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PUBLIC ALERTING
DON BOUFFARD | 4/18/17
Public Alerting Systems • Public Alerting Systems
○ Emergency Alert System (EAS)
○ NOAA Weather Radio
• Integrated Public Alert Warning System(IPAWS)
○ Wireless Emergency Alerts
The Evolution of Emergency Alerting
Originally called the “Key Station System,” the CONtrol of ELectromagnetic RADiation (CONELRAD) was established in August 1951.
Participating stations tuned to 640 & 1240 kHz AM and initiated a special sequence and procedure designed to warn citizens.
IPAWS modernizes and
integrates the nation’s
warning infrastructure.
• Integrates new and
existing warning systems
• Provides a broader range
of message options
• Increases capability to
alert and warn
communities
EBS was initiated to
address the nation through
audible alerts. It did not
allow for targeted
messaging.
Originally designed to
provide the President with
an expeditious method of
communicating with the
American Public.
Expanded for use during
peacetime at state and
local levels.
EAS jointly coordinated by
the FCC, FEMA and NWS.
Designed for President to
speak to American people
within 10 minutes.
EAS messages
• Digitally encoded header
• Attention Signal
• Audio Announcement
• Digitally encoded end-
of-message marker
NPR Satellite
WJR PEP
WKAR SP
LP-1 & LP-2
Cable
Local
LP-1 & LP-2
LP-1 & LP-2 Relay SR
LP-1 & LP-2
National EAS Alert
State EAS Alert
Satellite WKAR
Cable
Local
LP-1 & LP-2
MSP WJR & LP-2
LP-1 & LP-2
NOAA Internet
WEA
Satellite
Cable Local
PSAP/EOC WEA
NOAA
LP-1 & LP-2
Local EAS Alert
Internet
MONROE
ALCONA
ALGER
ALLEGAN
ALPENA
ANTRIM
ARENAC
BARAGA
BARRY
BAY
BENZIE
BERRIENBRANCH
CALHOUN
CASS
CHARLEVOIX
CHEBOYGAN
CHIPPEWA
CLARE
CLINTON
CRAWFORD
DELTADICKINSON
EATON
EMMET
GENESEE
GLADWIN
GOGEBIC
GRAND
TRAVERSE
GRATIOT
HILLSDALE
HOUGHTON
HURON
INGHAM
IONIA
IOSCO
IRON
ISABELLA
JACKSONKALAMAZOO
KALKASKA
KEWEENAW
LAKE
LAPEER
LEELANAU
LIVINGSTON
LUCE
MACKINAC
MACOMB
MANISTEE
MARQUETTE
MASON
MECOSTA
MENOMINEE
MIDLAND
MISSAUKEE
MONTCALM
MONT-
MORENCY
MUSKEGON
NEWAYGO
OAKLAND
OCEANA
OGEMAW
ONTONAGON
OSCEOLA
OSCODA
OTSEGO
OTTAWA
PRESQUE ISLE
ROSCOMMON
SAGINAW
ST. CLAIR
ST. JOSEPH
SANILAC
SCHOOLCRAFT
SHIA-WASSEE
TUSCOLA
VAN BUREN
WASHTENAW
WAYNE
WEXFORD
LENAWEE
KENT
EAS District
UP-
Northwestern
UP-Western
UP-Central UP-Eastern
Northeastern
Northwestern
East Central
West
Central
Central
Western
South
Central
Southwestern
Southeastern
Washtenaw-
Lenawee
EAS Area LP Status Call Letters Frequency South Central LP-1 WFMK-FM 99.1
South Central LP-2 & SP WKAR-FM 90.5
East Central LP-1 WHNN-FM 96.1
East Central LP-2 WIOG-FM 102.5
Northeastern LP-1 WATZ-FM 99.3
Northeastern LP-2 WHSB-FM 107.7
Northwestern LP-1 WATZ-FM 99.3
Northwestern LP-2 WHSB FM 107.7
Southeastern LP-1 & PEP WJR-AM 760
Southeastern LP-2 WWJ-AM 950
Southwestern LP-1 WKFR-FM 103.3
Southwestern LP-2 WVFM-FM 106.5
Southwestern LP-3 WBXX-FM 104.9
Southwestern LP-4 WHFB-FM 99.9
Southwestern LP-5 WCXT-FM 98.3
U.P.-Central LP-1 & SR WNMU-FM 90.1
U.P.-Central LP-2 WGLQ-FM 97.1
U.P.-Eastern LP-1 WSUE-FM 101.3
U.P.-Northwestern LP-2 WGLI-FM 98.7
U.P.-Northwestern LP-1 WOLV-FM 97.7
U.P.-Western LP-1 WIMI-FM 99.7
U.P.-Western LP-2 WUPM-FM 106.9
Washtenaw –Lenawee LP-1 WEMU-FM 89.1
Washtenaw –Lenawee LP-2 WWWW-FM 102.9
Western LP-1 WSRW-FM 105.7
Western LP-2 WLHT-FM 95.7
