Public Disclosure Authorized WorldBankdocuments.worldbank.org › curated › en › ... · homes of Karnataka 1-5 Latest from the Blogworld: India’s moral churning 6-8 ICR Update:

(Change background colour as needed)

WorldBankIN INDIA

THE

I N S I D E

SEPTEMBER 2013VOL 12 / NO 2

A tap and toilet at home offers hope and dignity in rural Karnataka

A tap and a toilet in rural homes of Karnataka 1-5

Latest from the Blogworld: India’s moral churning 6-8

ICR Update: Third Andhra Pradesh Economic Reform Loan and Credit 9-11

Recent Project Signings and Events 12

New Additions to the Public Information Center 13-23

Contact Information 24

About the photograph: Geeta Bhogan with her daughter at her family home in Bekkinakeri village in Karnataka’s Belgaum district

Photograph by Graham Crouch

Geeta Bhogan remembers the time not so long ago when all 15

members of her husband’s extended family took turns to fetch

water from the borewell a long distance from their home in Bekkinakeri

village, in Karnataka’s Belgaum district. They would ride a bullock cart

in groups of four, making a number of trips a day to fetch the 50 pots of

water they needed to survive, and to care for the family’s five cows and

buffaloes. While these trips were difficult at the best of times, they were

even more arduous in the searing summer heat of northern Karnataka.

“The unfailing grind made the men late for work in the mornings and

took a toll on everyone’s health,” Geeta recalls. “We fell sick more often

due to this never-ending strain.”

95170P

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

ed

The World Bank in India • September 201312

Since 2006, household water connections and regular supply of drinking water have made these backbreaking water duties a thing of the past for rural people

Today, Bhogan’s family no longer needs to

make this onerous journey. Thanks to the

Karnataka Government’s Jal Nirmal Project,

supported by the World Bank, the family now

has a water connection within their home. 23

year old Geeta, near full term in her second

pregnancy, is both relieved and happy. “Now

we have a tap at our doorstep and have

begun to get water for two hours each day,”

she said with a smile.

Acute water scarcity and poor water quality

Similar stories are unfolding across rural

Karnataka. Since 2006, household water

connections and regular supply of drinking

water have made these backbreaking water

duties a thing of the past for rural people.

Given the differences in geology across the

region, where barren earth and rocky soil

stretch over vast expanses of the landscape,

the project is tapping a variety of water

sources, choosing the one most suitable for

each village.

“Large parts of Karnataka have very poor

groundwater quality,” explained S. Satish,

the World Bank’s team leader for the Project.

“Many areas have fluoride and even arsenic

in the well-water, making it unsafe for

drinking or for use by livestock. Since surface

water sources such as rivers and canals

are generally the most sustainable sources

of supply, the Project has tapped these

wherever it can,” he adds.

One such village is Kusugal on the outskirts

of Hubli town, where the borewell water

was hard, muddy and brackish. This made

it difficult to cook the lentils (dals) for family

meals, and caused a host of debilitating

diseases such as dysentery and diarrhea

which sapped the nutrition of young

children. The stored water also accumulated

a suspicious film on top, and became a

breeding ground for mosquitoes that carried

the chikunguniya and malaria parasites. Skin

diseases and unsightly guinea worms were

common.

With poor water quality and drought

conditions for the past three years, the

villagers regularly traveled to Hubli, 8 kms

away, to fetch drinking water. They took

a bus into town but had to hire a tanker

on their return, paying Rs. 80 per trip, an

expense most rural families could ill-afford.

Not surprisingly, people refused to marry

their daughters into local families – a telling

With poor water quality and drought conditions for the past three years, the villagers of Kusugal regularly traveled to Hubli town, 8 kms away, to fetch drinking water

2

The World Bank in India • September 2013 12

benchmark for the quality of life in a village –

as they were unwilling to condemn them to a

life of constant drudgery.

A tap in every home

“For Kusugul, we tapped the water from

the canal flowing nearby,” said Satish. “But,

since Karnataka’s canals generally dry up in

summer, we had to make provision for storing

the water in a huge reservoir to meet summer

needs. These reservoirs – or ‘tanks’ as they

are locally called – have existed for centuries

as part of the traditional rain-water harvesting

system in southern India. But, where there

is no such reservoir nearby, the Project has

dug a new one to ensure uninterrupted water

supply throughout the year.” The stored

canal water is then treated before being

carried through a network of pipes into village

homes.

And, where the canals and rivers were too

far away – as in Geeta Bhogan’s Bekkinakeri

village, for instance – the Project has drilled

new borewells and arranged for the water to

be chlorinated before piping it into homes.

Almost every home in the village now has

water flowing for 1-2 hours each day.

The Project departs from the conventional

thinking and follows a demand driven

approach. It requires that villages request to

participate in the Project, and communities,

together with the village council – the gram

panchayat (GP) – pay 15 percent as their

Reservoirs ensure there is uninterrupted water supply during Karnataka’s hot summers

3


contribution toward the capital cost of

installing the infrastructure. The remaining

85 percent flows from

the Project. Communities

are mobilized into village

water supply and sanitation

committees and are

empowered to make

decisions and control the

resources for constructing

as well as operating and

maintaining their water

supply programs. Families

that have opted for water

connections contribute Rs.

300 per household for installation, with a

monthly fee of Rs. 50 for water use thereafter.

In Kusugul, Leela Madugouda Patil, 24,

mother of two, got her family’s water

connection a few months

ago. The availability of an

unlimited supply of water at

her doorstep is a pleasant

change for this young

housewife who moved into the

village ten years ago as a new

bride and has long suffered

the privations of acute water

scarcity. “Getting water at

home is so much better than

having to walk to the borewell

to bathe and wash,” she said.

And the water is safer, too.

Backyard toilets

The Project has also improved sanitation. In

Bekkinakeri for instance, the residents have

banned the generations-old practice of open

defecation – an often dangerous exercise,

especially when women venture out into the

fields at night.

Toilets have been built in almost every home,

generally within the backyard, and proper

drainage has been provided, along the

roads wherever possible. Women can now

sit outside their homes and chat with each

other on warm summer evenings, something

they could never do earlier because of the

constant stench from the stagnant waste

water that collected all over the village. Not

surprisingly, many other villages are now

asking for similar drainage.

15 year-old schoolboy, Nagaraj Parashuram

Muse has become the envy of his friends

ever since his family installed a toilet three

years ago. “I was always scared of stepping

Families that have opted for water connections contribute Rs. 300 per household for installation, with a monthly fee of Rs. 50 for water use thereafter

4

The World Bank in India • September 2013 12 5

up in the scorching summer heat, is now

considered a ‘superstar’ and an ideal place to

marry daughters into.

Yashoda Narayan Bailurkar, 62, had a toilet

installed in her home last year at a cost of Rs

7,000. She takes great pride in maintaining a

spotless toilet and follows her grandchildren

whenever they use it to clean up after them.

“I used to be scared to go to the fields at

night especially since the nearby forest is

full of wild animals like elephants, fox and

wild boar,” she said. “The toilet and our easy

access to water have made a big difference

to our lives. Today we only need to fill 2

barrels of water unlike the 10 barrels we

needed to fill earlier. And, since the water

is clean, we save on doctor’s bills, and can

use the money to pay the monthly water tax

instead.”

“The Project has made important strides in

improving rural sanitation,” said the World

Bank’s Satish. “This is one of India’s greatest

challenges as nearly 70 percent of the rural

population continues to defecate in the open

– more than half of the world’s people who

do so.”

So far, the Project has benefitted some

6.80 million rural people in 11 districts of

Karnataka. Many more are eagerly waiting

to be connected to the new water supply

system and better sanitation.

