PROPOSED 1.5 MTPA COAL WASHERY · distance of around 19 K.M.s from Siltara Industrial Growth Centre, 30 K.M.s from Mandir Hasoud, 60-70 K.M.s from Borai Industrial Area and 70 K.M.s

Draft Environmental Impact Assessment & Environmental Management Plan Report

(Submitted for Public Hearing as per the provisions of EIA Notification 2006 & amendments thereof)

For

(Project Area: 7.5 Ha)

Located at: Village Tadali, Tehsil Chandrapur,

District Chandrapur, State Maharashtra

Project Proponent:

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. F-4, 1st Floor, Shradha House, Kings Way,

Near SBI Headquater, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440001

Environmental Consultant

Pollution and Ecology Control Services (PECS) Accredited under the QCI-NABET Scheme for EIA Consultant

Head Office: Address: Near Dhantoli Police Station, Dhantoli, Nagpur – 440012 (Maharashtra)

E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: 0712-6504146,

09423683728, 09373128182

August 2019

PROPOSED 1.5 MTPA COAL WASHERY

Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & DistrictChandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.

CONTENTS

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Identification of project & project proponent 1

1.2 Brief description of the project 2

1.3 Purpose of the report 9

1.4 Scope of the study 10

1.5 Preparation of EIA/EMP 12

2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Background of the project 19

2.2 Project description 19

2.3 Plant layout 22

2.4 Process description for coal washery 242.5 Raw coal requirement, source & mode of transport 302.6 Coal analysis & material balance 302.7 Solid waste generation & management 312.8 Water requirement & source 322.9 Electrical power requirement & source 332.10 Manpower requirement 332.11 Site infrastructure 34

2.12 Fire protection system 342.13 Sources of pollution 353.0 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Baseline environmental studies 38

3.2 Air Environment 39

3.3 Noise Environment 46

3.4 Water Environment 48

3.5 Land Environment 63

3.6 Biological Environment 70

3.7 Socio economic Environment 76

4.0 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Identification of impacts 82

4.2 Construction phase-impacts and mitigation measures 82

4.3 Operation phase-anticipated impacts and mitigation

measures

86

5.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1 Site alternatives 114

5.2 Technology alternatives 1146.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

6.1 Introduction 118

6.2 Environment monitoring programme 119


CONTENTS

ii

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.

6.3 Budget allocation for environmental monitoring 1216.4 Corporate environmental policy of the company 1227.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 Public consultation 125

7.2 Risk assessment 125

7.3 Disaster management plan 129

7.4 Occupational health and surveillance 1347.5 Safety plan 1367.6 Social impact assessment 1387.7 Rehabilitation & resettlement action plan 1398.0 PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 Environmental costs 1408.2 Environmental benefits 1418.3 Environmental cost benefit analysis 1419.0 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

9.1 Environmental costs 146

9.2 Environmental benefits 147

9.3 Improvement cost benefit analysis 14710.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.1 Institutional arrangements for environment protection

and conservation

149

10.2 Anticipated environmental impacts and action plan

proposed for mitigation during plant operation phase

150

10.3 Budgetary allocation for environmental management

plan

156

11.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

11.1 Introduction 157

11.2 Draft EIA/EMP report 15811.3 Project description 15911.4 Existing environmental scenario 16211.5 Anticipated environmental impact and mitigation

measures168

11.6 Environmental monitoring program 17311.7 Risk assessment & disaster management plan 17311.8 Project benefits 17311.9 Environmental management plan 17411.10 Conclusion 17412.0 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT

12.1 Introduction to PECS 175


CONTENTS

iii

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1.1 Location map of the Plant site 4

1.2 Study area map ( 10 km radius) 5

1.3 Google image of the project site 6

2.1 Map showing location of other industries in the study area 202.2 Plant layout showing proposed facilities 232.3 Process flow sheet of proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery 292.4 Material balance flow chart 312.5 Water balance diagram 323.1 Site specific windrose diagram 42

3.2 Study area map with air monitoring locations 44

3.3 Study area map with noise monitoring locations 47

3.4 Map showing topography and drainage of study area 50

3.5 Hydro-geological map of Chandrapur district 513.6 Surface and ground water sampling locations 553.7 Satellite imagery of 10 km radius study area 653.8 Satellite imagery based Land use land cover map of the 10

km radius study area66

3.9 Study area map with soil sampling locations 684.1 Flow sheet showing impacts of various plant operations

on air quality and proposed control/mitigation measures

88

4.2 GAUSSIAN PLUME model 894.3 Map showing predicted GLCS of PM10 92

4.4 Predicted cumulative noise isolines due to proposed coalwashery

97

4.5 Water balance diagram 100

4.6 Schematic diagram of rainwater harvesting pit 102

6.1 Organisation structure for Environment Management 1226.2 Organisation chart for Environment Management Cell 12310.1 Organization Structure for Environment Management 150

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE

NO.

TITLE PAGE

NO.

1.1 Geographical coordinates of the Project site 3

1.2 Salient features of the project site 61.3 Coal production and imports 81.4 Environmental attributes and frequency of monitoring 111.5 Compliance to terms of reference 132.1 Technical details of proposed washery 22

2.2 Land use 22


CONTENTS

iv

TABLE

NO.

TITLE PAGE

NO.

2.3 Land break-up of coal washery area 24

2.4 Characteristics & quantum of rom coal, washed coal & coalwashery rejects

30

2.5 Water balance for proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal Washery 322.6 Identified pollution sources & proposed control measures 353.1 Salient features of Baseline environmental studies 383.2 Past Climatological data for IMD, Chandrapur 39

3.3 Summary of the meteorological data generated at site 41

3.4 Wind direction and wind speed 413.5 Details of ambient air quality monitoring locations 43

3.6 Summary of ambient air quality Monitoring results 45

3.7 Noise Monitoring locations in the study area 46

3.8 Summary of ambient noise level monitoring results 48

3.9 Monthly rainfall data – Chandrapur district 49

3.10 Stage of development of ground water in Chandrapur Tehsil 53

3.11 Details of water sampling locations 56

3.12 Analysis results of Surface water quality 57

3.13 Analysis results of ground water quality 60

3.14 Satellite imagery based landuse pattern of the study area 64

3.15 Details of soil sampling locations 673.16 Soil quality analysis results 693.17 List of Flora 713.18 Fauna observed in the study area 74

3.19 Demographic pattern of the study area 77

3.20 Employment pattern in the study area 78

3.21 Land use pattern of the study area 794.1 Predicted GLC of PM10 at ambient air quality monitoring stations 914.2 Expected source noise levels 96

4.3 Estimation of wastewater generation 994.4 Proposed land use of coal washery area 103

4.5 Solid waste generation 1044.6 Characteristics & quantum of rom coal, washed coal & coal

washery rejects

105

4.7 Proposed plantation program in the coal washery area 107

4.8 Recommended species for plantation 108

5.1 Comparison of different coal washing technologies 1166.1 Implementation schedule for mitigation measures 118

6.2 Proposed environmental monitoring schedule 1216.3 Proposed budget for environmental monitoring programme 1227.1 Possible risks from the proposed plant 1278.1 Proposed budget for CER activities 145

10.1 Anticipated environmental impacts and proposed action plan formitigation of impacts due to proposed coal washery

150

10.2 Budget estimation for environmental management plan 156

11.1 Salient features of the project site 158


CONTENTS

v

TABLE

NO.

TITLE PAGE

NO.

11.2 Summary of ambient air quality monitoring results 16311.3 Summary of ambient noise level monitoring results 16411.4 LU/LC classes and their coverage within 10 km radius 16611.5 Summary of socio-economic environment of villages within 10 km

radius area167

11.6 Solid waste generation 172

LIST OF ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE NUMBER TITLEAnnexure I ToR Letter

Annexure II Air Quality Monitoring Results

Annexure III Noise Monitoring Results

Annexure IV Socio economic details‘


CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 1


1.1 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT

1.1.1 Project Proponent

M/s. Vimla Infrastructure (India) Private Limited is the incorporated organisation

under Companies Act, 1956, established in the year 2006 and at the stage of infancy it

has undertaken a challenge to construct a Private Commercial Railway Siding and it has

achieved and succeeded in operating the same in the month of January 2007.

M/s. Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.has Railway sidings which cater to the needs

of the clients with its handling and logistics services currently in the field of coal,

cement, iron ore, manganese, gypsum and bauxite inexpensively and quickly. The

company has its first private Railway siding near Siliyari Railway Station, having a

distance of around 19 K.M.s from Siltara Industrial Growth Centre, 30 K.M.s from

Mandir Hasoud, 60-70 K.M.s from Borai Industrial Area and 70 K.M.s from Silpahari

Industrial Area, Bilaspur. Thus catering to the need of Raipur and Bilaspur industrial

cluster. And as a Second private siding is located near Bhupdeopur Railway Station

having a distance of around 25 KMs from Taraimal Industrial Growth Centre, thus

catering to the need of Raigarh industrial cluster. Railway sidings of these locations are

governed under South East Central Railway. As a third step the private siding is

constructed at Tadali, near the industrial cluster of MIDC, Dist. Chandrapur,

Maharashtra under Central Railway.

