Proverbs - Hamilton Trust Web viewAnd there was always some warm word of encouragement or gratitude after a long ride. ... Taken from Years 5 & 6 list in English Appendix 1. ... Proverbs

Types of Sentence – Adult ReferenceYou will find the terms in red in most grammar reference books, however the National Curriculum does not use these terms. To avoid confusion, it is best to avoid using the terms ‘simple’, ‘compound’ and ‘complex’ but it is

useful to know them as an adult.

Single-clause Sentence (Simple)A simple sentence consists of one clause: We have our doubts.

They can be complicated:Below all that fire and brimstone you’re a soppy old date at heart.

Multi-clause Sentence with more than one Main Clause (Compound) A compound sentence has two or more clauses usually joined by and, or, or but (co-ordinating conjunctions). The clauses are of equal weight (they are both main clauses):A door banged across the yard and I heard the familiar sound of boots, crisp on the cobbles.

Each clause can stand alone as a separate simple sentence:A door banged across the yard. I heard the familiar sound of boots, crisp on the cobbles.

Multi-clause sentence with one or more Subordinate Clauses (Complex)A complex sentence consists of a main clause which itself includes one or more subordinate clauses:I shall take good care of him until you’re ready to join us.

The subordinate clause is dependent on the main clause and cannot stand alone:I shall take good care of him. (A single-clause sentence)Until you’re ready to join us. (Cannot stand alone)

Commonly used subordinating conjunctionsafter, before, since, until (time sequence)

as, when, while (time duration)where, wherever (place)

if, unless, in case (condition)(al)though, if, even though, whereas (concession)

because, since, for, as (reason)to, in order, so as to (purpose)

so, so that (result)as, like (similarity)

whereas, while (contrast)except, save that (exception)

A note on Morpurgo’s use of ‘And’ and ‘But’ to Open Sentences

Although we commonly teach that co-ordinating conjunctions join two elements together and therefore appear between them, many writers (including Morpurgo) often begin sentences with ‘and’ and ‘but’.

He would lean his great head over the stall and let me rest on his neck while I tried to obliterate from my mind the sinking surge of the ship and the noise of uncontrolled terror from the horses all around me. But the moment we docked the mood changed.

This is done for impact. The addition (And…) or contrasting thought (But…) is emphasised. Teachers often discourage chn from doing this in their own writing as this can be a confusing blurring of grammatical rules but it is likely that chn will notice this in War Horse and want to talk about it.

Week 1 Tuesday Grammar 1

© Original resource copyright Hamilton Trust, 2013 who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual usersY6 Aut F1 Historical stories

Chapter 6

There was all about us on the ship an air of great exuberance and expectancy. The soldiers were buoyant with optimism, as if they were embarking on some great military picnic; it seemed none of them had a care in the world. As they tended us in our stalls, the troopers joked and laughed together as I had never heard them before. And we were to need their confidence around us, for it was a stormy crossing and many of us became overwrought and apprehensive as the ship tossed wildly in the sea. Some of us kicked out at our stalls in a desperate effort to break free and to find ground that did not pitch and plunge under our feet, but the troopers were always there to hold us steady and to comfort us. My comfort, however, came not from Corporal Samuel Perkins, who came to hold my head through the worst of it; for even when he patted me he did it in such a peremptory fashion that I did not feel he meant it. My comfort came from Topthorn who remained calm throughout. He would lean his great head over the stall and let me rest on his neck while I tried to obliterate from my mind the sinking surge of the ship and the noise of uncontrolled terror from the horses all around me. But the moment we docked the mood changed. The horses recovered their composure with solid still land under their hooves once more, but the troopers fell silent and sombre as we walked past unending lines of wounded waiting to board the ship back to England. As we disembarked and were led away along the quayside, Captain Nicholls walked by my head turning his eyes out to sea so that no one should notice the tears in them. The wounded were everywhere – on stretchers, on crutches, in open ambulances, and etched on every man was the look of wretched misery and pain. They tried to put a brave face on it, but even the jokes and quips they shouted out as we passed were heavy with gloom and sarcasm. No sergeant major, no enemy barrage could have silenced a body of soldiers as effectively as that terrible sight, because here for the first time the men saw for themselves the kind of war they were going into and there was not a single man in the squadron who seemed prepared for it. Once out into the flat open country, the squadron threw off its unfamiliar shroud of despondency and regained its jocular spirits. The men sang again in their saddles and laughed amongst themselves. It was to be a long, long march through the dust, all that day and the next. We would stop once every hour for a few minutes and would ride on until dusk before making camp near a village and always by a stream or a river. They cared for us well on that march, often dismounting and walking beside us to give us the rest we needed. But sweetest of