Maryam Tukaram Khade, hearing and voice

impaired since birth, puts it simply. “Pani

changla” (water is good) he said, a delighted

smile lighting up his face as the water gushes

forth from the tap outside his home.

on snakes at night or being attacked by stray

dogs when I used the open fields. I queued up

for hours to help my parents collect water and

sometimes missed school. Now I am happy,”

said the beaming boy who dreams of serving

his village as an engineer when he grows up.

Bekkinakeri’s Geeta Bhogan is also happy

with the proximity of a toilet. “Swatchhta ahe”

(things are much cleaner now) she said.

A superstar village

Belgaum district’s Olmani village, one of the

area’s most barren villages where wells dried

In Bekkinakeri village the residents have banned the generation-old practice of open defecation. Toilets have been built in almost every home



This is a difficult time for the Indian

economy. Growth has slowed, with

industry shrinking over the last two

successive months, wholesale price inflation

has risen to 5.8 percent, and the rupee has

been losing value sharply. There is reason

to be upset about this and to demand more

from policy makers. Yet, as I argue in this

lecture, this is not India’s biggest problem.

The nation’s biggest challenge at this critical

juncture is a moral and an ethical one. This,

for India, is a moment of moral churning.

Skullduggery and corruption, cutting across

party lines, have been rampant, eating into

the moral fabric of the nation, leaving ordinary

people befuddled and in despair. This is

breeding a corrosive cynicism, leading people

to believe that maybe this is the only way to

be, that petty corruption and harassment is

simply the new normal, whereby we should

complain when we are left out of the gravy

train and merrily join in if and when we get a

foothold on that train. Yes, the economy has

not done well over the last year or two. But

Excerpts from the 16th JRD Tata Memorial lecture delivered by Kaushik Basu, World Bank’s chief economist.

once we look beyond the proximate causes

we will realize that one important factor for

the economy not doing well is the corrosion

of values like trust and trustworthiness and

their concomitant, poor governance.

As far as the current economic situation goes,

conditions are grim, with a growth slowdown

and a sharp depreciation of the Indian rupee.

Nevertheless, the gloom and the pessimism

spiral we see in India is disproportionate. It

is driven in large part by the disenchantment

with politics and is not borne out in reality.

Let us look at the numbers. Some

commentators have compared the current

predicament with 1991; but in truth there is

no basis for this. The growth now is around

5 percent, then it was around 1 percent;

India’s foreign exchange reserves are now

enough for 7 months of imports, then it was

enough for 13 days of imports; in absolute

terms, in the early 1990s India used to have

on average a forex reserve of approximately

4 billion dollars, now it carries approximately

India’s moral churning

Latest from the Blogworld

6


280 billion dollars. And, importantly, now

it has a floating exchange rate; in the

early 1990s it had a fixed exchange rate.

Conducting international trade with a fixed

exchange rate is like driving a car without

shock absorbers. In a fixed exchange rate

regime a large current account deficit can

cause a sudden shock to the economy,

whereas now it is likely to be absorbed, in

large part, by a depreciating currency. And

that is what has happened.

Another factor contributing to the excessive

gloom in India is a failure to recognize that

the entire global scenario is grim. Indeed, in

relative terms, India’s performance measured

by GDP growth is not poor at all. If one takes

the list of over 40

nations--almost

all the important

ones in the

world--for which

the Economist

magazine presents

data and forecasts

in its back pages,

in the first quarter

of this calendar

year India was the

6th fastest growing

economy. And in 2013 India is expected to

be among the top three performers, behind

China, and lock-step with Indonesia.

Given what is happening on the trade front

and the sharp slowdown in manufacturing,

it is possible, even likely, that growth will

slow down further during the course of this

year. But that is the short run prognosis. With

its very rapid growth from 2003 to 2011,

averaging over 8 percent, the nation has

enough internal resilience to get back to a

rapid growth path in two years, unless there

is major policy bungling.

Let me turn to policy. Today the Indian

economy is in the midst of a crisis in the

foreign exchange market. The current

account deficit is at a historical high and the

rupee has been depreciating sharply over

the past few weeks. In responding to this,

ideally the emphasis should be on promoting

foreign exchange inflows rather than placing

restrictions on foreign exchange outflows.

Curbs on outflows can, ironically, exacerbate

the problem in the long run since people

hesitate to bring foreign exchange into the

country for fear that they will not be able to

take it out again.

The right strategy is to convert the crisis

into an alibi for promoting exports, boosting

medical tourism, and taking steps to make

India into an educational hub. All of these

are foreign exchange earners and well within

the realm of the possible. To boost any

of these activities, the Indian government

does not have to do much but rein in its

bureaucratic transactions costs and improve

the ethos of doing business. Given India’s

high quality doctors and nurses, medical

tourism will flourish on its own if the visa

rules and process of entering India are made

more inviting for

medical tourists.

Visas need to be

processed quickly

and return visas

made automatic.

In addition, simple

moves like creating

special channels

in airports for such

visitors to clear

immigrations and

customs quickly

can make a difference. When I worked as

a bureaucrat in India, I used to go through

immigrations and customs within minutes

using special channels meant for political

leaders and senior bureaucrats. Why not

convert those into channels for political

leaders, senior bureaucrats and sick people?

India needs to think of intelligent ways to

improve the culture of governance. Teach

ordinary police to stop cars of VIPs – be they

members of parliament or corporate leaders

– that, for instance, illegally go through the

traffic sign, and fine them. This would require

instruction right from the top, assuring

ordinary police that the top leadership will

stand behind them in such cases, because

currently the Indian police would not have

the courage to do so. This will give police

personnel dignity in their work and curb their

penchant to cheat and take petty bribes. And,

as a useful by-product, this will teach VIPs

some much-needed humility.

On the short-term problem of foreign

exchange management, central banks can do

7

The gloom and the pessimism spiral we see in India is disproportionate. It is driven in large part by the disenchantment with politics and is not borne out in reality


better than what they currently do if they are

willing to use some novel ways of intervening.

In the meantime, one general principle is

worth keeping in mind. Most central banks

are wary of using their forex reserves.

While such caution is useful, it can also be

overdone. To understand this, consider the

extreme case in which the forex reserves are

never used; they are simply kept invested in

some relatively liquid assets. In that case the

market soon learns to ignore the reserves,

because reserves that are never used are like

there being no reserves. To discipline private

market players it is important to occasionally

buy and sell in the open market and take

punitive action against those who manipulate

the forex market.

Culture is a difficult thing to consciously

change. But it would be wrong if for that

reason we go to the other extreme and treat

culture as immutable. There are recorded

histories of how a

nation known for

its tardiness has

become highly

punctual over a

short period of

time; how a people

historically known to be lazy have become

models of industry. Thanks to traditional

economists’ propensity to treat culture as

irrelevant to economic functioning, there

is very little research on the connection

between culture and economic performance

and on the fact that cultural norms and habits

can be changed. However, private firms and

those marketing particular brands have long

been aware that behavior and preferences

can be changed, through advertising, through

the creation of role models. There is no

reason why the government cannot take up

in earnest the effort to break the culture of

corruption. Through the use of education, role

modeling and even speeches, leaders can

break the equilibrium of pervasive corruption

and cynicism in which the nation is currently

trapped.

Bureaucrats and the police do not have

to behave the way traditional economics

textbooks say all human beings behave,

namely, making money wherever they can.

Having dignity and honor in what one does

can be a deterrent from taking bribes. Of

course, alongside training and education,

one should use intelligent law and a revision of

bureaucratic and administrative procedures

to improve governance. I have earlier argued

that India should amend its Prevention of

Corruption Act, 1988, to make bribe giving

legal even while increasing the punishment

for bribe taking in the case of harassment

bribes. I had argued that this will cause

bribery to decrease because the giver and the

taker would not collude to hide information

about bribery once that has taken place. And

knowing this, the bribe taker will be more

hesitant to take a bribe in the first place.

