PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B2 - PTE coaching sydneysydneypte.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/WORDLIST.pdfPTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B2 Word Part of speech Pron Definition Example Unit bilingual

PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B2

Word Part of speech Pron Definition Example Unit

bilingual adj baɪˈlɪŋɡwəl using, speaking, or written in two different languages He is bilingual in English and Chinese 1

multilingual adj ˌmʌltɪˈlɪŋɡwəl using, speaking, or written in several different languages the advantages of a multilingual education 1

degree n dɪˈɡriː the level or amount of something To a large degree, they are similar. 1

literally adv ˈlɪtərəli used to emphasise that something is actually true The library is literally across the road 1

monolingual n ˌmɒnəʊˈlɪŋɡwəl speaking or using only one language a monolingual dictionary 1

resemble v rɪˈzembəl to look like or be similar to someone or something

It’s amazing how closely Brian and Steve resemble each other. 1

spectrum n ˈspektrəm the set of all possible colours A rainbow shows all the colours of the spectrum 1

tend v tend if something tends to happen, it happens often and is likely to happen again People tend to need less sleep as they get older. 1

cognition n kɒɡˈnɪʃən the process of knowing, understanding, and learning something

the regions of the brain that are responsible for memory and cognition 1

concept n ˈkɒnsept an idea of how something is, or how something should be done The concept of colour appears in all languages 1

decade n ˈdekeɪd, deˈkeɪd a period of 10 years the second decade of the twenty first century 1 fluent adj ˈfluːənt able to speak a language very well She was fluent in English, French, and German. 1

focus n, v ˈfəʊkəs to give special attention to one particular person or thing, or to make people do this He needs to focus more on his studies. 1

hexagon n ˈheksəɡən a shape with six sides The room was shaped like a hexagon 1 linguistic adj lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk related to language, words, or linguistics a child’s linguistic development 1 monologue n ˈmɒnəlɒɡ a long speech by one person Henry looked up, then continued his monologue. 1

multicultural adj ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl involving or including people or ideas from many different countries, races, or religions a multicultural society 1

norm n nɔːm the usual or normal situation, way of doing something etc

Short term contracts are now the norm with some big companies. 1

perception n pəˈsepʃən the way you think about something and your idea of what it is like children’s perceptions of the world 1

proficiency n prəˈfɪʃənsi a good standard of ability and skill a high level of proficiency in English 1

quadrangle n ˈkwɒdrænɡəl a square open area with buildings all around it, especially at a school or college Let's meet in the quadrangle. 1

rate v reɪt to give a particular grade or value to something He rated his course six on a scale of one to ten 1

syllable n ˈsɪləbəl a word or part of a word which contains a single vowel sound Excellent' has three syllables 1

folk tale n fəʊk teɪl a traditional story, passed on from generation to generation each culture has its own set of folk tales 1

Expert PTE Academic B2 2


assignment n əˈsaɪnmənt a piece of work that is given to someone as part of their studies or their job

She’s having trouble with her assignment; she'll speak to her lecturer about it tomorrow. 1

acknowledge v əkˈnɒlɪdʒ to admit or accept that something is true or that a situation exists

The government acknowledge the need for change. 1

aid v eɪd to help someone do something an index to aid the reader 1 ample adj ˈæmpəl more than enough You’ll have ample time for questions later. 1

aware (of) adj əˈweə (ʌv) knowing that something exists or happens He was aware of the need to do well in the exam. 1

base on v beɪs ɒn used as a model from which something else is developed

Based on his previous experience, he knew the task would be difficult. 1

convey v kənˈveɪ to communicate or express something, with or without using words

All this information can be conveyed in a simple diagram. 1

discipline n ˈdɪsəplən, ˈdɪsɪplən

an area of knowledge or teaching, especially one such as history, chemistry, mathematics etc. that is studied at a university not all universities do research in all disciplines 1

immediacy n ɪˈmiːdiəsi

when something is important or urgent because it relates to a situation or event that is happening now

immediacy of response isn't necessary in this situation 1

incredibly adv ɪnˈkredəbli, ɪnˈkredɪbli extremely cigarettes are incredibly addictive. 1

intently adv ɪnˈtentli to be determined to do something or achieve something Jake listened intently. 1

mesmerised adj ˈmezməraɪzd

if you are mesmerised by someone or something, you cannot stop watching them or listening to them becusae they are so attractive or have such a powerful effect

The first time I saw Diane I was mesmerised by her beauty. 1

motivating adj ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪŋ

making someone very keen to do something or achieve something, especially because you find it interesting or exciting Everyone found it very motivating. 1

rich adj rɪtʃ full of interesting or important facts, events or ideas a story rich in description and action 1

take in v teɪk ɪn understand and remember it's hard to take it all in at once 1

vanish v ˈvænɪʃ to disappear suddenly, especially in a way that cannot be easily explained

My keys were here a minute ago but now they’ve vanished. 1

version n ˈvɜːʃən a copy of something that has been changed so that it is slightly different a new version of the software 1

case study n keɪs ˈstʌdi

a detailed account of the development of a particular person, group, or situation that has been studied over a period of time

We'll look at a couple of case studies in this lecture. 1



collaborative adj kəˈlæbərətɪv a job or piece of work that involves two or more people working together to achieve something a collaborative effort 1

fall behind v fɔːl bɪˈhaɪnd to become less successful than other people, companies, countries etc Due to illness, he fell behind in his studies. 1

imitation n ˌɪməˈteɪʃən, ˌɪmɪˈteɪʃən when you copy someone else’s actions

Many people think that children learn language by imitation. 1

lack (of) n læk (ʌv) when there is not enough of something, or none of it a lack of effort 1

outline n ˈaʊtlaɪn the main ideas or facts about something, without the details an outline of a research project 1

pilot v ˈpaɪlət

a small research project, etc. which is carried out as a test to sese if an idea, product etc. will be successful a pilot project to produce electric cars 1

preparedness n

prɪˈpeədnəs, prɪˈpeədnɪs, -ˈpeərəd- when someone is ready for something

the country’s lack of preparedness for the effects of climate change 1

diffuse adj dɪˈfjuːs spread in many directions The organization is large and diffuse. 2

disguise v dɪsˈɡaɪz to change someone’s appearance so that people cannot recognize them

Maybe you could disguise yourself as a waiter and sneak in there. 2

divorce n dəˈvɔːs, dɪˈvɔːs the legal ending of a marriage Why doesn’t she get a divorce? 2

hypothesis n haɪˈpɒθəsəs, haɪˈpɒθəsɪs

an idea that is suggested as an explanation for something, but that has not yet been proved to be true

