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WorldBank

IN INDIA

THE

I N S I D E

MARCH 2016VOL 14 / NO 5

Road to Resilience trip across India’s coast 1-7

Development Dialogue: Women hold the key to growth 8-9

ICR Update: Rajasthan Water Sector Restructuring Project 10-11

Recent Project Approvals and Signings 12-13

New Additions to the Public Information Center 14-23

Contact Information 24

About the photograph: World Bank team meets children of Gollavooru village in Andhra Pradesh during their Road to Resilience road journey

Photograph by Ankur Nagar

Between January 10 and February 15, 2016, a World Bank team

undertook a 10,000 kilometer bus trip along the entire Indian

coastline. The ‘Road to Resilience’ initiative as it was called travelled

through all the ten coastal states of mainland India to raise awareness

about the need to mitigate risks from cyclones and related disasters

and build long-term climate resilience along the country’s vast coastline.

Starting from Kolkata in West Bengal, the team covered six coastal

disaster management and climate resilience projects that are being

supported by the World Bank and the Global Facility for Disaster

World Bank undertakes 10,000 km road journey across India’s coastline

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The World Bank in India • March 201612

Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) to the tune

of $1.3 billion.

They visited cyclone shelters, reconstructed

housing, evacuation roads and bridges,

coastal embankments, underground electrical

cabling, fish landing centers, fishing harbors,

and early warning systems that were being

established under these projects, and

even visited a zoo and ecological park that

was being rehabilitated. Along the way,

they discussed the issue of disasters with

graduate students and secondary and

primary school students, especially in remote

areas, and asked them if they knew what to

do if a disaster occurred.

The exterior of the bus was specially

designed with disaster management

messages in a number of different languages.

The team ended up staying in 30 different

locations over a 35-day period. “The trip

allowed us to experience the entire program

as being greater than the sum of its parts,”

said Saurabh Dani, Senior Disaster Risk

Management Specialist at the World Bank.

The projects covered included the National

Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project, Odisha

Disaster Recovery Project, Andhra Pradesh

Disaster Recovery Project, and the Coastal

Disaster Risk Reduction Project.

The last stop of the 35-day bus journey was

in Bhuj, Gujarat, where fifteen years ago a

devastating earthquake had flattened the city

and the villages around.

2

The last stop of the 35-day bus journey was in Bhuj, Gujarat, where 15 years ago a devastating earthquake had flattened the city

The World Bank in India • March 2016 12 3

On the bright winter morning of 26th

January, 2001, as India celebrated

its Republic Day, a massive earthquake

measuring 6.7 on the Richter Scale shook the

Kutch region of eastern Gujarat. The shock

waves spread across the state, causing

massive devastation as far away Ahmedabad,

some 250 km from the epicenter.

The two minutes of upheaval caused colossal

loss of life and property. Nearly 14,000 lives

were lost, some 160,000 people were injured,

and over a million homes were damaged

or destroyed. The ancient city of Bhuj was

flattened, its hospital reduced to rubble, and

nearby towns and villages devastated.

For those who survived, the event was

seared indelibly in memory. “It was a moment

of life and death,” recalled Anup Karanth,

an engineering student in Ahmedabad at

that time. “Our building shook violently

and I couldn’t rush out,” he recounted,

remembering the fear that gripped him as

he lay trapped on the fourth floor. “I didn’t

know whether to run to the terrace or to the

ground so I made my way to the first floor

and jumped, hoping I wouldn’t be hit by a

collapsing building.”

While Karanth escaped with cuts and bruises,

many of his friends were not so lucky.

“That moment changed my life,” Karanth

recalled. He went on to conduct a damage

assessment of buildings in Ahmedabad

city and now specializes in disaster risk

management at the World Bank.

The event shook the state administration

too. “Luckily schools were closed, otherwise

a whole generation of children would have

been wiped out,” recalled Shyamal Sarkar

who oversaw the World Bank’s support for

reconstruction to the state.

Not surprisingly, even while the massive

reconstruction effort was underway, Gujarat

became one of the first states in the country

– along with cyclone-prone Odisha – to work

proactively towards disaster management.

Gujarat became one of the first states in the country – along with cyclone-prone Odisha – to work proactively towards disaster management

Gujarat Reconstruction

The earthquake that shook Gujarat on January 26, 2001 served as a severe wake-up call. Since then, Gujarat has become one of the first states in the country to work proactively towards disaster risk mitigation and management. The impact of this work is now evident on the ground.


underway, part of the regular regimen of

mock drills that are now conducted in all

schools across Gujarat, including in rural

schools, to promote safety.

Thirteen year old Vijay Manubhai Maharaj,

a student of Class 8 in Bhimasar Primary

School, says he enjoys these drills that take

place five to six times each year. “When the

bell rings we rush to the assembly point and,

when the rescue teams arrive, we guide them

to where our classmates may be trapped,”

he said.

“Thanks to these drills, the people of

the village too know what to do in an

emergency,” adds Mr. Harsukh M. Pampania,

who teaches Class 5 in Bhimasar.

Assessing vulnerabilityThe earthquake served as a wake-up call.

It prompted the state government to work

assiduously towards making Gujarat one of

the lowest-risk investment destinations in the

country in terms of disaster.

With support from the World Bank’s Gujarat

Emergency Earthquake Reconstruction

Project (GEERP), the state established

three nodal institutions dedicated solely to

disaster preparedness and management: the

Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority

(GSDMA), the Institute of Seismological

Research (ISR), and the Gujarat Institute of

Disaster Management (GIDM).

Given the large-scale development planned

Promoting mock drills in schoolsA long bell sounds in a small rural school

in Bhimasar village. The constant ringing

denotes an emergency. A teacher’s voice

booms across the loudspeaker and children

rush out of classrooms, thick books covering

their heads. An earthquake and fire drill is

Regular mock earthquake and fire drills are now conducted in all schools across Gujarat


across the state, the GSDMA developed

a detailed hazard map to assess the

vulnerability levels of all its 25 districts and

226 talukas. The Hazard Risk and Vulnerability

Atlas – the first of its kind in the country –

assesses vulnerability to six different kinds

of disasters: earthquakes, tsunamis, floods,

cyclones, and droughts and, to chemical and

industrial hazards as well.

Based on this atlas, the GSDMA has advised

Gujarat’s major cities to change their land-

use planning and building bye-laws to ensure

that all new construction is safe. Government

departments have also been instructed

to retrofit public buildings to appropriate

standards.

“While we may not be able to prevent a

disaster, we can certainly reduce the loss

of life and property by building houses and

infrastructure to disaster-resilient standards,

preparing communities, and equipping

ourselves to respond swiftly should a disaster

occur,” said Anju Sharma, CEO of GSDMA.

Promoting earthquake safetyIdentifying earthquake risk is of particular

relevance in Gujarat, where the Kutch region

falls within the highest seismic category –

Seismic Zone V – and experiences some 200-

300 tremors a month.