Central LP-1 & SR WCMU-FM 89.5
Central LP-2 & SR WUPS-FM 98.5
West Central LP-1 WBLV-FM 90.3
West Central LP-2 WWKR-FM 94.1
EAS in Michigan • Public alerting authority resides with the county
• NOAA disseminates all weather-related EAS
• MSP/NOAA verify identity of persons requesting messages
○ Verbal recognition codes are posted in MI CIMS
○ Each EM/Assistant EM has access
• MSP disseminates all AMBER alerts
• MSP disseminates all Blue Alert and Public Threat Alert
• EAS messages are direct broadcast over the air
• Broadcasting additional information
• Testing
National Weather Service
What is IPAWS?
IPAWS Federal Guidance • IPAWS Modernization Act of 2015
o Establishes an IPAWS Subcommittee to the FEMA National Advisory Council to address protocols, standards, terminology, and operating procedures
• Executive Order 13407 o “It is the policy of the United States to have an effective, reliable, integrated, flexible, and comprehensive system to alert
and warn the American people…”
• 1995 Presidential EAS Statement of Requirements o “The national level EAS must be: Fully integrated from the national to local level, yet capable of independent local
(Priority Two) and state (Priority Three) operations”
• Warning, Alert, and Response Network (WARN) Act o Directs FCC to establish the requirements for cellular carrier participation in Wireless Emergency Alerts
• Stafford Act o “Provide technical assistance to State and local government to ensure that timely and effective disaster warning is
provided”
o “Make available to Federal State and Local agencies the facilities of the civil defense communications systems”
IPAWS Vision • Single emergency alert message delivery to
all available public dissemination channels • Easier to use by public alerting authorities
• Improves and enhances emergency alerting capability
in two critical ways • Assure that citizens receive alert via at least one path
• Likelihood that citizens react to emergency alerts
IPAWS Architecture
Alert Aggregation What the Aggregator does:
1. Authenticates sender o Web Service Security
o Digital Signature
2. Validates CAP message
3. Verifies permissions o What alerts can you send
o Where can you send them
o How can you send them
4. Non-repudiation, message integrity
5. Gateway to EAS, WEA, NOAA WX
Who Can Alert on IPAWS
Complete
734 Local
64 State-wide
12 Federal
3 Tribal
2 Territory
Who Can Alert In Michigan On IPAWS
18
200978 Barry County 200310 Lapeer County
200107 Berrien County 200467 Lenawee County
200118
Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Emmet
County 201176 Marquette County
201034 Chippewa County 200406 Mason County
200691 City of Detroit 200536 Mecosta County
200904 City of Livonia 200198
Michigan State
Police
200819 City of Taylor 200128 Midland County
200173 Clare County 200380 Muskegon County
200603 Clinton County 200276 Newaygo County
200458 Eaton County 200188 Oakland County
200861 Genesee County 201215 Oceana County
201033 Gogebic County 200153 Osceola County
200549 Grand Traverse County 200513 Ottawa County
200821 Hillsdale County 200719 Shiawassee County
200042 Ingham County 200079 St. Clair County
200508 Ionia County 200290 Washtenaw County
200810 Isabella County 200134 Wayne County
In Process To Alert on IPAWS
19
COG_ID COG_Name
MOA
Completed
Public
Alerting
Authority
Completed
EMI
Training
Completed