One hypothesis is that the victim fell asleep while driving. 2

input n ˈɪnpʊt information that is put into a process, a machine, etc the data that you input into the computer 2

output n ˈaʊtpʊt data that is produced by a process, a machine etc computer output 2

preoccupation n priːˌɒkjəˈpeɪʃən, priːˌɒkjʊˈpeɪʃən

when someone thinks or worries about something a lot, with the result that they do not pay attention to other things the current preoccupation with sex and scandal 2

spirit n ˈspɪrət, ˈspɪrɪt

the part of someone that you cannot see, that consists of the qualities that make up their character

Although Laurie is dead, I can feel his spirit with me. 2

challenge n ˈtʃæləndʒ, ˈtʃælɪndʒ

something that tests strength, skill, or ability, especially in a way that is interesting

The company is ready to meet the challenges of the next few years. 2

controversy n ˈkɒntrəvɜːsi, kənˈtrɒvəsi

a serious argument about something that involves many people and continues for a long time a political controversy 2



initiative n ɪˈnɪʃətɪv an important new plan or process to achieve a particular aim or to solve a particular problem a government initiative to help the homeless 2

insight n ˈɪnsaɪt

a sudden clear understanding of something or part of something, especially a complicated situation or idea

The article gives us a real insight into the causes of the present economic crisis. 2

notion n ˈnəʊʃən an idea, belief, or opinion misguided notions of male superiority 2

obstacle n ˈɒbstəkəl something that makes it difficult to achieve something Fear of change is an obstacle to progress. 2

perspective n pəˈspektɪv

a way of thinking about something, especially one which is influenced by the type of person you are or by your experiences

His father’s death gave him a whole new perspective on life. 2

scenario n səˈnɑːriəʊ, sɪˈnɑːriəʊ a situation that could possibly happen

Imagine a scenario where only 20% of people have a job. 2

theme n θiːm the main subject or idea in a piece of writing, speech, film etc

The book’s theme is the conflict between love and duty. 2

fatigue n fəˈtiːɡ very great tiredness Sam’s face was grey with fatigue. 2

adequate adj ˈædɪkwət, ˈædɪkwɪt

enough in quantity or of a good enough quality for a particular purpose

Farmers have been slow to make adequate provision for their retirement. 2

achieve v əˈtʃiːv to successfully complete something or get a good result, especially by working hard Frances achieved very good exam results. 2

compete v kəmˈpiːt

if one company or country competes with another, it tries to get people to buy its goods or services rather than those available from another company or country

They found themselves competing with foreign companies for a share of the market. 2

enhance v ɪnˈhɑːns to improve something Good lighting will enhance any room. 2

expert n ˈekspɜːt

someone who has a special skill or special knowledge of a subject, gained as a result of training or experience He’s a world expert on marine mammals. 2

involve v ɪnˈvɒlv if an activity or situation involves something, that thing is part of it or a result of it What will the job involve? 2

nutrient n ˈnjuːtriənt a chemical or food that provides what is needed for plants or animals to live and grow The plant absorbs nutrients from the soil. 2

outcome n ˈaʊtkʌm

the final result of a meeting, discussion, war etc – used especially when no one knows what it will be until it actually happens

It was impossible to predict the outcome of the election. 2

participate v pɑːˈtɪsəpeɪt, pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt to take part in an activity or event Some members refused to participate. 2

perform v pəˈfɔːm to do something well or badly The team performed poorly on Saturday. 2



recover v rɪˈkʌvə to get better after an illness, accident, shock etc After a few days of fever, she began to recover. 2

technical adj ˈteknɪkəl related to small exact details or rules that say how a system should work

The workshop discussed various technical issues. 2

artificial adj ˌɑːtəˈfɪʃəl, ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃəl

not real or not made of natural things but made to be like something that is real or natural artificial flowers 2

contention n kənˈtenʃən a strong opinion that someone expresses Her main contention is that doctors should do more to encourage healthy eating. 2

joint n dʒɔɪnt a part of your body that can bend because two bones meet there a permanently damaged knee joint 2

physical adj ˈfɪzɪkəl related to someone’s body rather than their mind or emotions She was in constant physical pain. 2

potential adj pəˈtenʃəl likely to develop into a particular type of person or thing in the future He never reached his full potential. 2

sensor n ˈsensə a piece of equipment used for measuring light, heat, movement etc The device isn't working; its sensor has failed. 2

serve (to) v sɜːv to have a particular effect or result a single example serves to illustrate what I mean 2

aesthetic adj iːsˈθetɪk, es- connected with beauty and the study of beauty From an esthetic point of view, it’s a nice design. 3

character n ˈkærəktə, ˈkærɪktə

the particular combination of features and qualities that makes a thing or place different from all others

the unique character of eighteenth-century country houses 3

compress v kəmˈpres to press something or make it smaller so that it takes up less space, or to become smaller

It compressed easily when a heavy weight was put on it. 3

intermission n ˌɪntəˈmɪʃən a period of time between two or more parts of something, e.g. a concert

There was a short intermission in construction work. 3

noticeable adj ˈnəʊtəsəbəl, ˈnəʊtɪsəbəl easy to notice Alcohol has a noticeable effect on the body. 3

outbreak n ˈaʊtbreɪk if there is an outbreak of fighting or disease in an area, it suddenly starts to happen an outbreak of flu 3

resume v rɪˈzjuːm to start doing something again after stopping or being interrupted

She hopes to resume work after the baby is born. 3

assemble v əˈsembəl to put all the parts of something together The aircraft will continue to be assembled in France. 3

collapse v kəˈlæps if a building, wall etc collapses, it falls down suddenly, usually because it is weak or damaged Uncle Ted’s chair collapsed under his weight. 3

commence v kəˈmens to begin or to start something Work will commence on the new building immediately. 3



conventional adj kənˈvenʃənəl

a conventional method, product, practice etc has been used for a long time and is considered the usual type

Internet connections through conventional phone lines are fairly slow. 3

create v kriˈeɪt to make something exist that did not exist before

Scientists believe the universe was created in a big explosion. 3

demolish v dɪˈmɒlɪʃ to completely destroy a building The entire east wing of the building was demolished in the fire. 3

exist v ɪɡˈzɪst to happen or be present in a particular situation or place

The custom of marriages arranged by parents still exists in many countries. 3

finalise v ˈfaɪnəl-aɪz to finish the last part of a plan, business deal etc Jo flew out to Thailand to finalize the details of the deal. 3

inclination n ˌɪŋkləˈneɪʃən, ˌɪŋklɪˈneɪʃən a slope or the angle at which something slopes the inclination of the lines on the graph 3

ingenious adj ɪnˈdʒiːniəs

an ingenious plan, idea, or object works well and is the result of clever thinking and new ideas

Many fish have ingenious ways of protecting their eggs from predators. 3

knock down v nɒk daʊn to destroy a building or part of a building They want to knock the house down and rebuild it. 3

influence v, n ˈɪnfluəns

to affect the way someone or something develops, behaves, thinks, etc. without directly forcing or ordering them

His writing was greatly influenced by his favourite authors. 3

represent v ˌreprɪˈzent to be a symbol of something The symbol of the eagle represents strength and skill. 3

argue v ˈɑːɡjuː to state, giving clear reasons, that something is true, should be done, etc.