all were the full buckets of cooling, quenching water they would bring us whenever we stopped beside a stream. Topthorn, I noticed, always shook his head in the water before he started to drink so that alongside him I was showered all over my face and neck with cooling water. The mounts were tethered in horse lines out in the open as we had been on manoeuvres back in England. So we were already hardened to living out. But it was colder now as the damp mists of autumn fell each evening and chilled us where we stood. We had plenty of fodder morning and evening, a generous ration of corn from our nosebags and we grazed whenever we could. Like the men we had to learn to live off the land as much as possible. Every hour of the march brought us nearer the distant thunder of the guns, and at night now the horizon would be bright with orange flashes from one end to the other. I had heard the crack of rifle fire before back at the barracks and this had not upset me one bit, but the growling crescendo of the big guns sent tremors of fear along my back and broke my sleep into a succession of jagged nightmares. But whenever I woke, dragged back to consciousness by the guns, I found Topthorn was always by me and would breathe his courage into me to support me. It was a slow baptism of fire for me, but without Topthorn I think I should never have become accustomed to the guns, for the fury and the violence of the thunder as we came ever nearer to the front line seemed to sap my strength as well as my spirits. On the march Topthorn and I always walked together, side by side, for Captain Nicholls and Captain Stewart were rarely apart. They seemed somehow separate in spirit from their heartier fellow officers. The more I got to know Captain Nicholls, the more I liked him. He rode me as Albert had, with a gentle hand and a firm grip of the knees, so that despite his size – and he was a big man – he was always light on me. And there was always some warm word of encouragement or gratitude after a long ride. This was a welcome contrast to Corporal Samuel Perkins who had ridden me so hard whilst in training. I caught sight of him from time to time and pitied the horse he rode. Captain Nicholls did not sing or whistle as Albert had, but he talked to me from time to time when we were along together. No one it appeared really knew where the enemy was. That he was advancing and that we were retreating was not in doubt. We were supposed to try to ensure that the enemy did not outflank us – we did not want the enemy to get between us and the sea and turn the flank of the whole British expeditionary force. But the squadron had first to find the enemy and they were never anywhere to be seen. We scoured the countryside