Controlled experiments, now seem, with some

caveats, to confirm this theoretical claim.

What we do know about culture is that it has a

propensity to become an equilibrium, so that

no one wants to individually breakaway from

it even when they realize that collectively they

will be better off by changing their behavior

(see Akerlof, G. ‘Economics of Caste, and of

the Rat Race and

Other Woeful Tales,’

Quarterly Journal

of Economics,

1976; Basu, K.

and Weibull, J.

‘Punctuality: A

Cultural Trait as Equilibrium,’ in R. Arnott,

B. Greenwald, R. Kanbur and B. Nalebuff,

Economics for an Imperfect World: Essays in

Honor of Joseph Stiglitz, MIT Press, 2003).

India has to make a big effort to initiate

bureaucratic reform so as to make it easier

for people to start, operate and even close

businesses. On this front, the nation has

some distance to go (see World Bank’s Doing

Business 2013), but one attractive feature of

equilibrium behavior is that when it changes,

the change can be large. So if India makes

the effort to break the culture of corruption,

cumbersome governance and accompanying

cynicism, it is possible to make a vast

improvement.

Given that the fundamentals of the Indian

economy are strong, with investment

and savings as high as in the East Asian

economies in the heydays of their growth, a

strong engineering and management sector

and long-standing entrepreneurial culture is

what is needed. Once these facilitating social

and cultural practices are put in place, the

nation can grow at outstanding rates.

8


India needs to think of intelligent ways to improve the culture of governance


This is a short summary of the Implementation Completion Report (ICR) of a recently- closed World Bank project. The full text of the ICR is available on the Bank’s website.

To access this document, go to www.worldbank.org/reference/ and then opt for the Documents & Reports section.

Third Andhra Pradesh Economic Reform Loan and Credit

ICR Update

Third Andhra Pradesh Economic Reform Loan and Credit

Approval Date: 11 January, 2007

Closing Date: 30 June, 2010

Bank Financing: US$M 226.8

Implementing Agency:

Government of Andhra Pradesh (GOAP)

Outcome: Moderately Satisfactory

Risk to Development Outcome:

Moderate

Overall Bank Performance:

Moderately Satisfactory

Overall Borrower Performance:

Moderately Satisfactory

Context

The World Bank has been a long-term

development partner in Andhra Pradesh’s

reform efforts in general, and in its policy

and institutional reforms in particular. This

support began in May 1998 with the Andhra

Pradesh Economic Restructuring Project

(APERP), supported by a multi-sector

investment loan of US$540 million. APERL3

was designed against the backdrop of

sound fiscal and public finance management

policies accompanied by good governance

pursued over the first two Development

Policy Loans (DPLs).

Project Development Objective

The main objective of the operation was to

support the government’s ongoing reform

program to:

(a) improve the state’s investment climate;

(b) strengthen revenue, public expenditure,

and financial management;

(c) usher in improved governance practices and

raise the quality of service delivery in the

health, education, and power sectors; and

9


(d) better target antipoverty programs through

more effective monitoring and evaluation.

The program supported policy reforms

in the following areas: Poverty reduction,

improvement in investment climate,

fiscal consolidation and public financial

management, public enterprise reform,

improving governance, power sector reform,

education sector reform, health sector reform.

Achievements

Increased availability of land for the poor,

enhanced coverage of social pensioners,

and employment to rural youth has helped

vulnerable groups in Andhra Pradesh. The

government proactively redistributed land

to vulnerable groups. About 1.4 million

acres were redistributed to almost a million

beneficiaries.

The Government of Andhra Pradesh (GOAP)

also made impressive progress in providing

rural youth with private sector employment.

Between 2006-07 and 2008-09, about 2.15

million rural youth were provided short-course

training, of whom about 0.175 million found

placements in over 100 private sector

companies. So far, 0.316 million rural and

tribal youth have been trained free of cost,

with placement rates exceeding 70 percent.

Activists have trained citizens to read,

comprehend and verify official documents.

Social audit reports are available publicly in

downloadable format on the GoAP’s social

audit website. This has enhanced public

accountability in AP, and generated lessons

for other states.

The state amended the Agriculture Produce

Marketing Committee Act to allow for direct

marketing, contract farming and private

sector terminal markets. A Special Economic

Zone (SEZ) Act was enacted and a large

number of SEZs are in various stages of

implementation by the private sector. Major

infrastructure such as state port and airport

projects are being implemented on a Public

Private Partnership (PPP) mode. About

179 PPP projects in various sectors (roads,

ports, railways, tourism, and urban), with an

estimated investment of about US$14 billion

are in various stages of development.

A strong safety net program (SSN) was

designed to mitigate the social impact

of reforms and minimize adverse impact.

The SSN had two major components – the

Voluntary Retirement Scheme, which was

essentially aimed at easing the impact of

job loss by providing a severance package

and counseling and retraining for displaced

workers so that over a period of time they

could be reintegrated into the labor market


or become self-employed.

By strictly adhering to a fiscal consolidation

path helped Andhra Pradesh register a

revenue surplus of 1 percent of GSDP in

2006-07. They maintained this thereafter,

attaining 0.3 percent in 2009-10 and 0.1

percent in 2010-11.

The GoAP made good progress in increasing

investments in the transmission and

distribution (T&D) system but did not attain

the target of 98 percent metering.

AP was the first to introduce and implement

an ambitious plan to connect all its rural

and urban habitations with an ambulance

network that can respond quickly and also

provide initial life support. Today, they have

752 ambulances which covers 97 percent of

the geographical area of the state. GoAP also

introduced the Rajiv Arogyashree Community

Health Insurance scheme in 2007. Today, the

scheme covers 20.4 million poor and lower

middle class families across the state.

In the field of education drop-out rates

across the state have halved from 37

percent to 15.8 percent in Grades 1-5.

However, the state is yet to make any

significant achievements in schooling quality

and learning outcomes.

Lessons Learnt

● Maintain flexibility at least on non-core

issues. Although there can be trade-offs

between flexibility and credibility, a large

degree of flexibility is needed, not least so

that past mistakes can be corrected.

● Maintain momentum. Long delays

between loans and loan tranches lead to

a loss of reform momentum, and can lead

to an unraveling of relationship.

● One-tranche operations are better than

two. The decision to move to a two-

tranche approach was a decision of the

Government of India, apparently because

it thought this would introduce greater

discipline. However, as evidenced here,

two-tranche operations result in less

flexibility.

● The Bank’s greatest gains were in areas

where it could have an institutional impact

and encourage innovation. Looking back,

the enduring legacy of the APERL series

will include (a) creation of the Centre for

Good Governance, (b) successful PE

reform (prior to Phase 3), and (c) public

financial management reforms.

● Gauging the political economy of reforms

and the domestic policies within which it

needs to function is vital for a DPL.

11



Open Agenda, but also helped them learn

how to use open tools to access timely and

relevant information and data on World Bank-

financed projects.

Recent Project Signings



12

Events

Low Income Housing Finance Project

The Government of India and the World

Bank has signed a $100 million credit

agreement aimed at helping low-income

households in Indian cities access loans to

purchase, build or upgrade their dwellings.

The Low Income Housing Finance Project

will be implemented by the National Housing

Bank (NHB). It will support the government’s

agenda for financial inclusion by making

it easier for low-income households in

urban areas to access housing finance and

by strengthening the capacity of financial

institutions that target these groups.