All the available evidence argues against this theory. 3

cast doubt on v kɑːst daʊt to make people feel less certain about something

Her documentary casts serious doubt on the theory. 3

emphasise v ˈemfəsaɪz to say something in a strong way The report emphasizes the importance of improving safety standards. 3

inform v ɪnˈfɔːm to officially tell someone about something or give them information They decided to inform the police 3

mention v ˈmenʃən

to talk or write about something or someone, usually quickly and without saying very much or giving details Was my name mentioned at all? 3

note v nəʊt to mention something because it is important or interesting

The architect noted that he knew of no serious problems with this type of design. 3

observe v əbˈzɜːv to say or write what you have noticed about a situation

He observed that most societies are divided into classes. 3

point out v pɔɪnt aʊt to tell someone something that they did not already know or had not thought about

He was always very keen to point out my mistakes. 3



prove v pruːv to show that something is true by providing facts, information etc You’re wrong, and I can prove it. 3

question v ˈkwestʃən to express doubts about whether something is true, good, necessary, etc. Are you questioning what I'm saying? 3

stress v stres to emphasize a statement, fact, or idea The report stressed that student math skills need to improve. 3

aspire v əˈspaɪə to desire and work towards achieving something important

college graduates aspiring to careers in architecture 3

distinctive adj dɪˈstɪŋktɪv

having a special quality, character, or appearance that is different and easy to recognize a rock band with a distinctive sound 3

dynamic adj daɪˈnæmɪk full of energy and new ideas, and determined to succeed dynamic and ambitious people 3

economic adj ˌekəˈnɒmɪk, ˌiː- relating to trade, industry, and the management of money Economic growth is slow. 3

financial adj fəˈnænʃəl, fɪˈnænʃəl, faɪ- relating to money or the management of money financial transactions 3

individual adj ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl, ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl

a person considered separately from the society they live in

Each individual has a different set of personal opinions. 3

investment n ɪnˈvestmənt

the use of money to get a profit or to make a business activity successful, or the money that is used We plan to buy some property as an investment. 3

style n staɪl

a particular way of doing, designing, or producing something, especially one that is typical of a particular place, period of time, or group of people

an attempt to use Japanese management style in a European business 3

sustainability n səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti, səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti

able to continue without causing damage to the environment

Sustainability is at the heart of our building designs. 3

arc n ɑːk a curved shape or line the arc of a rainbow 3

bend v bend to become cured and no longer flat or straight Several branches started bending towards the ground. 3

sword n sɔːd a weapon with a long pointed blade and a handle

The treaty hung like a sword of Damocles over French politics. 3

dialogue n ˈdaɪəlɒɡ a conversation in a book, play, or film a boring movie full of bad dialog 4

bombard v bɒmˈbɑːd

to do something too often or too much, for example criticising or questioning someone, or giving too much information The office was bombarded with telephone calls. 4

capture v ˈkæptʃə to get something that you didn't have before We aim to capture eight percent of the UK wine market. 4



superior adj suːˈpɪəriə

better, more powerful, more effective etc than a similar person or thing, especially one that you are competing against

Fletcher’s superior technique brought him victory. 4

abundance n əˈbʌndəns a large quantity of something an abundance of wavy red hair 4

competitive adj kəmˈpetətɪv, kəmˈpetɪtɪv

determined or trying very hard to be more successful than other people or businesses

Some US industries are not as competitive as they have been in the past. 4

consumer n kənˈsjuːmə someone who buys and uses products and services Consumers will soon be paying higher airfares. 4

consumption n kənˈsʌmpʃən the act of buying and using products Last year saw a large increase in the consumption of electrical products. 4

distribute v dɪˈstrɪbjuːt to send goods to shops and customers The company's distribution system needs improvement. 4

obtain v əbˈteɪn to get something that you want, especially through your own effort, skill, or work

Further information can be obtained from head office. 4

product n ˈprɒdʌkt something that is grown or made in a factory in large quantities, usually in order to be sold consumer products such as smartphones 4

productive adj prəˈdʌktɪv producing or achieving a lot Most of us are more productive in the morning. 4

promote v prəˈməʊt

to encourage people to buy new products through advertising, publicity, sales campaigns, etc.

We need to promote our products more strongly! 4

leadership n ˈliːdəʃɪp the quality of being good at leading a group, organisation, country etc.

She has great faith in her own leadership qualities. 4

accordingly adv əˈkɔːdɪŋli

in a way that is suitable for a particular situation or that is based on what someone has done or said

Katherine still considered him a child and treated him accordingly. 4

administration n ədˌmɪnəˈstreɪʃən, ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən

the activities that are involved in managing the work of a company or organization; the government of a country at a particular time

We’re looking for someone with experience in administration. 4

authority n ɔːˈθɒrəti, ɔːˈθɒrɪti, ə-

an official organisation or a government department that has particular responsiblities and the power to make decisions We have to apply to the local authority. 4

colleague n ˈkɒliːɡ someone you work with - used especially by professional people a colleague of mine from the bank 4

corporation n ˌkɔːpəˈreɪʃən a big company, or a group of companies acting together as a single organization He works for a large American corporation. 4

ethical adj ˈeθɪkəl relating to principles of what is right and wrong The use of animals in scientific tests raises difficult ethical questions. 4

facility n fəˈsɪləti, fəˈsɪlɪti rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose the company's production facilities 4



institution n ˌɪnstəˈtjuːʃən, ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃən

a large organization that has a particular kind of work or purpose the government and other political institutions 4

integrity n ɪnˈteɡrəti, ɪnˈteɡrɪti

the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right a man of great moral integrity 4

interaction n ˌɪntərˈækʃən the activity of takling to other people, working together with them etc

the degree of interaction between teacher and student 4

majority n məˈdʒɒrəti, məˈdʒɒrɪti most of the people or things in a group

The majority of workers find it quite hard to live on the amount of money they earn. 4

regime n reɪˈʒiːm

a government, especially one that was not elected fairly or that you disapprove of for some other reason The regime got rid of most of its opponents. 4

site n saɪt a place that is used for a particular purpose Our other site is the company's research and development facility. 4

subsidiary n səbˈsɪdiəri a company that is owned or controlled by another larger company a subsidiary of a US company 4

vision n ˈvɪʒən the knowledge and imagination that are needed in planning for the future with a clear purpose his enthusiasm and clarity of vision 4

articulate v ɑːˈtɪkjəleɪt, ɑːˈtɪkjʊleɪt to express your ideas or feelings in words