for days before finally blundering into them – and that was a day I shall never forget, the day of our first battle. Rumour rippled back along the column that the enemy had been sighted, a battalion of infantry on the march. They were out in the open a mile or so away, hidden from us by a long thick copse of oaks that ran alongside the road. The orders rang out: ‘Forward! Form squadron column! Draw swords!’ As one, the men reached down and grasped their swords from their sheaths and the air flickered with bright steel before the blades settled on the troopers’ shoulders. ‘Squadron, right shoulder!’ came the command, and we walked in line abreast into the wood. I felt Captain Nicholls’ knees close right around me and he loosened the reins. His body was taut and for the first time he felt heavy on my back. ‘Easy Joey,’ he said softly. ‘Easy now. Don’t get excited. We’ll come out of this all right, don’t you worry.’ I turned to look at Topthorn who was already up on his toes ready for the trot that we knew was to come. I moved instinctively closer to him and then as the bugle sounded, we charged out of the shade of the wood and into the sunlight of battle. The gentle squeak of leather, the jingling harness and the noise of hastily barked orders were drowned now by the pounding of hooves and the shout of the troopers as we galloped down on the enemy in the valley below us. Out of the corner of my eye, I was aware of the glint of Captain Nicholls’ heavy sword. I felt his spurs in my side and I heard his battle cry. I saw the grey soldiers ahead of us raise their rifles and heard the death rattle of a machine-gun, and then quite suddenly I found I had no rider, that I had no weight on my back any more and that I was alone out in front of the squadron. Topthorn was no longer beside me, but with horses behind me I knew there was only one way to gallop and that was forward. Blind terror drove me on, with my flying stirrups whipping me into a frenzy. With no rider to carry I reached the kneeling riflemen first and they scattered as I came upon them. I ran on until I found myself alone and away from the noise of the battle, and I would never have stopped at all had I not found Topthorn once more beside me with Captain Stewart leaning over to gather up my reins before leading me back to the battlefield. We had won, I heard it said; but horses lay dead and dying everywhere. More than a quarter of the squadron had been lost in that one action. It had all been so quick and so deadly. A cluster of grey uniformed prisoners had been taken and they huddled together now under the trees whilst the squadron regrouped and


exchanged extravagant reminiscences of a victory that had happened almost by accident rather than by design. I never saw Captain Nicholls again and that was a great and terrible sadness for me for he had been a kind and gentle man and had cared for me well as he had promised. As I was to learn, there were few enough such good men in the world. ‘He’d have been proud of you, Joey,’ said Captain Stewart as he led me back to the horselines with Topthorn. ‘He’d have been proud of you the way you kept going out there. He died leading that charge and you finished it for him. He’d have been proud of you.’ Topthorn stood over me that night as we bivouacked on the edge of the woods. We looked out together over the moonlit valley, and I longed for home. Only the occasional coughing and stamping of the sentries broke the still of the night. The guns were silent at last. Topthorn sank down beside me and we slept.

Week 1 Tuesday Grammar 1


Use of commas in sentences

But sweetest of all were the full buckets of cooling, quenching water they would bring us whenever we stopped beside a stream.

Topthorn, I noticed, always shook his head in the water before he started to drink so that alongside him I was showered all over my face and neck with cooling water.

Captain Nicholls did not sing or whistle as Albert had, but he talked to me from time to time when we were along together.

Out of the corner of my eye, I was aware of the glint of Captain Nicholls’ heavy sword.

When the troop returned and the squadron moved off again, there were always one or two horses without riders.

Week 1 Wednesday Grammar 2


Use of commas

Do the commas in these sentences separate phrases (no active verb), clauses (conjunction + active verb) or words/phrases in a list. They may also follow a fronted adverbial so look out for one of these! Finally they could separate the name of the person being spoken to.

The gentle squeak of leather, the jingling harness and the noise of hastily barked orders were drowned now by the pounding of hooves and the shout of the troopers as we galloped down on the enemy in the valley below us.

As I was to learn, there were few enough such good men in the world.

We looked out together over the moonlit valley, and I longed for home.

Behind him, swamped in a vast greatcoat and a peaked cap, trailed a young trooper I had never seen before.

He was meticulous and kind in his grooming and attended at once to my frequent and painful saddle sores, chafing and windgalls to which I was particularly prone.

Strange thing is, Joey, that it wasn’t the shooting, somehow I didn’t mind that.

Topthorn and I spent that winter sheltering each other as best we could from the snow and sleet, whilst only a few miles away we could hear the guns pounding each other day and night incessantly.

I’ve grown up with her, Joey, known her all my life.

The troopers came along the horselines in full service order, two bandoliers, respiratory haversack, rifle, bag and sword.

But the squadron galloped on inexorably through it all, towards the wire at the top of the hill, and I went with them.

