Upload
aliza-porter
View
214
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 1
Presentation ExcellenceA Core Leadership Attribute Seminar on Public Communication
Created By:D. Matthew Sullivan, MD, FACEP
Associate Director, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
John A. Marx, MD, FACEP, Professor and Past-ChairCarolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
Tenet Editor:Jeffrey Druck, MD, FACEP
Associate Director, Denver Health Residency in Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine
Why Are You Here?
• As an excellent presenter…• You can be an excellent teacher
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 2
Siebold, J of Appl Comm Res, May 1993
Outline
• Adult Learning
• Development & Preparation
• Presentation & Delivery
• Challenges
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 3
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 4
Adult Learning“Education Theory”
Adult Learning
• Theory is extensive
• Technology plays a role
• Pertains to Emergency Medicine
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 5
Adult Learning- Malcolm Knowles
• “Father” of Andragogy
• Principles of adult education
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 6
Adult Learning- Andragogy
• Need to know why they are learning• Experience provides a basis for education• Responsible for learning• Interested in immediate relevance• Problem-centered rather than content-
oriented• Adults respond better to motivators
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 7
Knowles, Informal Adult Education, 1950
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 8
Preparation & Development“Building blocks of teaching”
Preparation & Development• Audience & Location
• Subject & Organization
• Slides & Equipment
• Review & Rehearsal
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 9
Preparation & Development- Audience & Location
• Expectations
• Demographics
• Level of knowledge
• How will you fulfill their goals?
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 10
Alon U, Molecular Cell, Oct 2009
Preparation & Development- Audience & Location
• The Audience can listen to 300-400 words per min
• We speak at 75-100 words per min
• The audience is listening to you…
…only 25% of the time!
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 11
Preparation & Development- Audience & Location
• 10% of what they read• 20% of what they hear• 30% of what they see• 50% of what they see and hear• 70% of what they say• 90% of what they say and do
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 12
Preparation & Development- Audience & Location
• Room size
• Seating arrangement
• Lighting and sound system
• Screen location vs. multiple screens
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 13
Preparation & Development- Subject & Organization
• Assigned topic
• Focused vs. overview
• Core topic
• Your topic
• Your research
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 14
Preparation & Development- Subject & Organization
• Pick 5 points you want to cover
• Arrange appropriately
• Avoid covering too much
• Time it perfectly
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 15
Turk C, Effective Speaking: Communication in Speech, 1985
Preparation & Development- Subject & Organization
• Intro
• Background
• Topics 1 – 5
• Conclusion
• Questions
5 min
6 min
7 min/topics
6 min
5 min
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 16
Timing: “5-6-7”
Preparation & Development- Subject & Organization
• Begin on time
• Show the audience your organization
• If you think you are funny…
… make sure you are
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 17
Morgan N, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, May 2001
Preparation & Development- Subject & Organization
• Tell them (3 T’s)
– Tell them what you’re going to tell them
– Tell them
– Tell them what you told them
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 18
Morgan N, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, July 2001
Preparation & Development- Subject & Organization
• Summarize
– Make the ending consistent
– Take a stand and defend it
– Give people a take-home message
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 19
Preparation & Development- Subject & Organization
• Questions:– Allow time– Ensure the entire audience hears– Directly answer people– Don’t point / ridicule / play down– Give your contact e-mail at the end
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 20
Vik G, Bus Comm Quarterly, June 2004
Preparation & Development- Subject & Organization
• Hand-out
– Is it required?
– Often electronic
– Dependent on the venue
– Formal hand-out vs. slide print out
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 21
Preparation & Development- Slides & Equipment
• Podium
• Lavaliere microphone
• Thumb drive (backup)
• Laptop and projector
• Know the technology
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 22
Preparation & Development- Review & Rehearsal
• Review
• Rehearse
• Review
• Rehearse
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 23
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 24
Presentation & Delivery“Teaching is a learned art”
Presentation & Delivery- Your Style
• Memorized vs. ad-lib style
• Notes within PowerPoint
• Automatic slide transitions
• Rehearse your presentation
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 25
Lunemann R, Tech Comm, Aug 2008
Presentation & Delivery- Preparing for Success
• Be ready
• Go early
• Test your gear
• Visualize yourself
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 26
Pratt C, Public Rel Quart, 2003
Presentation & Delivery- First Impression
• Dress professionally
• Avoid flashy jewelry
• You are NOT trying to stand out
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 27
Presentation & Delivery- First Impression
• 1st moments crucial to engage audience
• Be careful with jokes
• Possible “Ice Breakers”
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 28
Morgan N, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, May 2002 & Jul 2003
Presentation & Delivery- First Impression
• Give the goals up-front
• Reveal take-home message early
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 29
Presentation & Delivery- Non-Verbals
• Eye contact
• Body position
• Gestures
• Speaking
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 30
Krattenmaker T, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, Dec 1999
Presentation & Delivery- Voice Control
• Your voice is the most effective tool
• Change the cadence – pauses
• Avoid rapid speech
• Avoid verbal automatisms
• Silence can be effective
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 31