Many people are unable to articulate the unhappiness they feel. 4

captivate v ˈkæptəveɪt, ˈkæptɪveɪt

to attract someone very much, and hold their attention He was captivated by her intelligence. 4

crisis n ˈkraɪsəs, ˈkraɪsɪs

a situation in which there are a lot of problems that must be dealt with quickly so that the situation does not get worse or more dangerous The country now faces an economic crisis. 4

eloquent adj ˈeləkwənt able to express your ideas and opinions well, especially in a way that influences people an eloquent appeal for support 4

mine n maɪn a deep hole or holes in the ground that people dig so that they can remove coal, gold, tin etc one of the largest coal mines in the country 5

endurance n ɪnˈdjʊərəns the ability to continue doing something difficult or painful over a long period of time

She was pushed beyond her powers of endurance. 5

feat n fiːt something that is an impressive achievement, because it needs a lot of skill, strength etc to do

They climbed the mountain in 28 days, a remarkable feat. 5

irresistible adj ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbəl, ˌɪrɪˈzɪstɪbəl

so attractive, desirable etc that you cannot prevent yourself from wanting it

Tax-cutting proposals could prove irresistible to lawmakers. 5

scale v skeɪl to climb to the top of something that is high and difficult to climb

Rescuers had to scale a 300-metre cliff to reach the injured climber. 5

weave v wiːv to put many different ideas, subjects, stories etc together and connect them smooothly

She weaves a complicated plot of romance and intrigue 5



withstand v wɪðˈstænd, wɪθ- to be strong enough to remain unharmed by something such as great heat, cold, pressure etc

This fabric can withstand steam and high temperatures. 5

authority n ɔːˈθɒrəti, ɔːˈθɒrɪti, ə-

someone who knows a lot about a subject and whose knowledge and opinions are greatly respected a leading authority on Chinese food 5

deforestation n diːˌfɒrəˈsteɪʃən, diːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃən

the cutting or burning down of all the trees in an area the deforestation of the tropics 5

exploitation n ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃən the development and use of minerals, forests, oil etc for business or industry

the exploitation of natural resources often causes significant environmental damage 5

fluctuation n ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃən rapid change in a price, amount, level etc the fluctuation in interest rates 5 global adj ˈɡləʊbəl affecting or including the whole world global climate change 5 hydroelectric adj ˌhaɪdrəʊ-ɪˈlektrɪk using water power to produce electricity a huge hydroelectric power station 5

implausible adj ɪmˈplɔːzəbəl, ɪmˈplɔːzɪbəl

difficult to believe and therefore unlikely to be true

Margaret found his excuse somewhat implausible. 5

inaccurate adj ɪnˈækjərət, ɪnˈækjʊrət not completely correct

A lot of what has been written about him is inaccurate. 5

inappropriate adj ˌɪnəˈprəʊpri-ət, ˌɪnəˈprəʊpri-ɪt

not suitable, right or polite enough for a particular purpose or in a particular situation

His comments were wholly inappropriate on such a solemn occasion. 5

incompatible adj ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbəl, ˌɪnkəmˈpætɪbəl

two things that are incompatible cannot exist or be accepted otgether

Business interests are incompatible with government work. 5

innovation n ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən a new idea, method, or invention recent innovations in English teaching 5

inspire v ɪnˈspaɪə to encourage someone by making them feel confident and eager to do something We need someone who can inspire the team. 5

mature v, adj məˈtʃʊə to improve or become more sensible with age He has matured considerably over the last ten years. 5

minimise v ˈmɪnəmaɪz, ˈmɪnɪmaɪz

to reduce something that is difficult, dangerous, or unpleasant to the smallest possible amount or degree

Every effort is being made to minimize civilian casualties. 5

outdated adj ˌaʊtˈdeɪtəd, ˌaʊtˈdeɪtɪd

if something is outdated, it is no longer considered useful or effective, because something more modern exists outdated teaching methods 5

pressurise v ˈpreʃəraɪz to put something under high pressure pressurise the gas 5

prioritise v praɪˈɒrətaɪz, praɪˈɒrɪtaɪz

to put several things, problems etc in order of importance, so that you can deal with the most important ones first You need to prioritize your tasks. 5

radical adj ˈrædɪkəl a radical change or difference is very big and important

They are proposing radical changes to the way the company is run. 5

refine v rɪˈfaɪn to improve a method, plan, system etc by gradually making slight changes to it Car makers are constantly refining their designs. 5



renewable adj rɪˈnjuːəbəl

renewable energy replaces itself naturally, or is easily replaced because there is a large supply of it renewable energy such as solar power 5

sceptical adj ˈskeptɪkəl tending to disagree with what other people tell you

I’m extremely sceptical about what I read in many newspapers. 5

submarine adj ˈsʌbməriːn, ˌsʌbməˈriːn growing or used under the sea submarine plant life 5

unconventional adj ˌʌnkənˈvenʃənəl very different from the way people usually behave, think, dress etc

He was liked for his unconventional political views. 5

unconvinced adj ˌʌnkənˈvɪnst not persuaded that something is true or good I remain unconvinced that the idea will work. 5

uninhabitable adj ˌʌnɪnˈhæbətəbəl, ˌʌnɪnˈhæbɪtəbəl

if a place is uninhabitable, it is impossible to live in

Much of the country is uninhabitable because it is desert. 5

wise adj waɪz wise decisions and actions are sensible and based on good judgment

It’s wise to check whether the flight times have changed before you leave for the airport. 5

recreation n ˌrekriˈeɪʃən an activity that you do for pleasure or amusement

His only recreations are drinking beer and watching football. 5

climate change n ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ

serious changes in the weather conditions on the Earth, happening naturally or caused by human activities

The likely consquences of climate change are clear. 5

emission n ɪˈmɪʃən a gas or other substance that is sent into the air Britain agreed to cut emissions of nitrogen oxide from power stations. 5

fossil fuels n ˈfɒsəl ˈfjuː‿əlz

a fuel such as coal or oil that is produced by the very gradual decaying of animals or plants over millions of years

Environmentalists would like to see fossil fuels replaced by renewable energy sources 5

greenhouse gas n ˈɡriːnhaʊs ɡæs

a gas, especially carbon dioxide or methane, that is thought to trap heat above the Earth and cause the greenhouse effect

We are making every effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 5

endangered adj ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd

If an animal or plant is endangered, there is a real danger that soon there will be no living examples of its type.