As they walked away, Captain Stewart had his arm around Trooper Warren’s shoulder.

So, I want these horses unsaddled, rubbed down, fed and watered at once.

As I am sure you will agree, they need an expert to manage them to start with.

However, when the voice spoke, it was not the rasping, drunken voice of Albert’s father, but rather a soft, gentle tone of a girl’s voice.

Week 1 Wednesday Grammar 2


Words containing the letter-string ough

fought cough rough though through thorough plough

Week 1 Thursday Transcription 1/Composition 1© Original resource copyright Hamilton Trust, 2013 who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual usersY6 Aut F1 Historical stories

Words containing the letter-string ough

ought cough rough though through thorough ploughboughtthoughtnought broughtsoughtfoughtoverwroughtrethought

trough tough enoughroughenslough

althoughdough

throughout boroughthoroughly

bough

Words with letter strings that rhyme (contain the same sound) as the ough wordssortcaughtcourttaughttautwart

offtoffquaff

fluff gobelowtoeowesewoh

zoocanoecoupdopoohflucariboutwo

kookaburra now

Week 1 Thursday Transcription 1/Composition 1


Differentiated spelling lists

ought bought ploughbrought brought thoroughlybought although boroughfought dough doughthought enough sloughthrough rethought soughtthough cough overwroughtrough trough boughtough tough noughtcough through throughout

ought bought ploughbrought brought thoroughlybought although boroughfought dough doughthought enough sloughthrough rethought soughtthough cough overwroughtrough trough boughtough tough noughtcough through throughout

Week 1 Thursday Transcription 1/Composition 1


Glossary of terms relating to World War 1

Artillery: large-calibre guns used in war on land

Bivouac: temporary camp without tents or cover

Bugle: a brass musical instrument like a small trumpet

Cavalry: soldiers who fought on horseback

Infantry: foot soldiers

Jerry: a name for Germans

Manoeuvres: a large-scale military exercise

Mess: the place where members of the armed forces eat their meals

No-man’s land: an area of wasteland between the British & German trenches

Reveille: a military waking signal

Sabre: heavy cavalry sword with a curved blade and a single cutting edge

Squadron: a section of a cavalry regiment

Trench: a long narrow ditch dug out by soldiers to provide shelter from enemy fire where they could live

Trooper: a private cavalry soldier (lowest rank)

Week 2 Tuesday Composition 4/Grammar 3


Who Does Joey Belong With?In War Horse, Joey lives with many different people who may have a claim to him.

In the auction, it is clear that many people would like to have him, but possibly for different reasons. What would happen if two characters from War Horse met to argue over who should

have Joey? What arguments would they make? What would they say and do?

1. Choose two characters and try acting out the conversation, remembering to answer the argument of the other person.

2. Then, write the conversation as punctuated dialogue. Remember to include reporting clauses and some action too.

Characters

Ted Narracott (Albert’s Father)

Albert Narracott

Captain Nicholls (who first buys and rides Joey)

Corporal Samuel Perkins (the harsh trainer)

Trooper Warren (the kind but poor horseman)

Emilie

Emilie’s Grandfather

Old Friedrich (the kind German soldier)

The Welshman (who lures Joey out of No Man’s Land)

Sergeant Thunder (who bids for Joey)

Example

“Oi, boyo! That horse is rightly mine. I saved him, didn’t I?” called the Welshman. He nodded to show the certainty of his declaration.

Albert shook his head. Speaking quietly, he said, “Joey is my horse. My father bought him for the farm. The farm is where he belongs.”

“Ah!” cried the Welshman, “Your father sold him to the army, so he’s not yours now, is he? He belongs to the army. He’s one of us.” He patted Joey proudly.