The Institute of Seismological Research

(ISR) now measures tremors round the clock

through a dense network of over 60 seismic

stations, 50 of which are located in the Kutch

region alone. “Earlier, it took about three

hours to learn of an earthquake,” said Sumer

Chopra, ISR director. “Now we get to know

within 2-3 minutes and are able to inform the

NDMA within 10 minutes.”

ISR has also estimated site-specific seismic

risks for a series of Gujarat’s major industrial

installations – ports and jetties, nuclear power

plants, gas pipelines, chemical facilities, the

petrochemical complex at Mundhra port, GIFT

city, and a 15-storey hospital in Ahmedabad.

The institute also carries out micro-zonation

studies to help determine which parts of

densely populated towns and cities are safe

for high-rise buildings – where one can build

only one or two stories, and where it is safe

to go higher. Studies have been conducted

for Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar, as well

as for the port-cum-industrial complex at

Gandhidham - Kandla, and the Dholera

Special Investment Region. Work is currently

underway for Surat and Bharuch, and is

proposed to be done for Jamnagar, one of the

state’s most industrialized towns.

In recognition of its expertize, the Government

of India has requested ISR to identify the

seismic risks in 30 major Indian cities that

have a population of over one million and fall

within a high-risk seismic zone.

“We know what to do to ensure an

earthquake-safe country,” sums up Dr M Ravi

Kumar, Director General and distinguished

scientist at ISR, “Now it is important to

make it happen. This will require a marriage

between the scientists who determine the

degree of earthquake risk a particular area

faces, the engineers who construct buildings

in that area, and the policy makers whose role

it is to enforce the building codes. All three

must play their part.”

Institute of Seismological Research (ISR) now measures tremors round the clock through a dense network of over 60 seismic stations


In addition to the three nodal institutions, the

World Bank project also helped Gujarat set

up Regional Emergency Response Centers

(ERC) in Ahmedabad, Gandhidham, Rajkot,

Surat, and Vadodara, enabling them to fan

out to disaster-struck populations in their

hinterland without delay.

The project has also revamped the state’s

fire services who, like their counterparts

across the world, are tasked with emergency

search and rescue operations. “Before

the earthquake, we did not have modern

equipment,” said M.N. Dastoor, Chief Fire

Officer in Ahmedabad. Dastoor is one of three

generations in a family that have devoted

their lives to helping people in emergencies;

his father was one of the earliest fire-fighters

in the country, with a career that began in

1958, and his son is now training for the same

profession.

Dastoor recounts the progress the

Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Fire &

Emergency services have made since the

day of that fateful quake: “We now have mini

fire tenders that can navigate the narrow

lanes of the old city, special breathing

apparatus to go into smoke and gas filled

rooms, thermal imaging devices and remote

sensing equipment to search for survivors,

airboats that can operate in flooded areas,

and are able to tackle chemical, electrical and

hydrocarbon fires. We have also helped other

states in times of disaster – after Kosi floods

Emergency responseThen, should a disaster occur, the district

administration, whose duty it is to provide the

first response, needs to be trained to respond

without delay. Today, the Gujarat Institute

of Disaster Management (GIDM) trains

government officials – at both the state and

district level – in disaster preparedness and

mitigation. The institute, the first of its kind

in India, has also trained officials from other

states as well as from a number of SAARC

nations.

The state’s fire services, who are tasked with emergency search and rescue operations have also been revamped


in Bihar in 2008, floods in Rajasthan twice,

and the Karnataka floods of 2009.”

But while Dastoor is proud of his team’s

dedication, skill and expertize, he emphasizes

the need to upgrade the equipment that

was provided to them over a decade ago.

“It is when you go out to save others in an

emergency, often risking your life to do so, that

you wish the equipment you have to depend

upon was newer and more reliable. We also

need state of the art training centers with

training modules,” he said.

Gujarat has indeed taken pioneering steps to

keep its people and assets safe in the event of

a disaster. But, given rapid urbanization and

the advent of new industries, constant vigil

and regular upgradation of equipment and

skills will be needed to mount a successful

response should another mammoth quake

shake the region or any other kind of disaster

occur.

Much the same now needs to be done in the

rest of the country. “Like Gujarat, the northern

and north-east region of India are extremely

vulnerable to earthquakes and a lot of similar

initiatives can be undertaken proactively

across these states in order to better protect

lives and respond effectively, in case there is

an earthquake,” said Saurabh Dani, Saurabh

Dani, Senior Disaster Risk Management

Specialist at the World Bank.

(Change background colour as needed)

While Gujarat has taken pioneering steps to keep its people and assets safe, much the same now needs to be done in the rest of the country


Women hold the key to growth

Development Dialogue

The change in the global economy can be positive provided India focuses on two key areas – boosting the competitiveness of its manufacturing and services sectors, and leveraging women’s talent, says Onno Ruhl, World Bank Country Director in India and Frederico Gil Sander, Senior Country Economist, World Bank, India

Amid concerns over the global economy’s

recent lack of stamina, India has

emerged like Rahul “the Wall” Dravid to

stabilize the batting line.

In 2015, global growth slowed to 2.4 per cent

and, for 2016, the World Bank has predicted

a modest pick-up to 2.9 per cent. Against

this backdrop, the Reserve Bank of India

has reaffirmed its forecast that India’s GDP

would grow 7.4 per cent in 2015/16. It has

also marked down its 2016/17 forecast to a

still-respectable 7.6 per cent. We at the World

Bank have made similar forecasts, suggesting

India will grow 4.5 to 5 percentage points

faster than the global economy!

This doesn’t mean that the challenging global

conditions will not impact India. In the short

term, the game will undoubtedly be a difficult

one. But we would like to focus on the longer

term. The changes in the global economy can

be positive provided India focuses on two

key areas - boosting the competitiveness of

its manufacturing and services sectors, and

leveraging women’s talent.

The sluggish international growth does not

come as a surprise. In 2015, advanced

economies mostly performed in line with

expectations. The deceleration in the Chinese

economy, on the other hand, has been

more substantial than projected. What does

this mean for India and its ability to sustain

growth in the coming years?

In the short run, slower growth in China is

associated with excess global capacity.

For India, excess capacity in commodities

is good news, while excess capacity in

manufacturing helps explain why trade and

private investment have fallen short.

Beyond the short term, the rebalancing

of China’s economy will open up big

opportunities for India. Consumption growth


in China remains strong, with the potential

to create significant demand for Indian

goods and services. Prospects for domestic

demand in India are possibly even better

than in China, and this, coupled with China’s

shrinking workforce and slower pace of

investments, creates an opportunity for India

to fill the gap.

