Protein Synthesis Worksheet Transcription & …kenwoodfreshmenbio.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/0/8/14081844/...Transcription is similar to DNA replication except ... Protein Synthesis Worksheet

Name: __________________________ Date: _______________________ Period: ____Transcription & Translation Week #____ !The first step in decoding genetic messages is transcription. This process occurs in the nucleus of a cell where a nucleotide base sequence is transcribed from DNA to message RNA, or mRNA. As implied by its name, mRNA carries a coded message from DNA, in the nucleus, to the rest of the cell. Transcription is similar to DNA replication except that in mRNA, the nitrogen base Thymine (T) is replaced by the nitrogen base Uracil (U). It is also similar to DNA replication in that an enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA molecule. In transcription, this enzyme is called RNA polymerase. !Directions: Fill in the complementary DNA strand and use this strand to transcribe DNA into mRNA. !!The second step in decoding genetic messages is translation. The sequence of nucleotide bases in an mRNA molecule is a set of instructions that originated in the nucleus and is carried to the ribosome in the cell’s cytoplasm. When a ribosome is attached to an mRNA sequence, the codons are read by the ribosome. A codon is three consecutive nucleotide bases in an mRNA strand. Each codon specifies for a particular amino acid used to create a protein. !Directions: Copy the mRNA sequence from above and box each codon. Use Figure 1 to decode each codon. Abbreviate amino acids by writing the first three letters. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Freshmen Biology

Transcription & Translation Summary

For each example:a. fill in the complimentary DNA strandb. fill in the correct mRNA bases by transcribing the bottom DNA codec. fill in the correct tRNA bases d. translate the mRNA codons to find the correct amino acids

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Protein Synthesis Worksheet

Directions: 1st Fill in the complimentary DNA strand using DNA base pairing rules. 2nd Fill in the correct mRNA bases by transcribing the bottom DNA code. 3rd Translate the mRNA codons and find the correct amino acid using the Codon Table 4th Write in the amino acid and the correct anti-codon the tRNA molecule. 5th The answer to the questions about protein synthesis below the amino acids. A T G G T A G C T A A C C T T 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. mRNA is synthesized in translation or transcription? 6. mRNA has codon or anti-codons? C A G G A A T T G C T C G A T 7. 8. 9. 10.

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Figure 1

How to Read a Codon Chart Example codon: AGC 1. Place your left pointer finger on the first letter

of your codon (A) along the left column of the codon chart.

2. Place your right pointer finger on the second letter of your codon (G) along the top of the codon chart.

3. Slide your fingers to meet. They should be on a section of four boxes (serine, serine, arginine, arginine).

4. Move your right pointer finger directly to the right and place it on the third letter of your codon (C) on the right side of the codon chart.

5. Slide your right finger back to find the amino acid (serine).



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Name: __________________________ Date: _______________________ Period: ____Directions: Complete transcription and translation in the examples. Use the first page for assistance. !1. !!!!!!!!!2. !!!!!!!!!3. !!!!!!!!Check for Understanding Questions !1. The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called:

a. translation b. transcription c. transformation d. replication !2. Which of the following describes mRNA?

a. RNA is double stranded and contains the base thymine. b. RNA is single stranded and contains the base uracil. c. RNA is longer than DNA and uses five bases to encode information. d. RNA is made in the nucleus of a cell and stays there to carry out its functions. !

3. Which of the following statements about the genetic code is true? a. A codon can specify for more than one amino acid. b. Every codon specifies for a different amino acid. c. Some codons specify for the same amino acid. d. Some codons have no function at all.

Freshmen Biology



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T T T C A A T C G A C C A A C 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 1 or 3 codons equal one amino acid? 16. tRNA brings amino acids to the nucleus or ribosome? 17. A polypeptide is a sequence of proteins or amino acids? 18. tRNA has codons or anti-codons? 19. tRNA transfers amino acids during translation or transcription? 20. Ribosomes are the site where translation or transcription takes place? G T A C T C A A G G T C T A G 21. 22. 23. 24.




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A T T G G C C T A T T C C T A

How does DNA determine the traits of an organism?

In this activity, you will examine the DNA sequence of a fictitious organism: the Snork. Snorks were discovered on the planet DeeZoo in a distant solar system. Snorks only have one chromosome with 6 genes on it. Your job is to complete transcription and translation in order to determine the traits of the Snork.

Recall....1. Transcribe the DNA sequence A C C G G T T A T into mRNA. _________________________________2. Translate the mRNA sequence into amino acids. _____________________________________________3. According to Table 2., what trait is coded for with this particular amino acid chain? _________________4. According to Table 1., what gene did you just transcribe and translate? ___________________________

Directions: Complete Table 1. to determine the appearance of your stork. Notice the sample column that has already been completed.

Gene # 1 2 3 4 5 6

DNA A C C G G T T A T A G C C G A G G G T T T A A C A A A G G A C G C C G A G G G A G G A A A T T C T T C C T A

mRNA U G G C C A A U A

Amino Acids

try-pro-iso

Traits Hairless

Name: ___________________________________________ Date: _______________________ Period: _______

Freshmen Biology

Sketch your Snork here:

How does DNA determine the traits of an organism?

In this activity, you will examine the DNA sequence of a fictitious organism: the Snork. Snorks were discovered on the planet DeeZoo in a distant solar system. Snorks only have one chromosome with 6 genes on it. Your job is to complete transcription and translation in order to determine the traits of the Snork.

Gene # 1 2 3 4 5 6

DNA A C C G G T T A T A G C C G A G G G T T T A A C A A A G G A C G C C G A G G G A G G A A A T T C T T C C T A

mRNA U G G C C A A U A

Amino Acids

try-pro-iso

Traits Hairless

Name: ___________________________________________ Date: _______________________ Period: _______

Freshmen Biology

Sketch your Snork here:Amino Acid Sequence Trait

try-pro-iso hairless

try-gly-iso hairy

ser-ala-pro 4 legged

ser-arg-pro 2 legged

pro-val-phe round head

pro-ser-phe block head

lys-phe-phe no tail

lys-leu-phe tail

pro-ala-ala square eyes

pro-ala-cys round eyes

leu-leu-asp long legs

leu-leu-arg short legs

Name: ___________________________________________ Date: _______________________ Period: _______

Freshmen Biology

lys-leu-phe

lys-lys-asp

Table 1.

Table 2.

On the lines provided, write a summary of how your Snork’s DNA eventually provided enough information for you to sketch its appearance. You must include the following terms in your explanation: DNA, mRNA, transcription, translation, nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosome, codon, amino acids, and protein.

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Freshmen Biology

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Protein Synthesis Worksheet Transcription & …kenwoodfreshmenbio.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/0/8/14081844/...Transcription is similar to DNA replication except ... Protein Synthesis Worksheet