Now, looking at the prospective of demand for washed coal, availability of raw coal in

the vicinity and availability of own railway siding, M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt.

Ltd, has decided to venture into Coal Washery business. For this, the company proposed

to establish a 1.5 MTPA coal washery adjacent to their existing railway siding at Tadali

village, Tehsil & District – Chandrapur, Maharashtra state.

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. has owned 27 Ha of private land for

construction and operation of private railway siding in Tadali village, Tehsil & District

Chandrapur, Maharashtra. The coal washery project is proposed adjacent to the existing

railway siding of the company in the own private land. 7.5 Ha area is demarcated for

establishment of coal washery.

Address for Communication

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.

F-4, 1st Floor,

Shradha House, Kings Way,

Near SBI Headquater, Nagpur,

Maharashtra 440001




Authorised Signatory:

Shri. Ajit Singh

Designation: Director

Email ID: [email protected]

Phone No: 8975755775

1.1.2 Identification of Project

Looking to the demand of washed coal, company decided to set up a 1.5 MTPA coal

washery.

For establishing the coal washery, company has selected own land adjacent to the

existing railway siding of the company at Village- Tadali, Tehsil & District - Chandrapur,

Maharashtra. An area of 7.50 Ha has been earmarked for the coal washery project.

Cost of the proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal Washery is estimated as approx. Rs. 22.0 Crore.

The project falls under Sector 2 (a) in Category ‘A’ as per the EIA Notification 2006,

based on the capacity of the project. Application for prior environmental clearance was

submitted to MoEF&CC on 15.02.2019. MoEF&CC issued Standard Terms of Reference

(TOR) for proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery vide letter no. J-11015/145/2018-IA.II (M)

dated 28.04.2019 (Annexure - I).

1.2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

1.2.1 Nature of the Project

This is a proposed coal washery project of 1.5 MTPA throughput capacity in 7.5 Ha area

is proposed to be located adjacent to the existing railway siding of M/s Vimla

Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. in Tadali village, Tehsil & District Chandrapur,

Maharashtra. 1.5 Million tonnes per annum raw coal with ash content of approx. 40% or

more will be sourced from WCL mines located in Chandrapur & Wani area. (on DO

basis/through E-auction). Raw coal will be washed to reduce the ash content to less

than 34% or as per the customer demand and the washed coal will be supplied to the

user industries.


based on the capacity of the project. There is no wildlife sanctuary/national

Park/Biosphere reserve, critically polluted area or Interstate/International boundary

within 10 km radius study area of the project.

1.2.2 Size of the Project

This is a proposed 1.5 MTPA wet Coal Washery project. For establishing the coal

washery, company has selected own land adjacent to the existing railway siding of the




company at Village- Tadali, Tehsil & District - Chandrapur, Maharashtra. An area of 7.50

Ha has been earmarked for the coal washery project.

1.2.3 Cost of the Project

The capital cost of the proposed coal washery project is estimated to be approx. Rs. 22

Crore.

1.2.4 Location of the Project

The proposed coal washery area will be located in own private land of M/s Vimla

Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. in Village- Tadali, Tehsil & District - Chandrapur,

Maharashtra. The project area and 10 km radius study area falls in Toposheet no. 55

P/4 & 55 M/1 on R.F. 1:50,000. The geographical coordinates of the Project site are

given in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1: Geographical coordinates of the project site

Sr. No. Latitude Longitude

1. 20° 0'44.54"N 79°10'25.82"E

2. 20° 0'43.30"N 79°10'27.03"E

3. 20° 0'35.68"N 79°10'24.21"E

4. 20° 0'36.25"N 79°10'20.83"E

5. 20° 0'29.64"N 79°10'18.88"E

6. 20° 0'35.38"N 79°10'12.08"E

The location map of the project site is presented in Figure 1.1, Study area map (10 Km

radius) is shown in Figure 1.2. Google image showing the project site is given in Figure

1.3. The environmental settings of the project site are presented in Table 1.2.




FIGURE 1.1: LOCATION MAP OF THE PLANT SITE

Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India)Pvt. Ltd.



FIGURE 1.2: TOPO MAP OF STUDY AREA (10 KM RADIUS)




FIGURE 1.3: GOOGLE IMAGE OF THE PROJECT SITE

TABLE 1.2: SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT SITE

Sr. No. Particulars Details

1 Name of the ProjectProposed 1.5 MTPA Coal Washery (Wet

process)

2 LocationVillage - Tadali, Tehsil - Chandrapur,

District - Chandrapur, State - Maharashtra

3 Total area & present landuse

7.50 Ha

Private land owned by company. Proposed

site is located adjacent to the existing

Railway siding of the company.

4 Site elevation 211 to 214 m MSL

5 SoI Toposheet No. 55 P/4 & 55M/1

6 Nearest IMD station IMD, Chandrapur

7 Site topography Flat

8 Nearest highwayChandrapur – Nagpur State Highway (SH

264) : 1.7 KM NE

9 Nearest railway station

Tadali Railway Station: 2.2 Km, NE

Bhadrawati Railway station: 10 km NNW

Chandrapur Railway Station: 17 Km SE

10 Nearest airportMorwa Airstrip: 5.4 km E

Nagpur Airport: 120 km N





11 Nearest riversWardha River: 6.0 km W

Irai River: 9.3 km SE

12 Nearest port None within 10 km radius

13 Nearest town Chandrapur, 14 Km E

14 District headquarters Chandrapur, 14 Km E

15Nearest state/national

boundariesNone within 10 km radius

16Nearest major city with

2,00,000 populationChandrapur, 14 Km E

17 Nearest villageSakharwai, 1.5 Km NNW

Tadali: 2.8 km NE

19 Nearest tourist place Mahakali Temple, Chandrapur 15.6 km SE

20 Archaeological sites

There are several Archaeological

monuments in Chandrapur city beyond 10

km radius from the project site.

21

Protected areas as per wildlife

protection act 1972 (tiger

reverses, elephant reserve,

biospheres, national parks

wildlife sanctuaries, community

reserves & conservation

reserves)

Tadoba-Andhari Tiger reserve Ecosensitive

zone : approx. 15 km NE

22 Reserved/protected forestsBhandak Reserved Forest: 9.1 km NE

Morwa Reserved Forest: 1.4 km E

23 SeismicitySeismic Zone II (Low Damage Risk Zone:

MSK VI or Less)

24 Defence Installations Ordinance Factory Bhadravati, 12.0 km N

25Other industries in 10 km

radius

MIDC Tadali is located near the proposed

project site. Also, coal mines of Wani area

are located within 10 km radius.




1.2.5 Supply and Demand Details

The production of coal in India is continuously growing. Year-wise domestic production

of coal & import of coal in recent years is summarized in Table 1.3 below:

Table 1.3: Coal Production and Import (In Million Tonnes)

2013-14 2014-15 2015-17 2016-17

Production 565.8 608.9(+7.6%) 639.9(+5%) 661.3(+3.4%)

Import 170.2 215.6(+27%) 207.1(-4%) 195.4(-5.8%)

SCCL Production 50.47 52.54(+4%) 60.38(+15%) 61.3(+1%)

CIL production 462.4 494.2(+7%) 538.8(+9%) 554.1(+2.8%)Source: CMIE and Annual Production report of CIL and SCCL. Figures in brackets are growth rates

In May 2017, the Union Government approved a coal linkage policy known as “SHAKTI”

(Scheme for Harnessing and Allocating Koyala (Coal) Transparently in India). The

scheme aimed at providing fuel linkage to stressed power producers who had signed

power purchase agreements. The scheme also aimed at reducing coal imports up to

50% in FY18 by state-owned power producers.

Imports vs Indigenous production

The government has been pushing domestic thermal power plants to use domestic coal

over imported coal. The decreased import of coal is due to higher prices in the global

markets. Global coal prices as per World Bank data are at a 5 year high in the range of

USD 86-90 (Rs.5,600-5,900 @ current dollar rate) for Australian thermal coal for the

month of September. CIL and SCCL sell coal at much lower cost since it is regulated. The

lowest grade coal is priced at roughly Rs.2,200 and the highest grade is priced at Rs.

5,300 including transportation and GST. With easy availability of domestic coal at lower

prices, the import of coal is reduced as seen in Table 1.3.

1.2.6 Importance to the Country & Region

In order to meet the demand of energy requirements of all sectors (industrial,

commercial, house hold) in the country reliable and quality energy is required. About

70% of country’s energy/ power requirement is generated by coal based thermal power

plants. Sponge iron plants, steel plants, cement industry etc. also consume coal.

Thermal power plants are designed for using certain quality of coal and any deviation in

quality of coal will severely affects the performance and efficiency of the plant. Key

areas of concern in coal are ash content and inconsistency in quality of coal. The

performance and environmental aspects of thermal power plants largely depend on

quality of coal used. Due to the above reasons emphasis has been made by Govt. of India

to improve quality of coal by beneficiation and use coal with ash content of ≤ 34% in

thermal power plants located beyond 500km from coal producing points and also in

those power houses situated in environmentally sensitive areas. Due to the above facts

there will be good market for washed coal.