Khodarahmi S, Comm World, Feb 2007Bierck R, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, Apr 2001
Presentation & Delivery- Body Control
• Appropriate body image
• Avoid automatisms
• Hand control
• Don’t lean on the podium
• Don’t turn away from the audience
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 32
Genard G, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, 2004
Presentation & Delivery- The Ten Be’s
1. Yourself
2. Comfortable
3. Honest
4. Brief
5. Human
6. Personal
7. Positive
8. Attentive
9. Energetic
10.Committed
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 33
Obuchowski J, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, 2006Humphrey J, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, Oct 2001
Presentation & Delivery- The Presentation
• You are the primary audiovisual
• Use your slides as enhancement
• Know your talk cold
• Practice
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 34
Markel M, Tech Comm, May 2009Baker W, Bus Comm Quarterly, Jun 2004
Presentation & Delivery- Making Slides
• “The basics will go a long way”
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 35
Presentation & Delivery- Making Slides
• The Ten Commandments for creating good slides
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 36
Harvard Manag Comm Letter, Jul 1999
1. Keep It Simple
• Especially if it is crucial to your talk
• Give it to people straight up
• Minimize the overly complex
• Maximize the relevant
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 37
Harvard Manag Comm Letter, Jan 2001
2. Talk More – Show Less
• If you put a bunch of text on the screen and the content is important to your talk, the audience will be much more drawn to your pretty colored slides than listening to you – even if you say the same thing that is on the slide
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 38
Robertson A, Tech Comm, Feb 2009
3. Be Visually Consistent
• This Is Hard
• This take compulsiveness.
• Some people dont careSome people dont care
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 39
3. Be Visually Consistent
• This Is Hard
• This take compulsiveness.
• Some people dont careSome people dont care
All caps vs. only 1st word
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 40
3. Be Visually Consistent
• This Is Hard
• This take compulsiveness.
• Some people dont careSome people dont care
Period vs. Period vs. No period period
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 41
3. Be Visually Consistent
• This Is Hard
• This take compulsiveness.
• Some people dont careSome people dont care
Verb tense
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 42
3. Be Visually Consistent
• This Is Hard
• This take compulsiveness.
• Some people dont careSome people dont care
Typos
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 43
3. Be Visually Consistent
• This Is Hard
• This take compulsiveness.
• Some people don’t CareSome people don’t Care
Shadow & its color
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 44
3. Be Visually Consistent
• This Is Hard
• This take compulsiveness.
• Some people don’t CareSome people don’t Care
• Consistent text color is importantConsistent text color is important
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 45
4. One Message Per Slide
• If you violate this rule …
• You’ll violate other commandments
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 46
5. No Slide Apologies
• “I’m sorry this doesn’t project well”
• “My colors are hideous”
• “I did this at the last minute”
• Bottom line: slides should be great
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 47
6. Design For the Back• Tiny text is no good
• “Prairie dog” real-estate
7. Use Readable Font
• Certain fonts are not options
• As are a bunch of others
• AVOID ALL UPPERCASE
• Avoid Italics
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 49
7. Use Readable Font- Standard Typefaces
Arial
Comic Sans MS
Verdana
Calibri
Times Roman
Courier
Helvetica
Palatino
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 50
7. Use Readable Font- Never Use Red Text
• Why, you ask?
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 51
8. Beware Slide Gimmicks
• It can distract the audience to nausea
• Some transitions may be effective
• Slide transitions should be smooth
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 52
8. Beware Slide Gimmicks- Animation
• Animating bullets
• Color transitions and fading
• A powerful tool for delivery
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 53
Von Hoffman C, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, Jun 1999
8. Beware Slide Gimmicks- Audiovisual
• Imbedded video and sound
• Difficult with some platforms
• File size becomes large
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 54
Marton B, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, Apr 2000
9. Make Title Headlines
• Defines the slide
• Focuses the listener
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 55
Alley M, Tech Comm, May 2006
10. Drive 55
• 5 words per line
• 5 lines per slide
• Difficult guideline
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 56
Katt J, Human Comm, 2008
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 57
Exemplary Mistakes“Life as a slide critic”
Internet Junk
• Image quality may be poor
• Often unrelated, unnecessary filler
• You don’t know who owns what
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 58
Avoid Internet Junk
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 59
Avoid the Collage
• Show important images
• Don’t run images over text
• You are not Andy Warhol
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 60
Designer amphetamines
• MDMA (“Ecstacy”)• MDEA• Khat
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 61
Use 10 Commandments
• Simplistic
• Important
• Difficult to always do
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 62
DuFrene D, Bus Comm Quart, Mar 2004
Toxocariasis - Epidemiology
• Wherever humans and dogs coexist• Humans become infected by the
ingestion of an infected egg
• Larvae hatch in the small intestine and migrate for months through every tissue of the body until they become overwhelmed by the host
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 63
Splitting Your Slides
• If a single slide is too busy …
• Distribute related material
• You will connect the material
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 64
History• #1 Symptom = joint pain
– exacerbated by passive or active motion– often minimal in immunocompromised– children often will not use affected limb– hip pain often referred to thigh and knee
• Fever reported in 80% children and 40% adults
• Constitutional symptoms inconsistent• Presence of underlying joint disease?• Medications that can alter course?