The credit agreement for the Low Income

Housing Finance Project was signed by

Nilaya Mitash, joint secretary, Department

of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, on

behalf of the government of India; R.V. Verma,

chairman and managing director, National

Housing Bank (NHB); and Michael Haney,

operations advisor, World Bank, India on

behalf of World Bank.

Training Workshop

Open Data Training

New Delhi • 19 and 22 July 2013

The World Bank’s Public Information

Center organized a training workshop on

‘Open Data Development Initiatives’ of the

World Bank for researchers and students of

economics from the Delhi University.

The training, not only raised the awareness

of students and researchers about the Bank’s

Event

International Youth Day

New Delhi • 12 August 2013

On the occasion of International Youth

Day, the World Bank New Delhi office

organized a talk for the students of Sri Ram

College of Commerce (SRCC), New Delhi.

Michael Haney, World Bank’s Operations

Advisor in India, spoke on World Bank’s

Country Partnership Strategy for India from

2013-17.

Two films – one on the activities and history

of the World Bank in India and the other on

the Mumbai Urban Transport Project – were

shown to the students.

About 120 students and faculty members

attended the talk and asked questions on

World Bank’s work in India.



Diagnostic assessment of select environmental

challenges (3 Vol.)

Available on-line

English; 3 Vol.

June 2013

Report No.: 70004-IN

This report provides estimates of social and financial

costs of environmental damage in India from three

pollution damage categories namely urban air pollution,

including particulate matter and lead; inadequate water

supply, poor sanitation, and hygiene; and indoor air

pollution. The estimates are based on a combination of

Indian data from secondary sources and on the transfer

of unit costs of pollution from a range of national and

international studies.

Three striking findings emerge from this review:

m First, Environmental sustainability could become

the next major challenge as India surges along its

projected growth trajectory.

m Second, a low-emission, resource-efficient

greening of the economy should be possible at

a very low cost in terms of GDP growth. While a

more aggressive low-emission strategy comes at a

slightly higher price tag for the economy it promises

to deliver greater benefits.

m Third, for an environmentally sustainable future,

India needs to value its natural resources, and

ecosystem services to better inform policy and

decision-making

Publications may be consulted and copies

of unpriced items obtained from:

The World Bank PIC

The Hindustan Times House (Press Block)

18-20, Kasturba Gandhi Marg

New Delhi – 110 001, India

Tel: +91-11-4294 7000, Ext. 753

Fax: +91-11-2461 9393

Website: www.worldbank.org

Facebook: www.facebook.com/WorldBankIndia

Email: [email protected]

PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTOR

Viva Books Pvt Ltd

4737/23 Ansari Road, Daryaganj

New Delhi – 110 002

Tel: +91-11-4224 2200

Fax: +91-11-4224 2240


Other Preferred Stockist in India

Anand Associates

1219 Stock Exchange Tower 12th Floor, Dalal Street Mumbai – 400 023

Tel: +91-22-2272 3065/66 Email: [email protected] Website: www.myown.org Fax: +91-11-2610 0573 (New Delhi) Fax: +91-80-4128 7582 (Bangalore)

Allied Publishers Pvt Ltd

Tel: +91-22-2261 7926/27 Email: [email protected] Website: www.alliedpublishers.com

Bookwell

24/4800 Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi – 110 002

Tel: +91-11-2326 8786; 2325 7264 Email: [email protected]

This is a select listing of recent World Bank publications, working papers, operational documents and other information resources that are now available at the New Delhi Office

Public Information Center. Policy Research Working Papers, Project Appraisal Documents, Project Information Documents and other reports can be downloaded in pdf format from ‘Documents and Reports’ at www.worldbank.org

New Additions to the Public Information Center

India Publications

13


WPS 6553

Urbanization and agglomeration benefits: Gender

differentiated impacts on enterprise creation in

India’s informal sector

By Ejaz Ghani, Ravi Kanbur and Stephen D O’Connell

This paper explores four important themes in the

current development discourse: urbanization,

agglomeration benefits, gender and informality.

Focusing on the important policy objective of new

enterprise creation in the informal sector, it asks and

answers questions on the impact of urbanization

and gender. It finds that the effect of market access

to inputs, on creation of new enterprises in the

informal sector, is greater in more urbanized areas.

The policy implications of these findings are that new

enterprise creation by females can be encouraged

by urbanization, but the effect can be stronger by

improving female specific market access, especially

to inputs.

Afghanistan in Transition: Looking beyond 2014

By Richard Hogg, Claudia

Nassif, Camilo Gomez

Osorio, William Byrd and

Andrew Beath

Price: $25.95

Directions in Development:

Directions in Development –

Countries and Regions

English; Paperback; 194 pages

Published March 14, 2013

by World Bank

ISBN: 978-0-8213-9861-6

SKU: 19861

The withdrawal of most international troops by

2014 will have a profound and lasting impact on

the country’s economic and development fabric.

Afghanistan remains one of the world’s least developed

countries, with a per capita gross domestic product

(GDP) of only $528. More than a third of the population

live below the poverty line, more than half are

vulnerable and at serious risk of falling into poverty,

and three-quarters are illiterate.

Additionally, political uncertainty and insecurity could

undermine Afghanistan’s transition and development

prospects. This book explores some of these

ramifications.

Creating Evidence for Better Health Financing

Decisions: A Strategic Guide for the

Institutionalization of National Health Accounts

By Akiko Maeda, Margareta

Norris Harrit, Shunsuke

Mabuchi, Banafsheh Siadat

and Somil Nagpal

Price: $34.95

Directions in Development –

Human Development

English; Paperback;

320 pages

Published June 18, 2012

by World Bank

ISBN: 978-0-8213-9469-4

SKU: 19469

This report has been developed through a consultative

process, involving experts and policy makers from more

than fifty low-middle-and high-income countries, large

and small, in all corners of the world, development

partners and World Bank staff globally.

The report represents a synthesis of lessons learned

from country experiences and is intended to serve as

a strategic guide to countries and their development

partners as they design and implement their strategy

to develop nationally relevant and internationally

comparable data, collected in a routine and cost-

effective manner.

Coming up short without sanitation: A community

sanitation program by the Indian government helped

children grow taller and healthier in the state of

Maharashtra

Dean Spears

Available on-line

English; Publish: June 2013

Report No.: 79773

In 2004, as a supplement to

its ongoing Total Sanitation

Campaign (TSC), the

Government of Maharashtra

conducted a randomized,

controlled experiment

to study the effect of a sanitation intervention. In

Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra, 30 villages were

randomly assigned to a community-level sanitation

motivation treatment group and 30 villages to a control

group.

The program caused a modest increase in sanitation

coverage. After the experimental intervention, villages

in the treatment group achieved more latrine use than

villages in the control group, but open defecation

remained a practice in almost every village. These

results suggest that even incremental improvements in

sanitation can lead to better health for children.

Other Publications

India: Policy Research Working Papers

14


WPS 6547

Collective action and community development:

Evidence from self-help groups in rural India

By Raj Desai and Shareen Joshi

The authors randomly selected 32 of 80 villages in

one of the poorest districts in rural India. Two years

of exposure to these programs increased women’s

participation in group savings programs as well as the

non-agricultural labor force. Compared to women in

control villages, treated women were also more likely to

participate in household decisions and engage in civic

activities. The authors find no evidence however, that

participation increased income or had a disproportionate

impact on women’s socio-economic status. These

results are important in light of the recent effort to

expand official support to SHGs under the National

Rural Livelihood Mission.