India has recently given much attention

to attracting investments. The success

of its series of initiatives – Make in

India, Skill India and Start-up India –

will depend on the country’s ability to

increase its competitiveness. Importantly,

‘competitiveness’ doesn’t only mean

improving the country’s standing in the

‘Doing Business’ indicators. While a better

regulatory environment is important, it will

be equally important to improve transport

and communications infrastructure; ensure

reliable and clean electricity; and enable the

financial sector to finance investments. Also,

as the World Bank’s latest India Development

Update highlights, implementing the national

Goods and Services Tax is likely to lead to a

leap in India’s competitiveness.

Most importantly, the role that women play

in boosting growth is often overlooked.

Researchers David Cuberes and Marc Teigner

estimate that India could boost its per capita

income by 33 per cent if it closes the gender

gap in economic participation. These gains

would come from two sources – about

two-thirds from closing the gap in labor

market participation and the remaining from

eliminating barriers to entrepreneurship.

According to the 2015 Female

Entrepreneurship Index, India ranks 70 out

of 77 countries surveyed for conditions that

foster women’s entrepreneurship, suggesting

ample room for improvement. Getting

more women into the labor force requires

investment in girls’ education, better child-

care options, and attention to women’s

safety in large urban areas. As our colleagues

Urmila Chatterjee, Rinku Murgai and Martin

Rama argue in a recent paper, Indian cities

face a critical jobs deficit that affects women

disproportionately. More flexible and part-time

jobs need to be created to match women’s

needs – and a big part of the solution is to

have more women creating those jobs.

To seize the opportunity to grow faster

than the rest of the world, India will need to

continue its efforts to boost competitiveness

and leverage the talent of its women.

This article was originally published

in Business Today magazine on

March 13, 2016

9


E-Delivery of Public Services

Development Policy Loan

Approval Date: 31 March, 2011

Closing Date: 30 June, 2012

Total Project Cost US$ 9 billion

Bank Financing: US$ 150 million

Implementing Agency:

Government of India

Outcome: Moderately Satisfactory

Risk to Development Outcome:

Moderate

Overall Bank Performance:

Moderately Satisfactory

Overall Borrower Performance:

Moderately Satisfactory

This is a short summary of the Implementation Completion Report (ICR) of a recently- closed World Bank project. The full text of the ICR is available on the Bank’s website.

To access this document, go to www.worldbank.org/reference/ and then opt for the Documents & Reports section.

ICR Update

Context

Electronics and Information Technology

(IT) has been the fastest growing segment

of Indian industry and has consistently

contributed to economic growth in India.

The Indian IT and IT-enabled service industry

continues to grow five times as fast as the

global IT services industry. The industry is

supported by a large skilled manpower base

across the country and there is active and

healthy competition amongst states to attract

investments in infrastructure as well as to

establish software parks. The World Bank

invested in India’s National e-Governance

Plan (“NeGP”) aimed at strengthening and

deploying IT capacity to improve the quality

and efficiency of public service delivery.

Objectives

The overarching development objective of

the Development Policy Loan (DPL) was to

E-Delivery of Public Services Development Policy Loan

10


increase access to online services by citizens

in their localities. The DPL aimed to do this

through supporting policy and institutional

actions which included strengthening

states’ institutions in e-governance, develop

technical standards, improve access to

services by using mobile platforms and

increasing the pace of internet penetration;

facilitate increased participation of users

in design and evaluation of e-governance

projects and improve service orientation of

government processes and officials.

The original design of the project was a multi-

year programmatic DPL but was altered to a

single tranche single year DPL.

Achievements

Nearly 1,776 e-services were implemented

(against a target of 1,500) at state-level

institutions, of which 237 (against target of

180) were implemented in less advanced

states. Over 143 e-services were provided

using certified systems, almost double the

target of 75, reflecting a marked improvement

in achieving the outcome of raising reliability

and inter-operability of government systems.

Nearly 15 million broadband connections

with 95,000 service access points were

set-up in panchayats across states. About

239 services were delivered using the mobile

platform which far surpassed the target of

100 e-services.

The implementation of e-services at the state

level resulted in cost savings and efficiency

improvement, and the village level focus of

the NeGP helped to ensure that the poor

benefited from the program.

A strong state example was the e-governance

program in Madhya Pradesh (MP), one of the

low-income states. The MP government has

implemented an e-procurement system for

all government departments and state public

service units. This system has engaged

90 departments and involved more than

38,812 online procurements totaling Rs.

764.56 crores. The government of MP has

documented the reduction in the number

of procurement transactions, administrative

processing, and other inefficiencies and

leakages which were linked to manual

processes often involving personal discretion.

The system has improved transparency and

governance processes, benefiting small

business players. MP has also established

Common Service Centers (CSCs) called

MP Online and Lok Seva Kendra, which are

providing public services (related to social

protection, pension, birth and caste, and

others) and private financial services. Another

example of MP’s e-governance program is

the computerization of service delivery in

the Food and Supplies Department. MP’s

“e-Upaarjan” (computerization of wheat

procurement) provides farmers with a number

of services like procurement forecasting,

real time alerts, and other information

tailored to specific needs of farmers. This

system has resulted in economic and social

improvements to registered farmers.

Lessons Learnt

● The National e-Governance Program

(NeGP) is a useful governance-oriented

model for countries modernizing their

service delivery processes. India’s

approach went far beyond a narrow ICT

orientation by placing citizen access and

service delivery efficiency at the heart of

the reform.

● Design of strong outcome indicators for a

DPL is challenging because of the long-

term, conceptual nature of outcomes.

Nevertheless, in service delivery projects,

citizens and users are often the best to

gauge progress.

● Due to the critical linkage between

governance and citizens (in particular

poor and marginalized citizens),

governance projects should adopt a

standard practice of using outcome

indicators which are based on user/citizen

feedback mechanisms. E-governance

projects which utilize ICT as a means

of implementing reforms should be in

the forefront of showcasing low-cost

accessible technology usage to measure

user satisfaction related to service

delivery.



Recent Project Approvals

12

Recent Project Signings

Citizen Access to Responsive Services Project

The World Bank Board has approved

a US$ 35 million credit for the Citizen

Access to Responsive Services Project to

improve access to selected public services

for the people of Madhya Pradesh (MP),

particularly those belonging to disadvantaged

groups.This Project will provide support

to the Government of Madhya Pradesh to

expand the number of services under the

2010 Public Services Guarantee Act, open

Lok Seva Kendras (LSKs) in underserved

and remote areas, streamline government

procedures and reach out to citizens so they

all benefit from access to key public services

“anywhere, anytime” through transparent

and accountable governance as per the

government’s “Vision 2018”.

Jhelum and Tawi Flood Recovery Project

The Government of India and the World

Bank have signed a US$ 250 million

credit agreement under the Jhelum and Tawi

Flood Recovery Project for reconstruction

and recovery support in flood-affected areas

in which public infrastructure and livelihoods

were impacted severely. It will also strengthen

the capacity of the state government to

respond to and better manage natural

disasters in the future.