200212 MI Allegan County Sheriff Office
201237 MI Bay County
200308 MI City of Flint 04/23/13
200001 MI City of Lansing Emergency Management 08/15/11 01/05/12
200528 MI City of Riverview Police and Fire 01/26/15 08/27/14
201294 MI Crawford County Emergency Management and Homeland Security 02/08/17
200836 MI Kalamazoo County Sheriff's Office 08/22/16 07/22/15
201278 MI Livingston County Emergency Management 02/09/17 02/15/17
201064 MI Luce County Emergency Management
200413 MI Mackinac County 12/09/13 01/02/14
201311 MI Madonna University 01/25/17 02/13/17
201287 MI Monroe County Emergency Management
201255 MI Montcalm County
201281 MI Oakland University Police
201157 MI US Army Garrison Detroit Arsenal
Current MI Usage and Statistics • Tornado Warnings sent by NWS (polygons) 74
• Flash Flood Warnings sent by NWS (polygons) 46
• AMBER Alerts sent by NCMEC (7 state-wide) 14
• Severe Thunderstorm Warnings sent by NWS 8
• Blizzard Warnings sent by NCMEC 3
• Civil Danger Warning sent by Clinton County 1
• Law Enforcement Warning sent by MSP 1
• AMBER Alert sent by MSP 1
Geo-Targeting FCC rules allowed variation in wireless carrier implementation
WEA sent from towers located
inside alert area WEA sent from towers with
coverage into the alert area
App on the phone
• Alert bleed over at least 2 miles southeast
Bleed Over 45th Inauguration, January 2017
Alert: NY-NJ Bombings, September 2016
Update Alert: NY-NJ Bombings, September 2016
Background of WEA Enhancements • 2006 – WARN Act passed by Congress
• 2008 – Original WEA rules and regulations
• 2012 – WEA system operational
• 2013 – CSRIC IV review rules, recommend changes
o 3 of 31 members from emergency management discipline
o Submitted final report to FCC October 2014
• 2015 – CSRIC V recommended additional changes
o 10 of 48 members from emergency management discipline
o Submitted final report to FCC September 2016
• 2016 – New WEA rules and regulations
WEA Improvements • Increase message length from 90 to 360 characters
o 2.5 years (May 2019)
• Add new alert category, “Public Safety Messages”
o 2.5 years (May 2019)
• Support URLs and phone numbers
o 30 days for text URLs and phone numbers (Nov 2016)
o 1 year for “clickable” URLs and phone numbers (Nov 2017)
• Spanish language WEA
o 2 years (Nov 2018)
• WEA Test Code
o 2.5 years (May 2019)
FCC Under Consideration • Defining the Modes of Participation in WEA
o What do “in whole” and “in part” really mean?
• Infrastructure Functionality o Is WEA really available everywhere there is coverage?
• Alert Message Preservation o Review old messages on the phone
• Earthquake Prioritization o Alert delivery in less than 3 seconds
• Disaster Relief Messaging o Many-to-one messaging
FCC Under Consideration, continued • Multimedia Alerting
o Cell broadcast images to phones
• Multilingual o Beyond English and Spanish
• Matching the Geographic Area o Reach 100% of phones in targeted area with no more than 0.1 mile overshoot
• WEA on 5G networks
Non-Weather WEA’s Sent 03/22/17 CAE AMBER ALERT-Burton, Plate DKZ4121 Blue Monte Carlo, 810-742-2542 or call 911
01/05/17 CAE AMBER Alert, Detroit. Green Cadillac DeVille Unknown Plate. Don't Approach. Call 911
11/16/16 CAE AMBER Alert, Detroit. Check local media.
10/23/16 LEW Avoid Sharp Park 1400 Elmwood, Police are looking for a man that is a threat to himself.