Week 2 Tuesday Composition 4/Grammar 3


Suitable chapters to be converted into a play scene

Chapter 1: Joey is bought at auction

Chapter 4: Joey is sold to the army

Chapter 5: Captain Nicholls and Corporal Perkins are discussing Joey’s training

Chapter 9: Joey and Topthorn are captured by the Germans

Chapter 11: Joey and Topthorn are left at the French farm

Chapter 14: Topthorn dies

Chapters 15/16: Joey is trapped in No-man’s Land

Chapter 17: Albert and Joey are reunited

Chapters 20/21: The war has ended and the horses are auctioned off

Week 2 Wednesday Composition 5/Spoken Language 4


Features of Play scripts

Cast list at startCould include a description of costume and appearanceCould include an explanation of relationship to other charactersNames can give a clue to character

Props may be listed

NarratorGives background informationSets the sceneExplains what is happening

SettingIdentify the setting for each sceneDescribe any important features

Speakers’ names on left followed by a colon

No speech marks

New line for each change of speaker

Scenes, not chaptersNew place or new time

Stage directions in brackets & often in italicsUse adverbsUse powerful verbs

Sentence punctuationHelps actors with the presentation of their dialogue

Other details like lighting or special effects may be included

Week 2 Wednesday Composition 5/Spoken Language 4


Relative Pronouns/

Adverbswho

which where when whose

thatwhen

Relative Clauses

Identify the Relative clauses

Albert opened the gate which led to the field.

Albert, who was the son of the farmer, looked after me.

The guns, that were very heavy, were each pulled by four to six horses.

Emilie led us back to the stable where we slept at night.

Topthorn, whose rider was Captain Stewart, was a large black stallion.

The vet, to whom I was taken, looked at the cut on my leg.

Will, who liked to imagine he was playing for England, kicked the ball towards goal.

Recruitment posters, which were seen everywhere, helped to persuade the lads from the football team to enlist.

The goal he scored was the winner.

Will and Freddie, who were on sentry duty, stood on the fire-step for the first time.

The trenches, that were very muddy, were a safe haven from the bullets.

A German, who climbed from his trench on Christmas day, planted a Christmas tree in No-man’s Land.

Now, choose an illustration from War Game and write some sentences to describe what the illustration shows. Add more detail about nouns using relative clauses. Punctuate as you have been shown, e.g.

The huge ship set sail.The huge ship, which was carrying thousands of cheering sailors, set sail.

Week 2 Friday Grammar 4/Comprehension 3


Word list

soldierthoroughshoulderindividuallanguagemuscleoccupyphysicalforeignimmediatelydesperatedisastrousequip (-ped, -ment)communitycemeteryaggressiveachievedeterminedgovernmentpersuadesymbolsacrificebruiseconscious (un-)

Word list

soldier

shoulder

individual

language

occupy

immediately

desperate

disastrous

community

aggressive

achieve

determined

government

persuade

environment

bruise

Taken from Years 5 & 6 list in English Appendix 1

Week 3 Tuesday Transcription 3/Comprehension 5


In Flanders Field

In Flanders fields the poppies blowBetween the crosses, row on row, That mark our place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, flyScarce heard amid the guns below.

We are the Dead. Short days agoWe lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Loved and were loved, and now we lie In Flanders fields.

Take up our quarrel with the foe:To you from failing hands we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high. If ye break faith with us who dieWe shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders fields.

John McCrae

Taken from Read Me Out Loud chosen by Nick Toczek and Paul Cookson, p415

Week 3 Wednesday Composition 7/Grammar 5


Book ReviewTitle: Author:

Publisher: ISBN:

Plot:

Setting(s):

Main character(s):Describe them.

Favourite part:(Don’t give any secrets away!)

Rating:

Recommendation:What sort of person would you recommend this book to?

Reviewer: Date:

Week 3 Friday Comprehension 6/Transcription 4


Documents

Proverbs - Hamilton Trust Web viewAnd there was always some warm word of encouragement or gratitude after a long ride. ... Taken from Years 5 & 6 list in English Appendix 1. ... Proverbs