Following factors need to be evaluated for need of washing of coal

• Economy in long distance transportation of raw coal

• Poor performance and efficiency of plant using unwashed coal

• Ash management

• Multiplicity of supply sources in many cases add to inconsistency in quality coal

Due to the above facts there will be good market for washed coal.

1.2.7 Benefits of using washed coal

• Increased power generation efficiency, mainly due to the reduction in energy loss as

inert material passes through the combustion process

• Improvement in plant utilization factor resulting in increased plant availability

• Reduced investment costs

• Reduced operation and maintenance (O&M) costs due to less wear and reduced

costs for fuel and ash handling

• Energy conservation in the transportation sector and lower transportation costs

• Less impurities and improved coal quality thus reduction in fuel consumption

• Reduced smoke and dust emission thus reduction in load on the air pollution control

system

• Reduction in the amount of solid waste that has to be disposed off due to low ash.

Due to this there will be reduction in ash disposal area

• Reduction in auxiliary power consumption

• Reduction /elimination in fuel oil support

• Reduction in furnace wall slagging, boiler tube leakage, clinker formation, abnormal

erosion etc.

• Improvement in boiler efficiency and reduction in running maintenance of boiler

and its auxiliaries

• Reduction in outage/down time in coal mills due to absence of foreign material.

From the above it can be seen that washing of coal helps in achieving operational

efficiency and better performance of thermal plants thus plays a vital role in national as

well as regional interest.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

This is a proposed coal washery project of 1.5 MTPA throughput capacity located

adjacent to the existing railway siding of the company at Village- Tadali, Tehsil &

District - Chandrapur, Maharashtra. An area of 7.50 Ha has been earmarked for the coal

washery project.








dated 28.04.2019 (Annexure - I).

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. has retained services of M/s. Pollution and

Ecology Control Services, Nagpur for undertaking Environmental Impact Assessment

(EIA) studies as per the Terms of Reference (TOR) prescribed by MoEF&CC, New Delhi

for assessing the impacts of proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery project activities on

various environmental parameters and preparation of an Environment Management

Plan for mitigating the adverse impacts of the project. The public hearing for the project

will be conducted in line with the EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006 and as

prescribed in ToR. The final EIA/EMP report will be upgraded after Public hearing

incorporating concerns of public raised at the time of public hearing and will be

submitted to MoEF&CC, New Delhi for environmental clearance.

Accordingly, M/s. Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur has conducted the

baseline environmental monitoring studies as per the TOR issued by MoEF, New Delhi

and the draft EIA report is prepared for conducting the public hearing for the project.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

In line with the Terms of Reference (TOR) prescribed by MoEF&CC, New Delhi, the area

comprising 10-km radius around the coal washery is considered as the study area. The

EIA/EMP report is prepared for the proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal Washery at Tadali village,

Tehsil & District Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.

The detailed studies have been conducted as per prescribed TOR.

The scope of study broadly covered:

• Literature review and collection of primary and secondary data relevant to the

study area;

• Establishing the baseline environmental scenario in and around the proposed

project site;

• Identifying various existing pollution loads in the area;

• Predicting incremental levels of pollutants in the study area due to the proposed

project operations;

• Evaluating the predicted impacts on various environmental attributes in the

study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted environmental

impact assessment methodologies;

• Preparing an Environment Management Plan (EMP) outlining the measures for

improving the environmental quality; and

• Identifying critical environmental attributes that are required to be monitored in

the post-project scenario.




The baseline environmental studies were conducted for a period of three months

representing Summer season (March, 2019 to May, 2019) to determine existing

conditions of various environmental attributes as outlined in Table 1.4. The scope also

includes all the conditions outlined in the TOR’s prescribed by MoEF&CC, New Delhi for

coal washery project.

TABLE 1.4: ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES AND FREQUENCY OF MONITORING

Sr.

No.

Attributes Parameters Frequency

1 Micro-

Meteorology

Wind speed, Wind direction,

Temperature, Relative

humidity and Rainfall.

Non-instrumental observation

Cloud cover, visibility and

dust storms etc.

At project site continuous for one

season with hourly recording

and secondary data also

collected from the nearest IMD

station at Chandrapur.

2 Ambient Air

Quality

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX 24 hourly samples twice a week

for three months at 8 locations.

3 Noise levels Noise levels in dB(A) Hourly Ambient Noise levels

monitored at 8 locations for 24

hours at each location, once

during study period.

4 Water

quality

Physical, Chemical and

Bacteriological parameters

Grab sampling, once during

study period for 8 ground water

and 5 surface water samples.

5 Soil quality Physical and chemical

properties of soil

Grab sampling, once during

study period, from 3 locations

6 Ecology Existing terrestrial and

aquatic flora and fauna in 10-

Km radius.

Through field studies once

during study period. Secondary

data from Forest & Agriculture

offices.

7 Land use Current land-use scenario Based on recent Satellite imagery

and Census Handbook.

8 Hydrogeolog

y

Drainage area and pattern,

nature of streams, aquifer

characteristics, recharge and

discharge areas, etc.

Based on primary and secondary

sources, once during study

period.

9 Socio-

Economic

aspects

Socio-economic aspects like

demography, population

dynamics, infrastructure

resources, health status,

economic resources, etc.

From primary survey and

secondary sources (Census

Handbook) once during the

study period.




1.5 PREPARATION OF EIA/EMP

Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal Washery project of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. is

classified as “Category A” as per the EIA notification dated on 14th September, 2006.

After recommendation of ToR, the team of EIA Coordinator & Functional Area Experts

(as listed in Declaration) carried out desktop studies, discussed the issues involved in

the project with the project proponent and accordingly planned the schedule for

completion of the EIA studies. Baseline environmental monitoring was conducted in line

with the ToR during Summer i.e. March 2019 to May 2019 for determining the status of

ambient air quality, ambient noise levels, surface and ground water quality, soil quality,

status of flora, fauna and eco-sensitive areas and socio-economic status of the villages

within 10 km radius area of the project. The observations of the studies are

incorporated in the EIA report. Impacts of the proposed project activities during

construction and operation stages were identified and duly addressed in the EIA report

along with the proposed management plan to control / mitigate the impacts.

Environmental Management Plan is suggested to implement the pollution control

measures in the project.

The draft report is prepared incorporating the TOR conditions and point wise TOR

condition compliance are summarized below:

1.5.1 Compliance of Terms of Reference:

The point wise compliance of TOR conditions is given in Table 1.5




TABLE 1.5: COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE

Sr.

No.

Terms of Reference Compliance status

1. Siting of washery is critical consideringto its environmental impacts.Preference should be given to the sitelocated at pit head; in case such a site isnot available, the site should be as closeto the pit head as possible and coalshould be transported from mine to thewashery preferably through closedconveyer belt to avoid air pollution.

The proposed coal washery site is

located adjacent to the existing private

railway siding of M/s Vimla

Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. in own

private land in Tadali village, Tehsil &

District Chandrapur, Maharashtra.

There are opencast coal mines of WCL

in Chandrapur and Wani area in the

vicinity of the project. Details of the

project site location are given in Para

1.2.4 in Chapter 1 and justification for

site selection is given in Para 5.1 in

Chapter 5.

2. The washery shall not be located in

eco-sensitive zones areas.

Proposed coal washery project is not

located in any eco-sensitive area.

3. The washery should have a closedsystem and zero discharge. The stormdrainage should be treated in settlingponds before discharging intorivers/streams/water bodies.

Proposed coal washery will operate

on ‘Zero Effluent Discharge’ Principle.

Details are given in Para 4.3.4 in

Chapter 4.

4. A thick Green belt of about 50 m width

should be developed surrounding the

washery.

A thick green belt will be developed

around the proposed coal washery

boundary. 2.6 Ha area is demarcated

for the greenbelt/plantation. Details

are given in Para 4.3.7.2 in Chapter 4.

5. A brief description of the plantalongwith a layout, the specifictechnology used and the source of coalshould be provided.

Project description along with plant

lay out, proposed coal washery

process, sources of raw coal, etc. are

covered in Chapter 2.

6. The EIA-EMP Repot should cover theimpacts and management plan for theproject of the capacity for which EC issought and the impacts of specificactivities, including the technologyused and coal used, on the environmentof the area (within 10km radius), andthe environmental quality of air, water,land, biotic community, etc. throughcollection of data and information,generation of data on impacts for therated capacity. Cumulative impacts for

The draft EIA/EMP report is prepared

for 1.5 MTPA coal washery on rated

capacity. Impacts of the proposed coal

washery during construction and

operation phases and corresponding

proposed pollution control measures

on various environmental attributes

are described in Chapter 4.




Sr.

No.


air and water should be a part of ElA incase coal mine, TPP and otherwasheries are located within 10kmradius. The ElA should also includemitigative measures needed tominimize adverse environmentalimpacts.

