are good bio-indicators of water

pollution. Among various types of pollution, pesticide pollution is a common phenomenon. The

pesticides are non-biodegradable and accumulate in the food chain. Mostly they are prone to affect the

nervous system causing tumors in living organisms. Now a days Neem oil, considered as biopesticide,

has been used in many countries for crop protections. The continuous use of these pesticides resulted

in the contamination of aquatic bodies and affecting severely to the non-target organisms. The widely

used commercial neem product is used to understand the effect by studying the histology of various

tissues of fish. The experiments were conducted on different concentrations such as 0.3ml/l, 0.4ml/l,

0.41ml/l, 0.43ml/l and 0.5ml/l for 96hrs; then fishes were dissected and removed the tissues such as

brain, gills, muscles and liver for the study of histopathology. The present paper deals with the

histopathological alterations of various tissues of fish.

Key words: fish Oreochromis mossambicus, neem, histopathology




MORPHOLOGY AND SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEEPSEA FISH

GLOWBELLYACROPOMA JAPONICUM (GUNTHER, 1859) RECORDED FROM THE

INDIAN WATERS

Babu. M* and A. Siva

PG & Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar

*[email protected]

Abstract

Acropoma japonicum belongs to the family Acropomatidae (Glowbelly / Lanternbellies) and

popularly known to occur in deeper waters. Its record in the east coast and west coast of India was

studied for its morphometric, meristic, length & weight and also some biological aspects. The

meristic analyses indicated that the high degree of correlation between total length and each of

other body measurement. Morphometric counts and length frequency studies was found useful in

characterizing its population. No significant difference could be observed in the mean values from

a set of observations which is normally distributed from East Coast while comparing with the

distribution of a single cohort of the species caught at west coast of India. In the present study, an

attempt has been made to define identification characteristics and characterizing its population by

studying its morphometric, meristic and size distribution. The morphometric relationships revealed

that in respect of total length, the fork length grows faster (b=0.87) than standard length (b=0.81),

whereas, body depth grows faster (b=0.27) than head length (b=0.22) and length of Ist dorsal fin

grows faster (b=0.13) than IInd dorsal fin (b=0.11), in respect of head length as independent

character (X), revealed that the pre-dorsal length grows faster (b=0.48) than the inter-orbital length

(b=0.27) and the eye diameter (b=0.31). The females were found dominate the males in all the size

groups, with an aggregate sex ratio 1.3:1. The length-weight relationship for males, females and

pooled was found to be W=0.0302 L 2.603, W=0.0661 L 2.2485, and W=0.052 L 2.3522

respectively. The coefficient of determination for male, female and combined found to be 0.7163,

0.7227 and 0.7747 respectively, indicating that only 72%, 72% and 77% of variation in weight is

explained by the total length in respect of male, female and combined. The species found to be

mainly feeding upon the items like juvenile of the shrimps and occasionally on detritus. As there is

no more information available on the abundance, maturation and spawning of the species from

Indian waters the need of the hour is to workout resource specific stock assessment and its

utilization for the future as more fishing pressure prevails up to 100m depth and also the future

fisheries only towards deep sea resources.

Key words : Glowbelly/Lantern fish, Length Weight, morphometric relationship, Indian waters.




ANTIFERTILITY EFFECT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS

Nathiya. S* and K. Devi

Department of Zoology,

Dhanabagyam Krishnaswamy Mudaliar College for Women (Autonomous),

Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore- 632 002.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Medicinal plants are important elements of indigenous medical system in India as

well as in other countries. Nowadays, the use of traditional medicines has received

considerable interest for antifertility activity and a large number of plants have been screened

for drug development. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set up a Task Force on

Plant Research for fertility regulation with an objective to find new orally active non-steroidal

contraceptive compounds. The antifertility effects of medicinal plants are due to the presence

of active ingredients such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides and fatty acids. The

secondary metabolites are extracted by using the polar and non-polar solvents like water,

ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether, benzene and chloroform. The plants screened for the

antifertility activites are Abrus precatorius, Trichosanthes cucumerina, Carrica papaya,

Acalypha indica, Azadirachta indica, Melia azadarach, Piper betle, Aegle marmaelos,Cassia

fistula, Mentha arvensis.The present study reveals the antifertility effect of medicinal plants,

which may be useful for future practices.

Keywords: antifertility, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides




A REVIEW ON BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITES OFNIGELLA SATIVA

Shaista Jabeen. N and K.Devi

Dhanabagyam Krishna Swamy Mudaliar College for Women (Autonomous)

Sainathapuram, Vellore-632001

Corresponding Author :[email protected]

Abstract

The usage of herbs to treat different ailments is universal, and exists on every human culture

on earth. Different medicinal plants are available in our surroundings. Among them one such plants is

Nigella sativa belongs to the family Ranunculaceae, known as black seed or black cumin, possesses a

wide range of pharmacological activities, including, carminative, Antidiabetic, stimulant, analgesic,

antipyretic and anti-inflammatory and diuretic N. sativa oil (NSO) is a complex mixture that includes

fatty acids, vitamins, pigments, and volatile components generated during many degenerative diseases.

By HPLC analysis of N. sativa oil, thymoquinone (TQ), dithymoquinone (DTQ), thymohydroquinone,

and thymol are considered the main active constituent which have antioxidant activities scavenging

oxygen free radicals.Thymol, one of the constituents of Nigella seeds, exhibited hepatoprotective effect

in rodents.The thymoquinone improved the anti–tumor activity in rats and mice most probably through

its antioxidant action and killed cancer cells by process that involved apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.

The present review clearly illustrates the massive clinical and therapeutic potentials of N.sativa.

Key Words:N.sativa seeds, anti-tumor, thymoquinone, thymol, HPLC, anti-diabetic,




A REVIEW ON TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES FOR

TREATMENT OF HEPATIC DISEASES

Jagapriya. L and K. Devi

Dhanabagyam Krishna Swamy Mudaliar College for Women (Autonomous)

Vellore-632001

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract

Ayurveda and Siddha medicines are “Life – Knowledge” in India. The research in the Natural

products from medicinal plants obtained either as pure compounds or Standardized extracts, provide

unlimited bioactive compounds, seeking therapeutic drugs. Hepatic diseases are major worldwide

health problem, which frequently found in developing countries. They are mainly caused by uses of

high doses of chemicals and some drugs. There is no effective drug available that stimulates the liver

function, offer protection to the liver from damage or help to regenerate hepatic cells. Therefore, there

is an urgent need, for effective drugs to replace the chemical drugs. Medicinal herbs are a significant

source of pharmaceutical drugs. The present work is focused to find out the compounds from the

medicinal plants such asAndrographic paniculata, Chamomile capitula, Silybum marianum, Coccinia

grandis, Flacourtia indica, Wedelia calendulacea, Annona squamosa, Prostechea michuacana, Ficus

carica, Lepidiumsativum, Sargassum polycystum, Solanum nigrum, swertia chirata, Phyllanthus

emblica, Curcuma longa, Picrorhiza kurroa, Azadirachta indica, Aegle marmelos, Cassia roxburghii,

Orthosiphon stamineus, Jatropha curcas, Foeniculum vulgare, Trigonellafoenum graecum,Eclipta

alba, Garcinia mangostanaamong these selected medicinal plants the syzygium cumini showed more

hepatoprotective activity.

Key Words: Bio active compounds, syzygium cumini, Hepato-protective activity.




STUDIES ON HAEMOCYTE TYPES AND TOTAL AND

DIFFERNTIAL COUNTS IN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS

(WSSV) INFECTED AND NORMAL FRESHWATER RICE

FIELD CRAB Paratelphusa pulvinata (Herbst)

Anbarasan .E and G. Balasubramanian*

P.G and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt.Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407

Abstract

The hematological changes between healthy and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infected

freshwater Rice-filed crab (Paratelphusa Pulvinata) were examined. The cumulative percent

mortalities of freshwater crabs (P. pulvinata) showed that they were highly susceptible to WSSV, like

marine shrimp. WSSV caused 100% mortality in P. Pulvinata, at 60 h after intramuscular injection of

viral inoculum. The infection of WSSV was further confirmed by PCR analysis on moribund crabs

revealed a distinct band of amplified DNA of 211 bp after electrophoresis of the PCR product, and no

band was observed in the control group. The band was observed for extracts from haemolymph gills,

hearts, muscle, hepatopancreas or muscle tissue of moribund crabs. Significant reductions in total

haemocyte counts and contents were observed in WSSV-infected shrimp; no significant changes in

healthy crabs. Significant changes in differential hemocyte counts (DHC) were observed in WSSV-

infected crab, but a no significant changes were found in different hemocyte count in healthy crab.

WSSV-infected crab the Differential haemocyte Granulocytes (GC) and Semigranulocytes (SGC)

gradually increased but hyalinocytes cells (HC) gradually decreased.

Key words:Paratelphusa pulvinata ,white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), PCR, Differential hemocyte

counts (DHC)




STUDIES ON THE EXPERIMENTAL INFECTIVITY OF MACROBRACHIUM

ROSENBERGII NODAVIRUS (MRNV) AND EXTRA SMALL VIRUS (XSV) IN

FRESHWATER RICE-FILED CRAB PARATELPHUSA PULVINATA (HERBST)

Arulvizhi. R and G. Balasubramanian*

P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407.

Abstract

The experimental infectivitychanges between healthy and M. rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV)

and extra small virus (XSV) infected freshwater Rice-filed crab (Paratelphusa pulvinata) were

examined. MrNV and XSV failed to cause mortality in the species of freshwater crab (P.pulvinata)

after intramuscular injection of viral inoculum after 9 d post infection. The infection of MrNV and

XSV was further confirmed by RT- PCR analysis on crabs revealed a distinct band of amplified DNA

of 425 bp for MrNV and 546 bp for XSV of the RT-PCR product, and no band was observed in the

control group. The band was observed for extracts from gill tissue, heart muscle, eye stalk,

hepatopancreas and muscle) and haemolymphafter intramuscular injection of viral inoculum after 9 d

post infection crabs.

Key words: Paratelphusa pulvinata, Macrobrachium rosenbergiinodavirus,MrNV and XSV.




STUDIES ON BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRSUS (WSSV)

INFECTED FRESHWATER RICE FIELD CRAB Paratelphusa pulvinata (Herbst)

Gurumurthy. R and G.Balasubramanian*

P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407

Abstract

The biochemical changes between healthy and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infected

freshwater Rice-filed crab (Paratelphusa pulvinata) were examined. The cumulative percent


marine shrimp WSSV caused 100% mortality in P. pulvinata, at 60 h after intramuscular injection of



band was observed in the control group.Total carbohydrate, glucose, total protein, amino acids and

fatty acids were measured in healthy crabs and WSSV-infected crab. There was a significant increase

in glucose and total carbohydrate levels in the hemolymph of WSSV- infected crabs in comparison to

values for healthy crabs. The average total protein and free amino acids were significantly increased in

hemolymph of WSSV infected crabs in comparison to values for healthy crabs. The fatty acid level

decreased in hemolymph of WSSV infected crabs in comparison to values for healthy crabs.

Key words: Paratelphusa pulvinata, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), PCR, Biochemical analysis.




HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON WHITE SPOTSYNDROME

VIRUS (WSSV) INFECTED FRESHWATER RICE-FIELDCRAB

(Paratelphusa hydrodomous) (Herbst)

Karthikeyan. N and G.Balasubramanian*


Abstract

The histopathological observations changes between healthy and white spot syndrome virus

(WSSV) infected freshwater Rice-filed crab (Paratelphusa hydrodomous) were examined. The

cumulative percent mortalities of freshwater crabs (P.hydrodomous) showed that they were highly

susceptible to WSSV, like marine shrimp WSSV caused 100% mortality in P. hydrodomous, at 84 h

after intramuscular injection of viral inoculum. The infection of WSSV was further confirmed by PCR

analysis on moribund crabs revealed a distinct band of amplified DNA of 211 bp after electrophoresis

of the PCR product, and no band was observed in the control group. The band was observed for

extracts from hemolymph, gills, hearts, muscle, hepatopancreas, and gut tissue of moribund crabs.

Histopathological observations revealed the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies in organs such as

eye stalk, head tissue, gill tissue, tail muscle and hepatopancreas of moribund crabs.

Key words: Paratelphusa hydrodomous, WSSV, PCR, Histology.




STUDIES ON HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGE IN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS (WSSV)

INFECTED FRESHWATERRICE-FILED CRAB Paratelphusa hydrodomous (Herbst)

Kanniyammal. S and G.Balasubramanian*

P.G.and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407 Abstract


freshwater Rice-filed crab (Paratelphusa hydrodomous) were examined. The cumulative percent

mortalities of freshwater crabs (P. hydrodomous) showed that they were highly susceptible to WSSV,

like marine shrimp WSSV caused 100% mortality in P. hydrodomous, at 84 h after intramuscular

injection of viral inoculum. The infection of WSSV was further confirmed by PCR analysis on

moribund crabs revealed a distinct band of amplified DNA of 211 bp after electrophoresis of the PCR

product, and no band was observed in the control group. The band was observed for extracts from

hemolymph gills, hearts, muscle, hepatopancreas, or muscle tissue of moribund crabs Significant

reductions in total hemocyte counts and hemocyanin contents were observed in WSSV-infected shrimp;

no significant changes in healthy crabs. Clotting time of hemolymph was determined in different groups

of crabs and the results showed that the WSSV-injected crabs failed to clot. The hemolymph pH in

WSSV-infected crab increased when compared to healthy crab. The value of ammonia-N2.in WSSV-

infected crab increased when compared to healthy crab.

Key words: Paratelphusa hydrodomous, WSSV, PCR, Hematological analysis.




STUDIES ON BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRSUS (WSSV)

INFECTED FRESHWATER RICE FIELD CRAB Paratelphusa hydrodomous (Herbst)

Iyyappan. A and G.Balasubramanian*

P.G.and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407

Abstract

The biochemical changes between healthy and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infected

freshwater Rice-filed crab (Paratelphusa hydrodomous) were examined. The cumulative percent

mortalities of freshwater crabs (P. hydrodomous) showed that they were highly susceptible to WSSV,

like marine shrimp WSSV caused 100% mortality in P. hydrodomous, at 84 h after intramuscular



product, and no band was observed in the control group.Total carbohydrate, glucose, total protein,

amino acids and fatty acids were measured in healthy crabs and WSSV-infected crab. There was a

significant increase in glucose and total carbohydrate levels in the hemolymph of WSSV- infected

crabs in comparison to values for healthy crabs. The average total protein and free amino acids were

significantly increased in hemolymph of WSSV infected crabs in comparison to values for healthy

crabs. The fatty acid level decreased in hemolymph of WSSV infected crabs in comparison to values

for healthy crabs.