The credit agreement for the project was

signed by Raj Kumar, Joint Secretary,

Department of Economic Affairs on behalf

of the Government of India and Onno Ruhl,

World Bank Country Director, India on behalf

of the World Bank.

The Project will focus on the 20 flood-

affected districts, viz. Anantnag, Baramula,

Budgam, Bandipora, Ganderbal, Kupwara,

Kulgam, Pulwama, Shopian, Srinagar,

Jammu, Samba, Kathua, Reasi, Doda,

Kishtwar, Ramban, Poonch, Rajauri and

Udhampur.

The Project will help rebuild damaged

public buildings, such as hospitals, schools,

higher education buildings, fire stations, and

selected block and district offices, and other

important public buildings. It will restore

and improve the connectivity disrupted

by reconstruction of damaged roads and

bridges. The infrastructure will be re-designed

to withstand earthquake and floods as per

the latest official design guidelines.

The Project will also focus on disaster risk

mitigation, including preparation of a Hydro-

Meteorological Resilience Action Plan with

a focus on extreme weather events; river

morphology study for some key rivers

impacted by the disaster; and an urban

vulnerability assessment among others.

Neeranchal National Watershed Project


Bank have signed a US$ 178.50 million

credit for the Neeranchal National Watershed

Project to improve watershed management

in rural rain fed areas. The credit agreement

for the Project was signed by Raj Kumar,

Joint Secretary, Department of Economic

Affairs on behalf of the Government of India

and Onno Ruhl, World Bank Country Director,

India on behalf of the World Bank.





PMKSY, including the central Department of

Land Resources (DoLR) and the State Level

Nodal Agencies (SLNAs) for more effective

planning, implementation, monitoring and

evaluation of their programs. It will support

the preparation of integrated science-based,

participatory watershed plans with a greater

focus on water management.

13

Nai Manzil: Education and Skills Training for Minorities Project


Bank have signed a US$ 50 million credit

for the Nai Manzil: Education and Skills

Training for Minorities Project to help young

people from minority communities complete

their education and gain from market-driven

training programs with the aim of improving

their employment outcomes.

The Project will support the Government of

India’s national Nai Manzil (New Horizon)

Scheme, a comprehensive education and

skills development program for youth

from minority communities, launched in

August this year. The Project will reach

out to disadvantaged youth from minority

communities and support their enrolment in

open schooling, as well as provide hands-on

vocational training. It will also provide post-

placement support to assist them in finding

sustainable employment.

Telangana Rural Inclusive Growth Project

The Government of India, the Government

of Telangana, and the World Bank have

signed a US$ 75 million credit agreement for

the Telangana Rural Inclusive Growth Project

to enhance the agricultural incomes of small

and marginal farmers in the state, and ensure

increased access to services related to health,

nutrition, sanitation and social entitlements.

The credit agreement for the Project was

signed by Raj Kumar, Joint Secretary,

Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of

Finance, Government of India on behalf of

the Government of India; K P Harish Kumar,

Deputy Secretary, Department of Rural

Development on behalf of the Government

of Telangana; and Onno Ruhl, World Bank

Country Director, India on behalf of the World

Bank.

The project will work closely with the

panchayats in 150 mandals (cluster of villages

across gram panchayats), especially on

last mile service delivery issues, establish

technology-enabled “One Stop Shops” at the

panchayat level, and strengthen their role as

an interface between citizens and suppliers of

crucial social services.




The Government of India has launched

Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana

(PMKSY) to achieve convergence of

investments in irrigation at the field level.

The Project, to be implemented over a six-

year period, would strengthen the capacity

of the key national and state level institutions

implementing the watershed component on


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This is a select listing of recent World Bank publications, working papers, operational documents and other information resources that are now available at the New Delhi Office

Public Information Center. Policy Research Working Papers, Project Appraisal Documents, Project Information Documents and other reports can be downloaded in pdf format from ‘Documents and Reports’ at www.worldbank.org

New Additions to the Public Information Center

India Publications

India: Policy Research Working Papers

Teacher Performance in Bihar, India: Implications for

Education

By Shabnam Sinha, Rukmini Banerji and Wilima

Wadhwa

Available: On-line

Published: January 2016

English; Pages 90

ISBN: 978-1-4648-0739-8

e-ISBN: 978-1-4648-0740-4

This study undertaken by the ASER Center of Pratham

explores a set of interrelated factors that influence

how teachers teach. Designed as a series of data

collection exercises that were conducted between

July 2013 and December 2014, the study covered 400

schools and over 2200 teachers. It uses teacher surveys

and classroom and school observation methods. It

evaluates teachers’ subject matter knowledge, ability

to communicate as well as their ability to learn from

children’s work. The findings generated by the study

provide significant inputs and suggestions for designing

future teacher training and teacher professional

development programs. The research potentially has

utility not only in India but more widely to influence

teacher policy reform, identifying cost effective financing

strategies, and developing accountability measures for

effective management of teacher education.

WPS 7569

Capital flows and central banking: The Indian

experience

By Poonam Gupta

Because of the steady liberalization of the capital

account since the early 1990s and increased financial

integration of the Indian economy, capital flows to India

have moved in tandem with broad global trends.

This paper looks at the extent to which India’s monetary

policy has been affected by the ebbs and flows of the

capital it receives. For ease of narration, the paper

14

The World Bank in India • March 2016 15

divides the post-liberalization period since the early

1990s into three phases – early 1990s to early 2000s,

a period of increasing but still modest capital flows; early

2000s to 2007-08, a period of capital flow surge when

inflows increased rapidly; and a period of sudden stops

and volatility, starting in 2008-09, when capital flows

reversed in the post-Lehman Brothers collapse, and

again during the tapering tantrum of 2013.

The paper shows that although ordinarily domestic

policy imperatives, such as price stability and growth,

have taken precedence over issues related to exchange

rate or capital flows in policy rate setting, some

accommodation in money supply is evident during the

surge and stop episodes.

WPS 7568

Growth, urbanization, and poverty reduction in India

By Gaurav Datt, Martin Ravallion and Rinku Murgai

Longstanding development issues are revisited in

the light of a newly-constructed data set of poverty

measures for India spanning 60 years, including 20

years since reforms began in earnest in 1991. The study

finds a downward trend in poverty measures since 1970,

with an acceleration post-1991, despite rising inequality.

Faster poverty decline came with higher growth

and a more pro-poor pattern of growth. Post-1991

data suggest stronger inter-sectoral linkages: urban

consumption growth brought gains to the rural as well

as the urban poor, and the primary-secondary-tertiary

composition of growth has ceased to matter, as all three

sectors contributed to poverty reduction.

WPS 7551

Managing food price volatility in a large open

country: The case of wheat in India

By Christophe Gouel, Madhur Gautam and William J.

