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Hormones
• Chemicals produced by the endocrine glands.
• These are meant to regulate specific body functions such as stimulate growth and change your activity level and moods.
The Somatic Nervous System
• The division of the peripheral nervous system that connects the central nervous system with sensory receptors, muscles, and skin
• Meant to transmit sensory messages to the central nervous system.
• Activated by touch, pain, change in temperature, and changes in the body position.
Autonomic Nervous System
• Regulates the body’s vital functions• For instance, it regulates your heartbeat,
breathing, digestion, and blood pressure
Central Nervous System
• Consists of the brain, the spinal cord, and neurons.
• It is responsible for transmitting messages and controlling reflexes
• The spinal cord is a column of nerves about as thick as a thumb protected by bones
Peripheral Nervous System
• Lies outside the central nervous system• It is made up of nerve cells that transmit
messages between the central nervous system and all parts of the body.
Sympathetic Nervous System
• The part of the Autonomic System that reacts to stress
• Prepares the body for action• Prepares the body to confront the
situation or to run away• Increases blood pressure, heart and
respiration rates
Parasympathetic Nervous System
• It restores the body’s reserves of energy after an action has occurred. Heart rate and blood pressure are normalized, breathing is slowed, and digestion returns to normal.
Midbrain
• Part of the brain stem with the medulla oblongata and pons
• Located above the pons• Collects sensory information and sends
it to other parts of the brain
Cerebellum
• It rests under the cerebrum. It is involved in balance and coordination.
• “Little Brain”
Genes
• The basic building blocks of heredity• Traits are determined by pairs of genes,
with one genes in each pair inherited from each parent.
• Psychological traits involve combinations of genes, as well as environmental factors.
• Genes are found in chromosomes.
4 Lobes
• Frontal Lobe—critical thinking skills• Occipital Lobe—vision• Temporal Lobe—Hearing• Parietal Lobe—Touch (temperature,
pain)
Axon
• Tube like structure attached to a neuron that transmits impulses away from the neuron cell body
Dendrites
• The branchlike extensions of a neuron that receive impulses and conduct them toward the cell body.
Myelin
• A white fatty substance that insulates and protects the axon and speeds up the transmission of the message.
Synapse
• A junction between axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron
• Messages travel in one direction• New synapses develop when we learn
something new
Scans of the Brain
• Scans are used to locate tumors, study psychological disorders, brain damage, early diagnosis of cancer and aid with difficult or intricate surgery
Personality & Nature v. Nurture
• Different Psychologist argue if our personality is pre-determined in our DNA—but even identical twins have differences, which can be accounted for by our environment and experiences we have as individuals
What does the Autonomic Nervous System do?
• The Subdivision of peripheral nervous system that regulates body functions, such as respiration and digestion.
• The word autonomic means “occurring involuntarily”
• The autonomic nervous system has two divisions: The sympathetic and parasymphathetic nervous systems.
• These systems generally have opposing functions
What does the Sympathetic Nervous System do?
• Prepares the body by suppressing digestion, increasing the heart and respiration rates and also elevating the blood pressure.
• The sympathetic System reacts to stress: the parasympathetic system restores peace.