The lizards are classed as an endangered species . 5

extinction n ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən when a particular type of animal or plant stops existing species in danger of extinction 5

generate v ˈdʒenəreɪt to produce or cause something a useful technique for generating new ideas 5

habitat n ˈhæbətæt, ˈhæbɪtæt the natural home of a plant or animal watching monkeys in their natural habitat 5

pollution n pəˈluːʃən

the process of making air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use, or the state of being dangerously dirty California’s tough anti-pollution laws 5



contribute v kənˈtrɪbjuːt to give money, help, ideas etc to something that a lot of other people are also involved in

Government employees cannot contribute to political campaigns. 5

convert v kənˈvɜːt

to change something into a different form, or to change something so that it can be used for a different purpose or in a different way

They converted the spare bedroom into an office. 5

effect n ɪˈfekt a change that is caused by an event, action etc My parents’ divorce had a big effect on me. 5

imply v ɪmˈplaɪ to suggest that something is true, without saying this directly

Cleo blushed. She had not meant to imply that he was lying. 5

undertake v ˌʌndəˈteɪk to do something, usually something difficult Dr Johnson undertook the task of writing a comprehensive English dictionary. 5

violate v ˈvaɪəleɪt to disobey or do something against an official agreement, law, principle etc

34 protesters were arrested for violating criminal law. 5

awe n ɔː a feeling of great respect and liking for someone or something He felt great awe for the landscape. 5

conservative adj kənˈsɜːvətɪv a guess or approximation that is deliberatly less severe than what the real amount probably is

At a conservative estimate, the holiday will cost about $1500. 5

irritation n ˌɪrəˈteɪʃən, ˌɪrɪˈteɪʃən

the feeling of being annoyed about something, especially something that happens repeatedly or for a long time

The heavy traffic is a constant source of irritation. 5

notoriously adv nəʊˈtɔːri‿əsli famous or well known for something bad Statistics can be notoriously unreliable. 5

hunt v hʌnt to chase animals and birds in order to kill or catch them the hills where I hunted deer as a kid 5

altruism n ˈæltru-ɪzəm when you care about or help other people, even though this brings no advantage to yourself

Many choose to work in developing countries out of altruism. 6

arise v əˈraɪz if a problem or difficult situation arises, it begins to happen A crisis has arisen. 6

distress n dɪˈstres a feeling of extreme unhappiness Luke’s behaviour caused his parents great distress. 6

empathy n ˈempəθi the ability to understand other people’s feelings and problems She had great empathy with people. 6

in a ___ fashion n ˈfæʃən in a particular way Perhaps they could sit down and discuss things in a civilised fashion. 6

impulse n ˈɪmpʌls

a sudden strong desire to do something without thinking about whether it is a sensible thing to do a sudden impulse to laugh 6

sympathy n ˈsɪmpəθi the feeling of being sorry for someone who is in a bad situation

I have a lot of sympathy for her; she had to bring up the children on her own. 6



attitude n ˈætətjuːd, ˈætɪtjuːd

the opinions and feelings that you usually have about something, especially when this is shown in your behaviour

As soon as they found out I was a doctor, their whole attitude changed. 6

attribute v əˈtrɪbjuːt to believe or say that a situation or event is caused by something

The fall in the number of deaths from heart disease is generally attributed to improvements in diet. 6

bond n bɒnd to develop a special relationship with someone Time must be given for the parents to bond with their baby. 6

commitment n kəˈmɪtmənt a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way

Are you ready to make a long-term commitment? 6

conformity n kənˈfɔːməti, kənˈfɔːmɪti

behaviour that obeys the accepted rules of society or a group, and is the same as that of most other people an emphasis on conformity and control 6

cooperation n kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃən when you work with someone to achieve something that you both want political co-operation with Britain 6

obedience n əˈbiːdiəns when someone does what they are told to do, or what a law, rule etc says they must do obedience to his parents 6

response n rɪˈspɒns something that is done as a reaction to something that has happened or been said the public’s response to our appeal for help 6

peer n pɪə

your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc

American children did less well in math than their peers in Japan. 6

extroversion n ˌekstrəˈvɜːʃən having the kind of personality that enjoys communicating energetically with other people

Extroversion is a common character trait amongst actors. 6

introversion n ˌɪntrəˈvɜːʃən

someone who is introverted is quiet and shy and does not enjoy always enjoy meeting new people Introversion is part of my character. 6

gender n ˈdʒendə the fact of being male or female people of the same gender 6

convincingly adv kənˈvɪnsɪŋli making you believe that something is true or right He acted the role of a criminal very convincingly. 6

intriguingly adv ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋli something that is intriguing is very interesting because it is strange, mysterious, or unexpected

Intriguingly, there may be a solution to the problem. 6

paradoxically adv ˌpærəˈdɒksɪkli in a way that is surprising because it is the opposite of what you would expect

Paradoxically, the prohibition of liquor caused an increase in alcoholism. 6

unintentionally adv ˌʌnɪnˈtentʃən‿əli not done deliberately He unintentionally spilled the coffee. 6

unremarkably adv ˌʌnrɪˈmɑːkəbəli if something is unremarkable, it is not very unusual or interesting He led a busy but unremarkable life. 6

depressed adj dɪˈprest a feeling of great sadness, sometimes a form of illness She suffered badly from depression. 6



devoted adj dɪˈvəʊtəd, dɪˈvəʊtɪd

giving someone or something a lot of love and attention a devoted father 6

inhibited adj ɪnˈhɪbətəd, ɪnˈhɪbɪtəd

too embarrassed or nervous to do or say what you want

Many people are inhibited about discussing sexual matters. 6

isolated adj ˈaɪsəleɪtəd, ˈaɪsəleɪtɪd feeling alone or not fitting in with others

his feeling of isolation increased during winter, when travel was difficult 6

persistent adj pəˈsɪstənt continuing to exist or happen, especially for longer than is usual or desirable persistent rumours 6

relaxed adj rɪˈlækst feeling calm, comfortable, and not worried or annoyed

Gail was lying in the sun looking very relaxed and happy. 6

reluctant adj rɪˈlʌktənt slow and unwilling She gave a reluctant smile. 6 stressed adj strest so worried and tired that you cannot relax I always eat when I’m feeling stressed. 6

demographic adj ˌdeməˈɡræfɪk information about a group such as the people who live in a particular area demographic change 6

moderate v ˈmɒdəreɪt to make something less extreme or violent, or to become less extreme or violent The students moderated their demands. 6

prior adj ˈpraɪə existing or arranged before something else or before the present situation