Martin

India has pursued an active food security policy for

many years, using a combination of trade policy

interventions, public distribution of food staples, and

assistance to farmers through minimum support prices

defended by public stocks. This policy has been quite

successful in stabilizing staple food prices, but at a

high cost, and with potential risks of unmanageable

stock accumulation. Based on rational expectations,

this paper analyzes the cost and welfare implications of

this policy and unpacks the contribution of its different

elements.

WPS 7547

A detailed anatomy of factor misallocation in India

By Gilles Duranton, Syed Ejaz Ghani, Arti Grover

Goswami and William Robert Kerr

The paper finds that factor and output misallocation

across districts is at least as important as misallocation

within districts.

Second, the analysis shows that labor plays a

fundamental role for misallocation in services, whereas

land is the determining factor in manufacturing.

Third, the paper expands our earlier work on the effects

of policies on misallocation by looking at a much

broader range of policies, and finds strong evidence of

their effects on misallocation.

Finally, the paper takes steps towards the identification

of the causal effect of misallocation on output per

worker by developing a novel instrumental variable

approach and a simulation approach that allows for

checking the consistency of the empirical results.

WPS 7526

Tenure security premium in informal housing

markets: A spatial hedonic analysis

By Shohei Nakamura

This study focuses on the city of Pune, India, where

government agencies have formalized slums by legally

ensuring the occupancy of the residents under “slum

declaration.” Applying a hedonic price model to an

original household survey, this paper investigates how

slum residents evaluate formalized land tenure. The

findings suggest that the assurance of occupancy rights

is a vital component of land-tenure formalization policy

even if it does not directly provide full property rights.

WPS 7513

Toward a more business friendly tax regime: Key

challenges in South Asia

By Anna Reva

This paper discusses competitiveness-related issues

surrounding the design and administration of corporate

and value added/sales taxes in four South Asian

countries – Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

The paper is based largely on analysis of tax legislation;

in addition, data from the World Bank’s enterprise

surveys, the Doing Business report, as well as industry

studies are used for evidence on tax compliance costs

for business. The review of tax regulations in the region

shows several commonalities:

(1) widespread use of tax incentives to support selected

industries, types of firms, and industrial locations;

(2) many exemptions from value-added taxes as well as

the practice of levying multiple indirect taxes on the

same base; and

(3) high costs of tax compliance for businesses.

The paper discusses the consequences of tax policies

for the competitiveness of South Asian producers,

describes the main problems in tax administration, and

outlines key directions for reforms.


World Development Report 2016: Digital Dividends

By World Bank

Available: On-line


English; 376 Pages

ISBN: 978-1-4648-0671-1

e-ISBN: 978-1-4648-0672-8

Digital technologies are

spreading rapidly, but

digital dividends—the

broader benefits of faster

growth, more jobs, and better services—are not. The

World Development Report 2016 shows that while

the digital revolution has forged ahead, its “analog

complements”—the regulations that promote entry and

competition, the skills that enable workers to access

and then leverage the new economy, and the institutions

that are accountable to citizens—have not kept

pace. And when these analog complements to digital

investments are absent, the development impact can be

disappointing.

What, then, should countries do? They should formulate

digital development strategies that are much broader

than current information and communication technology

(ICT) strategies. They should create a policy and

institutional environment for technology that fosters

the greatest benefits. In short, they need to build a

strong analog foundation to deliver digital dividends to

everyone, everywhere.

Live Long and Prosper: Aging in East Asia and

Pacific

By World Bank

Available: On-line

Published: December 2015

English; 284 Pages

ISBN: 978-1-4648-0469-4

e-ISBN: 978-1-4648-0470-0

Live Long and Prosper

discusses the societal and

public policy challenges

and reform options for East

Asia and Pacific (EAP) countries as they address aging.

It aims to strike a balance between aging optimists

and pessimists. On the one hand, the impacts of aging

on growth, labor markets and public spending are not

the unavoidable catastrophe often feared. However,

minimizing the downside risks of aging and ensuring

healthy and productive aging will require proactive

public policy, political leadership, and new mindsets

across society.

The report reviews the evidence on demographic

transition in EAP and its potential macroeconomic

impact. It addresses the current policy environment

including pensions and social security, health, and

long-term care and labor markets to assess the risks of

‘business as usual’.

Global Economic Prospects, January 2016

By World Bank

Available: On-line


English; 284 Pages

ISBN: 978-1-4648-0675-9

e-ISBN: 978-1-4648-0676-6

The January 2016 edition of

Global Economic Prospects

discusses current global

and regional economic

developments and prospects, analyzing key challenges

and opportunities confronting developing countries.

This volume addresses, among other topics, spillovers

from large emerging markets and macroeconomic

vulnerabilities during resource development.

The Little Data Book on Gender 2016

By World Bank

Available: On-line


English; 244 Pages

ISBN: 978-1-4648-0556-1

e-ISBN: 978-1-4648-0557-8

This guide is a quick reference

for users interested in gender

statistics. The book presents

gender-disaggregated data

for more than 200 economies

in an easy country-by-country

reference on demography, education, health, labor

force, political participation and the Millennium

Development Goals.

Exploring a Low-Carbon Development Path for

Vietnam

By Pierre Audinet, Bipul

Singh, Duane T. Kexel,

Suphachol Suphachalasai,

Pedzi Makumbe and

Kristy Mayer

Available: On-line


English; 156 Pages

ISBN: 978-1-4648-0719-0

e-ISBN: 978-1-4648-0720-6

Other Publications


Bringing together a large set of data and building on

two years of consultations in Vietnam with government

counterparts, research organizations, state-owned

enterprises, private sector and Vietnam international

development partners, the report formulates two

scenarios to explore and analyze Vietnam’s options up

to the year 2030: a business as usual and a low carbon

development scenario.

Based on a thorough data modeling effort for the key

carbon emitting sectors of Vietnam, the report also

provides some policy guidance for the government’s

consideration.

International Debt Statistics 2016

By World Bank

Available: On-line


English; 186 Pages

ISBN: 978-1-4648-0681-0

e-ISBN: 978-1-4648-0682-7

International Debt Statistics

(IDS) 2016 (formerly Global

Development Finance)

provides statistical tables

showing the external debt of 125 developing countries

that report public and publicly guaranteed external

debt to the World Bank’s Debtor Reporting System

(DRS). IDS 2016 draws on a database maintained by

the World Bank External Debt (WBXD) system. Longer

time series and more detailed data are available from

the World Bank open databases, which contain more

than 200 time series indicators, covering the years

1970 to 2014 for most reporting countries, and pipeline

data for scheduled debt service payments on existing

commitments to 2020.

World Bank Group Support to Public-Private

Partnerships: Lessons from Experience in Client

Countries, FY02-12

By World Bank

Available: On-line


English; 226 Pages

ISBN: 978-1-4648-0630-8

e-ISBN: 978-1-4648-0631-5

The use of PPPs has

increased in the last two

decades; they are now used

in more than 134 developing

countries, contributing about 15-20 percent of total

infrastructure investment.

The Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) has assessed

how effective the World Bank Group has been in helping

countries use PPPs. In the evaluation, IEG examines

the relevance of Bank Group support, how successful

projects were, how the Bank Group coordinated

support among its business lines (support to the public

sector versus the private sector), and how it compares

with the experience of other multilateral development

banks with PPP support. IEG distills lessons to apply

to the Bank Group’s support of PPPs. Finally, IEG

presents six recommendations that apply to both the

organizational and the operational aspects of this work.

The World Bank Group’s Partnership with the Global

Environment Facility

By World Bank

Available: On-line

Published: November 2015

English; Pages 246

ISBN: 978-1-4648-0220-1

e-ISBN: 978-1-4648-0221-8

Independent Evaluation

Group Studies

The World Bank Group was

a principal founding partner

of the Global Environment

Facility (GEF) in its pilot phase in 1991, and of the

restructured GEF in 1994.

Focusing primarily on the role of the Bank as an

implementing agency, this review documents how the

partnership that the GEF and the World Bank Group

established in the early 1990s has evolved over time,

offers explanations for observed changes, and draws a

number of lessons.

Benchmarking Public Procurement 2016: Assessing

Public Procurement Systems in 77 Economies

By World Bank

Available: On-line

Published: November 2015

English; 154 Pages

ISBN: 978-1-4648-0726-8

e-ISBN: 978-1-4648-0727-5

Public procurement

accounts for around

one-fifth of global gross

domestic product (GDP).

The report is organized under two parts: the public

procurement life cycle and the complaint and reporting

mechanisms indicators. Data was gathered using

standardized questionnaires distributed to expert

contributors in each economy.

The project builds on the Doing Business methodology

and aims to promote evidence-based decision making

by governments and shed light over areas where few

empirical data have been presented so far.


Citizen-Centric Service Delivery Reform Assam

Date 12 February 2016

Project ID P150308

Report No. PIDA54537 (Project Information

Document- Appraisal Stage)

SFg1771 (Indigenous Peoples Plan)

Himachal Pradesh Horticulture Development Project


Project ID P151744



SFG1776, SFG1759, SFG1700

(Environmental Assessment)

ISDSA16143 (Integrated Safeguards

Data Sheet – Appraisal Stage)

ISDSC8646 (Integrated Safeguards

Data Sheet – Concept Stage)

National Ganga River Basin Project


Project ID P119085

Report No. SFG1764 (Environmental Assessment)

SFG1690 (Environmental Assessment)

SFG1746 (Resettlement Plan)

Madhya Pradesh Higher Education Quality

Improvement Project

Date 19 January 2016

Project ID P150394

Report No. 102816 (Procurement Plan)

Capacity Building for Industrial Pollution

Management Project


Project ID P091031

Report No. ISDSR16649 (Integrated Safeguards

Data Sheet – Restructuring Stage)

SFG1635 (Indigenous Peoples Plan)

DPL Rajasthan Reform for Power Sector Financial

Sustainability Project


Project ID P157224

Report No. AB7810 (Project Information

Document)


Skills Strengthening for Industrial Value

Enhancement Project

Date 29 December 2015

Project ID P156867

Report No. 102323 (Integrated Safeguards Data

Sheet)

101690 (Project Information Document)

Grid Connected Rooftop Solar Project


Project ID P155007

Report No. 103245, 103128 (Project Information

Document)

103200 (Environmental Assessment)

Second Madhya Pradesh District Poverty Project


Project ID P102331

Report No. ICR3630 (Implementation Completion

and Results Report)

Citizen Access to Responsive Services Project


Project ID P149182

Report No. PAD1175 (Project Appraisal Document)

Strengthening Governance and Service Delivery in

Karnataka Panchayats Project


Project ID P150288




SFG 1574 (Environmental Assessment)

ISDSC16143 (Integrated Safeguards

Data Sheet – Concept Stage)

National Rural Livelihoods Project


India Project Documents


Project ID P104164

Report No. ISDSR4192 (Integrated Safeguards

Data Sheet – Restructuring Stage)

Second Phase of Hydrology Project


Project ID P084632

Report No. ICRR14824 (Implementation

Completion Report Review)

Third Education Quality Improvement Project


Project ID P154523

Report No. SFG 1536 (Environmental Assessment)

Assam Agriculture Competitiveness Project


Project ID P084792

Report No. ICR3454 (Implementation Completion

and Results Report)

Uttarakhand Workforce Development Project


Project ID P154525

Report No. PIDC30731 (Project Information

Document – Concept Stage)

North Eastern Region Power System Improvement

Project


Project ID P127974

Report No. SFG 1014 (Environmental Assessment,

Vol. 18)

Second Karnataka State Highway Improvement

Project


Project ID P107649

Report No. SFG 1617 (Environmental Assessment)

From the Blogworld

On the “Road to Resilience”: Protecting India’s coastal communities against natural disasters

By Ede Ijjasz-Vasquez

Teams from the World Bank and the Global Facility

for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

have embarked on a 40-day, 10,000-km journey along

the entire Indian coastline. The objective of this “Road

to Resilience” trip is to support the implementation of

6 coastal disaster management and climate resilience

projects covering all 10 coastal states of India.

Some of those projects aim to enhance resilience

and mitigate the impact of future disasters, while

others are intended to help the country recover from

previous events such as Cyclone Phailin (2013) and

Cyclone Hudhud (2014).

The “Road to Resilience” initiative is also a unique

opportunity to raise awareness about risk mitigation

and to interact more directly with local communities,

who play a crucial role in preventing and responding

to disaster.

Read more and the watch video:

http://tinyurl.com/h9loumz


How to get more women working in India

By P P Krishnapriya

20

Bringing women’s labor force participation up

to that of men is essential for growth and

development. Yet, unequal participation by males

and females – and disparity in their wages – plagues

both the formal and informal sectors in India.

The first step in empowering women and

increasing their opportunities is better education

and skill-enhancement at all levels. This includes

dissuading drop-outs. Next, we must strengthen

anti-discrimination laws and promote policies that

protect women against workplace discrimination –

both in law and in practice. Then, we must improve

work-place infrastructure in order to remove entry

barriers and attrition. This includes the provision of

toilets, a safe work environment and adherence to

laws pertaining to provision of maternity support

and crèche facilities. Finally, we must break gender

stereotypes which perpetuate discrimination through

changing of attitudes and perceptions regarding

female workers. These measures will help to increase

female labor force participation.

Read more: http://tinyurl.com/h3okm5z

The most effective services for well-rounded higher education students in India

By Jessica Lee

A few months ago, I met with over 100

undergraduate and graduate students at

seven different technical institutions in the Indian

states of Maharashtra and Karnataka, as part of

the Government of India – World Bank supported

Technical Education Quality Improvement Program

(TEQIP II). It took a bit of time for all of us to feel

comfortable – how awkward can it get when you are

summoned to participate in a meeting with a guest

visitor? But, ultimately, we were able to talk freely

and even joke a bit.

