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Psychology of LearningEXP4404
Chapter 10: Generalization, Discrimination, and Stimulus Control
Dr. Steve
Topics Covered
Generalization Measurement Semantic Generalization
Discrimination Discrimination Training SD vs. SΔ
Procedures
Stimulus Control Theories of Generalization and Discrimination Analysis of Behavior
Generalization
Generalization
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Generalization is vital to learning and survival and crucial to research
Increase generalization by learning or practicing in a variety of settings
Generalization
Generalization Gradient
Generalization
Primary vs. Secondary Generalization Primary-
Secondary
Generalization
Semantic Generalization
Generalization
Generalization of behaviors following punishment or extinction
Inhibitory generalization
Generalization
S-
Resp
onse
s
Discrimination
Discrimination Training
Training procedure:1. Acquisition of response in one situation
1. Extinction of response in all other situations
Discrimination Training Methods Successive Discrimination Training
Simultaneous Discrimination Training
Matching to Sample
Oddity Matching
Discrimination
Discrimination Training
Discrimination
S+
S-
Video example discrimination training to encourage stair use
Discrimination
Errorless Discrimination Training
Differential Outcome Effect
Stimulus Control
Stimulus Control
Stimulus ControlImprecise PreciseGeneralization Discrimination
Stimulus Control
Variables that effect stimulus control (Generalization vs. Discrimination) Practice
Schedule of Reinforcement
Delay of Reinforcement Goal of Training
Generalization Discrimination
Theories of Generalization & Discrimination
Discrimination Training characterized by:
Theories of Generalization & Discrimination
Peak Shift
S-
Behavioralcontrast
Theories of Generalization & Discrimination
Pavlov’s Theory
The more closely a neutral stimulus resembles a CS+,
If neutral stimulus resembles CS-,
Spence’s Theory
(excitatory gradient) (inhibitory gradient) (algebraic summation)
Theories of Generalization & Discrimination
Inhibitory Gradient
Peak Shift
P(Response)
S-S+
750500250 1000 Hz
Net GradientExcitatory Gradient
Lashley-Wade Theory
Theories of Generalization & Discrimination
Kohler’s Relational Theory
Transpositional Effect
Theories of Generalization & Discrimination
S+ S-DiscriminationTraining
Learned “lighter than”
Analysis of Behavior
Mental Rotation or Discrimination Training?
Smoking Relapse
Analysis of Behavior
Experimental Neuroses
Type of learned helplessness E.g., child who can’t figure out how to please mother
(what is considered a properly made bed)
Analysis of Behavior