WPS 6543

Welfare and poverty impacts of India’s National Rural

Employment Guarantee Scheme: Evidence from

Andhra Pradesh

By Klaus Deininger and Yanyan Liu

This paper uses a three-round 4,000-household panel

from Andhra Pradesh together with administrative data

to explore short and medium-term poverty and welfare

effects of the National Rural Employment Guarantee

Scheme. Triple difference estimates suggest that

participants significantly increase consumption (protein

and energy intake) in the short run and accumulate

more non-financial assets in the medium term. Direct

benefits exceed program-related transfers and are

most pronounced for scheduled castes and tribes and

households supplying casual labor. Asset creation via

program-induced land improvements is consistent with a

medium-term increase in assets by non-participants and

increases in wage income in excess of program cost.

WPS 6527

Long-term impacts of household electrification in

rural India

By Dominique van de Walle, Martin Ravallion, Vibhuti

Mendiratta and Gayatri Koolwal

India’s huge expansion in rural electrification in the

1980s and 1990s offers lessons for other countries

today. The paper examines the long-term effects of

household electrification on consumption, labor supply,

and schooling in rural India over 1982-99. It finds that

household electrification brought significant gains to

consumption and earnings, the latter through changes

in market labor supply. It finds positive effects on

schooling for girls but not for boys. External effects are

also evident, whereby households without electricity

benefit from village electrification. Wage rates were

unaffected. Methodologically, the results suggest

sizeable upward biases in past estimates of the gains

from electrification associated with how past analyses

dealt with geographic effects.

WPS6483W

What does MFN trade mean for India and Pakistan?

Can MFN be a Panacea?

By Prabir De, Selim Raihan and Ejaz Ghani

Despite the benefits of proximity, India and Pakistan

have barely traded with each other. In 2011, trade with

Pakistan accounted for less than half a percent of India’s

total trade, whereas Pakistan’s trade with India was 5.4

percent of its total trade.

However, the recent thaw in India-Pakistan trade relations

could signal a change. Pakistan has agreed to grant

most favored nation status to India. India has already

granted most favored nation status to Pakistan. What will

be the gains from trade for the two countries? Will they

be inclusive? Is most favored nation status a panacea?

Should the granting of most favored nation status be

accompanied by improvements in trade facilitation,

infrastructure, connectivity, and logistics to reap the true

benefits of trade and to promote shared prosperity?

This paper attempts to answer these questions. It

examines alternative scenarios on the gains from trade

and it finds that what makes most favored nation status

work is the trade facilitation that surrounds it. However,

gains from trade would be small in the absence of

improved connectivity and trade facilitation.

Other Publications

Turn Down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional

impacts, and the case for Resilience

By Schellnhuber and Hans

Joachim

Available: On-line

Publish: June 2013

English; Paperback;

254 pages

Report No. 78424

This report focuses on

the risks of climate change

to development in Sub-

Saharan Africa, South East Asia and South Asia.

Building on the 2012 report, Turn Down the Heat:

Why a 4°C Warmer World Must be Avoided, this new

scientific analysis examines the likely impacts of present

day, 2°C and 4°C warming on agricultural production,

water resources, and coastal vulnerability for affected

populations. It finds many significant climate and

development impacts are already being felt in some

regions, and in some cases multiple threats of increasing

extreme heat waves, sea level rise, more severe storms,

droughts and floods are expected to have further severe

negative implications for the poorest.

15


Securing Africa’s Land for Shared Prosperity: A

Program to Scale Up Reforms and Investments

By Frank F. K. Byamugisha

Price: $29.95

Africa Development Forum

English; Paperback;

228 pages


by World Bank

ISBN: 978-0-8213-9810-4

SKU: 19810

This is a book on land

administration and reform

in Sub-Saharan Africa.

It provides steps to turn the hugely controversial

subject of ‘land grabs’ into a development opportunity

by improving land governance to reduce the risks of

dispossessing poor landholders while ensuring mutually

beneficial investors’ deals.

The book shows how Sub Saharan Africa can leverage

its abundant and highly valuable natural resources to

eradicate poverty by improving land governance through

a ten point program to scale up policy reforms and

investments at a cost of USD 4.5 billion.

Enterprising Women: Expanding Economic

Opportunities in Africa

By Mary Hallward-Driemeier

Price: $29.95


English; Paperback;

304 pages


by World Bank

ISBN: 978-0-8213-9703-9

SKU: 19703

Sub-Saharan Africa boasts

the highest share of women

entrepreneurs in the world,

but they are disproportionately concentrated among the

self-employed rather than employers. Relative to men,

women are pursuing lower opportunity activities, with

their enterprises more likely to be smaller, informal, and

in low value-added lines of business. The challenge in

expanding opportunities is not helping more women

become entrepreneurs but enabling them to shift to

higher return activities.

This book analyzes four key areas for expanding

women’s economic empowerment in Africa by

strengthening women’s property rights and their ability

to control assets; improving women’s access to finance;

building human capital in business skills and networks,

and strengthening women’s voices in business

environment reform.

World Bank Group Agriculture Action Plan

2013-2015

By Schellnhuber and Hans

Joachim

Available: On-line

Publish: 2013

English; Paperback;

107 pages

Report No. 76301

The future needs an

agricultural system that

produces about 50 percent

more food to feed the world’s 9 billion people by 2050;

that provides adequate nutrition; that substantially raises

the levels and resilience of incomes and employment

for most of the world’s poor, 75 percent of whom live

in rural areas and most of whom rely on agriculture for

their livelihoods; that provides environmental services

such as absorbing carbon, managing watersheds,

and preserving biodiversity; and that uses finite land

and water resources more efficiently. It can be done

with more and better investment in the sector, with

more attention to reducing gender inequality in access

to resource and opportunities, and to addressing

cross sectoral linkages between agricultural actions

and outcomes for economic growth, livelihoods, the

environment, nutrition, and public health.

Getting Better: Improving Health System Outcomes

in Europe and Central Asia

By Owen Smith and Son

Nam Nguyen

Price: $29.95

Europe and Central Asia

Reports

English; Paperback;

210 pages


by World Bank

ISBN: 978-0-8213-9883-8

SKU: 19883

This report draws on new evidence to explore the

development challenge facing health sectors in Europe

and Central Asia, and highlights three key agendas

to help policy-makers seeking to achieve more rapid

convergence with the world’s best performing health

systems.

The first is the health agenda, where the task is to

strengthen public health and primary care interventions

to help launch the ‘cardiovascular revolution’ that has

taken place in the West in recent decades. The second

is the financing agenda, in which growing demand for

medical care must be satisfied without imposing undue

burden on households or government budgets. The third

agenda relates to broader institutional arrangements.

16


on the sector for 2005 and 2011 across a range

of indicators, enabling readers to readily compare

economies.

This book includes indicators covering the economic

and social context, the structure of the information and

communication technology sector, sector efficiency and

capacity, and sector performance related to access,

usage, quality, affordability, trade, and applications. The

glossary contains definitions of the terms used in the

tables.

Urban Labor Markets in Sub-Saharan Africa

Edited by Philippe De Vreyer

and Francois Roubaud

Price: $39.95


English; Paperback;

460 pages


by World Bank

ISBN: 978-0-8213-9781-7

SKU: 19781

Although labor is usually

the unique asset upon

which poor people can make a living, little is known

about the functioning of labor markets in Sub-Saharan

Africa. In Urban Labor Markets in Sub-Saharan

Africa, the authors use a unique set of identical and

simultaneous labor force surveys conducted in seven

capitals of Western Africa, as well as in some other

African countries (Cameroon, Madagascar, Democratic

Republic of Congo) in the 2000s. They present

innovative and original results on how people are faring

in these labor markets, using up-to-date econometric

and statistical methods.

Scaling Up Affordable Health Insurance: Staying the

Course

Edited by Alexander S.