We got down to the heart of things: what would make

their academic experiences both intellectually and

personally rewarding?

Read more: http://tinyurl.com/hz8h9tb

Putting trade and investment at the center of the G20

By Marcus Bartley Johns

It might not have made the leading global headlines

but, three weeks ago, there was a significant

new development in global governance of trade

and foreign investment. In Beijing, China convened

the first meeting of a new working group in the

G20 to pursue initiatives in these areas: the G20

Trade and Investment Working Group (TIWG). Over

two days, officials from G20 members and invited

governments, along with the World Bank Group

and other international organizations, discussed the

future direction of trade and investment in the G20.

Read more: http://tinyurl.com/hpbgzuo


World Bank Policy Research Working Papers

WPS 7570

Building a competitive city through innovation and

global knowledge – the case of Sino-Singapore

Suzhou industrial park

By Zhihua Zeng

WPS 7569

Capital flows and central banking: The Indian

experience

By Poonam Gupta

WPS 7568

Growth, urbanization, and poverty reduction in India

By Gaurav Datt, Martin Ravallion and Rinku Murgai

WPS 7567

Losing the gains of the past: The welfare and

distributional impacts of the twin crises in Iraq 2014

By Nandini Krishnan and Sergio Daniel Olivieri

WPS 7566

Prices and welfare

By Abdelkrim Araar and Paolo Verme

WPS 7565

Drought and retribution: Evidence from a large-scale

rainfall-indexed insurance program in Mexico

By Alan Fuchs Tarlovsky and Hendrik Wolff

WPS 7564

Market integration and poverty: Evidence from South

Sudan

By Gonzalo J. Varela, Massimiliano Cali, Utz Johann

Pape and Esteban Rojas

WPS 7563

Does child sponsorship pay off in adulthood? An

international study of impacts on income and wealth

By Bruce W. Wydick, Paul W. Glewwe and Laine

Rutledge

WPS 7562

Sifting through the Data: Labor markets in Haiti

through a turbulent decade (2001-2012)

By Thiago Scot and Aude-Sophie Rodella

WPS 7561

School dropout in Central America: an overview

of trends, causes, consequences, and promising

interventions

By Melissa Ann Adelman and Miguel Szekely

WPS 7560

An exploration of the relationship between police

presence, crime, and business in developing countries

By Asif Mohammed Islam

WPS 7559

Financial channels, property rights, and poverty: A

Sub-Saharan African perspective

By Raju Singh and Yifei Huang

WPS 7558

Idle youth in Mexico: Trapped between the war on

drugs and economic crisis

By Rafael E. De HoyosNavarro, Carlos Gutierrez Fierros

and J. Vicente Vargas M.

WPS 7557

The distribution of consumption expenditure in Sub-

Saharan Africa: the inequality among all Africans

By La-Bhus Fah Jirasavetakul and Christoph Lakner

WPS 7556

How much teachers know and how much it matters in

class: Analyzing three rounds of subject-specific test

score data of Indonesian students and teachers

By JoppeJaitze De Ree

WPS 7555

Greying the budget: Ageing and preferences over

public policies

By Luiz de Mello, SimoneRaphaela Schotte, Erwin H. R.

Tiongson and Hernan Jorge Winkler

WPS 7554

Why are the elderly more averse to immigration when

they are more likely to benefit? Evidence across

countries

By SimoneRaphaela Schotte, Hernan Jorge Winkler

WPS 7553

The welfare cost of inflation and the regulations of

money substitutes

By Benjamin Eden and Maya Eden

WPS 7552

Do resource-rich countries suffer from a lack of fiscal

discipline?

By Michael Francis Bleaney and Havard Halland

WPS 7551

Managing food price volatility in a large open country:

The case of wheat in India

By Christophe Gouel, Madhur Gautam and William J.

Martin

WPS 7550

Cognitive and non-cognitive skills for the Peruvian

labor market: Addressing measurement error through

latent skills estimations

By Wendy Cunningham, Mónica Parra Torrado and

Miguel Alonso Sarzosa

WPS 7549

Lifting economic sanctions on Iran: Global effects and

strategic responses

By Elena Ianchovichina, Shantayanan Devarajan and

Csilla Lakatos

21


WPS 7548

Out of school and out of work: A diagnostic of ninis in

Latin America

By Rafael E. De HoyosNavarro, Anna Popova and F.

Halsey Rogers

WPS 7547

A detailed anatomy of factor misallocation in India

By Gilles Duranton, Syed Ejaz Ghani, Arti Grover

Goswami and William Robert Kerr

WPS 7546

Declining wages for college-educated workers in

Mexico: Are younger or older cohorts hurt the most?

By Raymundo M. Campos-Vazquez, Luis-Felipe Lopez-

Calva and Nora Lustig

WPS 7545

Business cycles in the eastern Caribbean economies:

The role of fiscal policy and interest rates

By FranciscoGalrao Carneiro and Viktoria Hnatkovska

WPS 7544

Before and after the global financial crisis: Evaluating

the Caribbean’s synchronization with global engines

of growth

By AugusteTano Kouame and M. Ivanova Reyes

WPS 7543

The great recession and job loss spillovers: Impact of

tradable employment shocks on supporting services

WPS 7542

What are the impacts of Syrian refugees on host

community welfare in Turkey? A subnational poverty

analysis

By Joao Pedro Wagner De Azevedo, Judy Yang and

OsmanKaan Inan

WPS 7541

How equitable is access to finance in turkey?

Evidence from the latest global FINDEX

By Joao Pedro Wagner De Azevedo, Osman Kaan Inan

and Judy Yang

WPS 7540

When and where do we see regional poverty reduction

and convergence? Lessons from the roof of Turkey

By Ha Minh Nguyen and Shawheen Rezaei

WPS 7539

Price seasonality in Africa: Measurement and extent

By Christopher L. Gilbert, Luc Christiaensen and

Jonathan Kaminski

WPS 7538

Contingent liabilities risk management: A credit risk

analysis framework for sovereign guarantees and

on-lending—country experiences from Colombia,

Indonesia, Sweden, and Turkey

By Fritz Florian Bachmair

WPS 7537

Striving for balance in economics: Towards a theory of

the social determination of behavior

By Karla Hoff and Joseph E. Stiglitz

WPS 7536

Global supply chains and trade policy

By Emily J. Blanchard, Chad P. Bown and Robert

Christopher Johnson

WPS 7535

How does long-term finance affect economic volatility?

