Prospective Life Cycle Impact Scenarios of Container Shipping

Anders H. Strømman, Evert A. Bouman, Anna Ringvold

Programme for Industrial Ecology, Department of Energy & Process Engineering

Norwegian University of Science & Technology

4 September 2017

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Duration: 2015-2023Budget: 20 MEUR

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MariTEAM Model - from LCA of individual ship designs to fleet level assessments

Bouman et al. (2016) SNAME-SMC-16

Impacts

CO2

CH4

SO2

NOx

N2O

PM10

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Bouman et al. (2017)Trans. Res. Part D, 52 pp 408-421

Review of mitigation options

6 Smith et al. (2015) Third IMO greenhouse gas study 2014. IMO

0 50 100 150 200 250

Bulk carrier

Chemical tanker

Container

Cruise

Ferry-pax only

Ferry-RoPax

General cargo

Liquefied gas tanker

Oil tanker

Other liquid tankers

Refrigrerated bulk

Ro-Ro

Vehicle

Million tonnes CO2

Results for the Containership Fleet in 2016

• Economy of scale-effect

12500-20000 TEU2.64 g CO2e/tkm

8500-12500 TEU3.51 g CO2e/tkm

6500-8500 TEU4.37 g CO2e/tkm

0-2300 TEU38.5 g CO2e/tkm

2300-4000 TEU7.30 g CO2e/tkm

(Ecoinvent size equivalent)

4000-6500 TEU6.37 g CO2e/tkm 0%

50%

100%

Designing Shipping Scenarios aligned with theShared Socioeconomic Pathways (IPCC)

O’Neill et al. (2014) Climatic Change 122, pp 387-400

Historic fleet data inform scenarios for different segments

Results obtained for individual shipsas well as for fleet level scenarios

GWP

PMFP

POFP

TAP

FDP

MDP

HTP

METP

FETP

ALOP

ULOP

Location affects the climate impacts of emissions

Lindstad, Bright, Strømman (2016) Transport Policy 45, pp 24-30

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AISsat 1 & 2 data covers global fleet

Kystverket (2015), kystverket.noEuropean Space Agency (2016), esa.int

13 AIS messages from Norwegian Coastal Administration (Kystverket) 2015

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Message density, Panamax (738 ships)Containerships 3000-6000 TEU and beam < 32.3 m

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Message density, Post-Panamax (1084 ships)Containerships 4500-10000 TEU and beam > 32.3 m

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Message density, Ultra Large Container Vessels (81 ships)Containerships > 14500 TEU

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Example results

SO2 emissions in kg yr-1 along a maritime route on 0.1 x 0.1 degree grid

Containership46 m beam304 m length_BP14.5 m draught90647 ton displacement64.1 MW engine

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Example results

SO2 emissions in kg along a maritime route on 0.1 x 0.1 degree grid when speed is reduced with 10%

Containership46 m beam304 m length_BP14.5 m draught90647 ton displacement64.1 MW engine

Less red

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MariTEAM Model

Bouman et al. (2016) SNAME-SMC-16