Preker, Marianne E. Lindner,

Dov Chernichovsky and

Onno P. Schellekens

Price: $49.95

English; Paperback;

778 pages

Published May 31, 2013

by World Bank

ISBN: 978-0-8213-8250-9

SKU: 18250

Scaling Up Affordable Health Insurance: Staying the

Course is the fifth volume in a series of in-depth reviews

on the role of health care financing in improving access

for low-income populations to needed care, protecting

them from the impoverishing effects of illness, and

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2013

By World Bank

Price: $15.00

English; Paperback;

244 pages


by World Bank

ISBN: 978-0-8213-9818-0

SKU: 19818

One of a series of pocket-sized

books that provide a quick

reference to development data on

different topics, The Little Data Book on Private Sector

Development 2013 provides data for more than 20 key

indicators on the business environment and private

sector development in a single page for each of the

World Bank member countries and other economies

with populations of more than 30,000. These more than

200 country pages are supplemented by aggregate data

for regional and income groupings.

The Little Green Data Book 2013

By World Bank

Price: $15.00



by World Bank

ISBN: 978-0-8213-9814-2

SKU: 19814

The Little Green Data Book is a

pocket-sized ready reference on

key environmental data for over

200 countries. Key indicators are

organized under the headings

of agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, oceans, energy,

emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. The

2013 edition of The Little Green Data Book introduces

new set of ocean-related indicators, highlighting the role

of oceans in economic development.

The Little Data Book on Information and

Communication Technology 2013

By World Bank

Price: $15.00



by World Bank

ISBN: 978-0-8213-9816-6;

SKU: 19816

This book illustrates the

progress of ICT revolution for

214 economies around the world.

It provides comparable statistics

17


book analyzes their Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems

and their impact on land development.

Transforming Cities with Transit formulates

recommendations and implementation strategies to

overcome barriers and take advantage of opportunities.

Income and Asset Disclosure: Case Study

Illustrations

By World Bank

Price: $29.95

Directions in Development

English; Paperback;

276 pages


by World Bank

ISBN: 978-0-8213-9796-1

SKU: 19796

This book identifies the objectives, features, and

mechanisms that can contribute to the effectiveness of an

income and asset disclosure (IAD) system and enhance

its impact as a corruption prevention and enforcement

tool. This volume presents case studies of the financial

disclosure systems in Argentina; Croatia; Guatemala; Hong

Kong SAR, China; Indonesia; Jordan; the Kyrgyz Republic;

Mongolia; Rwanda; Slovenia; and the United States.

addressing the important issues of social exclusion in

government financed programs. Success in improving

access and financial protection through community and

private voluntary health insurance have led many countries

to attempt to make membership compulsory and to offer

subsidized insurance through the public sector.

Transforming Cities with Transit: Transit and Land-

Use Integration for Sustainable Urban Development

By Hiroaki Suzuki, Robert

Cervero and Kanako Iuchi

Price: $29.95

Urban Development

English; Paperback;

232 pages

Published January 22, 2013

by World Bank

ISBN: 978-0-8213-9745-9

SKU: 19745

Transforming Cities

with Transit focuses on identifying barriers to and

opportunities for effective coordination of transport

infrastructure and urban development. Key institutional,

regulatory, and financial constraints that hamper

integration and opportunities to utilize transit to guide

sustainable urban development are examined in

selected cities in developing countries. For this, the

India Project Documents

Vocational Training Improvement

Date 05 August 2013

Project ID P099047

Report No. 80011 (Procurement Plan – equipment

and material (FY2013-14)

80012 (Procurement plan –

Uttarakhand)

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)

Second Rural Roads Project

Date 29 July 2013

Project ID P124639

Report No. 79995 (Procurement Plan)

Technology Center Systems Project (TCSP)

Date 25 July 2013

Project ID P145502

Report No. PIDC1102 (Project Information

Document (Concept Stage)

ISDSC5287 (Integrated Safeguards

Data Sheet)

First National Highways Interconnectivity

Improvement Project

Date 26 July 2013

Project ID P121185

Report No. IPP623 Indigenous peoples plan

(7-9 Vol.)

RP1245 (Resettlement Plan, Vol. 4)

Second Gujarat State Highway Project

Date 22 July 2013

Project ID P114827

Report No. RP1460 (Resettlement Plan, 17 Vol.)

West Bengal Institutional Strengthening of Gram

Panchayats Project

Date 17 July 2013

Project ID P105990

Report No. 79574 (Procurement Plan procurement

plan for one year (1st April 2013 to

31st March 2014)

18


Uttaranchal Rural Water Supply & Environmental

Sanitation Project

Date 12 July 2013

Project ID P083187


RP1245 (Resettlement Plan, Vol. 4)

National Aids Control Support Project

Date 07 August 2013

Project ID P130299


Bihar Kosi Flood Recovery Project (BKFRP)

Date 28 June 2013

Project ID P122096

Report No. 78487 (Project Paper-Restructuring,

2 Vol.)

Kerala Rural Water Supply and Environmental

Sanitation ‘Jalanidhi’ Project and Maharashtra Rural

Water Supply and Sanitation ‘Jalswarajya’ Project

Date 27 June 2013

Project ID P055454 + P073369

Report No. 78876 (Project Performance

Assessment Report)

Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor Project

Date 26 June 2013

Project ID P114338


Capacity Building for Industrial Pollution

Management Project

Date 20 June 2013

Project ID P091031


National Highways Interconnectivity Improvement

Project

Date 26 June 2013

Project ID P121185

Report No. PIDA300 (Project Information

Document)

Additional Financing for the Small and Medium

Enterprise Financing and Development Project

Date 18 June 2013

Project ID P086518

Report No. 78821(Project Paper, 2 Vol.)

Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor II Project

Date 17 June 2013

Project ID P131765

Report No. PIDA921 (Project Information

Document)

Sustainable Rural Livelihoods and Security through

Innovations in Land and Ecosystem Management

Project

Date 13 June 2013

Project ID P112060


Rajasthan Road Sector Modernization Project

Date 11 June 2013

Project ID P130164

Report No. ISDSC1984 (Integrated Safeguards

Data Sheet)

Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and

Water Resources Management Project

Date 06 June 2013

Project ID P090768

Report No. 78489 (Procurement Plan - 1st Phase)

78490 (Procurement Plan - 4th Phase)

Program to Establish Pilots for Access through

Renewable Energy Project

Date 03 June 2013

Project ID P144678

Report No. ISDSC2697 (Integrated Safeguards

Data Sheet)

Kerala Local Government and Service Delivery Project

Date 03 June 2013

Project ID P102624–

Report No. 78167 (Procurement Plan for 2013)

19


World Bank Policy Research Working Papers

WPS 6568

Growth still is good for the poor

By David Dollar, Tatjana Kleineberg and Aart Kraay

WPS 6567

Is small better? A comparison of the effect of large and

small dams on cropland productivity in South Africa

By Elodie Blanc and Eric Strobl

WPS 6566

The heterogeneous effects of a food price crisis on

child school enrollment and labor: Evidence from

Pakistan

By Xiaohui Hou and Seo Yeon Hong

WPS 6565

Transaction costs of low-carbon technologies and

policies: The diverging literature

By Luis Mundaca, Mathilde Mansoz, Lena Neij and

Govinda R Timilsina

WPS 6564

Effects of Colombia’s social protection system

on workers’ choice between formal and informal

employment

By Adriana Camacho, Emily Conover and Alejandro

Hoyos

WPS 6563

Bank financing of SMEs in five Sub-Saharan African

countries: The role of competition, innovation, and the

government

By Gunhild Berg and Michael Fuchs

WPS 6562

Protecting public investment against shocks in the

West African economic and monetary union: Options

for fiscal rules and risk sharing

By Sebastien Dessus and Aristomene Varoudakis

WPS 6561

Poverty, malnutrition and vulnerability in Mali

By Patrick Eozenou, Dorsati Madani and Rob Swinkels

WPS 6560

From occupations to embedded skills: A cross-country

comparison

By Cristian Aedo, Jesko Hentschel, Javier Luque and

Martin Moreno

WPS 6559

Do infrastructure reforms reduce the effect of

corruption? Theory and evidence from Latin America

and the Caribbean

By Liam Wren-Lewis

WPS 6558

Multisectoral preventive health services in Sri Lanka:

Lessons for developing countries in providing public

goods in health

By Monica Das Gupta, K. C. S. Dalpatadu,

C. K. Shanmugarajah and H. M. S. S. D. Herath

WPS 6557

Top incomes and the measurement of inequality in

Egypt

By Vladimir Hlasny and Paolo Verme

WPS 6556

A mapping of labor mobility costs in developing

countries

By Erhan Artuc, Daniel Lederman and Guido Porto

WPS 6555

International lending, sovereign debt and joint liability:

An economic theory model for amending the treaty of

Lisbon

By Kaushik Basu and Joseph E. Stiglitz

WPS 6554

Infrastructure for growth and human development in

Pakistan: A simulation analysis of fiscal policy options

By Jouko Kinnunen and Hans Lofgren

WPS 6553

Urbanization and agglomeration benefits: Gender

differentiated impacts on enterprise creation in India’s

informal sector

By Ejaz Ghani, Ravi Kanbur and Stephen D. O’Connell

WPS 6552

Deconstructing the decline in inequality in Latin

America

By Nora Lustig, Luis F. Lopez-Calva and Eduardo Ortiz-

Juarez

WPS 6551

Factors influencing energy intensity in four Chinese

industries

By Karen Fisher-Vanden, Yong Hu, Gary Jefferson,

Michael Rock and Michael Toman

WPS 6550

From guesstimates to GPStimates: Land area

measurement and implications for agricultural analysis

By Calogero Carletto, Sydney Gourlay and Paul Winters

WPS 6549

A retrospective analysis of the house prices macro-

relationship in the United States

By Ibrahim Ahamada and Jose Luis Diaz Sanchez

WPS 6548

(Ineffective) messages to encourage recycling:

Evidence from a randomized evaluation in Peru

By Alberto Chong, Dean Karlan, Jeremy Shapiro and

Jonathan Zinman

WPS 6547

Collective action and community development:

Evidence from self-help groups in rural India

By Raj M. Desai and Shareen Joshi

20


WPS 6546

How does risk management influence production

decisions? Evidence from a field experiment

By Shawn Cole, Xavier Gine and James Vickery

WPS 6545

Gender differences in the effects of vocational training:

Constraints on women and drop-out behavior

By Yoonyoung Cho, Davie Kalomba, Ahmed Mushfiq

Mobarak and Victor Orozco

WPS 6544

Are mega-farms the future of global agriculture?

Exploring the farm size-productivity relationship

By Klaus Deininger, Denys Nizalov and Sudhir K Singh

WPS 6543

Welfare and poverty impacts of India’s national rural

employment guarantee scheme: Evidence from Andhra

Pradesh

By Klaus Deininger and Yanyan Liu

WPS 6542

China’s 2008 labor contract law: Implementation and

implications for China’s workers

By Mary Gallagher, John Giles, Albert Park and Meiyan

Wang

WPS 6541

Incentivizing schooling for learning: Evidence on the

impact of alternative targeting approaches

By Felipe Barrera-Osorio and Deon Filmer

WPS 6540

Impact evaluation of three types of early childhood

development interventions in Cambodia

By Adrien Bouguen, Deon Filmer, Karen Macours and

Sophie Naudeau

WPS 6539

Criss-crossing migration

By Aaditya Mattoo and Arvind Subramanian

WPS 6538

Do economic crises lead to health and nutrition

behavior responses? Analysis using longitudinal data

from Russia

By Zlatko Nikoloski and Mohamed Ihsan Ajwad

WPS 6537

The contribution of African women to economic

growth and development in post-colonial Africa:

Historical perspectives and policy implications

By Emmanuel Akyeampong and Hippolyte Fofack

WPS 6536

An expansion of a global data set on educational

quality: A focus on achievement in developing countries

By Noam Angrist, Harry Anthony Patrinos and Martin

Schlotter

WPS 6535

Food price spikes, price insulation, and poverty

By Kym Anderson, Maros Ivanic and Will Martin

WPS 6534

Resource reallocation and innovation: Converting

enterprise risks into opportunities

By Mark A. Dutz

WPS 6533

Determinants of job creation in eleven new EU

member states: Evidence from firm level data

By Harald Oberhofer and Gallina A Vincelette

WPS 6532

The impact of government support on firm R&D

investments: A meta-analysis

By Paulo Correa, Luis Andres and Christian Borja-Vega

WPS 6531

Solow in transition: macro and micro determinants of

savings in Armenia

By Souleymane Coulibaly and Mohamed Diaby

WPS 6530

Economic development as opportunity equalization

By John E. Roemer

WPS 6529

Labor market returns to early childhood stimulation:

A 20-year follow-up to an experimental intervention in

Jamaica

By Paul Gertler, James Heckman, Rodrigo Pinto and

et.al.

WPS 6528

The transmission of banking crises to households:

Lessons from the 2008-2011 crises in the ECA region

By Martin Brown

WPS 6527

Long-term impacts of household electrification in rural

India

By Dominique van de Walle, Martin Ravallion, Vibhuti

Mendiratta and Gayatri Koolwal

WPS 6526

It’s only words: Validating the CPIA governance

assessments

By Stephen Knack

WPS 6525

Explaining the last consumption boom-bust cycle in

Ireland: The role of news and noise shocks

By Jose Luis Diaz Sanchez

WPS 6524

An economic model of Brazil’s ethanol-sugar markets

and impacts of fuel policies

By Harry de Gorter, Erika M. Kliauga and Govinda R.

Timilsina

WPS 6523

A public strategy for compliance monitoring

By Varun Gauri, Jeffrey K. Staton and Jorge Vargas

Cullell

21


WPS 6522

Gender inequality in multidimensional welfare

deprivation in West Africa: The case of Burkina Faso

and Togo

By Akoete Ega Agbodji, Yele Maweki Batana and Denis

Ouedraogo

WPS 6521

Cooperation and reciprocity in carbon sequestration

contracts

By Paula Cordero Salas

WPS 6520

Trade and innovation in services: Evidence from a

developing economy

By Leonardo Iacovone, Aaditya Mattoo and Andres

Zahler

WPS 6519

Understanding the sources of spatial disparity and

convergence: Evidence from Bangladesh

By Forhad Shilpi

WPS 6518

The effect of product standards on agricultural exports

from developing countries

By Esteban Ferro, John S. Wilson and Tsunehiro Otsuki

WPS 6517

Stress-testing Africa’s recent growth and poverty

performance

By Shantayanan Devarajan, Delfin S. Go, Maryla

Maliszewska and et.al.

WPS 6516

Climate change in the Himalayas: Current state of

knowledge

By Mahesh R. Gautam, Govinda R. Timilsina and Kumud

Acharya

WPS 6515

How much does an increase in oil prices affect the

global economy? Some insights from a general

equilibrium analysis

By Govinda R. Timilsina

WPS 6514

Enduring impacts of aid quality on job choices: The

case of the 2004 tsunami in Aceh

By Manabu Nose

WPS 6513

Understanding child labor in Ghana beyond poverty

– the structure of the economy, social norms, and no

returns to rural basic education

By Alexander Krauss

WPS 6512

Increase in protectionism and its impact on Sri Lanka’s

performance in global markets

By Bartlomiej Kaminski and Francis Ng

WPS 6511

Connection charges and electricity access in Sub-

Saharan Africa

By Raluca Golumbeanu and Douglas Barnes

WPS 6510

Do elected councils improve governance?