By AsliDemirguc-Kunt, Balint Laszlo Horvath and Harry

P. Huizinga

WPS 7534

Following Mexican youth: A short-run study of time

use decisions

By JuanBaron, Anna Popova and Angelica Maria

Sanchez Diaz

WPS 7527

Rwanda’s new companies: An overview of

registrations, taxes, employment and exports

By Michele Savini Zangrandi and Maria Paulina Mogollon

WPS 7526

Tenure security premium in informal housing markets:

A spatial hedonic analysis

By Shohei Nakamura

WPS 7525

Do land market restrictions hinder structural change in

a rural economy? Evidence from Sri Lanka

By M. Shahe Emran and Forhad J.Shilpi

WPS 7524

Land market restrictions, women’s labor force

participation, and wages in a rural economy

By M. Shahe Emran and Forhad J.Shilpi

WPS 7523

Debt sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa: Unraveling

country-specific risks

ByWilliam G. Battaile, Fernando Leonardo Hernandez

and Vivian Norambuena

WPS 7522

The impact of the global financial crisis on firms’

capital structure

By Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Maria Soledad Martinez Peria

and Thierry Tressel

WPS 7521

Development economics as taught in developing

countries

By David J. Mckenzie and Anna Luisa Paffhausen

WPS 7520

Seasonality in local food markets and consumption:

Evidence from Tanzania

By Jonathan Kaminski, Luc Christiaensen and

Christopher L.


WPS 7519

Why so gloomy? Perceptions of economic mobility in

Europe and Central Asia

By Cesar A. Cancho, Maria Eugenia Davalos and

Carolina Sanchez

WPS 7518

Understanding the trends in learning outcomes in

Argentina, 2000 to 2012

By Rafael E. De Hoyos Navarro, Peter Anthony Holland

and Sara Troiano

WPS 7517

Forced displacement and refugees in Sub-Saharan

Africa: An economic inquiry

By Philip Verwimp, Jean-Francois Maystadt and Jean-

Francois Paul Claude Maystadt

WPS 7516

Can a small social pension promote labor force

participation? Evidence from the Colombia Mayor

program

By Tobias Pfutze and Carlos Rodriguez Castelan

WPS 7515

The poverty effects of market concentration

By Carlos Rodriguez Castelan

WPS 7514

Unpacking the MPI: A decomposition approach of

changes in multidimensional poverty headcounts

By Jorge Eduardo Pérez Pérez, Carlos Rodriguez

Castelan, Jose Daniel Trujillo and Daniel Valderrama

WPS 7513

Toward a more business friendly tax regime: Key

challenges in South Asia

By Anna Reva

WPS 7512

The strength of American federal democracy: Lessons

for global development

By Roger B. Myerson

WPS 7511

Blending top-down federalism with bottom-up

engagement to reduce inequality in Ethiopia

By Qaiser M. Khan, Jean-Paul Faguet and Alemayehu

A. Ambel

WPS 7510

Finding a path to formalization in Benin: Early results

after the introduction of the entreprenant legal status

By Najy Benhassine, David J. Mckenzie, Victor Maurice

Joseph Pouliquen and Massimiliano Santini

WPS 7509

Hub-periphery development pattern and inclusive

growth: Case study of Guangdong province

By Xubei Luo andNong Zhu

WPS 7508

Maternal and child health inequalities in Ethiopia

By Alemayehu A. Ambel, Colin Andrews, Anne Margreth

Bakilana, Elizabeth Foster and et.al.

WPS 7507

The effects of volatility, fiscal policy cyclicality and

financial development on growth: Evidence for the

Eastern Caribbean

By Markus Brüeckner and Francisco Galrao Carneiro

WPS 7506

Psychometrics as a tool to improve screening and

access to credit

By IraniArráiz, Miriam Bruhn and Rodolfo Mario Stucchi

WPS 7505

Direct and indirect effects of Malawi’s public works

program on food security

By Kathleen G. Beegle, Emanuela Galasso and Jessica

Ann Goldberg

WPS 7504

Structural transformation and productivity growth in

Africa: Uganda in the 2000s

By Sabin Ahmed, Taye Alemu Mengistae, Yutaka

Yoshino and Albert G. Zeufack

WPS 7503

Breaking the metal ceiling: Female entrepreneurs who

succeed in male-dominated sectors

By Francisco Moraes Leitao Campos, Markus P.

Goldstein, Laura Mcgorman, Ana Maria Munoz Boudet

and et.al.

WPS 7502

What’s left for the WTO?

By Chad P.Bown

WPS 7501

From demographic dividend to demographic burden?

Regional trends of population aging in Russia

By Mikhail Matytsin, Lalita M. Moorty and Kaspar

Richter

WPS 7500

Tobacco and alcohol excise taxes for improving public

health and revenue outcomes: Marrying sin and virtue?

By Richard M. Bird

◆ Annamalai University Annamalainagar

◆ Centre for Studies in Social Sciences Kolkata

◆ Giri Institute of Development Studies Lucknow

◆ Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics Pune

◆ Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar

◆ Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad

◆ Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi

◆ Institute of Development Studies Jaipur

◆ Institute of Economic Growth New Delhi

◆ Institute of Financial Management and Research Chennai

◆ Institute of Social and Economic Change Bangalore

◆ Karnataka University Dharwad

◆ Kerala University Library Thiruvananthapuram

◆ Centre for Economic and Social Studies Hyderabad

◆ Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur

◆ Punjabi University Patiala

◆ University of Bombay Mumbai

◆ Uttaranchal Academy of Administration Nainital

World Bank Depository

Libraries in India


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Public Information Center



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Tel: +91-11-4294 7000, Ext. 753

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WorldBankIndia

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The World Bank in India VOL 14 / NO 5 • March 2016

Rights and Permissions: The material in this work is copyrighted.

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◆ Annamalai University Annamalainagar

◆ Centre for Studies in Social Sciences Kolkata

◆ Giri Institute of Development Studies Lucknow

◆ Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics Pune

◆ Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar

◆ Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad

◆ Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi

◆ Institute of Development Studies Jaipur

◆ Institute of Economic Growth New Delhi

◆ Institute of Financial Management and Research Chennai

◆ Institute of Social and Economic Change Bangalore

◆ Karnataka University Dharwad

◆ Kerala University Library Thiruvananthapuram

◆ Centre for Economic and Social Studies Hyderabad

◆ Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur

◆ Punjabi University Patiala

◆ University of Bombay Mumbai

◆ Uttaranchal Academy of Administration Nainital

World Bank Depository

Libraries in India


Designed by Thoughtscape Design Studio, Delhi

and printed by Sona Printers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, March 2016

Public Information Center



New Delhi - 110 001, India

Tel: +91-11-4294 7000, Ext. 753

Contact: Sunita Malhotra

The World Bank Websites

Main: www.worldbank.org

India: www.worldbank.org.in

Facebook: www.facebook.com/

WorldBankIndia

Media Inquiries

The World Bank

70, Lodi Estate

New Delhi - 110 003

Contact: Sudip Mozumder


Tel: +91-11-4147 9220

The World Bank in India VOL 14 / NO 5 • March 2016

Rights and Permissions: The material in this work is copyrighted.

No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,

recording, or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system,

without the prior written permission of the World Bank. The World Bank

encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission

promptly.