Key words: Paratelphusa hydrodomous, WSSV, PCR, Biochemical analysis.




STUDIES ON HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGE IN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS

(WSSV) INFECTED FRESHWATER RICE-FILED CRAB Paratelphusa pulvinata

(Herbst)

Dilliammal. P and G.Balasubramanian


Abstract


freshwater Rice-filed crab (Paratelphusa pulvinata) were examined. The cumulative percent


marine shrimp. WSSV caused 100% mortality in P. pulvinata, at 60 h after intramuscular injection of



band was observed in the control group. The band was observed for extracts from hemolymph gills,

hearts, muscle, hepatopancreas, or muscle tissue of moribund crabs. Significant reductions in total

hemocyte counts and hemocyanin contents were observed in WSSV-infected shrimp; no significant

changes in healthy crabs. Clotting time of hemolymph was determined in different groups of crabs and

the results showed that the WSSV-injected crabs failed to clot. The hemolymph pH in WSSV-infected

crab increased when compared to healthy crab. The value of ammonia-N2.in WSSV-infected crab

increased when compared to healthy crab.

Key words: Paratelphusa pulvinata, WSSV, PCR, Hematological analysis.




HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS (WSSV)

INFECTED FRESHWATER CRAB Paratelphusa pulvinata (Herbst)

Rajkumar. S and G.Balasubramanian*

P.G and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407

Abstract

The histopathological observations changes between heaithy and white spot syndrome virus

(WSSV) infected freshwater Rice-filed crab (Paratelphusa pulvinata) were examined .The cumulative

percent mortalities of freshwater crab (P. pulvinata ) showed that they were highly susceptible to

WSSV, like marine shrimp. WSSV caused 100% mortality in P. pulvinata, at 60 h after intramuscular



product, and no band was observed in the control group. The band was observed for extracts from

hemolymph gills, hearts, muscle, hepatopancreas, and gut tissue of moribund crabs. Histopathological

observations revealed the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies in organs such as eye stalk, head

tissue, gill tissue, tail muscle and hepatopancreas of moribund crabs.

Key words: Paratelphusa pulvinata, WSSV, PCR, Histology.




INVESTIGATION ON THE TRIDAX PROCUMBENS ON THE DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY

OF SILKWORM BOMBYX MORI L.

Ravisankar. K and G.Balasubramanian*

P.G and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt.Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407.

Abstract

The indigenous plants of this zone and it as supplementary diet to the silkworm Bombyx mori

L. yields substantial information on the digestive physiology.Seventeen number of indigenous plants of

Vellore zone have been screened for its supplementation of silkworm Bombyx mori L.The biochemical

parameter viz., Glycogen. Reducing sugar, protein and lipid were assessed in the digestive system. The

results were compared with control. The results clearly predicts that Tridax procumbens significantly

influence the assessed biochemical constituents.Attention was also paid on certain digestive enzymes

viz., protease, amylase and invertase.Due to the Tridax procumbers supplementation the assessed

enzyme activities were enhanced.

Key words: Bombyx mori L. Tridax procumbens biochemical parameter, Glycogen




STUDIES ON SCREENING OF SELECTED ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS

FROM SOUTH INDIA FOR LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY AGAINST THE FILARIAL VECTOR

CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS SAY (DIPTERIA: CULICIDAE)

Sumathi.S, A. Bagavan, G.Balasubramanian*

PG. and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407

Abstract

Laboratory tests were carried out on fourth instar larvae of malaria vector, Culex

quinquefasciatus to the efficacies of petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and aqueous leaf extracts of

Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) Schrad. (Cucurbitaceae), Datura metal Linn,(Solanaceae), Ficus

racemosa Linn. (Moraceae), Hyptis suaveolens (L.)Poit.(Lamiaceae),Sesbania grandiflora(L.) Poir

(Fabaceae) and Tagetes erecta L. (Asteraceae) were exposed to different concentrations. Some plant

extracts showed moderate, poor and nil mortality effect after 24 h of exposure.Bioassay test performed

the leaves petroleum ether acetone, methanol and water extracts of Citrullus colocynthis, Datura metal,

Ficus racemosa, Hyptis suaveolens, Sesbania grandiflora and Tagetes erecta tested against larvae of

Culex quinquefasciatus at 1,000 ppm. The present study showed that all extracts have moderate

larvicidal effects; however, the highest larval mortality was found in the leaf petroleum ether extract of

Hyptis suaveolens, tested against the fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus.In conclusion, an

attempt has been made to evaluate six plant extracts for larvicidal bioassay against the Culex

quinquefasciatus. The results reported here open the possibility of further investigations of the efficacy

on the larvicidal properties of natural product extract.

Key words: Culex quinquefasciatus, Plant extracts, larvicidal properties




ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN AND AROUND TANNERY INDUSTRY OF

ARCOT IN THE RIVER PALAR, VELLORE DISTRICT

Ravisankar. K and G. Balasubramanian*

P.G and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt.Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407.

Abstract

The various physico chemical parameters were analysed. The concentration of heavy

metals in the effluent of leather tanneries was analysed. Concentration of heavy metals, both in

water and sediment samples was analysed. The concentration of heavy metals like Ferrous and

Manganese were analysed. Ferrous and Manganese was highest in monsoon season.Concentration

of Ferrous and Manganese was more in water sample of near tannery than in away

tannery.Concentration of Ferrous and Manganese was more in sediment sample of near tannery

than in away tannery.

Key words: Physico chemical parameters, Heavy metals, Water, Ferrous and Manganese.




HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII

NODAVIRUS (MRNV) AND EXTRA SMALL VIRUS (XSV) IN FRESHWATER RICE-FILED

CRAB PARATELPHUSA PULVINATA (HERBST)

Vignesh. P and G.Balasubramanian*

P.G and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407

Abstract

The histopathological observations changes between heaithy and M. rosenbergii nodavirus

(MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV)infected freshwater Rice-filed crab(Paratelphusa pulvinata) were

examined.. MrNV and XSV failed to cause mortality in the species of freshwater crab (P.pulvinata)

after intramuscular injection of viral inoculum after 9 d post infection. The infection of MrNV and

XSV was further confirmed byRT- PCR analysis on crabs revealed a distinct band of amplified DNA

of 425 bp for MrNV and 546 bp for XSV of the RT-PCR product, and no band was observed in the

control group. The band was observed for extracts from gill tissue, heart muscle, eye stalk,

hepatopancreas muscle and haemolymphafter intramuscular injection of viral inoculum after 9 d post

infection crabs.The gill epithelial cells were edematous and nuclei were hypertrophied with basophilic

inclusions. The heart, the pericardium was thickened and highly vacuolated with hypertrophied nuclei.

The myocardium was edematous, and hypertrophied nuclei were observed in cardiac cells.The

Hypertrophied nuclei were observed in the abdominal muscle of infected crabs. No pathological

changes or hypertrophied nuclei were observed in the hepatopancreas of infected crabs. However, the

tubular epithelial cells of hepatopancreas were highly vacuolated.

Key words: Paratelphusa pulvinata, MrNV and XSV,Macrobrachium rosenbergiinodavirus.




STUDIES ON LARVICIDAL PROPERTIES OF NYCTANTHES ARBOR PLANT EXTRACTS

AGAINST THE FILARIAL VECTOR CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS

Divya. M, A. Bagavan, G.Balasubramanian*

P.G.and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407,

Abstract

Laboratory tests were carried out on fourth instar larvae of malaria vector,

Culexquinquefasciatusto the efficacies of Petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, and methanol and

water leaf extracts of N. arbour were exposed to different concentrations. Some plant extracts

showed moderate parasitic effects after 24 h of exposure. Bioassay test of Petroleum ether,

chloroform, acetone, methanol and water extracts of leaf and flower N. Arbour tested against larvae

of C. quinquefasciatusat 1,000 ppm. The present study showed that all extracts have moderate

larvicidal effects; however, the highest larval mortality was found in the leaf Petroleum ether and

flower water extracts of N. arbor, tested against the fourth instar larvae of C. Quinquefasciatus.

Key words: Culex quinquefasciatus, Plant extracts, larvicidal properties Nyctanthes arbor.




GC/MS ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES IN MORINGA OLEIFERA AND

THEIR MEDICINAL PROPERTY

Gokila Devi. T, A. Revathi, and L. R. Gopinath

Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha Educational Institutions,

Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamilnadu.

Abstract

Moringa oleifera is commonly called as drumstick and horse radish tree which belongs to the

subfamily of monogeneric and the family of Moringaceae. There are nearly 14 species in which M.

oleifera is native to sub-Himalayan tracts of Northern India. It ranges from tiny herbs to large trees

which grow up to 5-10m height. The leaves, Flowers and immature pods from theMoringa tree were

used as a nutritive vegetable in many parts of the. Many papers reported that the leaves of Moringa was

highly rich in Beta carotene, protein, vitamin C, Calcium, and potassium and it can also acts as an

effective source of natural antioxidants. Apart from being highly nutritive Moringa can also be treated

as an important medicinal plant for treating many prolonged diseases including cancer. More than 40

natural anti-oxidants with numerous other secondary metabolites of health importance are present in

Moringa species.

GCMS analysis of secondary metabolites in M. oleifera in the present study identified six

common compounds with methanol, ethanol and acetone as solvents Phytol, Vitamin E, Hexadecanoic

acid, 2,6,10- trimethyll, 14-ehtylene-14-pentadecne, Hexadecanoic acid, trimethylsily, 14-ehtylene-14-

pentadecne, Hexadecanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester and 3, 7, 11, 15-tetramethyl 2-hexadecen 1-o1.

Hexadecanoic acid and its derivatives constitute the major percentage of area in all the solvents. These

hxadecanoic acids are reported to have antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, hemolytic, anti-

inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, nematicide and antihypertensive activities.




SACRED GROVES IN AND AROUND KOLLI HILLS AT NAMAKKAL DISTRICT

Kumaresan N. and K. Ilango

Southern Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai - 600 028

Abstract

Ancient classical evidence sacred groves can be obtained long back as Kalidasa’s

Vikramuurvashiya. Sacred groves are one of the most valuable forest fragments of varying sizes, which

are usually, have a most significant a number of edible and medicinal plants are found in these groves

and its surroundings. The sacred groves are preserved by ancient Hindu religious people. (Gaddgil and

Vartak 1975) The local people and some of the NGO’s protecting this full area. Some local people

utilize these forests as collect flower, honey, fire wood especially medicinal plants etc. Traditionally

tribal community takes turns to protect the sacred grove (Somashekar, 1998). In India sacred groves

are sometime associated with temples or burial grounds. It may be loosely used to refer to other natural

habitat to protected residence of a religious community grounds Gadgil and Vartak (1975). There has

been a growing green plant such as Nakshatravana. Now a day we are called as Nadhavanam (Tamil).

Kolli Hills situated at Namakkal District, which is belongs to dense forest there are more peaks and

plan landscapes. There are more floral and faunal diversity; tribal peoples are cultivated crud method

of medicinal value plants. In the present study we analysis and validated the most important medicinal

plants.

Key Words: Kolli Hills, Namakkal District, Medicinal plants, traditional values.




ANALYSIS OF ANTIBIOTIC ACTIVITY OF RHIZOSPHERE SOIL BACTERIA FROM

SOLANUM NIGRUM AND AZADIRACHTA INDICA

Premalatha, K, Gayathri, P., Virgin Nisha, M., and Gopinath, L. R.

Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha Educational Instittuions,

Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamilnadu.

Abstract

The present study reveals on identification and microscopic examination of the Rhizosphere

soil bacteria. Gram staining was done as preliminary step for identification of the organism. For the

isolated organisms IMVIC, carbohydrate fermentation, catalase, oxidase, starch hydrolysis test were

done. And the isolated organism was confirmed by the 16S rRNA sequence. The isolated organism

were identified as Streptomyces genus and Bacillus genus. By the further investigation Streptomyces

was screened for the production of new antibiotics from the natural sources. The identifeid Bacillus sp.

had antagonistic activity against the plant pathogens. It also had the capacity of controlling the fungal

pathogens. And to study the antagonistic activity of the isolated species against the plant pathogens

different parameters were maintained. The Bacillus species also had the capability of produce amylase

for the industrial purposes. It was determined by the organism inoculated into the starch agar plates.

Amylase exoenzyme that hydrolyses (cleaves) starch, a polysaccharide(a molecule which consists of

eight or more monosaccharide molecules) into maltose a disaccharide (double sugars, i.e. composed of

two mono-saccharides such as glucose .The isolates B,C and D showed the most related genus that was

confirmed by the various biochemical tests. The antbiotic sensitivity was performed for the isolated

bacterial species. In that Bacillus subtilis was highly resistant. The sample A (Streptomyces) was most

sensitive to Gentamycin when compared to other antibiotics like kanamycin, streptomycin,

Erythromycin, Vancomycin, Tetracycline, Nalidixix acid, Nystatin and it showed highly resistant to

Nalidixic acid. The sample B (Bacillus subtilis) was most sensitive to the antibiotic Nystatin and

resistant to Gentamycin, vancomycin, Nalidixic acid. The sample D was most sensitive to

Erythromycin and Nalidixicacid and it resistant to Tetracycline.




ISOLTION AND IDENTIFICATION EFFECTIVE DIESEL DEGARADAING BACTERIA

Karthika. R, S. Nandhini and L.R. Gopinath

Vivekananda Educational Institutions, Elayampalayam Abstract

Among the various pollutants hydrocarbon has been one of the important pollutants in the

environment which results from increasing transportation facility. Diesel is one of the major

contribution of this hydrocarbon. The biochemical characterization of the bacterial isolates obtained

from the diesel polluted soil revealed that 12 of them were gram positive and 3 gram negative. Among

the 12 gram positive organism one of them were cocci showed positive to methyl red, catalase and

mannitol test identified as Staphylococcus aureus as per Cappuccino manual, seven of them were

methyl red negative, spore forming, starch caesin positive and VP positive identified as Bacillus

anthracis four of them were positive for catalase and urease and positive for mannitol identified as

Micrococcus. Among the gram negative organisms one rod species were positive to urease lactose and

methyl red, indole and positive for EMB agar and identified as E. coli. Two of them were positive to

starch and negative to indole, methyl red, VP and identified Pseudomonas.

The present study was able to steadily grow in different concentration of diesel increasing

value of absorbance shows growth of the organism which shows high level of significance of growth.