10/20/16 CAE Detroit, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/CMB-3125 (MI) 1998 Purple Plymouth Voyager
08/21/16 CAE Port Huron, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/DFC9403 (MI) 2000 Maroon or Brown Chevrolet Malibu
05/16/16 CAE Detroit, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/CPG8598 (MI) 2006 White Chevrolet Impala Sedan, 4 door
05/16/16 CAE Amber Alert for vehicle: 2006 Chevy Impala, white in color, with Michigan registration: CP
05/12/16 CAE Hamburg Township, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/2HVA18 (MI) 2001 Red Ford Escape
05/12/16 CAE Brighton, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/2HVA18 (MI) 2001 Red Ford Escape
02/20/16 CAE Detroit, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/DFJ5377 (MI) 2004 Black Ford Explorer
01/15/16 CAE Coloma, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/AYY-708 (MI) 2003 Tan Chevrolet Impala
08/17/15 CAE Alpena Township, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/U4758V (TN) 2000 Tan Chevrolet Tahoe
06/17/15 CDW 911 OUTAGE IN PART OF CLINTON COUNTY. SEE WWW.CLINTON-COUNTY.ORG FOR MORE INFO
05/16/15 CAE Romulus, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/ACU559 (MI) 1997 Red Saturn 2-door
03/28/15 CAE Bancroft, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/7KJC97 (MI) 2000 Teal Ford F-250 Pickup
03/31/13 CAE Flint, MI AMBER Alert: LIC/CJN4569 Silver Chrysler Cirrus
IPAWS Public Alerting Requirements
www.fema.gov/how-sign-ipaws
1. Obtain an IPAWS-compatible alerting tool
2. Complete a Memorandum of Agreement o Fill out the MOA Application (link below)
o FEMA will create an MOA for you to sign
o With a signed MOA, FEMA will set up your COG and create your PKI certificate (to be installed in your alerting tool)
3. Complete the “Public Alerting Application” o Coordinate with the state and obtain signature
4. Complete IPAWS web-based training o With a signed “Public Alerting Application” and training certificate,
FEMA will enable your alerting permissions
Required Documentation • Memorandum of Agreement
o Application identifies county organization name, points of contact, and alerting tools used
o Establishes the relationship between the county and FEMA, connection, communications, and security
o Includes the Rules of Behavior defining official use, password rules, and accountability
MOA Application
MOA
Rules of Behavior
Required Documentation Public Alerting Application
Training Certificate
• Public Alerting Application o Defines what areas you can alert
and what event codes to use
• Training Certificate o High level training on IPAWS
alerting concepts
o Strongly recommend specific training for your alerting tool, follow best practices, and coordinate with state and neighboring counties
Walk Through MOA Form [1]
35 35 35 35
Your county Emergency Management Agency title
Who will sign? (usually the EMA director)
Primary POC (Who will process the paperwork?)
Alternate POC
Technical POC (usually your communications person)
Walk Through MOA Form [2]
What software will you use?
Will you use this system to send alerts via IPAWS?
Purpose: “Emergency Management software for
public alert and warning” or something to that effect
Server Location: City, State (ask your vendor)
Acknowledge that IPAWS doesn’t process Classified
Is it COTS? What company developed the system?
Data Description: “Unclassified alert and emergency
response information” or something to that effect
Who is your software vendor POC?
Walk Through MOA Form [3] COG ID#: This will be assigned later; leave it blank
What kind of alerts do you want to send? (usually check all)
Are you alerting for the whole state?
What county are you alerting for?
What kind of emergencies will you alert for? Here is a good list
of definitions
(http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lub/?n=nonweathercemdescriptions)
Don’t sign this. Your state reviewer fills this part out indicating
that the state has coordinated with the county in accordance
with state alert and warning plans.
Public Alerting Authority Form
Capabilities at Joint Interoperability Test Command (JITC)
Staffed to support operational users, testing, demonstration
JITC
Production
IPAWS Lab
EAS
WEA
EAS (sim)
WEA (sim)
Contact Information Don Bouffard
Engineering Specialist
Emergency Management and Homeland Security
Michigan State Police
Cell: 517-643-6251
Phone: 517-284-3995
Fax: 517-284-3857
7150 Harris Drive
Dimondale, Michigan 48821
“A PROUD tradition of SERVICE through EXCELLENCE, INTEGRITY, and COURTESY”