You do not need any prior knowledge of the subject. 6

sample adj ˈsɑːmpəl

a small part or amount of something that is examined in order to find out something about the whole I’d like to see some samples of your work. 6

amphibian n æmˈfɪbiən an animal such as a frog that can live both on land and in water The amphibian population in Britain is declining. 7

insect n ˈɪnsekt a small creature such as a fly or ant, that has six legs, and sometimes wings an insect bite 7

mammal n ˈmæməl a type of animal that drinks milk from its mother’s body when it is young. Humans, cats and whales are mammals. 7

reptile n ˈreptaɪl

a type of animal, such as a snake or lizard, whose body temperature changes according to the temperature around it, and that usually lays eggs to have babies

Some reptiles, such as crocodiles, can be very dangerous. 7

anatomy n əˈnætəmi the scientific study of the structure of human or animal bodies a professor of anatomy 7

encroachment n ɪnˈkrəʊtʃmənt to gradually take more land The mine encroached on more farmland as it expanded. 7

horn n hɔːn

the hard pointed thing that grows, usually in pairs, on the heads of animals such as cows and goats a knife with a horn handle 7



keep a low profile n ˈprəʊfaɪl

to not go to places or be careful not to do anything that will attract attention to yourself or your actions

He's not the sort of politician to keep a low profile for long. 7

spy v spaɪ to suddenly see someone or something, especially after searching for them Ellen suddenly spied her friend in the crowd. 7

acquire v əˈkwaɪə to gain knowledge or learn a skill Elsie acquired a good knowledge of Mandarin Chinese. 7

adjust v əˈdʒʌst

to change or move something slightly to improve it or make it more suitable for a particular purpose

We'll adjust to the climate here in the rainforest eventually. 7

astronomy n əˈstrɒnəmi the scientific study of the stars and planets an interest in astronomy 7 biology n baɪˈɒlədʒi the scientific study of living things a degree in biology 7 bizarre adj bəˈzɑː, bɪˈzɑː very unusual or strange a bizarre coincidence 7

botany n ˈbɒtəni the scientific study of plants research into the botany of the Andes cloud forests 7

bright adj braɪt intelligent and able to learn things quickly He is constantly coming up with bright ideas. 7

chemistry n ˈkeməstri, ˈkemɪstri

the science that is concerned with studying the structure of substances and the way that they change or combine with each other

It’s obvious that there’s a very real chemistry between them. 7

creature n ˈkriːtʃə anything that is living, such as an animal, fish, or insect, but not a plant all the living creatures in the sea 7

ecology n ɪˈkɒlədʒi

the way in which plants, animals, and people are related to each other and to their environment, or the scientific study of this the natural ecology of the Earth 7

elaborate adj ɪˈlæbərət, ɪˈlæbərɪt

having a lot of small parts or details put together in a complicated way pure silk cloths with elaborate patterns 7

evolve v ɪˈvɒlv if an animal or plant evolves, it changes gradually over a long period of time Fish evolved from prehistoric sea creatures. 7

intricate adj ˈɪntrɪkət, ˈɪntrɪkɪt containing many small parts or details that all work or fit together intricate patterns 7

mechanics n mɪˈkænɪks the science that deals with the effects of forces on objects the mechanics of it should work 7

microbiology n ˌmaɪkrəʊbaɪˈɒlədʒi the scientific study of very small living things such as bacteria

a microbiological examination of the fibres found near the body 7

physics n ˈfɪzɪks

the science concerned with the study of physical objects and substances, and of natural forces such as light, heat, and movement He's studying physics. 7



weird adj wɪəd very strange and unusual, and difficult to understand or explain A really weird thing happened last night. 7

infant n ˈɪnfənt a baby or very young child An infant’s skin is very sensitive. 7

marine adj məˈriːn relating to the sea and the creatures that live there the enormous variety of marine life 7

aquarium n əˈkweəriəm a clear glass or plastic container for fish and other water animals we need to prevent leaks in the aquarium 7

captivity n kæpˈtɪvəti, kæpˈtɪvɪti

when a person or animal is kept in a prison, cage etc and not allowed to go where they want The hostages were released from captivity. 7

jaw n dʒɔː one of the two bones that your teeth are in a broken jaw 7

skull n skʌl the bones of a person’s or animal’s head He can’t seem to get it into his skull that I’m just not interested in him. 7

spine n spaɪn

the row of bones down the centre of your back that supports your body and protects your spinal cord His spine wasn't broken in the fall. 7

aspect n ˈæspekt one part of a situation, idea, plan etc that has many parts

Dealing with people is the most important aspect of my work. 7

attempt v əˈtempt to try to do something, especially something difficult

In this chapter I will attempt to explain what led up to the revolution. 7

constrain v kənˈstreɪn to stop someone from doing what they want to do

Financial factors should not constrain doctors from prescribing the best treatment for patients. 7

core n kɔː the most important or central part of something the core of the problem 7

element n ˈeləmənt, ˈelɪmənt

one part or feature of a whole system, plan, piece of work etc, especially one that is basic or important Honesty is a vital element of her success. 7

inadequate adj ɪnˈædəkwət, ɪnˈædɪkwət

not good enough, big enough, skilled enough etc for a particular purpose inadequate resources 7

microbe n ˈmaɪkrəʊb an extremely small living thing which you can only see if you use a microscope Some microbes can cause diseases. 7

organism n ˈɔːɡənɪzəm an animal, plant, human, or any other living thing

All living organisms have to adapt to changes in environmental conditions. 7

oxygen n ˈɒksɪdʒən

a gas that has no colour or smell, is present in air, and is necessary for most animals and plants to live. It is a chemical element: symbol O

Air comprises oxygen, nitrogen, and small amounts of other chemicals. 7

species n ˈspiːʃiːz

a group of animals or plants whose members are similar and can breed together to produce young animals or plants

Seven species of birds of prey have been observed. 7



trace n treɪs a very small amount of a quality, emotion, substance etc that is difficult to see or notice

I saw the faintest trace of a smile on Sandra's face. 7

visible adj ˈvɪzəbəl, ˈvɪzɪbəl something that is visible can be seen The outline of the mountains was clearly visible. 7

absence n ˈæbsəns the lack of something or the fact that it does not exist a complete absence of any kind of planning 7

nuclear adj ˈnjuːkliə

relating to or involving the nucleus (=central part) of an atom, or the energy produced when the nucleus of an atom is either split or joined with the nucleus of another atom France’s reliance on nuclear energy 7

planet n ˈplænət, ˈplænɪt a very large round object in space that moves around the Sun or another star