However, among the four species Pseudomonas and Micrococcus was able to grow well up to 4% of

diesel.




EFFECT OF DIMETHOATE AND Cipadessa baccifera ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT ON

Eudrilus eugeniae

Archaya, S,1Bhuvaneswari. R,2 and L.R.Gopinath3

1Department of Biotechnology, Selvam Educational Institutions, Namakkal 2Department of Zoology, Namakkal Kavignar Ramalingam Govt. Arts College for Women

Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India-637001. 3Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha Educational Institutions, Namakkal

Abstract

Pesticides that are applied in agriculture fields may affect the non-target soil organisms

including earthworms and significantly damage the ecosystem. Nowadays, insecticides are being used

extensively in the control of crop pests, therefore production and consumption of insecticides has

greatly increased in recent year’s causes ecological damage, soil and also induced serious health hazard

among workers during manufacture, formulation and field application. The popularity of the plant

products or phytoinsecticides has been increasing day by day because of their biodegradability, least

persistence and expected to be below the toxic level of non-target (earthworms) organisms, as well as

being economical and easily available. From the present study the use of Cipadessa baccifera plant

extract has higher survival rate of earthworm were the dimethoate used treatment has low survival rate

and high mortality percentage. The combined effect of plant extract and dimethoate has high survival

rate and less mortality percentage of earthworm in compared to the dimethoate alone used earthworm.

Therefore the use of chemical pesticides is toxic to the organisms present in the soil and it is also toxic

to the environment. The use of plant extracts has insecticide is not only non toxic but it also safe to our

environment and environment related organisms and easily degradable in the soil. Go green have safe

environment.




EFFECT OF QUINALOPHOS AND Cipasdessa baccifera ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT ON

SUCKERMOUTH CATFISH (Hypostomus plecostomus)

Bhuvaneswari. R1, Archaya. S2 and L. R.Gopinath 3

1Department of Zoology, Namakkal Kavignar Ramalingam Govt. Arts College for Women

Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India-637001. 2Department of Biotechnology, Selvam Educational Institutions, Namakkal

3Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha Educational Institutions, Namakkal

Abstract

Pesticides have been widely used all over the world to control insects, pests and disease

vectors. They ultimately find their way into aquatic habitats such as rivers, lakes and ponds, and have

been found to be highly toxic not only to fish but also to the organisms, which constitute the food

chain. The alternative method of protection from the chemical is using of plant based products to

protect our environment. From the present study, the low concentration of pesticide also causes high

mortality percentage and when the plant extract used even in higher concentration when fish exposed to

large number of days the percentage of mortality was less. The use plant extract not only acts as

insecticides, it is non toxic and easily degradable in the environment. The method of using the plant

extracts may be the future perspective to protect our aquatic system and environment.




ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF EFFECTIVE ORGANOPHOSPHATE

DEGRADING BACTERIAL SPECIES FROM ADATHODA VASICA RHIZOSPHERIC SOIL

Shyamala1, S. Y., Gopinath1, L. R., Archaya2, S. and Bhuvaneswari3, R.

1Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha Educational Instittuions, Tiruchengode,

Namakkal, Tamilnadu. 2Department of Biotechnology, Selvam College of Technology, Namakkal, Tamilnadu.

3Department of Zoology, NKR Government Arts College For Women, Namakkal, Tamilnadu.

Abstract

Persistence of organochlorine pesticides in the environmental components like soil water and

air enter into food chain cause variety of ailments to living organisms. In the present context excessive

use of pesticide leads genetic adaptation by pests and develops into resistant strain which further

compels diversifying the pesticide composition which becomes more toxic in the environment. Among

the organochloride pesticides Quinalphos is one of the pesticides which is widely used in agricultural

systems throughout the world as a result of which they persist in the soil, contaminate water, enter into

food chain and effect living organisms exposed to it. Therefore the present study is designed to identify

the effective quinalphos degrading bacterial strains from the A. vasica rhizosphere soil.

Eleven bacterial strains represents nine genera identified through morphological and

biochemical tests with the help of Bergys manual of bacteriological classification, where it represented

two gram positive rod with milky white colonies of Bacillus sp., Opaque colonies of Lactobacillus sp.,

cocci with smooth surfaced Micrococcus, two gram negative rod with bluish green opaque colonies of

Pseudomonas sp. purple colored colonies of Chromobacterium sp., irregular shaped and mucoid

colonies of Azotobacter sp., greenish opaque colonies of Vibrio sp. and other species include

Agrobacterium and Lactobacillus sp. Among the different identified bacterial species P. aeruginosa

found to be effective in quinalphos degradation the optimum temperature was 500C, the optimum pH

was 7 and the suitable carbon source Dextrose. Degradation of 75ppm of quinalphos was achieved at

8th day by all three bacterial species however; P. aeruginosa was the highest with more than 95%.




ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF CISSUS

QUADRANGULARIS L. AND ITS MEDICINAL PROPERTY

Sadhana, B. K.,1 Gopinath, L. R.1 and Archaya, S.2



Abstract

Cissus quadrangularis Linn.,is commonly known as pirandai in tamil and veldt grape, devil's

backbone, adamant creeper, asthisamharaka, hadjod. It is a succulent plant belonging to family

Vitaceae whichhas medicinal properties like attaining weight loss, metabolic syndrome, menopause,

libido, and menstrual disorders and in Ayurveda for complaints of back and spine. The extract from

Cissus quadrangularis was found to haveanalgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity. The

extract contains useful secondary metabolites like triterpenes, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, etc. Apart

from regular traditional use of this plant it was also found that the plant has biologically active

compounds with antimicrobial and anticancer property.




ALAYSIS OF MICROBIAL CONSORTIA FOR EFFECTIVE BIOGAS PRODUCTION

Deepa, N,1 Archaya. S2 and L. R. Gopinath3

1Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha Educational Instittuions, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamilnadu.

2Department of Biotechnology, Selvam College of Technology, Namakkal, Tamilnadu.

Abstract

Methane fermentation can be divided up into four phases hydrolysis, acidogenesis,

acetogenesis and methanogenesis. The degradation of organic matter is mediated by different consortia

of microorganisms in syntrophic interrelation. Hydrolytic bacteria hydrolyse the polymeric materials

into monomers such as glucose and amino acids through extracellular hydrolytic enzymes (cellulase,

xylanase, amylase, protease and lipase) in this process some facultative anaerobes like Streptococci and

Enterobacteriaceae also take part. Acidogenic bacteria convert the sugars and amino acids into carbon

dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia and other organic acids. Acetogenic bacteria convert the higher volatile

fatty acids into acetate and hydrogen by obligate hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria like

(Acetobacterium woodii and Clostridium acetium). However, hydrogen may be a limiting substrate for

methanogens. This is based on the fact that addition of hydrogen producing bacteria to the natural

biogas producing consortium increases the daily biogas production. At the end of degradation process

two groups of methanogenic bacteria produce methane from acetate or hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

These bacteria are strict anaerobes and require a lower redox potential for growth than most other

anaerobic bacteria e.g. Methanosarcina barkeri, Methanococcus mazei and Methanotrix soehngenii,

where all methanogenic bacteria are able to utilize hydrogen to form methane. Methanogenic and non

methanogenic microorganisms differ not only in terms of their nutritional and pH requirements, but

also with respect to their physiology, growth and nutrient uptake kinetics and in their particular ability

to withstand environmental changes. The composition of microbial consortium depends on various

factors such as substrate ingredients, temperature, pH, mixing or the geometry of the anaerobic

digester.




ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF EFFECTIVE ANTIBIOTIC

PRODUCING ACTINOMYCETES FROM RHIZOSPHERE SOIL OF Adhatoda vasica AND

Azadirachta indica

Gopinath. L.R1, A.V.R. Jananni,1 S. Archaya2 and R. Bhuvaneswari3



3Department of Zoology, NKR Government Arts College For Women, Namakkal, Tamilnadu

Abstract

Actinomycetes have the ability to produce a large variety of secondary metabolites, such as

vitamins, enzymes and antibiotics. Microorganisms belongs to Actinomycetes supports many

environmental applications, such as antibiotic productions, enzyme productions and polymer

hydrolysis, synthesis of chemicals, soil bioremediation, biocontrol of diseases, and decomposition of

organic matter. Actinomycetes isolated from the rhizosphere soil of medicinal plants produce

industrially important secondary metabolites. Different types of antibiotics are produced from

actinomycetes. The actinomycetes are also capable of degrading a wide range of hydrocarbons,

pesticides, and feather waste. Actinomycetes produce enzyme inhibitors useful for cancer treatment

and immune modifiers that enhance immune response. Actinomycetes strains with antagonist activity

helps in controlling of plant pathogens. From our study we isolated actinomycetes strains from

rhizosphere soil of medicinal plants Adathoda vasica and Azadirachta indica which has the high

potential of antagonist activity against the Bacillus subtilis in comparing to the other organisms used.

Thus the actinomycetes plays different role which has promising role in our future to protect from

many destructions.

The colony count of Actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil of A. vasica is lesser than the A.

indica. Among the twelve Actinomycetes strains identified from rhizosphre soils 5 were Actinomycetes

sp. (3 in A. vasica and 1 in A. indicia), 3 were Arthrobactor sp. (2 in A. vasica and 2 in A. indica), 2

Streptomycetes sp. in A. vasica and A. indica, 1 Actinobacterium sp. in A. indica and 1 Nocardipsis sp.

in A. indica. Six effective and with diverse antagonistic Actinomycetes strains were found to be 3

Actinomycetes sp. (2 in A. vasica and 1 A. indica rhizosphere soil), Streptomyces, Actinobacterium and

Nocardiopsis species of A. indica rhizosphere soil. Optimum temperature and pH for better growth of

Actinomycetes were found to be 30°C to 40°C and 7 to 8 respectively. The growth of Actinomycetes

species AVRSA1 strain under different carbon source showed better growth in D-mannitol, Cellulose,

and sucrose. Growth of Actinomycetes species under different culture media showed better growth in

Sucrose-nitrate and Malt extract. The 16s rRNA sequencing of actinomycetes AVRSA5 and AIRSA4

showed 925bp and 1197bpActinomycetes sp. and Actinobacterium sp.




BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF CONTROL AND FIRE WOOD ASH

(ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION WASTE) TREATED EXPERIMENTAL GROUP OF LOCAL

SPECIES OF EARTHWORM (LAMPITO MAURITII) IN CHEYYAR TALUK,


Murugan. Mand N. Subramanian*

PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt Arts College, Cheyyar

Abstract

To understand the effect of firewood ash on vital organs of locally available earthworm Lampito

mauritti was selected.The biochemical studies like protein, Lipid and Glycogen content in fore region,

middle region and hind region of both control and wood ash treated experimental group of earthworm

have been carried out.LC50 value was calculated before the experiment by the following method of

Saptami Moitra and Verma (1997).The earthworm are divided into two groups, one is control (N=50)

group another one is called experimental (N=50) group. The control group of earthworms was cultured

in native soil with cow dung. The experimental group of earthworm cultured in 1/10 of LC50 value

(50g/kg of soil) of firewood ash with native soil and cow dung. The experimental period was one

month (30 days).After 30 days of experiment earthworms from each group were collected and

dissected out for the analysis of biochemical and histological studies.After 30 days of experiment the

concentration of protein in the control group earthworm showed 11.4±0.22 µg/mg in fore region,

32.7±0.16 µg/mg in mid region and 12.6±0.10 µg/mg in hind region. But in the case of experimental

group the earthworm showed highly reduced level of protein that is 6.4±0.10 µg/mg in fore region,

15.5±0.12 µg/mg in middle region and 11.3±0.11 µg/mg in hind region.After 30 days of experiment the

Lipid content in both group showed variation. The glycogen content after 30 days of experiment. The

control earthworm showed 24.9±0.22 µg/mg in fore region, 19.7±0.10 µg/mg in middle region and

high amount of glycogen in hind region (29.5±0.28 µg/mg) were noticed. The experimental group of

earthworm showed highly decreased level of glycogen content when compared to control group.After

30 days of experiment the histological sections were analyzed. From the results the control group of

earthworm showed normal histology in all the three regions with outer layer, inner layer, gizzard,

internal organs, testis and seminal vesicle. But in the case of experimental group the earthworms

showed changes in the histological structure the outer and inner layers are disturbed. The internal

organs and gizzard are degenerated and they were disappeared. This may be due to electricity

production waste that is firewood ash treatment. The electricity production waste that is firewood ash

contain the large amount of chemical substance called potassium oxide this may enter in to the body

via food and alter the biochemical and also histological parameters

Key Words :Lampito mauritti, firewood ash, protein, glycogen, potassium oxide




THE ROLE OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION OF FLAXSEED, FENUGREEK AND

JAMUN SEED ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-

NICOTINAMIDE INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

S. Latha

Department of Physiology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry.

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitusis one of the leading causes of death in the world. Due to unwanted side

effects of modern medicines, traditional medicines are become popular among the diabetic people

Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the Role of polyherbal formulation of flaxseed,

fenugreek and jamun seed carbohydrate metabolism in Streptozotocin and Nicotinamide induced

diabetic rats.

Materials and methods: Stretozotocin-Nicotinamide induced Wistar albino rats were used for this

study. Polyherbal formulation (PHF) contain Equiproportional mixture of hydroalcoholic extacts of

flaxseed, fenugreek and jamun seed (1:1:1).Diabetic animals treated with Poly herbal formulations and

their individual herbs at the dose of 200mg/kg/body weight for 30 days. At the end of 31st day animals

were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The liver and muscle were isolated for the analysis of glycogen

and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes.

Results: The liver glycogen, muscle glycogen level and glycogen synthase activity was significantly

(p<0.05) decreased with concomitant increase in glycogen phosphorylase and fructose 1, 6

diphosphatase activity were observed in diabetic group animal. the Treatment with Poly herbal

formulation and their individual herbs significantly (p<0.05) increase the liver and muscle glycogen

level as well as Glycogen synthase activity and significantly decreased the Glycogen phosphorylase,

Fructose 1,6 diphosphatase activity. The percentage changes in the liver, muscle glycogen level, and

carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme level in the PHF treated group from the diabetic group was greater

when compared to their individual herbs.

Conclusion: This study evidently shows the synergetic action of Poly herbal formulation and also

found to have high efficacy in maintaining carbohydrate metabolism when compared to their individual

herbs in diabetes induced rat.

Key Words: Diabetes, glycogen, glycogen synthase, glycogen phoshorylase.




