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Psychoanalytic
Childhood experiences greatly influence the development of later personality traits and psychological problems.Unconscious / Fears / Desires
FreudJungHorneyAdlerErikson
Humanistic
Emphasizes that each individual has great freedom in directing his/her future, a large capacity for achieving personal growth, intrinsic worth, and enormous potential for self-fulfillment.
Phenomenological / Holistic / Self-Actual Needs
Maslow
Rogers
Behavioral
Analyzes how organisms learn new behaviors or modify existing ones, depending on whether events in their environments reward or punish these behaviors.Learning / Society / Conditioning / Observable / Rewards
PavlovWatsonSkinnerBanduraVygotsky
Cognitive
Focuses on how we process, store, and use information and how this information influences what we attend to, perceive, learn, remember, believe, and feel.Thinking / Metacognition / Mental Processes
PiagetSchachterFestigerEbbinghaus
Neurobiological
Examines how our genes, hormones, and nervous system interact with our environments to influence learning, personality, memory, motivation, emotions, coping techniques, and other traits and abilities.Nature / Genetics / Neurons / Critical Periods / Brain
BrocaWernickeChomsky
Socio-Cultural
Maintains that behavior and mental processes are shaped not only by prior learning experiences or the unconscious but also by social or cultural context.Culture / Groups / Norms / Roles / Attributions
Kurt LewinZimbardoAschMilgrim