7. A Study Area Map of the core zone aswell as the 10km area of buffer zoneshowing major industries/ mines andother polluting sources should besubmitted. These maps shall alsoindicate the migratory corridors offauna, if any and areas of endangeredfauna; plants of medicinal andeconomic importance; any ecologicallysensitive areas within the 10 km bufferzone; the shortest distance from theNational Park/WL Sanctuary TigerReserve, etc. alongwith the commentsof the Chief Wildlife Warden of theState Government.

A 10 km radius study area map

showing locations of major industries

/ mines located within 10 km radius is

given in Figure 2.1 in Chapter 2.

There is no National Park/Wildlife

Sanctuary /Tiger reserve or other eco-

sensitive area within 10 km radius of

the proposed coal washery project.

8. Data of one-season (non-monsoon)primary- base-line data onenvironmental quality of air (PM10,PM2.5, SOx and NOx, noise, water(surface and groundwater), soil besubmitted.

Environmental monitoring for

ambient air quality, ambient noise

levels, surface and ground water

quality, soil quality, etc. was carried

out during summer 2019. Details are

incorporated in Chapter 3.

9. The wet washery should generallyutilize mine water only. In case minewater is not available, the option ofstorage of rain water and its use shouldbe examined. Use of surface water andground water should be avoided.

There is no mine in the vicinity of

proposed coal washery site. Rainwater

harvesting is proposed in the project

and the harvested rainwater will be

used to the extent possible. Additional

water requirement will be fulfilled

from ground water sources. Necessary

prior permission will be obtained

from CGWA. Details are given in Para

4.3.4.3 in Chapter 4.

10. Detailed water balance should beprovided. The break-up of waterrequirement as per different activitiesin the mining operations vis-a-viswashery should be given. If the source

Detailed water balance and break up

of water requirement is given in Para

2.8.1 in Chapter 2.




Sr.

No.


of water is from surface water and/orground water, the same may bejustified besides obtaining approval ofthe Competent Authority for its drawl.

11. The entire sequence of mineralproduction, transportation, handling,transfer and storage of mineral andwaste, if any, and their impacts on airquality should be shown in a flow chartwith specific points where fugitiveemissions can arise and specificpollution control/mitigative measuresproposed to be put in place. Thewashed coal and rejects should betransport by train as far as possible.Road transport of washed coal andrejects should generally be avoided. Incase, the TPP is within 10km radius, itshould be through conveyer belt. Iftransport by rail is not feasible becauseof the topography of the area, theoption for transport by road beexamined in detail and its impactsalong with the mitigation measuresshould be clearly brought out inElA/EMP report.

Activity wise pollution sources and

corresponding proposed mitigation

measures are discussed in Para 2.13 in

Chapter 2.

Mode of transport for raw coal,

washed coal and reject coal is

discussed in Para 2.5 in Chapter 2.

12. Details of various facilities proposed tobe provided in terms of parking, restareas, canteen etc.to the personnelinvolved in mineral transportation,workshop and effluents/pollution loadfrom these activities should beprovided.

Site infrastructure facilities and

pollution load from these facilities are

discussed in Para 2.11 in Chapter 2.

13. Impacts of CHP, if any, on air and water

quality should also be spelt out

alongwith Action Plan.

Impacts of the proposed coal washery

project on ambient air quality and

water quality are discussed in Chapter

3.

14. O.M. no. J-llOI3/25/2014-IA.I dated

11th August, 2014 to be followed with

regard to CSR activities.

CER activities are planned as per the

provisions of the state O.M. Details of

the proposed CER activities are

discussed in Chapter 9.

15. Details of Public Hearing, Notice(s)issued in newspapers,proceedings/minutes of Public Hearing,

The Draft EIA/EMP report is

submitted for public hearing. Details

of the public hearing will be




Sr.

No.


points raised by the general public andresponse/commitments made by theproponent along with the Action Planand budgetary provisions be submittedin tabular form. If the Public Hearing isin the regional language, anauthenticated English translation of thesame should be provided. Status of anylitigations/ court cases filed/pending, ifany, against the project should bementioned in EIA.

incorporated in Final EIA/EMP report.

16. Analysis of samples indicating thefollowing be submitted:a) Characteristics of coal prior towashing (this includes grade of coal,other characteristics of ash, S andheavy levels of metals such as Hg, As,Pb, Cr etc).b) Characteristics and quantum of coalafter washing.c) Characteristics and quantum of coal

rejects.

Detailed characteristics of raw coal,

washed coal and reject coal are given

in Para 2.6 in Chapter 2.

17. Details of management/disposal/use ofcoal rejects should be provided. Therejects should be used in TPP locatedclose to the washery as far as possible.If TPP is within a reasonable distance(10 km), transportation should be byconveyor belt. If it is far away, thetransportation should be by rail as faras possible.

Details of the washery reject coal

generation and its management is

discussed in Para 4.3.6 in Chapter 4.

18. Copies of MOU/Agreement withlinkages (for stand-alone washery) forthe capacity for which EC is beingsought should be submitted.

The raw coal for the proposed coal

washery will be procured through

auction / on DO basis. Washed coal

will be sold to the user industries as

per requirement.

19. Corporate Environment Responsibility:a) The Company must have a well laiddown Environment Policy approved bythe Board of Directors.b) The Environment Policy mustprescribe for standard operatingprocess/procedures to bring into focusany infringements/deviation/violation

Details of the Corporate

Environmental responsibility of the

company are discussed in Para 6.4 in

Chapter 6.




Sr.

No.


of the environmental or forest norms/conditions.c) The hierarchical system orAdministrative Order of the company todeal with environmental issues and forensuring compliance with theenvironmental clearance conditionsmust be furnished..d) To have proper checks and balances,the company should have a well laiddown system of reporting of non-compliances/violations ofenvironmental norms to the Board ofDirectors of the company and/orshareholders or stakeholders at large.

20. A detailed action Plan for CorporateSocial Responsibility for the projectaffected people and people living in andaround the project area should beprovided.

Details of the proposed CER activities

planned in the nearby villages are

given in Chapter 9.

21. Permission of drawl of water shall be

pre-requisite for consideration of EC.

Necessary permission will be obtained

from CGWA for drawal of ground

water.

22. Wastewater /effluent should confirm tothe effluent standards as prescribedunder Environment (Protection) Act,1986

The proposed coal washery will

operate on ‘Zero Effluent Discharge’

Principle. There will not be any

discharge of process effluent from the

coal washery. Details are given in Para

4.3.4.3 in Chapter 4.

23. Details of washed coal, middling andrejects along with the MoU with theend-users should be submitted.

Details of the washed coal and reject

coal generation are given in Para 2.6.

1.5.2 Structure of EIA/EMP Report

The draft EIA/EMP report is prepared in line with the generic structure as per EIA

Notification 2006. The draft EIA/EMP report consists of the following chapters:

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Project Description

Chapter 3: Description of Environment

Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternatives

Chapter 6: Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan




Chapter 7: Additional Studies

Chapter 8: Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis

Chapter 9: Project Benefits

Chapter 10: Environmental Management Plan

Chapter 11: Summary & Conclusion

Chapter 12: Disclosure of Consultants Engaged

Apart from the above, Executive summary in English and Marathi language are

prepared and submitted for Public Consultation Process.


CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION



2.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Looking to the demand of washed coal, company decided to set up a 1.5 MTPA coal

washery. For establishing the coal washery, company has selected own land adjacent to

the existing railway siding of the company at Village- Tadali, Tehsil & District -

Chandrapur, Maharashtra. An area of 7.50 Ha has been earmarked for the coal washery

project. Cost of the proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal Washery is estimated as approx. Rs. 22.0

Crore.





dated 28.04.2019.




Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. in Village- Tadali, Tehsil & District - Chandrapur,

Maharashtra. Google Map showing other industries in the 10 km radius study area is

given in Figure 2.1, whereas the plant site photographs are presented in Plate 2.1.

Accessibility:

Nearest Village: Sakharwai, 1.5 Km NNW

Tadali: 2.8 km NE

Nearest Town: Chandrapur, 14 Km E

Nearest Highway Chandrapur – Nagpur State Highway (SH 264) : 1.7

KM NE

Nearest Railway Station: Tadali Railway Station: 2.2 Km, NE



Nearest Airport Morwa Airstrip: 5.4 km E





FIGURE 2.1: MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF OTHER INDUSTRIES IN THE STUDY AREA




PLATE 2.1: PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE PROJECT SITE




2.2.2 Size of the Project

The details of proposed coal washery, resources availability and land use are presented

in Table-2.1 & Table 2.2.

TABLE-2.1: TECHNICAL DETAILS OF PROPOSED WASHERY

Sr. No. Features Details

1 Proposed Capacity 1.5 MTPA (Wet process)

2 Area 7.5 Ha

3 Air Pollution Control

System

Water Sprinklers, Bag filters, Green belt, covered

transportation, etc.

4 Source of Raw Coal From WCL Coal Mines in Wani & Chandrapur

Area

2.2.3 Land Description

TABLE 2.2: LAND USE

Sr. No. Particulars Description

1. Land allocated 7.5 Ha

2. Ownership Private land owned by M/s Vimla Infrastructure

(India) Pvt. Ltd.

