Psychosomatic-Disorders.pdf

Psychosomatic DisordersPsychosomatic Disorders

• Disorders characterized by somatic Disorders characterized by somatic complaints for which no organic complaints for which no organic cause could be demonstrated cause could be demonstrated

• Usually result from emotional factorsUsually result from emotional factors

Psychosomatic DisordersPsychosomatic DisordersCharacteristics:Characteristics:

2.2. Involve the organ system innervate Involve the organ system innervate by the autonomic nervous systemby the autonomic nervous system

3.3. Physiologic changes accompany Physiologic changes accompany emotional responses that are emotional responses that are intenseintense

4.4. Symptoms are physiological rather Symptoms are physiological rather than symbolic, the emotions beings than symbolic, the emotions beings expressed through the visceraexpressed through the viscera

5.5. Persistent psychosomatic reactions Persistent psychosomatic reactions may produce structural organic may produce structural organic changes over timechanges over time

Psychosomatic DisordersPsychosomatic DisordersCharacteristics:Characteristics:

5. The somatic symptoms afford 5. The somatic symptoms afford generous secondary gains for generous secondary gains for the for the patients in terms of the for the patients in terms of attentionattention

Somatoform disordersSomatoform disorders

• Refer to a group of psychiatric Refer to a group of psychiatric disorders whose symptoms are disorders whose symptoms are severe enough to cause global severe enough to cause global impairmentimpairment

• The clients often present with The clients often present with multiple, recurrent clinically multiple, recurrent clinically significant somatic complaints, significant somatic complaints, usually colorful and exaggerated usually colorful and exaggerated hut lacking in factual basis hut lacking in factual basis


• The condition is characterized by The condition is characterized by PRIMARY GAIN (relief of anxiety) PRIMARY GAIN (relief of anxiety) and SECONDARY gain (special and SECONDARY gain (special attention)attention)

• The individual becomes totally The individual becomes totally focused on the physical focused on the physical symptoms which can severely symptoms which can severely restrict activitiesrestrict activities

• The person visits MULTIPLE The person visits MULTIPLE health care providers and may health care providers and may undergo unnecessary proceduresundergo unnecessary procedures


• ETIOLOGIESETIOLOGIES

1. Psychodynamic theory= 1. Psychodynamic theory= utilization of the mechanism to utilization of the mechanism to convert psychic energy to convert psychic energy to physical manifestations. physical manifestations. Conversion represents the Conversion represents the symbolic resolution of the symbolic resolution of the anxietyanxiety



2. Neurobiologic theory- 2. Neurobiologic theory- neurotransmitter dysregulation. neurotransmitter dysregulation. There is deficient communication There is deficient communication between the brain hemisphere between the brain hemisphere resulting to difficult expression resulting to difficult expression of emotions, and distress is of emotions, and distress is expressed as physical symptomsexpressed as physical symptoms



3. SOCIO-cultural factors- higher 3. SOCIO-cultural factors- higher among low SESamong low SES

Types of Somatoform Types of Somatoform disordersdisordersTypesTypes CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Somatization DisorderSomatization Disorder History of multiple physical History of multiple physical complaints without organic basiscomplaints without organic basis

HypochondriasisHypochondriasis Unrealistic fear of having a serious Unrealistic fear of having a serious diseasedisease

Body dysmorphic disorderBody dysmorphic disorder Pre-occupation with an imagined Pre-occupation with an imagined defect in the normal appearing defect in the normal appearing person person

Types of Somatoform Types of Somatoform disordersdisordersTypesTypes CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Pain disorderPain disorder Chronic pain in many anatomic Chronic pain in many anatomic sitessites

Conversion disorderConversion disorder Loss or change in physical Loss or change in physical functioning that cannot be functioning that cannot be associated with any organic cause associated with any organic cause and seems to be associated with and seems to be associated with psychosocial stressorspsychosocial stressors


NURSING MANAGEMENTNURSING MANAGEMENT

2.2. Mainstay treatment is a long Mainstay treatment is a long term relationship with a health term relationship with a health care provider to prevent the care provider to prevent the patient from seeking multiple patient from seeking multiple providers with multiple providers with multiple recommendationsrecommendations

3.3. Assist in psychotherapy as part Assist in psychotherapy as part of the treatment plan of the treatment plan

4.4. Family EducationFamily Education

Documents

Psychosomatic-Disorders.pdf