Objective: BIO.A.2.2.3: Compare and contrast the structure and
function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in
organisms. Objective: To describe the function of proteins inside
living things Warmup: 1.) When a group of cells work together, such
as in bones, muscles or nerves, they are known as. a. An organismc.
A tissue b. An organd. An organelle 2.) Sugars such as glucose,
fructose and ribose are examples of. a. Nucleic acidsc. Lipids b.
Carbohydratesd. proteins
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Objective: BIO.A.2.2.3: Compare and contrast the structure and
function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in
organisms. Objective: To describe the function of proteins inside
living things Warmup: 1.) Polymers are formed from monomers with
the removal of what molecule? a. ADPb. Waterc. Ethaned. Nitrogen
2.) A is a kind of lipid that can store energy for a long period of
time. These lipids are made of long chains of carbon and oxygen
atoms bonded to a backbone structure. a. Protein b. Fat c.
Carbohydrate d. Nucleic acid
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Composed of chains of amino acids (aa) (20 different kinds)
bonded together by peptide bonds. Chains of amino acids are called
peptides
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Contain the element nitrogen in addition to C, H and O.
Functions: 1)Storage of energy : Ex. Albumin (egg white)
2)Transport: Ex. Hemoglobin 3)Regulation: Ex. Hormones (insulin)
4)Movement: Ex. Muscles 5)Structure: Ex. Hair, nails, membranes
6)Act as enzymes: Ex. Catalase, amylase
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The structure of a protein determines what it does. Each
arrangement of aa forms a different peptide which is folded into a
unique protein. Four levels of globular protein structure:
1)Primary structure: Peptide bonds form between aa creating
chains
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Four levels of globular protein structure: 2)Secondary
structure: 3-D folded arrangement of primary structure into coil
and pleats held together by hydrogen bonds
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Four levels of globular protein structure: 3)Tertiary
structure: Secondary structures bend and folded into a more complex
3-D arrangement of joined peptide chains.
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Four levels of globular protein structure: 4)Quaternary
structure: Composed of multiple structures. This determines its
function. Structure Review:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lijQ3a8yUYQ
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Globular Protein Examples: Albumin Hemoglobin
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Denaturation process when a protein changes its shape and
cannot perform its function Caused by: change in heat and change in
pH
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At which temperature does this enzyme work best? ~40C At which
temperature does this enzyme stop working? ~63C
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Why did the enzyme stop working at 63C? It denatured (changed
its shape) so it can no longer work.
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In order for cells to function properly, the enzymes/proteins
they contain must also function properly. What can be inferred
using the above information? A) Cells function best at high pH
levels. B) Cells do not function well at pH levels that are too
high or too low. C) Cells can function equally well at all pH
levels. D) Cells function best at low pH levels.
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1. Cellular processes are carried out many different types of
molecules, mostly proteins. The function of each protein molecule
depends on its shape which, in turn, is determined by the proteins
specific sequence of _____. A.Monosaccharides B.Amino acids
C.Triglycerides D.Nucleotides
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2. Two proteins in the same cell perform different functions.
This is because the two proteins are composed of A.Chains folded
the same way and the same sequence of simple sugars B.Chains folded
the same way and the same sequence of amino acids C.Chains folded
differently and a different sequence of simple sugars D.Chains
folded differently and a different sequence of amino acids
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3. Carbohydrates and proteins are two types of macromolecules.
Which functional characteristic of proteins distinguishes them from
carbohydrates? A.Large amount of stored information B.Ability to
catalyze biochemical reactions C.Efficient storage of usable
chemical energy D.Tendency to make cell membranes hydrophobic
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4. Which of the following is a function of proteins? A.Storing
energy B.Storing waste C.Catalyzing (speeding up) chemical
reactions D.Donating electrons
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Slide 20
Enzymes are very important for chemical reactions. There are
two parts for every reaction: Reactants - the things that go into a
chemical reaction. Products the things that are created as a result
of a chemical reaction C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O
reactantsproducts
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Enymes are proteins that speed up the rate of a chemical
reaction (catalyst) Enzymes speed up reactions by decreasing the
amount of activation energy needed for a reaction. -Activation
energy is energy that chemicals need to break bonds Example: Frogs
leaping over a pile of rocks The higher the barrier (activation
energy), the less frogs can get over (less product can be created).
The lower the barrier, the more Products can be made.