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 65
Watch Auto-formatting
• Inherent in the software• Know your technology
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 66
• BacterialbrucellagonococcusH flumeningococcusmycoplasmapneumococcussalmonellaserratiastaphylococcusstrep pneumotreponemavibrio
• ProtozoaToxoplasmaTrypanosoma (Chagas)- most common worldwide
• ParasiticEchinococcusParagonimusTaenia soliumTrichinellaWicheria
• Fungal, Rickettsial, Spirochetal
• ViraladenoviruscoxsackievirusCMVechovirusEBVHep A/B/CHSVHIVinfluenzameaslesRSVVZV
• OtherMedications- toxic and immune mediated
Anthracyclines Ethanol Cocaine
Autoantigens- IBD IDDM Kawasaki’s Sarcoid Scleroderma SLE Wegeners
Heavy Metals
Fastidious Slide-making
• Don’t be rushed• Read your slides carefully• Strictly avoid typos• Show your slides to others
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 68
Introduction
• 1942 - US Public Health Service recommended the standard of 50 ppb of As in the nation’s drinking water
• 1975 - Standard of 50 ppb set by the EPA• 1999 - NAS completed a review of existing
data and reccommended that the EPA lower the standard
• 2000 -01 New std of 5 ppb established and then placed on hold by new administration
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 69
Avoid Busy, Ugly Slides
• Audience will ignore you• Ugly is ugly
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 70
• Take a deep breath…and Take a deep breath…and smilesmile
• Talk to one person at a timeTalk to one person at a time• Beta-blockers if Beta-blockers if absolutelyabsolutely
desperatedesperate• What’s the worst that could What’s the worst that could
happen if you blow it?happen if you blow it?Page W, J of Bus Comm, 1985
Avoid Scanning Stuff
• Hard to do well
• Newspaper
• Charts and legends
• Manuscript masthead
• Rarely aligned in the horizontal
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 72
Nerve Block Volumes
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 73
Rabies - NC
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 74
Crop The Legend
• People focus on the illegible
• You will lose the audience
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 75
Plasmids
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 76
Watch Title Over-run
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 77
Resistant Isolates of StrepNational Pneumococcal Sentinel Surveillance System
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 78
Don’t Include Too Much
• Hard to read• Overwhelming• Likely not important
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 79
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 80
Final Do’s and Don’ts
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 81
Do Dress for Success
• Dark rather than light• White / Light shirt• Appropriate tie• Long hair off face• Simple jewelry
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 82
Don’t
• Arrive unkempt
• Dress poorly
• Dress down
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 83
Do
• Use a pointer• Learn how to use one
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 84
Don’t
• Overuse the pointer • Shake the laser pointer• “Color” with the pointer
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 85
Do
• Proofread your slides
• More than just the spell-check
• Put blank slides in for breaks / ending
• Use multi-media effectively
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 86
Hentz B, Bus Comm Quart, Dec 2006
Don’t
• Put multi-media in because you can• Give up on commandments
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 87
Do
• Budget your time• Constrain our content• Make excellent slides• Practice
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 88
Giuliano C, Pub Rel Quart, 2003
Do
• Engage the audience with your motions
• Move around with purpose to engage• Maintain eye contact as you move
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 89
Don’t
• Pace• Hide• Sit• Rock• Tap
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 90
Don’t
• Chew gum• Show pornographic images• Use profanity
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 91
Don’t
• Reference religion• Show gratuitous violence• Display over-the-top or “edgy”
pictures– The dead– The horrific
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 92
Summary
• Target the audience• Tell the “right” story• Don’t cover too much• “Ten Commandments” of slide making• Engage in good public speaking skills
Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 93
National Residency Leadership CurriculumQuestions?
????
National Residency Leadership CurriculumSpecial Thanks!
Funded By:An American College of Emergency Physicians Chapter Grant
Endorsed By:American College of Emergency Physicians
Council of Residency Directors for Emergency MedicineEmergency Medicine Resident’s Association
Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
National Residency Leadership CurriculumSpecial Thanks!
Senior Editors:Stephen Wolf, MD, FACEP
Andrew French, MDMatthew Mendenhall, MD, MPH
Tenet Editors:Britney Anderson, MD
Barbara Blok, MD, FACEPJeffrey Druck, MD, FACEP
Maria Moreira, MDLee Shockley, MD, MBA, FACEP
Administrative Editor:Barbara Burgess
National Residency Leadership CurriculumThank You!
For More Information Please Visit:www.DenverEM.org www.CoACEP.com