3. Type of landuse Industrial use i.e. Existing railway siding

4. Proposed Landuse Industrial use i.e. coal washery

2.3 PLANT LAYOUT

Proposed coal washery will be established adjacent to the existing railway siding of the

company in 7.5 Ha area. The layout plan showing proposed coal washery is given in

Figure 2.2. The proposed landuse break-up of the plant area is given in Table 2.3.




FIGURE 2.2: PLANT LAYOUT SHOWING PROPOSED FACILITIES




TABLE 2.3: LAND BREAK-UP OF COAL WASHERY AREA

Sr. No. Particulars Area (Ha) %

1 Washery plant 2.25 30.002 Coal Storage yard 0.7 9.333 Reject storage yard 0.35 4.674 Greenbelt & Plantation area 2.6 34.675 Water reservoir & Rainwater harvesting area 1.2 16.006 Office building and rest shelters 0.4 5.33

Total 7.50 100.0

2.4 PROCESS DESCRIPTION FOR COAL WASHERY

The proposed washery will process about 1.50 MTPA raw coal and produce about 1.059

MTPA clean Coal at an average yield of 70.6%. The washery will operate for effective

6000 hours annually. The hourly average capacity of the plant will be approximately

250 TPH (average). The proposed washery will consist of the following sections:

1. Raw coal section

2. Washing Section (HM cyclone house)

3. Fine coal treatment section

4. Clean coal section.

5. Rejects section

6. Dust suppression/Dust extraction system

7. Auxiliary buildings

1 Raw Coal Section:

A 250 TPH capacity unit will be constructed and 20% extra over the average capacity

will be provided to meet seasonal variations in the production of open cast coal mines.

One ground hopper will be provided to receive raw coal from tipping trucks. Vibratory

feeder (300TPH capacity) will be provided below each hopper to reclaim coal from the

hopper and load on to the associated belt conveyor (RC-1) (300TPH capacity). Rod gate

will be provided between hopper opening and vibratory feeder to arrest flow of coal at

the time of maintenance of vibratory feeder. The conveyor will elevate coal and

discharge the same on the associated double deck primary screen (300 TPH capacity).

At the discharge end of the conveyor, an electromagnetic separator will be provided for

removal of ferrous material. The primary screen separates coal into fines (0-10mm),

sized coal (-60 + 10 mm) and oversize coal (+60-250 mm) fractions. The sized coal i.e. -

60 + 10 mm fraction will be collected on a belt conveyor (RC-2) from below the primary

screen and oversize coal i.e. +60-250 mm fraction from the primary screens will be

discharged on a belt conveyor (OSC-1). The +60 -250 mm coal will then be fed to a

1200mm wide picking conveyer for picking/removing the shales/ stones which will be




disposed off for land filling. The +60 -250 mm oversize coal from the picking conveyor,

after removal of stones, will then be fed to a double roll crusher to reduce the size down

to (-)50mm. The crusher will be of 250TPH capacity and suitable to crush (-) 250mm

lumps to (-) 50mm size with small % of over size. The crushed coal from the crusher

and the (-60 + 10 mm) sized coal from primary screen will be collected on a 1200 mm

wide belt conveyor which will elevate and discharge in an overhead surge bunker. Coal

from the surge bunker will be reclaimed with the help of vibratory feeder and

discharged on a 1200 mm belt conveyor for elevating and discharging in the wet box

provided in HM cyclone house.

2 Washing section:

HM Section: In this circuit (+) 10 mm to (-) 50 mm fraction will be treated to improve

the quality. The circuit consists of the following:

De- Sliming section:

The raw coal conveyor from the surge bunker will discharge coal in a wet box. From the

wet box the pulp will flow down on to a de-sliming screen of 250TPH capacity. Water is

sprayed over the de-sliming screen with the help of spray nozzles to remove slimes of

0.5 mm size. The over flow from de-sliming screen will be carried to correct media tank

and under flow of de-sliming screen will be carried to fine coal tank/ classifying cyclone

sump.

Correct Media tank & HM Cyclones:

One number HM cyclone sump of suitable capacity with center tube lined with suitable

liners will be provided to receive over flow from the de-sliming screen. The pulp

consisting of coal, water and magnetite of required density will be pumped to two

numbers of HM cyclones each of 1000mm dia. through independent pumps at required

pressure to separate the pulp into two fractions namely clean coal and rejects. The

density of the slurry will be changed as per requirement to achieve optimum yield as

per the quality parameters of raw coal.

The over flow i.e. clean coal will be discharged on D&R screen (single deck screen). The

purpose of the D&R screen will be to drain the media and rinse off any adhered media

by spraying clarified water. For this purpose the initial portion of the screen will be

used for draining heavy media and on the second portion water will be sprayed to rinse

the magnetic particles. The over flow from D&R screen will be fed to a belt press to

remove excess water. Coal from belt press will be discharged on clean coal conveyor

and the slurry/ pulp will be taken to fine coal tank. Two catch pans will be provided

below the D&R screen for collecting dense media in the first one and rinsed media/

dilute media in second pan. The heavy media will be taken a splitter box from where it

will normally be taken to correct media tank with an option for transferring to dilute

media tank. The rinsed media / dilute media will be taken to dilute media tank.




The under flow (rejects) of heavy media cyclone will be taken to a horizontal refusescreen through a fixed sieve bend. The purpose of the sieve bend and screen will be todrain the media and rinse off any adhered media by spraying clarified water. For thispurpose the initial portion of the screen will be used for draining heavy media and onthe second portion water will be sprayed to rinse the magnetic particles. After drainingand rinsing the fraction retained over the screen will be discharged on rejects conveyor.Two catch pans will be provided below the D&R screen for collecting dense media in thefirst one and rinsed media/ dilute media in second pan. The dense media from belowthe sieve bend and first catch pan of D&R screen will be taken to splitter box. The heavymedia will be taken a splitter box from where it will normally be taken to correct mediatank with an option for transferring to dilute media tank. The overflow from the D&Rscreen will be transported to overhead hopper for storage and then loading into trucksfor further transportation.

Magnetite will be charged into the dilute media tank with the help of magnetite chargingpump to improve the pulp density. From the dilute media tank, the rinsed media will bepumped to a feed box for distributing to wet drum magnetic separator (LIMS). Magneticseparator will recover the magnetite and transfer it to over dense media tank. Overdense media tank pumps (one working and other stand by) will transfer to a splitter boxprovided over correct media tank. From the splitter box, media will be transferred tocorrect media tank through density adjustment tank with a provision to transfer theover flow back to over dense media tank. The over flow from the wet drum magneticseparator will be carried to wet box for spraying.

Density gauge will be fitted before the density adjustment tank for controlling theaddition of media in dilute media tank. Level monitoring and transmitting units will beprovided to control the level in the heavy media sump. Pressure gauges and pressuretransmitting units will be provided in the HM circuit to maintain the correct dischargepressure to the HM cyclones.

Fine coal circuit:

In this section 0.5 mm fraction will treated and recovered from the pulp. Slurry/pulpfrom the fine coal tank will be pumped to a set of raw coal classifying cyclones. The overflow from the classifying cyclones will be carried to a high rate thickener (25 m dia.).The under flow from the classifying cyclones will be carried to a high frequency screen.The particles retained over the high frequency screen will be discharged on clean coalconveyor or reject conveyor as per quality parameters and the under flow from the highfrequency screen will be taken to a high rate thickener.

Slurry/ pulp from below the high rate thickener will be pumped to a mixing tank whereflocculent will be added to agglomerate the fine particles for efficient liquid and solidseparation on the belt press. The mixture will then be fed to a parallel drum belt press.In the belt press the material will be pressed to squeeze the water. After wards the cakewill be taken to clean coal belt conveyor and the slurry will be taken back to thickener.The thickener will receive coal slurry from belt press, classifying cyclone over flow,under flow of high frequency screen through pipes. Flocculent will be added to theslurry in the thickener for fast settlement of the solid particles. Launder will be




provided along the internal periphery of the thickener for collection of clarified waterand then sending to clarified water tank. Provision will also be made for draining theslurry from the thickener to slime pond in case emergency.

Clean coal section:Coal from belt press of HM circuit, over flow from the high frequency screen and cakefrom belt press of fine coal circuit will be stored in overhead hoppers. Trucks will beloaded below these hoppers for transporting to the siding to dispatch by rail wagons todistant consumers.

Reject section:Over flow from the rejects D&R screen of HM section will be stored in overheadhoppers. Trucks will be loaded below the hoppers for transporting the same to userindustries located in the vicinity or to the railway siding for transportation by rail.

Fine coal (<10 mm size):Fine coal without beneficiating will be stored in the overhead hoppers. Trucks will beloaded below the hoppers for transporting to railway siding for loading along with thewashed coal fractions as per requirement.

Wagon Loading section:Private railway siding of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. is located adjacent tothe proposed coal washery site. Existing in motion type electronic weigh bridge at therailway siding will be used to weigh loaded wagons for preparing RRs.