DETERMINATION OF VANCOMYCIN MIC IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FOR

ISOLATES SHOWING REDUCED ZONE OF INHIBITION BY DISC DIFFUSION METHOD

Praveen Kumar.V, T.N.Ravi V.Sreenivasulu Reddy and B.Sai Ravi Kiran

Department of Microbiology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry.

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of nosocomial and community

acquired infections, causing high morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Methicillin Resistant

Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to the majority of antimicrobial agents available for clinical

use, the glycopeptides vancomycin has been proposed as the drug of choice for treating such

infections.Indiscriminate use of vancomycin leads to the emergence and spread of vancomycin

resistance in multidrug resistant strains is of growing concern in the recent years.The minimum

inhibitory concentration (MIC) represents the concentration of antimicrobial at which there is complete

inhibition of growth of organism. Measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of

antibiotics is an important aid to determine antibiotic resistance to the bacteria. The present study aims

to determine the MIC of 240 Staphylococcus aureus which showed reduced zone of inhibition by

Vancomycin disk diffusion test. Out of 240 S.aureus 225 isolates were VSSA (MIC≤ 2 µg/mL ), 12

were VISA (MIC 4-8 µg/mL) and 3 strains were VRSA (MIC>16 µg /mL ).




TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN DIABETES MELLITUS

AND METABOLIC SYNDROME

B. Sai Ravi Kiran

Department of Biochemistry, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry.

Abstract

Total antioxidant capacity assays have been designed to determine overall antioxidant power

of samples contributed by antioxidant and other their interactions. Diabetes mellitus is a group of

metabolic disorder which includes hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action and

both. Metabolic syndrome is cauterized by insulin resistance and the presence of risk factors for

cardiovascular diseases and Diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress impairs glucose uptake in muscle, fat

and decreased insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and atherosclerosis by directly affecting

vascular wall cells. Oxidative stress involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and

cardiovascular diseases of metabolic syndrome. We assessed MDA, FRAP, Lipids in 200 patients of

diabetes mellitus, 200 patients of metabolic syndrome and 200 healthy controls.

Increased total antioxidant status may not always represent ones heal their condition and

condition with a low oxidative stress, suggesting that total antioxidant status may be used as sole

indicator of oxidative stress.

Key words: Total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome.




POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME AND DIABETES 2 MELLITUS PATIENTS

S. Nandini

Sri Krupa Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siddipet, Medak dist, Telangana

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder that affects about one in 15

women worldwide. The major endocrine disruption is excessive androgen secretion or activity, and a

large proportion of women also have abnormal insulin activity. Many body systems are affected in

polycystic ovary syndrome, resulting in several health complications, including menstrual dysfunction,

infertility, hirsutism, acne, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Women with this disorder have an

established increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and a still debated increased risk of

cardiovascular disease. The diagnostic traits of polycystic ovary syndrome are hyperandrogenism,

chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovaries, after exclusion of other conditions that cause these same

features. Initial diabetes screening of all women with PCOS was performed by fewer OB/GYNs (57%)

than REIs (71%). Approximately 1/3 of both groups reported initial screening only for those with

additional risk factors, and 3% reported no screening. Re-screening for diabetes was reportedly

performed by similar numbers of OB/GYNs (49%) and REIs (53%). Re-screening was reportedly not

performed by the remaining 51% of OB/GYNs and 47% of REIs. For initial screening, the 2 h glucose

tolerance test (GTT) was reportedly used by fewer OB/GYNs than REIs (59% vs 72%), fasting plasma

glucose (FPG) by more OB/GYNs (22% vs 8%), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) by a similar number

(19% vs 20%). For re-screening, GTT was reportedly used by a similar proportion of OB/GYNs and

REIs (27% vs 32%), FPG was used more by OB/GYNs (43% vs 23%), and HbA1c was used less (30%

vs 45%).It remains to be determined whether PCOS and type 2 diabetes mellitus represent with their

phenotypic differences due to the presence or absence of a coincidental genetic defect at the level of the

ovary or pancreas, respectively. The cause of polycystic ovary syndrome is unknown, but studies

suggest a strong genetic component that is affected by gestational environment, lifestyle factors, or

both.

Keywords:Diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, androgen excess, Genetic




BIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS AND THEIR ROLE OF FERAL COCKROACHES IN AMIRTHI

FOREST,EASTERN GHATS, TAMIL NADU, INDIA(INSECTA: BLATTODEA)

Ezhumalai. P¹ and S. Prabakaran2

¹D.G.Vaishnav College,Chennai-600106

²Zoological survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Chennai-600028.

Abstract

Cockroaches are an ancient and highly successful form of insects. They were among the

group of arthropod and primitive insects that evolved during the first great radiation of insects. The

various microorganisms are associated with cockroaches internally and externally. They play an

important ecological role. They are, therefore an important part of the food for a number of organisms

and they are an important part of the food web and also play an extremely important role in nutrient

cycling in forest ecosystem. A majority of cockroach’sare detritus feeders with the help of endogenous

cellulose play an important role in degrading plant materials in the forest ecosystem due to the variety

of symbiotic bacteria and protozoan in their digestive enzymes. The burrowing, feeding and excretory

activities of cockroaches influence the patterns of aeration, drainage, microbial performance,

decomposition and nutrient availability of the forest ecosystem. This paper provides the detailed study

of the biotic associations and their role of feral cockroaches collected from different parts of Amirthi

forest, Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India.

Key words: Biotic associations, feral cockroaches, Amirthi forest, Eastern Ghats and Tamil Nadu




MILLICOMPOST IS A FUTURE BIOFERTILIZER

Chezhian. Y and S. Prabakaran

Southern Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai - 600 028

Abstract

Fertilizers and Pesticides play a vital role to improving agricultural productivity. Reaping

range is depending on soil nutrition and soil texture of the field. Biofertilizer are nothing the product

resourced from the biological product and it fixing the nutrient availability in the soil. Majority of

chemical fertilizer are denatured the soil texture and causes pollution to environment; hence the

biofertilizers are currently using to enhancing productivity and reduced the toxicity to environment.

Millipedes are long-lived animals in comparison to most other terrestrial arthropods. Millipedes play

main role of detritivorous invertebrates in enhancing decomposition of dead plant materials is to

stimulate microbial activity. Millicompost is positive effect on plant growth over Vermicompost and

Ordinary compost. Millipedes are increased the soil Humification and enriched the soil with minerals.

Ambarish, Sridhar and Alagesan are identified and validated the Genus Arthrosphaera (Pill Millipedes)

are worthful species for Millicompost. Aim of the present study to determined and validates the

Nutrient composition of Millicompost from the commonly available millipede species such as

Xenobolus carnifex,Trigoniulus corallines and Anoplodesmus saussurii.

Key words: Millicompost, common millipede and nutrient composition.




IN VITRO PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTI FUNGAL ACTIVITY OF

GANODERMA LUCIDUM

Naveen kumar. C1 and R. Srikumar2

1Dept. of Microbiology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry. 2Dept. of Center for Research, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry.

Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum, commonly referred to as Lingzhi, has been used in Asia country for

health promotion for centuries. Bioproducts of Mushroom have multi beneficial effects for human

welfare. Most of the medicinal extracts from mushroom are different forms of polysaccharides which

strengthens the immune system without any side effect. Medicinal mushroom research has focused on

discovery of compounds that can modulate the biological response of the immune cells. The Phyto-

chemical screening and antifungal activity of Ethanolic extract (1000 mg/ml) of G. lucidum was tested

against the strains of Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum,

Alternaria alternate, Drashelaria sp. the species are compared with strains collected from Indian Type

Culture Collection. The preliminary phytochemical screening of G. lucidumrevealed the presence of

phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, carbohydrates, glycosides, triterpenoids andphenolic compounds

and the extracts were then subjected forthe Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination

with the help ofmicro-dilution bioassay. The results from the present study supported the usage

G.lucidum fruiting body as an ideal bio-pharmaceutics and suggested that the ethanolic extract

possessed strong antifungal activity due to presence of rich phyto-chemical constituents. This study

strongly suggests that G. lucidum be used as an antifungal agent in the development of new drug for the

different fungal pathogenesis in humans.

Key Words: Ganoderma lucidum, Bioactive compounds, Antifungal activity.




STUDY OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION IN DRINKING WATER SAMPLES

COLLECTED FROM PERUNKALATHUR AND THUMBAI VILLAGE LAKES LOCATED

NEAR CHEYYAR TALUK, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT

Karthik. M and N. Subramanian*


Abstract

This study was conducated to assess the microbial contamination of Perunkalathur and

Thumbai village lakes located near Cheyyar Taulk Thiruvannamalai District. Which is under severe

stress due to agricultural runoffs, untreated sewage from the village and also from the surrounding

residential layouts, and industrial discharge from the nearby units. As a result of these discharges,

socio-economic and environmental services to surrounding community have severely deteriorated

causing harm to the lake water quality as well as exacerbating health risks to local people in the

surroundings areas who depend in part of entirely on the Perunkalathur and Thumbai village lakes for

food, water farming, etc. The series of biochemical tests conducated on the water samples collected

from major pollution source points between January and May 2016 around the lake showed the

presence of intestinal pathogens such Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella ranging from

800-1000cfu/10 ml. To further suport the above study, an attempt was made to assess the health effects

and socio-economics impact on the surrounding residential community on the extent and magnitude of

the microbial infections caused by these pathogens through a questionnaire survey. Seventy Per Cent

(70%) of the respondents confirmed the persistence of several cases of mircrobial infections,

particularly among the farmer community. The above result indicates the severe nature of quality to

improve the ecological profile of the lake as well as enhancing environmental health indices for the

local population.

Key Words: Water pollution, pathogen, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella




STUDIES ON GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES OF CHICKEN IN AND AROUND


Divyamery.R and N. Subramanian*

PG & Research Department Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar, TVmalai District

Abstract

A total of 50 intestines of domestic chicken were collected in and around Cheyyar,

Thiruvannamalai district from April 2014 to September 2014. The overall prevalence of parasitic

infection was 91.54%. Of this overall prevalence of 91.54%, 80.67% was infected with cestodes and

19.33% with nematodes. The collected tape worms (cetodes) were identified as Raillietina tetragona,

R.echinobothridia, R.cesticillus, Cotugnia dionophora and Hymenolepis carioca) and nematodes were

identified as Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum. The percentage of Raillietina tetragona,

R.echinobothridia, R.cesticillus, Cotugnia dionophora and Hymenolepis carioca were 40.00, 13.85,

9.23 and 6.92 and 3.85%, respectively. Similarly the percentage of Ascaridia galli and Heterakis

gallinarum were 11.54 and 6.15%, respectively. The average number of parasite per chicken was

16.38, 14.44, 1.50, 2.0 and 2.6% of Raillietina tetragona, R.echinobothridia, R.cesticillus, Cotugnia

dionophora and Hymenolepis carioca, respectively. Similarly the average number of parasite per

chicken was 18.67 and 15.0% of Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum, respectively.

Key words: Poultry, Gastrointestinal parasites, Thiruvannamalai district




EFFECT OF CONSUMPTION OF MILLET DIET ON DIABETES MELLITUS, TREATED

AND UNTREATED PATIENTS COLLECTED FROM CHEYYAR TALUK,


Hemalatha.M.D and N. Subramanian*


Abstract

Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus at different age group of both sexes were taken up

for the present study. A total of 100 diabetes mellitus of the both sexes, male 56, and female 44 have

been taken for the present study.The age group of male patients ranged between 30 – 80 years. Out of

56 male patients the incidence of diabetes mellitus is high 39% (22 patients), in the age group between

50 – 60 years. The lowest incidence of diabetes mellitus that is 4 cases (7.14%) in the age group

between 30 – 40 years.The age group of female patients ranged between 30 – 80 years, out of 44

female patients the incidence is high 40.9% (18 patients) in the age group between 50 – 60 years. The

lowest incidence of diabetes mellitus that is 5 patients (11.3%) is in the age group between 30 – 40

years.Majority of the patients are employers living in Cheyyar Taluk, Thiruvannamalai district. They

belongs to Urban areas. Another important study in the present investigation is food habit of diabetes

mellitus patients. Out of 100 patients selected 56 were males and 44 were females. Among 56 males 28

were taken medicine for diabetes and 28 were not taken any medicine for diabetes. Out of 28 patients

treated with anti - diabetic drug 16 having the food habit of millet diet and 12 were having the food

habit of Rice diet.The diabetic patients with anti – diabetic treatment having the habit of millet diet,

showed normal blood sugar level. But the diabetic patients with anti diabetic treatment having the habit

of Rice diet showed moderate level of blood sugar both FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar) and PP (Post

Prandial blood sugar). In comparison to rice and millets diet the millet diet with low carbohydrate

content, low digestibility and water soluble gum content (β – glucan) have been attributed to improve

glucose metabolism. These grains release sugar slowly in the blood and also diminish the glucose

absorption. Out of 28 patients with diabetic untreated with any anti diabetic drugs, 18 patients were

having the habit of millet diet and 10 of them were having the habit of Rice diet. The untreated patients

with millet diet showed normal level of blood sugar both FBS and PP, whereas the untreated patients

without millet diet that is with rice diet showed High level of blood sugar level both FBS and PP

respectively. On the other hand out of 44 female patients treated with anti-diabetic drug 15 with millet

diet showed normal level of blood sugar in both FBS and PP. The 9 patients having the habit of Rice

diet showed high level of blood sugar both FBS and PP. But in untreated Female patients 15 patients

showed having the habit of Millet diet and 5 patients showed having the habit of Rice diet. The

untreated patients with Millet diet showed normal level of blood sugar. But the untreated female

patients 5 having the habit of Rice diet showed high level of blood sugar in both FBS and PP.

Insufficient physical activity is one of the major causes of diabetes mellitus among the people of

Cheyyar Taluk, Thiruvannamalai District, Tamilnadu. Unhealthy diet and obesity are also important

factor for diabetes mellitus among people of Cheyyar Taluk, Thiruvannamalai District.

Key Words: Diabetes mellitus, Millet diet, Blood group, Age group.




COMPARETIVE STUDY OF PHYSICO – CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF POND WATER,

AIR - CONDITIONED OUTLET WATER AND CHANGES IN THE HISTOLOGY OF FRESH

WATER FISH TILAPIA MOSSAMBICA, TREATED WITH AIR-CONDITIONED OUTLET

WATER

Govindhan.P and N.Subramanian*

PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar – 604407.