Experimental evidence on local institutions in

Afghanistan

By Andrew Beath, Fotini Christia and Ruben Enikolopov

WPS 6509

Cost-effective estimation of the population mean using

prediction estimators

By Tomoki Fujii and Roy van der Weide

WPS 6508

The impact of consulting services on small and

medium enterprises: Evidence from a randomized trial

in Mexico

By Miriam Bruhn, Dean Karlan and Antoinette Schoar

WPS 6507

Entry regulation and formalization of microenterprises

in developing countries

By Miriam Bruhn and David McKenzie

WPS 6506

A global urban risk index

By Henrike Brecht, Uwe Deichmann and Hyoung Gun

Wang

WPS 6505

Resource discoveries, learning, and national income

accounting

By Kirk Hamilton and Giles Atkinson

WPS 6504

Measuring poverty dynamics with synthetic panels

based on cross-sections

By Hai-Anh Dang and Peter Lanjouw

WPS 6503

Designing contracts for reducing emissions from

deforestation and forest degradation

By Paula Cordero Salas

WPS 6502

Addressing additionality in REDD contracts when

formal enforcement is absent

By Paula Cordero Salas, Brian Roe and Brent Sohngen

WPS 6501

Aid, disbursement delays, and the real exchange rate

By Alexandra Jarotschkina and Aart Kraay

WPS 6500

Macroeconomic and distributional impacts of

Jatropha-based biodiesel in Mali

By Dorothee Boccanfuso, Massa Coulibaly, Govinda R.

Timilsina and Luc Savard

22


WPS 6499

Are biofuels economically competitive with their

petroleum counterparts? Production cost analysis for

Zambia

By Thomson Sinkala, Govinda R. Timilsina and Indira J.

Ekanayake

WPS 6498

Should Zambia produce biodiesel from soybeans?

Some insights from an empirical analysis

By Harry de Gorter, Dusan Drabik and Govinda R.

Timilsina

WPS 6497

Expanding social insurance coverage in urban China

By John Giles, Dewen Wang and Albert Park

WPS 6496

Impact evaluation of conflict prevention and

peacebuilding interventions

By Marie Gaarder and Jeannie Annan

WPS 6495

A resource allocation model for tiger habitat protection

By Susmita Dasgupta, Dan Hammer, Robin Kraft and

David Wheeler

WPS 6494

Powering up developing countries through

integration?

By Emmanuelle Auriol and Sara Biancini

Energy Efficiency: Scaling Up to Cut Costs And

Emissions

Submitted by S. Vijay Iyer

Energy is essential to heat homes and cook meals. It

is needed to deliver proper health care in hospitals

and to teach children. It is essential for economic growth

and development and for powering industries, farms

and businesses. It is at the heart of any effort to make

a better life possible for people all over the world, in

particular for the world’s poorest.

This is why energy efficiency is an important element

of the World Bank Group’s recent Energy Sector

Directions Paper. It is reflected in the Bank Group’s

growing energy efficiency portfolio. Lending for energy

efficiency work has increased, totaling $9.6 billion

for fiscal years 2008-2013, accounting for roughly 18

percent of all energy financing approved in that period.

Read more:

http://tinyurl.com/oww5z9w

Blogs

Rising Food Prices May Benefit Rural Poor

in India

Submitted by LTD Editors

In the last five years, higher food prices have provoked

government interventions in agricultural markets

across the globe, often in the name of protecting the

poor. But do higher food prices actually hurt the rural

poor?

In a recent working paper, Hanan Jacoby addresses this

question using a general-equilibrium trade model applied

at the district level. He finds that wages for manual labor

inside and outside of agriculture rose faster in rural Indian

districts growing more of the crops with large price run-

ups between 2004 and 2009. A welfare and distributional

analysis consistent with the theoretical model shows that

rural households across the income spectrum benefit

from higher food prices. Indeed, rural wage adjustment

appears to play a much greater role in protecting

the welfare of the poor than the Public Distribution

System, India’s giant food-rationing scheme. Moreover,

policies such as agricultural export bans, which insulate

producers and consumers from higher international

price, are particularly harmful to the rural poor. A partial

equilibrium welfare analysis, taking rural wages as fixed,

would lead to radically different conclusions.

Details:

http://tinyurl.com/ng38co2

23

◆ Annamalai University Annamalainagar

◆ Centre for Studies in Social Sciences Kolkata

◆ Giri Institute of Development Studies Lucknow

◆ Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics Pune

◆ Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar

◆ Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad

◆ Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi

◆ Institute of Development Studies Jaipur

◆ Institute of Economic Growth New Delhi

◆ Institute of Financial Management and Research Chennai

◆ Institute of Social and Economic Change Bangalore

◆ Karnataka University Dharwad

◆ Kerala University Library Thiruvananthapuram

◆ Centre for Economic and Social Studies Hyderabad

◆ Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur

◆ Punjabi University Patiala

◆ University of Bombay Mumbai

◆ Uttaranchal Academy of Administration Nainital

World Bank Depository

Libraries in India


Designed by Thoughtscape Design Studio, Delhi

and printed by Sona Printers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, September 2013

Public Information Center



New Delhi - 110 001, India

Tel: +91-11-4294 7000, Ext. 753

Contact: Sunita Malhotra


The World Bank Websites

Main: www.worldbank.org

India: www.worldbank.org.in

Facebook: www.facebook.com/

WorldBankIndia

Media Inquiries

The World Bank

70, Lodi Estate

New Delhi - 110 003

Contact: Sudip Mozumder


Tel: +91-11-4147 9220

Fax: +91-11-2461 9393

The World Bank in India VOL 12 / NO 2 • September 2013

Rights and Permissions: The material in this work is copyrighted.

No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,

recording, or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system,

without the prior written permission of the World Bank. The World Bank

encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission

promptly.

◆ Annamalai University Annamalainagar

◆ Centre for Studies in Social Sciences Kolkata

◆ Giri Institute of Development Studies Lucknow

◆ Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics Pune

◆ Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar

◆ Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad

◆ Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi

◆ Institute of Development Studies Jaipur

◆ Institute of Economic Growth New Delhi

◆ Institute of Financial Management and Research Chennai

◆ Institute of Social and Economic Change Bangalore

◆ Karnataka University Dharwad

◆ Kerala University Library Thiruvananthapuram

◆ Centre for Economic and Social Studies Hyderabad

◆ Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur

◆ Punjabi University Patiala

◆ University of Bombay Mumbai

◆ Uttaranchal Academy of Administration Nainital

World Bank Depository

Libraries in India


Designed by Thoughtscape Design Studio, Delhi

and printed by Sona Printers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, September 2013

Public Information Center



New Delhi - 110 001, India

Tel: +91-11-4294 7000, Ext. 753

Contact: Sunita Malhotra


The World Bank Websites

Main: www.worldbank.org

India: www.worldbank.org.in

Facebook: www.facebook.com/

WorldBankIndia

Media Inquiries

The World Bank

70, Lodi Estate

New Delhi - 110 003

Contact: Sudip Mozumder


Tel: +91-11-4147 9220

Fax: +91-11-2461 9393

The World Bank in India VOL 12 / NO 2 • September 2013

Rights and Permissions: The material in this work is copyrighted.

No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,

recording, or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system,

without the prior written permission of the World Bank. The World Bank

encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission

promptly.