Auxiliary Services:The following auxiliary services will be provided in the washery:

a) Dust suppression system with spray nozzles etc. at truck receiving station,

Discharge end of raw coal conveyors

b) Dust extraction system will be provided at double roll crusher. The system

will consist of hoods, ducts, blower, stack etc.

c) Compressed air system for purging, valve operation, cleaning

d) Firefighting system consisting of fire hydrants, Fire extinguishers, fire pumps,

water tank, Fire alarm system etc.

e) Slime pond equipped with over flow pump

f) Fresh water, drinking water supply system, high pressure purging system,

floor cleaning

g) Rest shelters, toilets, urinals, truck parking, two wheelar parking, etc.

Dust control arrangements:Water spraying arrangement with the help of fog spray nozzles will be provided nearthe truck receiving arrangement, near discharge pulley of washery feeding conveyorsand other transfer points to suppress the dust. Dust extraction system will be providedat the crusher house for control of dust generated at this place. No arrangement will beprovided in washing section as there will not be any production of dust due to wet coal.




Rain guns will be provided near coal stock yard. Enclosures will be provided to all theconveyor belts and hoppers. Periodic water sprinkling by tanker will be carried out oninternal roads. Thick green belt plantation will be carried out along the boundary of coalwashery to arrest dust.

Utilities: The following utilities will be providedi. Coal sampling preparation room

ii. Charge Stores

iii. Rest shelter

iv. Car and cycle shed

v. MCC cum control room for washery

vi. Generator room

vii. Fresh water reservoir with pumps

viii. Reservoir for firefighting along with pump house.

ix. Road weigh bridges along with control room.

x. Security and time office

The Process flow sheet for the proposed coal washery project is given in Figure 2.3.




FIGURE 2.3: PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR PROPOSED 1.5 MTPA COAL WASHERY




2.5 RAW COAL REQUIREMENT, SOURCE & MODE OF TRANSPORT

Run of mines [ROM] coal will be the only raw material requirement for proposed

washery. Annual requirement of proposed washery is envisages to the tune of

1,500,000 TPA.

Mode of Transport for Raw materials and finished products:

The coal will be sourced from nearby coal mines of Western Coalfield Limited (WCL),

located in Chandrapur & Wani area.

Since the washery site is located close to the WCL mines in Chandrapur and there is

existing railway siding adjacent to the proposed plant site, raw coal will be transported

to the plant mostly by rail. In case of non-availability of rail facility at the mine site, coal

will be transported by road in covered trucks.

Washed Coal and rejects will be supplied to nearby Power plants. The mode of transport

of washed coal will be by rail. Only in case of absence of railway facility at user industry,

road transport will be used. Adjacent railway siding of the company will be used for coal

transport.

2.6 COAL ANALYSIS & MATERIAL BALANCE

Raw coal will be obtained from WCL coal mines located in Chandrapur & Wani area. The

characteristics and quantum of raw coal, washed coal and coal washery rejects are given

in Table 2.4.

TABLE 2.4: CHARACTERISTICS & QUANTUM OF ROM COAL, WASHED COAL & COAL

WASHERY REJECTS

Sr. No. Properties Raw Coal Washed Coal Rejects

1 Ash % 40 30 64.01

2 Moisture % 1 4.8 8.9

3 Sulphur % 0.4-0.5 0.3-0.4 0.4-0.6

4 GCV (Kcal/Kg) 3800 - 4300 5089-5600 2200-2800

5 Yield % 100 70.6 29.4

6 Quantity (TPA) 1,500,000 1,059,000 441,000




The material balance flow chart for the proposed coal washery is given in Figure 2.4.

FIGURE 2.4: MATERIAL BALANCE FLOW CHART

2.7 SOLID WASTE GENERATION & MANAGEMENT

2.7.1 Washery Reject Coal

In the proposed coal washery, it is proposed to process 1.5 MTPA raw coal in the. About

30% of raw coal i.e. 0.441 MTPA washery reject coal will be generated from the

proposed coal washery. Rejects generated during coal washing process can be used for

power generation in CFBC technology based power plants. Coal Washery rejects will be

given to Power plants operating on CFBC technology in the vicinity of the proposed

washery. The reject coal will be transported by means of rail / road based on the

facilities available at the user industries. The reject coal will be transported by covered

trucks in case of road transport.

2.7.2 Municipal Solid Waste

Negligible municipal wastes will be generated, which after composting, will be used as

manure. Non-biodegradable waste will be sold to authorised recycling vendors. There

will be no domestic wastes as residential buildings are not constructed in the washery

premises.

2.7.3 Hazardous Waste

Spent oil & grease, damaged parts of machinery and equipment, empty drums of

lubricant and oils, etc. will be generated during the washery operation. These waste

material will be separately stored in a separate shed allocated for this purpose. The

shed will have concrete floor to avoid spillage seeping to ground. These materials will

be sold to authorised recycling vendors.

Raw Coal (1.5 MTPA)Source: WCL Coal Mines in Chandrapur & Wani Area

Washed Coal (1.059 MTPA)To TPP/Steel/Sponge Iron

Plants

Reject Coal (0.441 MTPA)To CFBC Power Plants/Cement

plants




2.8 WATER REQUIREMENT & SOURCE

2.8.1 Water Requirement & Source

The total daily make-up water required for the proposed plant will be 386 KLD which

will be met from ground water. Rainwater harvesting will be carried out in the coal

washery plant and the harvested rainwater will be used in coal washing process to the

extent possible. Necessary permission for drawl of ground water will be obtained from

CGWB. There is no alternate source of water available at the project site. The water

balance for proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery is given in Table 2.5. The Water balance

diagram is given in Figure 2.5.

TABLE 2.5: WATER BALANCE FOR PROPOSED 1.5 MTPA COAL WASHERY(UNIT: KLD)

PurposeDaily waterrequirement

EffluentGeneration Losses

Make upwater

requirement

Remarks

Coalwashing

6750 6412.5 338 338Recycled inprocess

Dustsuppression

30 0 30 30--

Plantation 15 0 15 15 --

Domesticuse

3 2.50 3 3

Treated inpackage type STP& treated effluentreused for dustsuppression.

Total 6798 6415.0 386 386

FIGURE 2.5: WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM FOR PROPOSED COAL WASHERY

Make up water : 386 KLDSource: Ground water

Coal washing6750 KLD

Dust Suppression30 KLD

Plantation15 KLD

Domestic Use3 KLD

Package TypeSTP

Treated water from Thickeners6412 KLD

Thickeners

3 KLD15 KLD30 KLD338 KLD

6412 KLD

Evaporation Losses

2.5 KLD

6412 KLD




2.8.2 Water Storage

Water reservoir will be constructed within plant premises for storage of at least 3 days

daily make up water requirement. Separate water tank will be provided for provision of

fire fighting along with pumping arrangement. Treated drinking water will be stored in

separate tanks.

2.8.3 Wastewater treatment & Discharge

Total daily water requirement in the proposed coal washery is about 6798 KLD. Out of

this, about 6412.5 KLD water will be collected as process effluent and will be treated in

thickeners. The treated effluent will be reused in the coal washing process. Remaining

386 KLD water will be lost as coal moisture, evaporation losses and process losses.

The plant will operate on 'Zero Discharge Principle'. There will not be any effluent

discharge from the coal washery plant. All the process effluent generated in the plant

will be treated in thickeners and will be reused in the coal washing process. Domestic

effluent from plant premises will be treated in package type STP & treated effluent will

be reused for dust suppression.

In view of conservation of water, rainwater harvesting will be carried out in the plant.

Surface run-off from the plant area will be collected in a settling tank through a network

of drains and the water will be used in the process, thereby reducing the drawal of

ground water. Rainwater from roof tops will be collected in a rainwater harvesting tank

and will be allowed to percolate to ground through a scientifically designed rainwater

harvesting system.

2.9 ELECTRICAL POWER REQUIREMENT & SOURCE

Power requirement will be 2.5 MW will be met by Maharashtra State Electricity

Distribution Company Limited (MAHADISCOM). Diesel generators of 1000 KVA will be

provided at the project site for use in case of grid power failure.

2.10 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT

There is direct and indirect employment opportunity by virtue of establishment of the

proposed coal washery. Local areas will be benefitted by way of generation of

employment opportunities, increased demand for local products and services. Most of

the manpower requirement of unskilled and semiskilled will be met from local source

and peripheral villages so that there will be overall improvement in the income level of

the local people.




Approximately 50 persons will be required during construction period of the coal

washery project. Total man power requirement during operation in the plant will be

about 45 nos. With the development of the project, there will be lot of scope for

ancillary development in the region which in turn leads to indirect employment. There

will be some improvement in educational, medical, transportation, aesthetic

environment and business generation which leads to overall improvement of socio-

economic status of people in the area due to implementation of the project.

2.11 SITE INFRASTRUCTURE

The coal washery is proposed in Tadali Village, Tehsil & District Chandrapur,

Maharashtra. The proposed site is located adjacent to existing MIDC Tadali area.