Abstract

Two water samples A and B were taken up for the present study.Sample A (Pond water)

collected from Kilpakkam village pond. Sample B (Air Conditioned out let water) collected from

Computer Science Department, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College Cheyyar. The Physical and Chemical

Parameters of both the water samples were analyzed before experiment.Two glass aquarium tank

Capacity of 10 Liter were taken, one is called Control tank with Pond water, Another One is called

Experimental tank filled with AC out let water. 15 fishes in each tank were introduced experimental

period was 1 month (30 days).The Turbidity of sample A was 52.0 NT units which was beyond the

permissible limit and the turbidity of sample B was 2.o NT units.Total dissolved solids were high in

AC out let water 510 mg/L and low in pond water 146mg/L.The Electrical conductivity was also high

in AC out let water (28 mho/cm) and low level in pond water (208 mho/cm).The pH of sample A

showed 7.20 and the pH of sample B showed 8.09 more alkaline.The total alkaline was high in AC out

let water 224 CaCo3 mg/L and low level of alkaline was observed in sample A 36 CaCo3 mg/L.

Total Handness also showed high level in AC out let water 184 CaCo3mg/L and sample B

showed 36 CaCO3 mg/L.Chloride content was very high in AC out let water 56 cl mg/L and low in

pond water 28 cl mg/L.Sulphate was also high in AC out let water 38 So4 mg/L and low in pond water

25 So4 mg/L. The histological study showed broken of neutral bundles and scatterly arranged glial

cells were found in the brain of experimental group of fishes after 30 days of exposure. Marked edema

active secretion of mucous in the gill arch and gill lamellae the gill became reddish due to hemorrhage

caused by the damage of gill capillaries owing to high osmolysis are found in the gills after 30 days of

experiment. Severe damage and marked proliferation of liver cells and necrosis of hepatic cells in the

liver were found after 30 days of exposure of Air conditioning out let water. Great damage of renal

tubules and glomerular edema were observed in kidney of experimental group after 30 days of

experiment treated with Air conditioning out let water. Testicular inflammation, shrinkage of

interstitial cells and vaculation of tubular cells were found in the testis of experimental group of fishes

treated with AC outlet water after 30 days of exposure.

Keywards: Water pollution, Osmolysis,Testicular inflammation, proliferation




BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN IN ASYMPTOMATIC

BACTERIURIA DURING TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY

Sandhya Rani.T

Department of Microbiology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry

Abstract

Pregnancy causes a number of changes to a woman’s including anatomically and

physiological changes. Asymptomatic bacteriuria may lead to high risk for maternal and foetal

complications such as pyelonephritis, prematurity, low birthweight and perinatal mortality if

untreated.This study was carried out to determine the bacteriological profile and susceptibility pattern

in asymptomatic bacteriuria during trimesters (36weeks) of pregnancy. Out of 100 samples collected

from pregnant women of all trimester attended OBG ward. In these 100 samples, 17 cases were culture

positive,26 samples showed insignificant growth(<105ml),52 samples showed no Growth and 5

samples showed mixed growth.Out of 17 positive cases,9 cases showed significant bacteriuria during

second trimester of pregnancy. E.coli was the most common organism in our study followed by others.

In the present study, significant bacteriuria was present during second trimester itself 9(52.9%).

Routine screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria is therefore recommended throughout pregnancy to

avoid adverse maternal and foetal complications.

Key words: Vesicoureteric reflux, Prematurity, Asyptomatic bacteriuria,Pregnancy




BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY PABACTERIOLOGICAL

PROFILE AND SPECTRUM OF SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN IN DIABETIC FOOT ULCER

PATIENTS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, PUDUCHERRY

K. Jayarani

Department of Microbiology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry.

Abstract

Diabetic foot infection is a global concern and develops in regions with improper foot care

and increases the lifetime risk for developing foot ulceration. This wound infection begins

superficially, but with delay in treatment and impaired body defense mechanisms, can spread to the

other subcutaneous tissues and to deeper structures ultimately leading to dreaded complications such as

gangrene and amputations . The aim of the present study was to isolate the bacterial pathogens in

patients with diabetic foot ulcers and to know their susceptibility pattern. Out of 124 samples collected

from patients with foot ulcers were attended General medicine ward during the period of three months

.Samples were processed as per CLSI guidelines. Out of 124 isolates,74 isolates (59%) were

polymicrobial in nature and 50 isolates ( 40.5%) were Monomicrobial in nature.In our study among

Gram negative pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common 48(38.70%), followed by

Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species,Proteus species, Acinetobacterspecies. Among 85 Gram positive

isolates Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate 38(30.64%), followed by CONS and

Streptococcus. In the present study, all the aerobic Gram-positive organisms were 100% sensitive to

Vancomycin, followed by Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid ,Ciprofloxacillin ,Amikacin , and they were

highly resistant to Ampicillin , Cotrimoxazole , and Gentamicin .6 MRSA strains were isolated .Gram-

negative organisms were sensitive to Gentamycin, Imipenem, Amikacin and Ciprofloxacin .Except

Pseudomonas was sensitive to Cefotaxim, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacilin, Imipenem, Piperacillin,

Amikacin .6 strains were resistant to all antibiotics tested.This study directs us that proper management

of diabetic foot ulcers with appropriate antibiotics for treating this infection and thereby preventing

mortality rate.

Key Words: Acinetobacter species, Diabetic foot, Imipenem, MRSA starins




HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY ZINC CHLORIDE ON CERTAIN

TISSUES OF TELEOST FISH ESOMUS DANRICA

P. Kavitha

PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College,Cheyyar

Abstract

In recent years, the industrial development and agricultural processes have resulted in the

increases level of toxic metals in the environment. Zinc chloride widely used chemical industries have

been investigated for histopathological changes on teleost fish Esomus Danrica. Fishes were exposed

to sublethal concentration of zinc chloride i.e.56 ppm and sampled at 4, 10 and 16 days after exposure.

The histopathological changes have been studied in gill, liver and intestine of fishes treated with zinc

chloride. Histopathological changes such as distortion of epithelial cells, fusion of secondary gill

lamellae and central axis completely damaged have been observed in the gill tissues. Enlargement of

hepatocytes and with few vaculated cells, necrosis and hepatocytes are distintegrated and pycnosis

(Enlargement of nucleus) have been observed in the liver. Appearance of a few goblet cells and slight

shrinkage of columnar epithelial cells with prominent nuclei and have been noticed in the intestine

tissues. The present study reveals that sublethal concentrations of zinc chloride induce

histopathological changes in the gill, liver and intestine and the damages increase with increase in the

duration of exposure.

Key words: Heavy metal, zinc chloride, histopathological effect, teleost fish EsomusDanrica




STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF MERCURIC CHLORIDE ON THE HISTOLOGY OF GILL,

LIVER AND KIDNEY AND GLYCOGEN LEVELS IN LIVER AND MUSCLE OF CHANNA

PUNCTATUS

Prakash.B


Aringer Anna Govt. Arts Collage, Cheyyar-604407,

Abstract

In the present study, effect of mercuric chloride on the histology of gill, liver and kidney and

the glycogen content of liver and muscle of Channa punctatus were carried out..Behavioural responses

were observed in the control and mercuric chloride (heavy metal) treated fishes. In the control fishes,

behavioral responses are normal and in the concentration of 3.33 ppm and 6.66 ppm of mercuric

chloride the behavioural patterns were not affected. In the concentration of mercuric chloride 9.9 ppm,

fishes were slightly affected. In the higher concentration of 13.2 ppm, 16.5 ppm, 19.8 ppm and 23.1

ppm, the fishes loss its equilibrium and settle down in the bottom of the tank and also swim vertical

position. Fast opercular, jerky, vertical backward movements and mucus secretion were also high.

.Channa punctatus were exposed to different concentrations of mercuric chloride and determined LC50

value. It was found to be 16.5 ppm.The histological studies of Gill, Liver and Kidney were carried out.

The histology of gill showed severe necrosis, damage of pillar cells, cardiac cells; also disintegrated

primary and secondary lamellae.The secondary lamellae get fused. The histological studies of liver

showed partially vacuolated. The sinusoids undergo disintegration and blood supply to the cells was

decreased. It shows loss of boundaries of hepatic cells, and also loss it polyagonal shape. The

degenerated blood capillaries also noted. Histological studies of kidney tissue showed, severely

affected glomerulus tubular cells and desquamation of the epithelium. Degeneration of tubular cells

and local necrosis, vacuoles were also appeared in some places.A decrease in the glycogen content of

the liver and muscle in Channa punctatus on exposure of mercuric chloride was reported. The effect of

mercuric chloride on the histology of gills, liver and kidney and the biochemical study of liver and

muscle was compared in the similar studies reported by others suggested that the fish of Channa

punctatus may be cultured in less polluted water.




LP(A) LEVELS IN DIABETES AND METABOLIC SYNDROME

T.Mohanalakshmi

Department of Microbiology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry

Abstract

Background and aims: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) deserve more clinical attention

being the primary clinical outcome of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Indians are highly predisposed to

MetS, insulin resistance and CVDs. Lipoprotein(a) Lp(a) is a emerging risk factors in the

development of CVDs. Lp(a) is an independent determinant of aortic stiffness in elderly patients with

diabetes. Type 2 DM is a worldwide endemic disease. Dyslipidemia is also a frequent disorder

associated with diabetic patients. Lipid profiles can vary in Diabetes and metabolic syndrome patients.

We investigated serum lipid profiles, Lpa levels in metabolic syndrome and in type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: In this study 200 type 2 diabetic patients and 200 metabolic syndrome patients and 200

healthy control subjects were included. After 12-h overnight fasting, blood samples were obtained for

analyzing the serum lipids, FBS and HbA1C. Results: Type 2 diabetic patients had higher serum total

cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride and Fasting blood sugar and HBA1C levels and lesser HDL-

cholesterol, compared with the Metabolic Syndrome and control group (p<0.001). In Metabolic

syndrome patients had higher serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride and Fasting blood

sugar and HBA1C levels and lesser HDL-cholesterol, compared with the control group (p<0.001).The

serum Lpa was found to be higher levels in metabolic syndrome compared with the type 2 diabetics

and control subjects . The serum Lpa was found to be higher levels in diabetics compared with control

subjects (p<0.003). Conclusion:elevated Lp(a) levels is a strong independent predictor of subclinical

atherosclerosis.

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Metabolic syndrome, Triglycerides, Cardiovascular

disorder,Atherosclerosis




SURVEY STUDY ON GASTRO-INTESTINAL PARASITES OF BUFFALO IN CHEYYAR

TALUK THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT

Aruna. M and N. Subramanian*

PG and Research Department of Zoology, Aringar Anna Govt. Arts Collage, Cheyyar - 604 407

Abstract

A total of 50 dung samples were collected from non-descript buffalo. Similarly 50

gastrointestinal tracts of non-descript Buffalo was collected in and around Vembakkam,

Cheyyar Taluk, Thiruvannamalai District. The work was carried out for six months from

March 2016 to August 2016. Parasitological examination of dung samples revealed the eggs of

Amphistomes, Moniezia sp, Strongyle, Strongyloides and Eimeria sp.The overall prevalence of

parasitic eggs and oocysts was 76.00 per cent. Amphistome egg was the only trematode

parasites identified in this study. Similarly in Cestodes, Monizia benedeni egg was identified in

this study. Where as in Nematodes three types of eggs were identified viz., Strongyle, and

Strongyloides eggs. In Protozoan parasites, Eimeria sp. was the only coocidian parasites

identified in this study. Of this overall prevalence of 76.0%, 40.0% was infected by nematodes,

36.09% by Trematodes, 16% by protozoan parasite (Eimeria sp.) and 10.00% by cestodes .The

most common gastrointestinal nematodes observed in this study was the strongyle (21.05%)

compared to Strongyloides (2.63%). Among the age groups (Young and Adult), younger

animals had higher infection of nematodes (24.0%) and Trematode (20.00%) than the adult

cattle. Among sex, male cattle had higher infection of nematodes (24.0%), Tremaotode

(20.00%) and Eimeria sp. (8.0%) while female cattle had higher infection of Cestodes (8.0%).

Among the season (summer and monsoon), cattle had heavier infection of Trematodes only

during summer months (32.00%) nematodes (30.00%), Eimeria sp (10.0%) and Cestodes

(10.0%) during monsoon months. The worms collected from the rumen and duodenum was

identified as Paramphistomes viz., Cotylophoron cotylophorum, Fishoederius elongatus,

Gastrothylax crumenifer and Paramphistomum cevrvi. The worms collected from abomasum

wasHaemonchus contortus, Mecistocirrus digitatus, Trichostrongylus axei and

Oesophagostomum radiatum (Nematodes). The worms collected from intestines were identified

as Moniezia benedeni (Tapeworm) and the caecum was Oeophagostomum columbiunum and

Trichuris ovis. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection (worm count) was 86.0%.

Among the age groups (Young and Adult), younger animals had higher infection of trematode

(36.0%), nematodes (32.0%) and cestode (20.0%) than the adult buffalo. All the slaughtered

buffalo were males. Among the season (summer and monsoon), cattle had heavier infection of

trematodes worms during summer months (38.0%) whereas cestode (10.0%) and nematodes

(32.0%) during monsoon months.