Mercury is the smallest of all the planets in our solar system. 7

sphere n sfɪə a ball shape Planets are spheres. 7 surface n ˈsɜːfəs, ˈsɜːfɪs the top layer of an area of water or land Dead leaves floated on the surface of the water. 7

humanity n hjuːˈmænəti, hjuːˈmænɪti people in general

We want a clean healthy environment for all humanity. 7

sculpture n ˈskʌlptʃə an object made out of stone, wood, clay etc by an artist a sculpture of an elephant 8

abstract adj ˈæbstrækt based on general ideas or principles rather than specific examples or real events the ability to translate abstract ideas into words 8

depiction n dɪˈpɪkʃən

describing something or someone in writing or speech, or showing them in a painting, picture etc a book depicting life in pre-revolutionary Russia 8

expressive adj ɪkˈspresɪv showing very clearly what someone thinks or feels her wonderfully expressive eyes 8

surreal adj səˈrɪəl

a situation or experience that is surreal is very strange and difficult to understand, like something from a dream surreal art 8

apprentice n əˈprentəs, əˈprentɪs

someone who works for an employer for a fixed period of time in order to learn a particular skill or job She works in the hairdresser’s as an apprentice. 8

calligrapher n kə ˈlɪɡ rəf ə someone who produces beautiful writing using special pens or brushes a famous Japanese calligrapher 8

disapproval n ˌdɪsəˈpruːvəl

an attitude that shows you think that someone or their behaviour, ideas etc are bad or not suitable

strong disapproval of the country’s human rights record 8

eccentric adj ɪkˈsentrɪk behaving in a way that is unusual and different from most people his eccentric behaviour 8

meticulous adj məˈtɪkjələs, mɪˈtɪkjələs

very careful about small details, and always making sure that everything is done correctly He kept meticulous accounts. 8



renowned adj rɪˈnaʊnd known and admired by a lot of people, especially for a special skill, achievement, or quality an island renowned for its beauty 8

stint n stɪnt a period of time spent doing a particular job or activity Mark did a two-year stint in the army. 8

venerated adj ˈvenəreɪtɪd honoured or respected because they are old, holy, or connected with the past

In some religions, the sun is an object of veneration. 8

ambitious adj æmˈbɪʃəs determined to do well in a job, be successful, rich, powerful etc

Alfred was intensely ambitious, obsessed with the idea of becoming rich. 8

analogy n əˈnælədʒi something that seems similar between two situations, processes etc analogies between human and animal behaviour 8

contemporary adj kənˈtempərəri, -pəri belonging to the present time an exhibition of contemporary Japanese prints 8

encounter n ɪnˈkaʊntə an occasion when you meet someone, or do something with someone you do not know

She didn’t remember our encounter last summer. 8

interpretation n ɪnˌtɜːprəˈteɪʃən, ɪnˌtɜːprɪˈteɪʃən

the way in which someone explains or understands an event, information, someone’s actions etc the artist's interpretation of her emotions 8

manipulate v məˈnɪpjəleɪt, məˈnɪpjʊleɪt to use skill in moving or handling something the workmen manipulated the controls carefully 8

pose v pəʊz

to sit or stand in a particular position in order to be photographed or painted, or to make someone do this We posed for photographs. 8

practitioner n prækˈtɪʃənə someone who regularly does a particular activity a practitioner of Buddhism 8

transform v trænsˈfɔːm

to completely change the appearance, form, or character of something or someone, especially in a way that improves it

Increased population has transformed the landscape. 8

uniqueness n ju ˈniːknəs being the only one of its kind Each person's fingerprints are unique. 8

ornamentation n ˌɔːnəmenˈteɪʃən decoration on an object that makes it look attractive a bronze plate with gold ornamentation 8

perfection n pəˈfekʃən the state of being perfect My father expected perfection from all of us. 8

proportions n prəˈpɔːʃənz

the correct or most suitable relationship between size, shape or position of the different parts of something

Architects must learn about scale and proportion. 8

symmetry n ˈsɪmətri, ˈsɪmɪtri having one side the opposite in shape as the other Squares and triangles have symmetry. 8

ability n əˈbɪləti, əˈbɪlɪti if you can do something, you have the ablity to do it the ability to walk 8

competent adj ˈkɒmpətənt, ˈkɒmpɪtənt

having enough skill or knowledge to do something to a satisfactory standard

A competent mechanic should be able to fix the problem. 8



equipment n ɪˈkwɪpmənt the tools, machines etc that you need to do a particular job or activity a shop selling camping equipment 8

fundamental adj ˌfʌndəˈmentl relating to the most basic and important parts of something

We have to tackle the fundamental cause of the problem. 8

ignore v ɪɡˈnɔː to deliberately pay no attention to something that you have been told or that you know about

You can’t ignore the fact that many criminals never go to prison. 8

phase n feɪz one of the stages of a process of development or change a new drug that is in the experimental phase 8

rehearsal n rɪˈhɜːsəl a time when all the people in a play, concert etc practise before a public performance a rehearsal for ‘Romeo and Juliet’ 8

talented adj ˈtæləntəd, ˈtæləntɪd having a natural ability to do something well a talented actor 8

budget n ˈbʌdʒət, ˈbʌdʒɪt the money that is available to an organization or person, or a plan of how it will be spent a welfare program with a budget of $2 million 8

tremendously adv trəˈmendəsli very big, fast, powerful etc tremendously wealthy 8

genre n ˈʒɒnrə

a particular type of art, writing, music etc, which has certain features that all examples of this type share a new genre of film-making 8

hazard n ˈhæzəd something that may be dangerous, or cause accidents or problems Polluted water sources are a hazard to wildlife. 9

indistinguishable adj ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃəbəl

things that are indistinguishable are so similar that you cannot see any difference between them

an artificial material that is almost indistinguishable from real silk 9

speech recognition n ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃən the ability of a computer to recognise speech

The software had speech recognition capabilities. 9

dimensions n daɪˈmenʃənz, də- the size of something, especially when this is given as its length, height, and width

We need to know the exact dimensions of the room. 9

emerge v ɪˈmɜːdʒ to appear or come out from somewhere The flowers emerge in the spring. 9

impact v ɪmˈpækt to have an important or noticeable effect on someone or something

The Food Safety Act will progressively impact on the way food businesses operate. 9

initial adj ɪˈnɪʃəl happening at the beginning an initial investment of £5000 9

interact v ˌɪntərˈækt if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc

Lucy interacts well with other children in the class. 9

military adj ˈmɪlətəri, ˈmɪlɪtəri used by, involving, or relating to the army, navy, airforce etc

involvement in the military is voluntary in most countries 9

nanometre n ˈnænəˌmit̮ɚ a billionth of a metre it was only a few nanometres wide 9

pursue n pəˈsjuː to continue doing an activity or trying to achieve something over a long period of time She plans to pursue a career in politics. 9



atmosphere n ˈætməsfɪə the gases, such as air, surrounding the Earth or another planet Mars has only a thin atmosphere. 9

capability n ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti, ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlɪti

the natural ability, skill, or power that makes a machine, person, or organization able to do something, especially something difficult the country’s manufacturing capability 9

content n, c ˈkɒntent the things that are inside a box, bag, room etc The customs official rummaged through the contents of his briefcase. 9

content n, uc ˈkɒntent the information contained in a website, smartphone app etc