Site facilities: For efficient plant operation, infrastructure facilities like office, store,

rest area, drinking water facilities, urinals, latrines, canteen, first aid centre, etc will be

made available within the plant premises. Internal black topped (tar) roads will be

developed. An ambulance facility will be kept ready to attend any medical emergency

occurred during construction and plant operation phase.

A small workshop for routine maintenance will be provided within the washery

premises. Effluent from the workshop will be treated in oil and grease trap and treated

effluent will be used for dust suppression.

Parking facility for trucks involved in transportation of coal will be provided at the

washery site.

Residential area: No residential facilities are proposed within the plant premises.

Connectivity:

The project is well connected by all-weather road to the district head quarter

Chandrapur which is at about 14.0 km by road. The nearest railway station is Tadali

situated at a distance of 2.2km. Other main Railway station is Chandrapur, located at

about 17 km. The nearest airport is at Nagpur, which is about 150 km by road.

2.12 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

Fire hydrant system covering all the buildings of the proposed washery plant including

coal stockyard would be provided. A separate water tank of 200 KL capacity along with

pumping arrangement will be provided for firefighting purposes. In addition to the fire

hydrant system, the following fire protection systems will be proposed:




• Suitable types of portable fire extinguishers system for the protection of electrical

devices

• Automatic water sprinkling system for coal conveyors, coal stack yard, etc.;

• Automatic sprinklers systems for certain select areas

• Manual HVWS system; and

• Portable extinguishers and fire tenders as required

Communication System

An effective communication system by way of automatic dial type telephones and public

address system will be made available. All important telephone numbers will be

displayed at manager’s office, time office & security guard cabin.

2.13 SOURCES OF POLLUTION

The various types of pollution from the proposed washery are expected as shown

below:

• Air pollution;

• Water pollution;

• Solid waste;

• Noise pollution.

• Traffic Density &

• Socio-economic Environment

The major type of pollution from the washery is fugitive emissions. In addition,

wastewater and solid waste will also be generated. The impacts on various

environmental aspects due to the proposed coal washery, identified pollution sources

and proposed pollution control measures are summarized in Table 2.6.

TABLE 2.6: IDENTIFIED POLLUTION SOURCES & PROPOSED CONTROL MEASURES

Environmental

Aspects

Source/Activity Proposed Control Measures

Fugitive

Emissions

Coal handling,

Processing,

Storage, Coal

Loading and

Unloading area

• Water sprinkling during loading, unloading,

internal roads, etc.

• Fixed water sprinklers for coal stockyard

• Closed belt conveyors

• Provision of Bag filters at coal crusher

• Wet coal washing process

• Development of thick green belt around

plant premises

• Transport of coal through wagons/trucks

covered with tarpauline.




Environmental

Aspects


Noise Pollution Belt conveyor,

Screens, crusher,

etc.

• Periodic preventive maintenance of

equipment and machineries

• Provision of acoustic enclosures to

crushers, screens, DG sets, etc.

• Development of thick green belt and

plantation in and around plant premises

• Provision of ear muffs/plugs to workers

exposed to high noise generating areas.

• Job rotation of workers exposed to high

noise generating operations.

Wastewater

Source

Process (wet

washing)

• Utilization of thickeners & belt press

technology to recover maximum water from

the washed coal and rejects.

• Collection of process effluent in thickener

and recycle in the process

• Treatment of domestic effluent in Package

type STP and recycle treated water for dust

suppression & Plantation

• Treatment of wash water from workshop in

Oil & Grease trap.

• Ensuring 'Zero Effluent Discharge' in the

plant.

Solid &

Hazardous

Waste

Washery Rejects,

spent oil & grease

from maintenance

work

• Washery rejects will be dispatched to CFBC

power plants.

• Biodegradable solid wastes from canteen

and office will be used for composting.

• Spent oil & grease will be collected & stored

in separate leak proof bins and will be sold

to authorized recycling vendors.

Traffic Density Raw coal transport,

washed coal & coal

reject transport,

manpower

transport

• Raw coal, washed coal and washery rejects

will be transported by railway wagons.

• Railway siding of the company is located

adjacent to the proposed washery site.

• In case of non-availability of railway

facilities at user industry or in case of non

availability of railway wagons, road

transport through covered trucks will be




Environmental

Aspects


done.

• Most of the manpower will be from nearby

villages.

Socio-economic

Environment

Additional load on

infrastructural

facilities

• Washery site is located near existing MIDC

Tadali area.

• Local people will get benefit due to direct

and indirect employment opportunities.

• M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Ltd. will

carry out CSR activities in the nearby

villages.

• Overall quality of life of people in the

nearby villages will be improved.


CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT



3.1 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

The EIA report for the project has to describe the existing environmental conditions

surrounding the proposed coal washery area. The baseline environmental monitoring

was carried out by NABL accredited laboratory during Summer Season 2019 (March -

May 2019) as recommended by the Ministry of Environment and Forest in the Standard

TOR issued for the project.

The baseline Environment study for the proposed project was carried out in an area of

10 km radius all along the boundary of the project area. The proposed coal washery

area was considered as ‘Core Zone’ and the area within 10 km radius from the project

boundary was considered as ‘Buffer Zone’. The core zone and buffer zone together forms

the study area for the project.

TABLE 3.1: SALIENT FEATURES OF BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Parameter Study Inference

Micrometeorological

Studies

Wind Profile, Temperature,

Relative humidity, Rainfall, etc.

To assess the potential targets

of pollution from the activity

Ambient Air Quality

studies

Particulate Matter (PM10)

Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

To assess baseline air quality

status of the area

Ambient Noise Level

studies

Noise Levels To identify present noise levels

and major noise generating

sources

Water Quality, Soil

Quality Studies and

land use pattern

Physical, Chemical, and Heavy

Metals & Land Use Studies

To identify baseline water

quality, Soil quality for future

reference and land use pattern

in the area

Biological

Environment

Study of flora & fauna, ecological

sensitive areas

To identify the existing flora &

fauna for the possible impacts

on them due to proposed coal

washery and coal

transportation.

Socio-economic &

Demographic

studies

Socio-economic aspects To know the socio-economic

status of the study area.




3.1.1 Methodology

Appropriate methodologies are followed in preparing the EIA-EMP report. The

methodology adopted for the study is outlined below:

• Conducting reconnaissance of the study area;

• Selecting sampling locations for conducting various environment baseline

studies;

The sampling locations were selected on the basis of the following:

• Predominant wind directions recorded by the Indian Meteorological Department

(IMD) Chandrapur observatory;

• Location of villages/towns/ sensitive areas, and;

• Areas, which represent baseline conditions;

• Existing topography;

• Drainage pattern and location of existing surface water bodies like lakes/ponds,

rivers and streams;

3.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT

3.2.1 Meteorology

Historical data on meteorological parameters plays an important role in identifying the

general meteorological regime of the region. The data also helps in identifying

predominant wind directions, rainfall pattern, etc. and this plays a critical role in

selection of environmental monitoring locations during the study period.

The year may broadly be divided into four seasons viz., Pre-Monsoon (Summer) from

March to May, Monsoon from June to September, Post Monsoon from October to

November and Winter from December to February.

Meteorological data Sources

Secondary information for the last 30 years (1971-2000) on meteorological conditions

was collected from the nearest IMD station at Chandrapur. Pressure, temperature,

relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed and direction are measured twice a day viz., at

0830 and 1730 hr. The climatologically data of IMD Chandrapur is presented in Table

3.2.

TABLE 3.2: PAST CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA FOR IMD, CHANDRAPUR

Month Temperature (°C) Relative Humidity (%) Rainfall (mm)

Min Max 8:30 hrs. 17:30 hrs. Mean

January 14.5 30.3 71 40 12.7

February 16.9 33.1 60 32 16.4

March 21.0 37.7 46 23 12.6




Month Temperature (°C) Relative Humidity (%) Rainfall (mm)

Min Max 8:30 hrs. 17:30 hrs. Mean

April 25.4 41.5 39 20 14.7

May 28.2 43.0 39 21 16.8

June 26.7 37.8 65 48 181.2

July 24.4 32.0 81 70 361.9

August 24.0 30.8 84 74 356.9

September 23.8 32.4 81 68 178.3

October 21.4 32.9 76 59 77.6

November 16.9 31.0 73 51 13.9

December 13.2 29.6 72 45 6.5

Range 13.2 – 43.0 20 - 84 1249.4

Source: Climatological Normals IMD, Chandrapur. (1971-2000)

Analysis of IMD Data Chandrapur

The Indian Meteorological Department records the data at two times a day viz. 0830 hr

and 1730 hr, while the site-specific data was recorded at an hourly interval. Comparison

of the site specific data generated during the study period vis-à-vis the data monitored

by IMD shows that by and large these are comparable.

Temperature

The winter season starts from December and continues till the end of February. The

average maximum temperature recorded 33.1°C in the month of February and average

minimum temperature recorded 13.2°C in the month of December. Both the day and

night temperatures increase rapidly during the onset of summer season from March to

May. During summer season, the average maximum temperature was observed 43.0°C

in the month of May with the minimum temperature 21°C in the month of March.