Key words: Buffalo parasites, gastrointestinal tract Dicrocoelium spp, Balantidium coli. Moniezia

benedeni, Oeophagostomum columbiunum, Trichuris ovis,




STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF DETERGENT ON THE BIOCHEMICAL AND

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE FRESHWATER FISH

TILAPIA MOSSAMIBICA

Venu. M and N. Subramaniyan

PG and Research Department of Zoology, Aringar Anna Govt. Arts Collage, Cheyyar-604407

Abstract

To understand the effect of subleathel concentration of detergent powder “Rin” on vital organs

of fresh water fish Tilapia mossambica (male) was selected. The biochemical studies on brain, Kidney

and Testis have been carried out. The histopathological studies on Brain, Gills, Liver, Kidney and

Testis have also been carried out along with control group of fishes.Lc50 value was found out before

the experiment by the methods of Saptami Moitra and Verma (1997).The fishes are divided in to two

groups, one is control group (N=10). Another one is experimental group (N=10). The experimental

group of fishes was treated with sublethal concentration of household detergent powder “Rin” at a rate

of 3 mg/l per day (i.e) considered as 1/10 of Lc50 value. On 30th day of experiment the concentration

of protein content in the control group of fishes (male) were showed increased level in Brain

(20.00±1.52mg/g), Muscle (25.83±1.08mg/g), Liver (42.50±1.42mg/g), Kidney (38.33± 1.42mg/g),

and testis (33.33±mg/g). But in the case of experimental group of fishes treated With sub lethal

concentration of detergent powder “Rin” (3mg/1/day) showed decreased level of protein content in the

Brain, 14.17±1.44mg/g ,Muscle, 19.38± 1.72mg/g, Kidney, 24.17± 1.7mg/g, and Testis,

23.33±1.59mg/, wet tissue. Whereas on 30th day of experiment the control group of fishes showed

little bit increase in the carbohydrate concentration. Brain 1.72± 0.19mg/g, Muscle, 1.79.38± 0.12mg/g,

Liver, 14.70±.21mg/g, Kidney, 1.84± 0.24mg/g, and Testis, 4.12± 0.38mg/g. But in experimental group

of fishes treated with sub lethal concentration of detergent powder expect testis other tissues showed

decreased level of carbohydrate content (Brain1.35±0.26mg/g, Muscle 0.9±0.14.mg/g, Liver, 12.89±

0.27mg/g) but in testis slightly increased level was found 5.40±0.029mg/g. But on 30thday of

experiment slight increased level of cholesterol was noticed in all the tissues of control group of fishes

(Brain 42.00±0.76mg/g, Muscle, 71.60±2.18mg/g, Liver, 73.21±2.02mg/, Kidney, 117.18±1.31mg/g,

and Testis, 62.67±1.77 mg/g). But in experimental group of fishes more elevated level of cholesterol

content were noticed in all the tissues expect Kidney and testis, (102.54±1.81mg/g)and (53.60

±1.77mg/g) On 30th day of experiment, the brain, gill , liver, kidney, and testis showed normal

configuration in control group of fishes not treated with detergent powder “Rin” But on 30th day of

experiment the fishes treated with sub lethal “Rin” powder showed marked changes in brain, gill,

liver, kidney, and testis. Broken of natural bundles and scatterly arranged glial cells were found in the

brain of experimental group of fishes on 30th day experiment. Severe damage in gills and marked

proliferation of liver cells and necrosis of hepatic cells in the liver in gills were found. Great damage

of renal tubules and glomerular edema were observed in kidney. Testicular inflammation, shrinkage of

interstitial cells and vaculation of tabular cells were found in the testis of experimental group of fishes

treated with sub lethal concentration of detergent poede “Rin” on 30th day of experiment.

Key words: Tilapia mossambica, rin, detergent, cholesteral




STUDIES ON THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF EARTH WORM, EUDRILUS

EUGENIAE TREATED WITH TARTRAZINE, A FOOD COLORING AGENT, IN THE

FLOWER AND VEGETABLE WASTES

Kalaivanan.K, S. Durairaj and G. Selladurai


Aringar Anna Govt. Arts Collage,

Cheyyar - 604 407

.

Abstract

Vermicomposting is a method by which waste materials are converted into useful products

which are being widely used for agricultural, horticultural purposes, etc., The conversion of waste into

compost by earthworm is one of the methods of management of waste. In this process several

earthworm species have been utilized. In our study Eudrilus eugeniae has been selected to study the

anatomical changes of the earthworm while converting flower and vegetable wastes into compost. In

this study, the wastes selected were mixed with food coloring agent tartrazine to assess the toxic effect

on the anatomical structures of earthworm of different regions. The histological sections of anterior,

clitellar, middle and posterior regions of earth worm of control, flower and vegetable wastes and

tartrazine treated were taken separately. In the control animal, the epidermis of the, Eudrilus eugeniae

consists of an epidermal epithelium and an overlying fibrous cuticle. Below the epidermis, circular and

longitudinal muscles were intact. The coelom was clearly seen. Along with this, lumen, blood vessels,

chloragogen cells were clearly seen. The tartrazine treated section of clitellar region showed least

changes when compared to control. The size of the blood vessel was reduced. The cuticle, epidermis

and circular muscles were not changed much in the experiment. However, the coelom was enlarged.

The supposed to be the pigment cells were reduced to a greater extent. . Inter vascular space was

much reduced. Majority of the anatomical details were intact except few changes like the size of the

lumen, number of the pigment cells and the size of the coelom. Only in certain regions the thickness of

the body wall was reduced. The vegetable and flower waste and tartrazine were not much impact on the

anatomy of the earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae.

Key words: Vermicompost, Eudrilus eugeniae, tartrazine, vegetable waste, flower waste.




BEHAVIOURAL STUDIES ON THE MEGASCOLECID EARTHWORM, LAMPITO

MAURITII EXPOSED TO SOME CHLORIDE FERTILIZERS

Nagarajan.J

PG and Research Department of Zoology,Aringar Anna Govt. Arts Collage, Cheyyar - 604 407

Abstract

Behavioral studies on the megascolecid earthworm, Lampito mauritiii exposed to solutions of

four chloride fertilizers were observed and the action of these fertilizers as “chemostimulent and

toxicant” were studied. Withdrawal and exudatoin responses vary according to concentrations exist

between withdrawal responses and exudation responses chlorides of ammonium, sodium and

potassium. Higher withdrawal responses and exudation responses to ammonium chloride compared to

sodium chloride, potassium chloride and calcium chloride suggest that earthworms are more sensitive

and antagonistic to ammonium fertilizers.

Key words: lampito mauitii, chemostimulent, exudation.




MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON MARPHYSA GRAVELYI (POLYCHAETA: EUNICIDAE)

FROM PULICAT LAKE

Nathiya. J and E. Malathi*

PG and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts Collage, Cheyyar-604407.

* Department of Zoology, Q.M.C. Chennai – 04.

Abstract

Marphysa gravelyi is a large worm with a soft body and is free living. They are found living

in burrows in the muddy bottom of the lake the worms are also found to inhabit the oyster’s bed. The

worm is dorso ventrally flattened. The body is metamerically divided by a number of segments

arranged in a linear series. The anterior end of the body has a distinct head which consists of two main

region are prostomium and the peristomium. The parapodia in the anterior and middle region different

clearly form the parapodia in the posterior region. The parapodium bears a bunch of setae. The number

of setal varies according to the location and the stages of maturity of the worm. The last segment of the

body is called bygidium, examination of the coelomic fluid indicated that m.gravelyi is gonochoristic

but sexual dimorphism is indistinct. The Present study explained about Morphological Structure of

Marphysa gravelyi.

Key words: Morphology, Marphysa gravelyi, bygidium, gonochoristic.




STUDIES ON THE EFFICIENCY OF EISENIA FOETIDA IN THE BIOCONVERSION OF

WASTES TREATED WITH THE FOOD COLOURING AGENT TARTRAZINE

Padmavathi.G, S. Durairaj,G. Selladurai and K. Kalaivanan

PG and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts Collage, Cheyyar-604 407

Abstract

Waste management is a great concern in recent scenario and several ways have been

attempted to manage the different the wastes produced from different sources. In the present work,

wastes such as vegetable and flower have been selected and attempted to study the effect food coloring

agent on the bioconversion of waste into compost. The earthworm, Eisenia foetida is selected for the

present study. The efficiency of the conversion of vegetable and flower waste into compost in the form

of micro and macro-nutrients by E.foetida has been analyzed on 25th day. The earthworm was obtained

from Chithathur, Thiruvanamalai Dt., and maintained in our laboratory by using vermibed.Vegetable

and flower waste were collected from the local market. Vegetable and flower waste of 100gm were

mixed with garden soil and cow dung. Control was maintained simultaneously. In one pot, along with

vegetable and flower waste commercial tartrazine was mixed to study the impact of tartrazine on the

conversion of vegetable and flower waste into mineralization process. In all the pots, earthworm was

introduced and maintained till 25 days. Micro and Macro nutrients such, N, P, K and Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu

were analyzed on 25th day in the vegetable and flower waste along with control and tartrazine treated.

Physical characteristics were also analyzed on 25th day of compost soil to understand the efficiency of

earthworm in maintaining the physical status of the soil. Macro and micro nutrients were also increased

significantly on 25th day. Nutrient analysis in the tartrazine treated waste was increased and inferred

that tartrazine has least effect on the conversion of vegetable and flower waste into micro and macro

nutrients. Physical property i.e., EC was also increased in the present study whereas the pH was stable

in the analysis on 25th day and statistically insignificant. The efficiency of the earthworm has been

understood in the present work.

Key words: Vermicompost, Eisenia foetida, tartrazine, vegetable waste, flower waste.




NUTRITIONAL INDICES AS AN INDEX TO ASSESS THE FEEDING POTENTIALS OF

FOREST INSECT PESTS

Pachaiyappan, S and S. Durairaj

PG &Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar - 604 407.

Abstract

Feeding preference of forest insect pests such as Myllocerus viridanus and Dereodus

denticollis was studied using teak and acacia leaves in laboratory condition by analyzing the nutritional

indices such as consumption index (CI), approximate digestibility (AD), efficiency of conversion of

digested food (ECD) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI). The insect pests were

collected from the plantations and maintained in the laboratory. Three types of experiments were

conducted to understand the feeding potentials of the insects. In the first experiment, Dereodus sp., was

fed with teak leaf for 24 and 48 hrs. In this experiment ECD and ECI were higher than the AD and CI.

In the second experiment, Myllocerus sp., was fed with the teak leaf where the ECD and ECI were very

less when compared with the results of first experiment. The third experiment showed the efficiency of

the feeding nature of the Myllocerus with Acaica leaf where the food ingestion and food digestion were

higher than the other two experiments whereas the AD and ECI were low when compared with the first

two experiments. Food preference was assessed based on the results. Probably the Myllocerus sp.,

prefers mostly the acacia leaf than the teak leaf. The feeding potential indirectly reveals the nature of

damage to the host plants. The results are considered as a measure to devise the strategy to control the

plantations to avoid further damage in the form of growth and yield.

Key words: Myllocerus viridanus , Dereodus denticollis , teak, acacia leaves, nutritional indices




EFFECT OF FOOD AND TEMPERATURE ON THE SURVIVAL AND BODY LENGTH

VARIATION OF THREE CLADOCERAN SPS

Sonia. R1 and R.Ramanibai2

1 Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College for Women, Walajapet – 632 513. 2Professor and Head,Campus Director, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy

Campus, Chennai – 25.

Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

The importance of aquaculture has gained momentum in many countries especially whose

economies rely mainly on food export. Live feed is a general basic requirement for fish and shell fish to

grow. Cladocerans have been documented as a potential live feed to substitute the use of the more

expensive Artemia sp. and other seasonal zooplankton such as copepods in larviculture practices. In

order to determine the potential application of this zooplankton in the larviculture industry,

experiments on the propogation and nutritional enhancement of Moina micrura, Ceriodaphnia cornuta

and Macrothrix spinosa were carried out in the present study. The cladocerans were collected and

cultured under laboratory conditions for experimental purposes. The experiments were conducted at

various seven different temperature regimes (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 25, 30, 35 ˚C) and with five different

diets (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Oscillatoria sp. Yeast, Fish faeces). All the

experiments were run in triplicate. The results reveal that food and temperature are the important

factors essential for the survival and growth of cladocerans.

Key words: Claodcerans, Food, Temperature, Survival.




STUDIES ON THE LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF VITEX NEGUNDO LEAF

EXTRACT AGAINST CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS

Poonguzali. J* and M.Kalaivani 1

Department, Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College for Women, Walajapet–632513.

Abstract

Plants are considered as a rich source of bioactive chemicals and they may be an alternative

source of mosquito control agents. Natural products are generally preferred because of their less

harmful nature to non-target organisms and due to their innate biodegradability. Many studies on plant

extracts against mosquito larvae have been conducted around the world. The present study was done to

find out the larvicidal activity of leaf extract Vitex negundo against first and second, third and fourth

instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito using standard procedure of WHO. Experiment was

carried out with chloroform leaf extract of Vitex negundo. The chloroform extract of Vitex negundo

was found effective and 60-70% mortality was observed in the present study. This plant extracts are

easy to prepare, inexpensive and safe for mosquito control which might be used directly as larvicidal

agents in small volume aquatic habitats or breeding sites around human dwellings.




TOTAL HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIAAND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN

THE UPPANAR ESTUARY

Premalatha.R*

PG and Research Department of Zoloogy, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College for Women, Walajapet-632 513

E mail: [email protected].

Abstract

Uppanar Estuary receives considerable quantity of untreated domestic sewage and industrial

effluents discharged from SIPCOT Area. The present study was carried out to record the physico -

chemical parameters and Total Heterotropic bacteria in four stations in Uppanar Estuary of which two

stations are effluent discharge site and other two are less influenced by pollution. The concentrations

of nutrients were high in effluent discharge site. The Heterotrophic bacterial population varied from

5.4 X 10 3 to 9.4 X 107 CFU/ml in water and sediment samples. Highest bacterial density registered in

polluted site may be due to high level of organic effluents. This study has also evidenced large input

of nutrients into the estuary irrespective of seasons, mainly originated from domestic sewage and

industrial effluents. The present study indicated that the Uppanar Estuary is highly contaminated,

hence proper regulatory measures should be taken for the treatment of effluents before discharge.

Key Words: Bacterial isolates, Total heterotrophic bacteria, Marine pollution




ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MORINDA TINCTORIA ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT IN

A VIBRIO HARVEYI INFECTED FRESHWATER CRAB, OZIOTELPHUSA SENEX SENEX

Srivalli. M1, J. Jayanthi2 and MG .Ragunathan2

1 PG and Research Department of Zoloogy, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College (Women), Walajapet-632 513,

2 Deparment of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Gurunanak College, Chennai – 600 042,

Abstract

Shell fish production is a high value activity worldwide. Crustaceans tend to have the higher

monetary value and annual world production is over 8 million metric tonnes. Loss due to diseases is a

major problem in crabs, to control diseases, a number of antibiotics and chemicals are being used. This

results in adverse environmental effects, emergence of antibiotic resistance and persistence of chemical

residues in animals tissues. Medicinal plants as the alternative agents are effective to treat the

infectious diseases and mitigate many of side effects that are associated with synthetic antimicrobials.

The crab O.senex senex was injected with V.harveyi (0.1ml of 107 cfu/ml). After injection of bacteria

the crabs were allowed to withstand for 96 hrs. After 96 hrs one group of crabs were dissected, some

tissues and haemolymph were used for biochemical assays. Remaining bacterial injected crabs were

treated with 0.05% of 80% Morinda tinctoria leaves ethanol extract (1000 ppm) after 96 hrs glucose

level increased and protein level increased in the experimental group. These result suggested that the

Morinda tinctoria could combact the microbial infection by stimulating the immune response in crab.

Key words: Glucose, protein, V.harveyi , O.senex senex, Morinda tinctoria.