The graphics are brilliant. It's just a shame the content is so poor.

empirical adj ɪmˈpɪrɪkəl based on scientific testing or practical experience, not on ideas empirical evidence 9

equation n ɪˈkweɪʒən a statement in mathematics that shows that two amounts or totals are equal In the equation 2x + 1 = 7, what is x? 9

mechanism n ˈmekənɪzəm part of a machine or a set of parts that does a particular job the brake mechanism 9

rational adj ˈræʃənəl rational thoughts, decisions etc are based on reasons rather than emotions

Parents need to be fully informed so they can make a rational decision. 9

vehicle n ˈviːɪkəl

a machine with an engine that is used to take people or things from one place to another, such as a car, bus, or truck a description of the stolen vehicle 9

aerodynamics n ˌeərəʊdaɪˈnæmɪks the scientific study of how objects move through the air 9

aloft adj əˈlɒft high up in the air He emerged, holding a baby aloft. 9

mission n ˈmɪʃən

an important job that involves travelling somewhere, done by a member of the air force, army etc, or by a spacecraft

He was sent on over 200 missions before being killed in action. 9

satellite n ˈsætəlaɪt, ˈsætɪlaɪt

a machine that has been sent into space and goes around the Earth, Moon etc, used for radio, television, and other electronic communication

the launch of a communications and weather satellite 9

simultaneously adv ˌsɪməlˈteɪni‿əsli things that are simultaneous happen at exactly the same time

The opera will be broadcast simultaneously on television and radio. 9

stratospheric adj ˌstrætəˈsferɪk relating to the outer part of the air surrounding the Earth stratospheric air travel 9

surveillance n səˈveɪləns

when one country watches the military etc activities of another country to see what they are planning to do surveillance aircraft 9



compromise n ˈkɒmprəmaɪz

an agreement that is achieved after everyone involved accepts less than what they wanted at first, or the act of making this agreement Compromise is an inevitable part of marriage. 10

despair v dɪˈspeə give someone the feeling that they do not know how to deal with you My teachers begain to despair of me. 10

a host of n həʊst a large number of a whole host of problems 10 inadvertent adj ˌɪnədˈvɜːtənt without realizing what you are doing inadvertent exposure to chemicals 10

resort v rɪˈzɔːt

to do something bad, extreme, or difficult because you cannot think of any other way to deal with a problem

Officials fear that extremists may resort to violence. 10

textures n ˈtekstʃəz

the way a surface or material feels when you touch it, or the way that a particular type of food feels in your mouth This soup has a lovely creamy texture. 10

tolerant adj ˈtɒlərənt accepting something without criticising or complaining

Luckily, my parents were tolerant of my choice of music. 10

acceptance n əkˈseptəns when people agree that an idea, statement, explanation etc is right or true the acceptance of Einstein's theory 10

additional adj əˈdɪʃənəl more than what was agreed or expected Additional information can be obtained from the centre. 10

charge v tʃɑːdʒ to ask someone for a particular amount of money for something you are selling The hotel charges $125 a night. 10

divide v dəˈvaɪd, dɪˈvaɪd if you divide something, or if something divides, it separates into two or more parts

Scientists traditionally divide the oceans into zones. 10

draw v drɔː to attract someone, or make them want to do something What first drew you to teaching? 10

levy n ˈlevi an additional sum of money, usually paid as a tax He wants to impose a levy on landfill waste. 10

malnourished adj ˌmælˈnʌrɪʃt

someone who is malnourished is ill or weak because they have not had enough good food to eat malnourished children 10

ongoing adj ˈɒnˌɡəʊɪŋ continuing, or continuing to develop their ongoing search for a new director 10

overeat v ˌəʊvərˈiːt to eat too much, or eat more than is healthy Don't overeat at lunchtime as you won't eat your dinner tonight. 10

portion n ˈpɔːʃən

an amount of food for one person at a meal; a part of something larger, especially a part that is different from the other parts a huge portion of roast beef 10

reinforce v ˌriːənˈfɔːs, ˌriːɪnˈfɔːs

to give support to an opinion, idea, or feeling, and make it stronger

The film reinforces the idea that women should be pretty and dumb. 10

reject v rɪˈdʒekt to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something Sarah rejected her brother’s offer of help. 10



so-called adj ˌsəʊ ˈkɔːld used to describe someone or something that has been given a name that you think is wrong

The so-called experts couldn’t tell us what was wrong. 10

strengthen v ˈstreŋθən, ˈstrenθən

to make something stronger, or to become stronger

Our friendship has steadily strengthened over the years. 10

supplement n ˈsʌpləmənt, ˈsʌplɪmənt

something that you add to something else to improve it or make it complete vitamins and other dietary supplements 10

undercook v ˌʌndəˈkʊk to not cook something enough, so that it isn't tasty or isn't healthy Don't undercook the meat! 10

elective n ɪˈlektɪv a course that students can choose to take, but they do not have to take it in order to graduate Which electives are you taking this semester? 10

faculty n ˈfækəlti a department or group of related departments within a university the Faculty of Law 10

major n ˈmeɪdʒə the main subject that a student studies at college or university Her major is history. 10

mediation n ˌmiːdiˈeɪʃən

an attempt to end a disagreement by helping the two sides to talk through the issues and find a solution the groups ended up in mediation 10

protocol n ˈprəʊtəkɒl a system of rules about the correct way to behave on an official occasion a breach of diplomatic protocol 10

tutorial n tjuːˈtɔːriəl a period of teaching and discussion with a tutor, especially in a British university the tutorial system 10

act n ækt a law that has been officially accepted by a parliament, congress etc an act of parliament 10

engage v ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ to get involved with other people and their ideas in order to understand them

Are you so tired that you don't have the energy to engage with your kids? 10

fulfilling adj fʊlˈfɪlɪŋ if you fulfill a hope, wish or aim, you achieve the thing that you hoped for, wishes for etc

Being deaf hasn't stopped Karen fulfilling her ambition to gain a PhD. 10

Documents

PTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B2 - PTE coaching sydneysydneypte.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/WORDLIST.pdfPTE ACADEMIC EXPERT B2 Word Part of speech Pron Definition Example Unit bilingual