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What is psychology ?

What is psychology ?

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical, state, mental state, and external environment.

What is psychology ?

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical, state, mental state, and external environment.

• Scientific study requires several things:

1.Theoretical framework

2.Testable Hypotheses

3.Empirical evidence

What is psychology ?The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical, state, mental state, and external environment.

•Behavior and mental processes include overt, observable instances but also include subtle kinds of instances, like brain activity.

What is psychology ?

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment .

•Humans and may other creatures included in the scientific study of behavior and mental processes .

What is psychology ?

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment .•Physical state relates primarily to the organism’s biology - most especially the state of the brain and central nervous system

What is psychology ?The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment .•Mental state does not have to be conscious - can study mental states in many creatures without their conscious awareness - and can be studied in terms of brain activity.

What is psychology ?The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment .•All organisms function in an environment that is constantly presenting them with problems and challenges that must be solved.

Father of Psychology Born Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt

16 August 1832Neckarau near Mannheim, Grand Duchy of Baden, German Confederation

Died 31 August 1920 (aged 88)Großbothen near Leipzig,Germany[1]

Residence Germany

Nationality German

Fields Experimental psychology,Physiology

Institutions University of Leipzig

Alma mater University of Heidelberg

Doctoral students Edward B. Titchener, G. Stanley Hall, Oswald Külpe, Hugo Münsterberg, Vladimir Bekhterev,James McKeen Cattell, Lightner Witmer[2]

Known for Psychology, Voluntarism

Influences Gustav Fechner

Influenced Emil Kraepelin

Psychology Is BornFirst Experimental Psych Lab (1879)

Wilhelm Wundt(1832-1920)

Focuses on the scientific study of the

mind.Wilhelm Wundt insists that Psych methods be

as rigorousas the methods of

chemistry & physics.

Main contributions 1 . Attempted to apply scientific principles to the

study of human mind .

2 . Objective introspection : the process of examining and measuring one’s own thoughts and

mental activities .3. First attempt to bring objectivity and

measurement to the concept of psychology .

4 . Attempted to bring objectivity and measurement to the concept of psychology

through experimental laboratory . That is why Wundt is known as the father of psychology .

5 . Wundt was important because he separated psychology from philosophy by analyzing the workings of the mind in a more structured way, with the emphasis being on objective measurement and control.

6 . Wundt's aim was to record thoughts and sensations, and to analyze them into their constituent elements, in much the same way as chemist analyses chemical compounds, in order to get at the underlying structure. For this reason, the school of psychology founded by Wundt is known as structuralism.

7 . Wundt believed in reductionism. That is he believed consciousness could be broken down (or reduced) to its basic elements without sacrificing any of the properties of the whole.

8 .  His greatest contribution was to show that psychology could be a valid experimental science. 

 9 . Wundt contributed to the development of psychology was to do his research in carefully controlled conditions, i.e. experimental methods.

10 . Wundt concentrated on three areas of mental functioning; thoughts, images and feelings. These are the basic areas studied today in cognitive psychology.  This means that the study of perceptual processes can be traced back to Wundt.  

11 . On the basis of his work, and the influence it had on psychologists who were to follow him, Wundt can be regarded as the founder of experimental psychology, so securing his place in the history of psychology. 

What is Scientific Thinking ?

1. Critical thinking - assess claims on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence - not on emotional or anecdotal reasoning.2. Involves asking questions - one of the most important is, “WHY?”

3. Involves defining terms - must be clear and concrete .

What is Scientific Thinking ?

4. Involves examining evidence - “Let me have my opinion!” doesn’t count .

5. Involves analyzing assumptions and biases - scientific thinkers do not take anything as proven fact and work hard to overcome their own biases in thinking

What is Scientific Thinking ?

6. Involves avoiding emotional reasoning - do not let gut feelings replace clear thinking - emotional conviction does not settle arguments .

7. Involves avoiding oversimplification - the obvious answer is often wrong and misleading - do not argue based on own anecdotal evidence

What is Scientific Thinking ?

8. Involves consideration of other interpretations - the best interpretations are supported by the most evidence and explain the most variables .

9. Involves tolerating uncertainty - sometimes evidence is unclear or does not even exist .

10. Involves asking questions that can be tested in this world .

PRESENTED BY :

SAVIJ JAIN(2010)RAHUL SHARMA

(2042)AMAN BANSAL (2066)

MAYANKA SINHA (2017)

THANK YOU !