TO EVALUATE MESOCYCLOPS (CYCLOPOIDA: CYCLOPOIDAE) AS A POTENTIAL

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT AGAINST MOSQUITO LARVAE

Kanniga. S1 and R.Ramanibai2

1Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College for Women, Walajapet, Vellore District; Email Id: [email protected]

2Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025

Email Id: [email protected] Abstract

In recent years, the Dengue vector mosquitoes are big challenging problem to human beings.

This study intends to evaluate a bio control option for controlling Aedes aegypti larvae (Dengue

Vector). Cyclopiod, a Crustacean, belonging to copepod order may be a simple, environmental safe and

may give permanent solution in controlling mosquito larvae.

Experiments were conducted under laboratory condition in order to find out the potential

candidate of Cyclopoid species against Aedes aegypti. Cyclopoid copepods were collected from

Velacherry lake at Chennai. The Aedes aegypti larvae required for experiments were reared under

laboratory conditions using standard procedure.

Our results revealed that, Among Cyclopoid, five species belonging to Mesocyclops were able

to feed/kill on Aedes aegypti larvae. They preyed upon 1st to 4th instars of Aedes aegypti larvae. The

maximum predation rate was observed in Mesocyclops pehpeiensis and least predation was noticed in

M.distinctus. The hierarchy of predation rate of Mesocyclops can be ordered as M. pehpeiensis >

M. aspericornis > M. thermocyclopoides > M. hyalinus > M. distinctus. Through our findings we

conclude that M. pehpeiensis can act as a potential bio control agent against the Dengue Vector Aedes

aegypti.

Keywords:Mesocyclops pehpeiensis , Dengue Vector, Biocontrol, Ades aegypti




ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INDUSTRIALLY IMPORTANT ENZYMES

PRODUCING BACTERIA AND ITS OPTIMIZATION

1Pugazhvendan. S. R*, 2N. B. Dhayanithi and 3S. Kumaran

1PG & Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College,Cheyyar - 604 407. 2Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai – 600 025, Tamil Nadu

3Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts & Science College, Kancheepuram – 631 561,

E-mail: [email protected]*

Abstract

Enzymes are the most important biomolecules used in various industries such as

pharmaceutical, leather, laundry, food and waste processing industries, etc. Bacteria produces a variety

of extracellular enzymes including proteases, amylases and lipolytic enzymes, phosphatase of great

importance in industrial processes, However, to obtain enzymes for commercial uses, optimized

process and reduction of production costs are necessary. The present study was carried out to isolate

and characterize the potential bacteria to produce three industrially important enzymes. The soil

samples were collected and inoculated into selective and differential media for the selection of bacteria

which produce amylase, protease and phosphatase. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the three

enzymes production were optimized based on temperature, pH and incubation time. Maximum activity

of amylase, protease and phosphatase was produced as 215U, 175U and 151U respectively. The

potential bacterium was identified as Bacillus cereus (GenBank: JQ580958) based on 16SrRNA gene

sequencing method.

Keywords: Amylase, protease, phosphatase, Bacillus cereus, enzyme optimization.




DETERMINATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS

COLLECTED FROM PALAMAN RIVER, TAMILNADU

Radhakrishnan. M.V1* and S.R. Pugazhvendan2

1P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Chikkanna Government Arts College, Tiruppur - 641 602 2PG & Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar - 604 407

E.mail: [email protected]

Abstract

In the aquatic environment, despite the presence of constitutive or enhanced antioxidant

defence systems, increased levels of oxidative damage will occur in organisms exposed to

contaminants that stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species. The increased ROS production

and subsequent oxidative stress has been associated with a pollutant-mediated mechanism of toxicity in

fish organs. The present study has been designed to understand the oxidative stress response

modulation in fish gill and liver focusing on the various antioxidants that counter peroxidative damage

in the fish Oreochromis mossambicus collected from Palaman river, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu at

different seasons viz.,Post Monsoon (January, February and March); Summer (April, May and June);

Pre-Monsoon (July, August and September) and Monsoon (October, November and December). The

average of monthly data was taken for representing the seasonal data. The analysis of the physical as

well as chemical parameters of water such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, chloride,

sulphate, nitrate and BOD using standard protocols. In general, the water quality parameters were

within the permissible limit. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were analysed and the mean SOD

and CAT activities were found to be significantly higher in liver (P < 0.05). However, the activity of

gill CAT was found to be significantly lower (P < 0.05). The mean activities of G6PD in liver and gill

were also studied. The G6PD enzyme values were significantly higher in the liver, whereas the activity

of G6PD in the gill of fish was lower (P < 0.05). The values of GSH in liver of the fish were observed

to be significantly higher (P < 0.05) whereas GSH levels in gill values were lower. The mean values of

LPO in liver and gill of the O. mossambicus were found to be higher. Particularly in gill tissue, LPO

level was found to be about 6 times higher.

Key words: Oreochromis Mossambicus, Oxidative Stress, Plaman river.




HONEY- AN IMPORTANT NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCE (NTFP) - ITS COLLECTION

FROM NATURAL SOURCE IN KARNATAKA

Soundararajan, V1., Ravi Kumar, G1., Murugesan, K1., Prabakaran, S2. and Manohar, P.1

Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Malleshwaram, Bengaluru, Karnataka - 560 003 Southern Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai - 600 028

Abstract

Honey is a natural product has a long history of its human consumption that has been widely

used for its therapeutic effects. Natural honey has been reported to contain about 200 substances and is

most commonly consumed in its unprocessed state. It is taken as medicine, eaten as food, or

incorporated as an additive in a variety of foods and beverages. Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP)

collection is at the heart of the livelihood options of around 100 million forest dwellers in India living

in and around the forest. Out of this 70 million belongs to scheduled tribes. Karnataka State is having

42, 48,987 tribal population (2011), of whom 50,870 belong to the primitive group. Although these

people represent only 6.95 per cent of the population of the State, there are as many as 50 different

tribes notified by the Government of India, living in Karnataka, of which 14 tribes including two

primitive ones are primarily natives of Karnataka State. Ethnic tribes, the Scheduled Tribe population

comprise some of the better known tribes like the Soligas, Yeravas, Todas and Siddhis etc. Honey is

most important NTFP collected by the tribals in Karnataka. Honey is classified as a minor forest

produce (NTFP) of animal origin Honey as a natural product, through interaction of complex botanical

and zoological species, generates a unique market.

Collection of honey has been a traditional occupation of the tribals and forest dwellers. There

are many tribal families who engage in honey hunting for their livelihood. The giant honeybee Apis

dorsata commonly referred to as the “ rock bee” is a large open nesting species which hangs a single

large comb from high tree branches, rock cliffs and lives in colonies with a population ranging from

25,000 to 80,000 bees in a single colony (Reddy, 1988). Major part, of India’s total honey production

of approximately 60 thousand ton per annum, comes from wild bees. Honey collection is regularized

by the Large Sized Adivasi-Multi Purpose Cooperative Societies (LAMPS) in Karnataka. There are 23

large sized Adivasi-Multi Purpose Co-operative Societies working in Karnataka State. These societies

have been organized with the objective of improving the social and financial status of the Adivasis.

These societies are having members 94,462. The important benefit to the tribals offered through

LAMPS and Lamps Federation is the highest price for their NTFP collection. In Karnataka, the major

activity being honey collection from natural forests and total honey production of approximately

estimated around 250 tons per annum.. In this paper, honey collections in Karnataka through LAMP

societies are discussed.

Keywords: Honey, Tribal, Karnataka, Western Ghats, Tribal livelihood.




AGROECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTHOPPER DIVERSITY IN

KOLLI HILLS, TAMILNADU, INDIA

Kumaresan,1 N, K. Ilango,1L. R. Gopinath2 and R.Bhuvaneswari3

1Zoological Survey of India, Southern Region, Santhome, Chennai -600 026 2Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Arts and Science for Women,

Tiruchengode, Namakkal-637205 3Department of Zoology, Namakkal Kavignar Ramalingam Government. Arts College for

Women, Namakkal-637001

Abstract

Kolli Hills is one of the hilly tracts of southern peninsular India which falls in the Eastern

Ghats region with an average altitude of 1300 meter amsl altitude. These hills are surrounded by thick

forest with fourteen village panchayat, inhabitants of these villages are known as malayali tribes and

agriculture is the main occupation of these tribal communities. Agriculture of these villages or

households are grassing land (Maichal Kadu) adjoining the forest, Backyard garden (Kolla Kadu)

adjoining the houses, upland cultivation (Mettang Kadu) slope land and Valley land (Vayal) wetland

cultivation.

Grass lands are traditionally used for grassing ground for animals, now these are still under

same use amongst the remote villages. Villages near the roads transformed these grass lands into

plantations with silver Oak, teak, etc. however some of the villages intermittent to these two cultivate

pepper along with sparse silver oak trees. Presently these areas are being attempted to cultivate coffee,

tea, etc. Traditionally local tribal community of Kolli Hills used to cultivate variety of fruits,

vegetables, rare pulses and some medicinal plants as backyard cultivation which is still being continued

by the remote villages but, in the recent past these areas are being used to cultivate fruit orchards,

coffee, etc., in the villages near the roads and people in the intermittent villages cultivate fruits, coffee,

vegetables and some pulses. Slope lands were used to cultivate upland rice, millets, pulses, etc. by the

traditional tribal communities but, the people living in the villages near the roads largely cultivate

tapioca and people from intermitted villages cultivate mainly pulses in these regions. Wet lands in the

valley are used to cultivate Colocasia, banana, turmeric, rice, cardamom, etc. by the traditional

communities living in the remote villages. Communities living in the villages near the roads cultivate

only rice and communities from intermittent villages cultivate rice, turmeric, etc.

The study revealed that Gundur Nadu, Valapur Nadu, Selur Nadu, Valavanthi Nadu and

Thirupuli Nadu farmers (46.76%) completely transformed their agriculture to cash crops, Chittur Nadu,

Eapuli Nadu, Alathur Nadu and Ariyur Nadu farmers (38.23%) under the process of transformation of

their agriculture systems towards commercial crops, Gundani Nadu, Devanur Nadu, Thinnanur Nadu,

Perakkarai Nadu and Bail Nadu farmers continue to practice traditional agriculture. Estimation of

planthoppers revealed that Kolli Hills consists of 22 planthopper species in 16 genera. Planthoppers in

different agriculture systems ranged from 3.67 to 24.67, highest was recorded in transformed

agriculture systems followed by systems under transformation and least in the traditional agriculture

systems with P value less than 0.001.




STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF UNTREATED SUGARCANE MILL EFFLUENT WATER

ON BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN FRESHWATER FISH

TILAPIA MOSSAMBICA

Baskar. S and N.Subramaniyan*


Abstract

To understand the effect of sublethal concentration of untreated sugarcane mill effluent water

on vital organs of fresh water fish Tilapia mossambica was selected. The biochemical studies on Brain,

Muscle and Liver have been carried out. The histological studies on Brain, Gill, Liver, kidney, Testis

and ovaries have also been carried out along with control group of fishes.LC 50 value was found out

before the experiment by the methods of Saptami Moitra and verma (1997).The fishes are divided into

two groups, one is control group (N=10). Another one is experimental group (N=10). The experimental

group of fishes were treated with sublethal concentration of untreated sugarcane mill effluent water at a

rate of 2ml/lit/per day (i.e.) considered as 1/10 of LC50 value. After 30 day of experimental fishes from

each group was dissected out for the analysis of biochemical and histological studies. After 30 day of

experiment the concentration of protein content in the control group of fishes were showed. 157±0.23

mg/gm in Brain, 105±0.10 mg/gm Muscle and 183±0.10 mg/gm in Liver. But in the case experimental

group of fishes treated with sublethal concentration of untreated sugarcane effluent water showed

decreased level of protein content in the Brain 55.3±0.19 mg/gm, Muscle 60±0.10 mg/gm, and Liver

130±0.10 mg/gm wet tissue. After 30 days of experiment the Brain, Gill, Liver, kidney, Testis and

ovaries showed normal configuration in control group of fishes not treated with sugarcane effluent

water. But in the case of experimental group of fishes after 30th day of experiment treated with

untreated sugarcane water showed marked changes in Brain, Gill, Liver, Kidney, Testis and ovaries.

Broken of neural bundles and scatterly arranged glial cells were found in the brain of experimental

group of fishes after 30 days of exposure.Marked edema active secretion of mucous in the gill arch and

gill lamellae. The gill became reddish due to haemorrhage caused by the damage of gill capillaries

owing to high. Osmolysis are found in the gills after 30 days of experiment.Severve damage and

marked proliferation of liver cells and necrosis of hepatic cells in the liver were found after 30 days of

exposure of untreated sugarcane mill effluent water. Great damage of renal tubules and glomerular

edema were observed in kidney of experimental group after 30 days of experiment treated with

sugarcane mill effluent water.Testicular inflammation, strinkage of interstitial cells and vaculation of

tubular cells were found in the testis of experimental group of fishes treated with sublethal

concentration of sugarcane mill effluent water after 30 days of exposure. Ovaries showed atritic follicle

and degeneration of youlk granules. The ovaries were disintegrated and the oocytes were scatterly

arranged due to the effect of sugarmill effluent water.

Key words: Sugarcane mill effluent water, Toxicity, Protein, Necrosis,




STUDY ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE FRESH WATER ZOOPLANKTONS IN THE

PONDS OF CHEYYAR TALUK THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT

Ethiraj.S, N. Subramaniyan* and N.Ramadas.


Abstract

In the present study, an attempt has been made to analyse the zooplankton composition of

(qualitative and quantitative) 3 different freshwater ponds of Cheyyar Taluk, Thiruvannamalai District

between June 2014 and August 2014. Qualitative and Quantitative analysis of zooplankton were

carried out in the following ponds 1.Kilpudhupakkam village pond, 2. Madurai village pond and 3.

Parasur village pond. The following species of Rotifers, Copepods, Cladocerans and Ostracods were

identified in the 3 ponds. They are Brachinmous caudatus, Brachinous diversicornis, Brachinous

forficula, Brachinous calyciflorus. Of the 3 ponds, the Parasur pond showed the highest number of

individuals during the study period. The lowest number of individuals of 193 /litter was observed in

Kilpudhupakkam pond. Of the different zooplankton groups, the Nauplius showed the highest density

(600.6/litter) during the study period in the Parasur pond. Of the different Zooplantkton groups the

Rotifers Ovigerous showed the lowest density (3/litter) during the study period in parasur pond. Result

indicate high productivity of zooplankton for fishes (personally observed) in well protected ponds such

as Kilpudhupakkam Pond, Madhurai pond and Parasur pond. Domestic sewage, agricultural pesticides

and anthropogenic activites polluted the ponds; which in turn the resulted, in poor diversity and density

of zooplankton, remedial degradation of these fresh water ponds. The zooplankton, can be mass

cultured and used in rearing of commercially important fishes and prawns.

Key words: Zooplankton, Brachionus candatus, rotifers, copepods, cladocerans.




PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN CATTLE IN AND AROUND


Vanisri V and N. Subramanian*

PG & Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar,

Abstract

A total of 50 dung samples and 50 gastrointestinal tracts were collected from non-descript

cattle slaughtered in and around Cheyyar taluk, Thirvannamalai districts of Tamil Nadu over a period

of six months from March 2015 to August 2015. Parasitological examination of dung samples revealed

the eggs of Amphistomes, Moniezia sp, Strongyle, Strongyloides and Eimeria sp. The overall prevalence

of parasitic eggs and oocysts was 76.00 per cent. Of this overall prevalence of 76.0%, 40.0% was infected

by nematodes, 36.09% by trematodes, 16% by protozoan parasite (Eimeria sp.) and 10.00% by cestodes.

The most common gastrointestinal nematodes observed in this study was the strongyle (21.05%) compared

to Strongyloides (2.63%). Among the age groups (Young and Adult), younger animals had higher

infection of nematodes (24.0%) and trematode (20.00%) than the adult cattle. Among sex, male cattle

had higher infection of nematodes (24.0%), tremaotode (20.00%) and Eimeria sp. (8.0%) while female

cattle had higher infection of cestodes (8.0%). Among the season (summer and monsoon), cattle had

heavier infection of trematodes only during summer months (32.00%) whereas cattle had heavy

infection of nematodes (30.00%), Eimeria sp (10.0%) and cestodes (10.0%) during monsoon months.

The worms collected from the rumen and duodenum was identfied as Paramphistomes viz.,

Cotylophoron cotylophorum, Fishoederius elongatus, Gastrothylax crumenifer and Paramphistomum

cevrvi. The worms collected from abomasum were Haemonchus contortus, Mecistocirrus

digitatus,Trichostrongylus axei and Oesophagostomum radiatum (Nematodes). The worms collected from

intestines was identified as Moniezia benedeni (Tapeworm) and the caecum was Oeophagostomum

columbiunum and Trichuris ovis. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection (worm count) was

86.0%. Among the age groups (Young and Adult), younger animals had higher infection of trematode

(36.0%), nematodes (32.0%) and cestode (20.0%) than the adult cattle. All the slaughtered cattle were

males. Among the season (summer and monsoon), cattle had heavier infection of trematodes worms

during summer months (38.0%) whereas cattle had heavy infection of cestode worms (10.0%) and

nematodes worms (32.0%) during monsoon months.

Key words:Cattle, non-descript, Gastrointestinal parasites, Prevalence, Thiruvannamalai district




AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF S-ALLYLE CYSTEINE ON MERCURIC CHLORIDE

INTOXICATED RATS

Erusan Bharathi1 and Ganesan Jagadeesan2

1 PG & Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar - 604 407.

2 Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar- 608 002.

Abstract

Mercury is considered to be toxic to most organisms when present at appreciable levels. The

present experimental study to investigate the efficacy of S-Allyle cysteine on mercuric chloride

intoxicated Rattus norvegicus. At sublethal dose of mercuric chloride (1.23 mg/kg body weight) was

administrated in rats for 7 days through oral dose. In the present experimental study, the following

biochemical and bio-enzymological studies were carried out to find the levels of lipid peroxidation

(LPO) and Reduced glutathione (GSH) and Super oxidedismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT),

Glutathione peroxidase (GPX)activities in whole liver tissue. The results revealed that treatment with

mercuric chloride caused marked elevation in the level of free radicals (LPO) and simultaneously

decreased in the level of SOD, CAT, GPX, activitiesand GSH content in rat liver tissue. The S-Allyle

Cysteine (5 mg/kg body weight) treatments on followed mercury intoxicated rats were restoring these

oxidant and antioxidant activities near to normal level when compared to mercuric chloride intoxicated

rats. These results suggested that the protective efficacy of S-Allyle Cysteine on mercuric chloride

induced hepatotoxicity in rats have been proven.

Key words:Mercuric chloride,S-Allyle Cysteine LPO, SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH.




EVALUATION OF MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS FOR PARASITES CONTROL

Asokan Bagavan1 and A.Abdul Rahuman2

1 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College,

Cheyyar – 604 407

2Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of

Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam - 632 509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India.

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Objective: Novel approaches to parasites control are needed especially in the tropics and sub-

tropics to counteract the problem of high cost of synthetic chemicals and parasitic resistance. This has

led to the use of medicinal plants with anti-parasitic properties. Methods: The present study was based

on assessments of the anti-parasitic activities to determine the efficacies of hexane, chloroform, ethyl

acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of Argemone mexicana L., Aristolochia bracteolata Lam.,

Datura metelLinn.,Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels, Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir and Moringa oleifera

Lamarck were exposed to different concentrations against sheep fluke Paramphistomum cervi Zeder,

1790 (Digenea: Paramphistomatidae), fourth instar larvae of Anopheles subpictus Grassi and Culex

tritaeniorhynchus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae). Results: The highest toxic effect on parasites were found

in the leaf ethyl acetate of Argemone mexicana, methanol of Aristolochia bracteolata, Datura metel

and acetone extract of Sesbania grandiflora against the Paramphistomum cervi (LC50 =571.48, 562.79,

798.09,482.69 ppm; LC90 = 1908.44, 2032.07, 2749.85 and 1773.38 ppm), the ethyl acetate of

Argemone mexicana, methanol of Aristolochia bracteolata, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of

Phyllanthus acidus against the Anopheles subpictus (LC50 = 129.96, 35.32, 65.16, 75.33 ppm; LC90 =

500.62, 149.40, 260.11 and 298.90 ppm) and against the larvae of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (LC50 =

126.85, 115.58, 32.17, 125.52 ppm; LC90 = 541.64, 466.93, 136.49 and 524.70 ppm) respectively.

Conclusions:The present results demonstrate that the leaf acetone extracts of Sesbania grandiflora,

Phyllanthus acidus and methanol extracts of Aristolochia bracteolata may serve as effective parasites

control in their crude form.

Keywords: Medicinal plants, Solvent extracts, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles subpictus




EFFECT OF FEEDING DIFFERENT DIETARY LEVELS OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN ON

GROWTH PERFORMANCE STATUS OF FRESHWATER FINGERLINGS (LABEOROHITA)

N. Devika

PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, , Cheyyar – 604 407

Abstract

The present study was conducted to observe the effect of feeding dietary level of an energy

and protein on growth performance status of freshwater fingerlings fish from the Indian major carp.

The collection of experimental animals used, preparation of formulated feeds containing 40% and 50%

of plant (Mentha arvensis, Amaranthus tristis, Ctenopodium album and Trigonella femum graecum)

protein with and without inclusion of seaweed (Gracilaria edulis) meal and management for the

growth of animal, quantitative estimation of fatty acid analysis in the Labeo rohita fingerlings. The

experiment was conducted for 78 days on 31to 50 days old acclimatization and 51 to 78 days-old

fingerlings used for the experiments, which are individually weighed and distributed into different

groups. Each group was further subdivided into triplicates having five in each. Complete feed was

formulated using the sources of increasing levels of plant protein varying from 40% to 50% and

decreasing levels of animal protein varying from 20% to 10% along with standard concentration of

carbohydrate, lipid, vitamins, minerals, ocimum and binder. The above said feeds I and II were mixed

with various concentration of seaweed meal 5%, 10% and 15% for experimental feeds III, IV, V, VI

VII and VIII formulated. Growth parameters in terms of Specific growth ratio, and Feed conversion

ratio and Feed conversion efficiency measured. ANOVA of the result of the study examined highly

significant between the groups. It can be concluded that the inclusion of seaweed meal promote the

growth performance for fingerlings when compared to the animals fed without inclusion of seaweed

meal. However, the seaweed meal added in the formulated feed may help for the production of quality

seed of Labeo rohita. The survival of animals was good throughout all the experiments. During the

experimental periods, water temperature ranged 28ºC -29ºC, pH ranged 7.5 -7.8 and water salinity

3.03ppt were maintained along with room temperature ranged 29ºC -32ºC. Higher energy with medium

protein diet positively reflects to obtain desirable performance economically. Conclusion: It was

positive inclination toward ratio containing high protein and energy which influence the immune

response of fingerlings to obtained desirable performed economically. It’s suggested from this study

that 40% of plant protein enhanced the best growth performance.

Keywords: Labeo rohita, Gracilaria edulis andfingerlings




.

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CANCER PREVENTION, DETECTION

AND TREATMENT

Durgadevi R

Department of Microbiology, Indo- American College, Cheyyar.

Abstract

This paper is an overview of advances and prospects in applications of nanotechnology for

cancer prevention, detection and treatment. This paper with a brief description of the underlying causes

of cancer. Then it addresspreventive treatment, disease-time treatment and diagnosis in the context of

some of the most recent advances in nanotechnology. Nanoparticle science is also briefly addressed as

the foundation upon which most nanotechnology cancer therapy is based. It is explained how

nanotechnology can help solve one of the most challenging and longstanding problems in medicine,

which ishow to eliminate cancer without harming normal body tissue.

Keywords: Cancer, folate receptor,nanotechnology, nanoparticles, melanoma,nanocrystal,zinc

oxide,titanium oxide,octyl methoxycinnamate,oxybenzone..




ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

P.L. Kowsalya

Department of Biochemistry, Indo American College, Cheyyar - 604 407

Abstract

The application of biotechnology are so broad and the advantages so compelling, that virtually

every industry is using this technology . Development are underway in areas as diverse as

pharmaceuticals diagnostics, forestry,animal and plant biotechnology, etc. Biotechnology is

enabling these industrty to make new or better produts. Thus, animal biotechnology impproves the

food are eat-meat,milk and eggs. Biotechnology can impact on the environment and

biotechnology enhances ability to detect , treat and prevent diseases. Just like other assisted

reproductiion techniques such as artificial insemination, embryo transfer and invitro fertilization,

livestock cloning improves animal breeding programs allowing farmers and ranchers to produce

healthier offspring and therefore produces healthier, safer and higher quality foods more

consitently.




CYSTIC FIBROSIS

P.L.Kowsalya and V.Saranya

Department of Biochemistry, Indo American College, Cheyyar - 604 407

Abstract

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder , it is therefore transmitteed only from parents to

their childrens. This disease is an chromosome 7 and as it is transmitted in a recessive way , it

is necessary that the two parents carry the defective gene. To be carrying gene means of two

genes to have reached one. If the two parents carry it, they have one chance out of four to have

a child who has inherited it. Moreover half of their offspring will carying the disease, even if it

does not show. In europoe a new born baby out of 2000 develops it and one person out of

20 carries the disease . Cystic fibrosisis due to anomally in the cells producing mucus. It blocks the

respiratory tracts and un like the mucus of a healthy person. And it should be diagnosed by

blood test , x-ray, etc. Treated by lung trasnsplant, oxygen theraphy, etc.




EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF KITCHEN SPICES

Durgadevi R

Department of Microbiology, Indo-American College, Cheyyar - 604 407

Abstract

In those days it is not necessary to construct an artificial antibiotic to treat infection and

disease. Because our ancestors have made our food, medicine. But nowadays our daily food habits

gets changed by the mixing of foreign diet cultures, which have made a great influence in our immune

system. It is necessary to resist a pathogen through antibiotics. Hence, the search for new antibiotics

never ends. Fruits, spices and vegetables form an integral part of daily diet. They have received a great

deal of attention from researchers owing to their wide range of disease healing properties. So that we

have evaluated some kitchen spices for antimicrobial properties. Kitchen spices such as cinnamon,

clove, pepper, dry ginger and cumin were grounded well. And using acetone as solvent, extracts were

prepared. These extracts were impregnated in discs made of Whatman’s filter paper. Through disc

diffusion assay (Kirby-Bauer method), zone of inhibition were recorded. The results obtained shows

that cinnamon has higher antibacterial activity against bacillus. We conclude that Indian spices has

high antibacterial activity. We recommend to add those spices in daily food, in order to enhance

immunity against pathogen.

Key Words: Antimicrobial property, kitchen spices, disc diffusion assay, antibacterial activity.




PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN DOMESTIC PIGS COLLECTED

FROM CHEYYAR TALUK, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT

Gomathi. M and N. Subramanian*

PG and Research Department of Zoology, Aringar Anna Govt. Arts Collage, Cheyyar-604407

Abstract

A total of 50 gastrointestinal tracts of domestic pigs were collected in and around Cheyyar

taluk, Thiruvannamalai District. The work was carried out for six months from February 2016 to July

2016.Parasitological examination of intestinal tract sample revealed the presence of helminth parasites

and protozoans. Out 50 domestic pigs, 48 (96%) pigs were infected with trematode, cestode, nematode

and protozoans. Out 48 domestic pigs 20 were young pigs (below 1 year) and 28 were adult pigs

(above 1 year old).Out 48 infected pigs 13 types of parasites were identified using standard procedure.

Among identified 13 types of endoparasites, six species were nematodes such as Ascaris suum (6.25%),

Strongyloides spp (8.33%), Trichuris suis (6.25%), Oesophagostomum spp (4.16%), Ancylostoma

spp(8.33%) and Hyostrongylus rubidus (4.16%).Next to nematodes, 3 species of trematodes have been

identified, they are Fasciolopsis buski (12.5%), Dicrocoelium spp (6.25%) and Schistosoma suis

(10.41%).Three species of protozoan parasites have also been identified in the gastrointestinal tract of

domestic pigs. They are Eimeria spp (2.08%), Isospora suis (2.08%) and Balantidium coli

(2.08%).Only one species of cestode have been documented in the G I tract of domestic pigs that is

Monizia expansa (4.16%).Five pigs showed (10.41%) mixed endoparasitic infection (Trematode +

Cestode).Three pigs showed (6.25%) both trematode and nematode parasitic infection. Another 3

domestic pigs (6.25%) showed nematode and cestode infection. Only one domestic pig showed

(2.08%) combination of three helminth parasites such as trematode, cestode and nematode infection.

Three species of protozoans were identified in the gastrointestinal tract of domestic pigs. Only one pig

showed the mixed infection of protozoan parasites.

Key words: Pig parasites, gastrointestinal tract, Strongyloides spp, Oesophagostomum spp,

Dicrocoelium spp, Balantidium coli.




Documents

Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research ...jairjp.com/SLSRABS 2016.pdf · SACRED GROVES IN AND AROUND KOLLI HILLS AT NAMAKKAL DISTRICT Kumaresan N. and K. Ilango