Relative Humidity

The average monthly minimum and maximum relative humidity was observed around

20% to 46% during summer period. In the monsoon period the relative humidity

ranged between 48% - 84%. During the post-monsoon season, the mean humidity was

observed between 51% -76% and during winter season, the mean humidity was

observed between 32% - 72%.

Rainfall

The average annual rainfall based on the IMD data was 1249.4 mm. The monsoon

generally sets in during the first week of June. The rainfall gradually decreases after

September. The maximum numbers of rainy days were observed in the month of July

with average monthly rainfall of 361.9 mm, followed by August month with average

rainfall of 356.9 mm.




Analysis of Meteorological Data Recorded at the Project Site

On-site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological parameters as per BIS

and IMD guidelines to generate the site-specific data. The generated data was then

compared with the meteorological data obtained from IMD Chandrapur.

The automatic meteorological data recording instrument was installed at the project

site to record wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity and temperature. Rainfall

was monitored by rain gauge.

Hourly average, maximum, and minimum values of wind speed, direction, relative

humidity, rainfall, and temperature were recorded continuously at this station for

summer season i.e. during March to May 2019. The meteorological data recorded at the

project site is summarised in Table 3.3 and the summary of wind pattern during the

monitoring period is given in Table 3.4 whereas the wind rose diagram for the study

period is presented in Figure 3.1.

TABLE - 3.3: SUMMARY OF THE METEOROLOGICAL DATA GENERATED AT SITE

Period Temperature (°C) Relative Humidity (%)

Min Max Min. Max

March 2019 19.2 35.4 28.0 52.0

April 2019 24.7 42.2 18.0 45.0

May 2019 25.9 46.5 16.0 38.0

TABLE 3.4: WIND DIRECTION AND WIND SPEED

Predominant Wind Direction Frequency %

SE 13.6

Frequency of calm winds: 10.73 %

Average wind speed: 2.28 m/s




FIGURE 3.1: SITE SPECIFIC WINDROSE (Summer 2019)

3.2.2 Baseline Ambient Air Quality

The status of ambient air quality within the study area was monitored for summer

season during March - May 2019 at 8 locations including the proposed coal washery

area and in nearby villages. The details of monitoring locations are given in Table 3.5

and the locations are shown in Study area map in Figure 3.2. The regional

climatologically data (Source: IMD Chandrapur), was used as a guideline to know the

predominant wind direction during study period. The locations were identified keeping

in view predominant wind directions prevailing during study period, sensitive

receptors, human settlements and industrial activities in the study area.




TABLE 3.5: DETAILS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS

Sr. No. Station

Code

Locations Distance (Km)

& Direction

Direction w.r.t.

windrose

1 A1 Project site - Core zone

2 A2 Chichala village 5.5km - SE UW

3 A3 Goraja village 4.0 km - NW DW

4 A4 Sonegaon village 3.5 km - S CW

5 A5 Tadali village 3.0 km - NE CW

6 A6 Marodia village 8.0 km - N CW

7 A7 Ghuggus village 8.0 km - SSW CW

8 A8 Sakharwahi village 2.0 km - NW DW

UW: Upwind, DW: Downwind, CW: Cross-wind

The levels of Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10), Fine Particulates (PM2.5), Sulphur

Dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) were monitored for establishing the

baseline status. PM10 were sampled with the help of Respirable Dust Samplers on filter

papers and SO2 & NOx were absorbed in the respective absorption media in the

Impingers attached to RD samplers and analysed spectro-photometrically. PM2.5 was

monitored with the help of Fine Particulate Samplers. The minimum, maximum, average

and 98th percentile values have been computed from the observed raw data for all the

AAQ monitoring stations and the results are summarized in Table 3.6 and the detailed

results are given in Annexure II.




79°15'79°10'

5'

5'

200

79°10'

5'

Sakharwahi

Tadali

Goraja

Dhonad

Pimpri ChargaonChota Nagpur

NunharaGhot Nimbhala

ChalbardiNimbalaMarodia

Chiprdia

CENTRAL RAILWAY Main Line

CENTRAL RAILWAY

Lomirs

KudraraChiradevi

Uknikochi

Kan

tiya

Nal

a

CENTRAL RAILWAY Main

Line

Tirwanja

Tirwanja

Khairgaon

Lahan

AmbhoraVichoda

Neri

Mot

agha

t N

Open scrub

3r

2r

7r

Vichoda

Chak

Erai R

Sarai N

ala

WARDHA

R Padoli

YashwantNagar

Wadgaon

Datala

Devala

Vendali

PipriDhanoraUsgaon

Ghugus

Belora

Niljai BelsaniMursa

Yerur

Sonegaon

ShengaonMahtardevi

Chandur Nagala

Chichala

Wandhari

Ghugusbhata

SidurMahakurla

Pandharkawada

BHANDAK R F

Awandha

Kacharala

Saiwan

Ghodpeth

Khutala

Morwa

Kosara

79°05'

Bhadrawati

Dhorwasa

Pimpalgaon

Tara

PROJECT SITESITE

Tadali, Gram: Sakharwhai,Dist-Chandrapur

PREPARED BY-POLLUTION AND ECOLOGY CONTROL SERVICES

AIR MONITORING LOCATIONS

VIMLA INFRASTRUCTURE (INDIA) PVT. LTD.

19°55'

20°00'

20°05'

TOPOSHEET NO.55 P/4,56 M/1,55 P/8,56 M/5

20°00'

20°05'

19°55'

N

STREAMS

RIVER / NALA

POND

ROAD

HABITATION

GRID

PROJECT SITE

INDEX

RAILWAY LINE

SCALE 1: 50,000

79°15'79°10'79°05'

A-1

A-2

A-3

A-4

A-5

A-6

A-7

A-8

AIR MONITORING STATION

FIGURE 3.2: STUDY AREA MAP SHOWING AIR MONITORING LOCATIONS




TABLE 3.6: SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS

Station

code

Location Description PM10,

(μg/m3)

PM2.5,

(μg/m3)

SO2

(μg/m3)

NOx

(μg/m3)

A1 Project Site

Minimum 44.3 25.4 11.2 17.6Maximum 65.2 32.2 23.2 38.3Average 53.4 28.2 17.1 28.898th %tile 64.4 32.0 22.8 37.3

A2Chichala

village

Minimum 41.3 22.6 8.9 17.0Maximum 56.4 33.6 22.3 32.7Average 46.4 25.0 11.9 21.0

98th %tile 53.6 30.9 18.4 32.5

A 3Goraja

village


A 4Sonegaon

village


A5Tadali

village


A6Marodia

village


A7Ghuggus

village


A8Sakharwahi

village


NAAQ Standard 100 (24 hrs) 60 (24 hrs) 80 (24 hrs) 80 (24 hrs)




Observations of Primary Data:

PM10 concentration in the study area varied from 39.9 to 65.2 μg/m3, whereas

concentration of PM2.5 in the study area varied from 20.5 to 35.8 μg/m3 during the study

period. SO2 concentration in the study area varied from 8.9 to 23.2 μg/m3 and NOx

concentration in the study area varied from 14.6 to 38.3 μg/m3 during the study period.

From the above results, it is observed that the ambient air quality with respect to PM10,

PM2.5, SO2 and NOx at all the monitoring locations was within the permissible limits as

specified in National Ambient Air Quality Standards.

3.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

3.3.1 Ambient Noise Levels

Ambient noise level monitoring was carried out at the 8 monitoring locations. One

location was selected within the project site and remaining 7 locations were selected

within the surrounding villages located within 5 km radius from the proposed project

site. The details of noise monitoring locations are given in Table 3.7 and are shown in

Figure 3.3. The noise level monitoring results are given in Table 3.8. Detailed noise

level monitoring results are given in Annexure III.

TABLE 3.7: NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS IN THE STUDY AREA

Sr. No. Station

Code

Locations Distance (Km)

& Direction

Direction w.r.t.

windrose

1 N1 Project site - Core zone

2 N 2 Tadali village 3.0 km - NE CW

3 N 3 Sakharwahi village 2.0 km - NW DW

4 N 4 Chargaon village 5.0 km - NE CW

5 N 5 Morwa village 3.5 km - E CW

6 N 6 Yerur village 2.0 km - SE UW

7 N 7 Mursa village 3.0 km - SW CW

8 N 8 Sonegaon village 3.5 km - S UW




N-1

N-2

N-3

N-4

N-5

N-6N-7

N-8NOISE MONITORING STATION

Bhadrawati

Dhorwasa

Pimpalgaon

Tara

PROJECT SITESITE



NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS


19°55'

20°00'

20°05'


20°00'

20°05'

19°55'

N

STREAMS

RIVER / NALA

POND

ROAD

HABITATION

GRID

PROJECT SITE

INDEX

RAILWAY LINE

SCALE 1: 50,000

79°15'79°10'79°05'

Sakharwahi

Tadali

Goraja

Dhonad




Chiprdia


CENTRAL RAILWAY

Lomirs

KudraraChiradevi

Uknikochi

Kan

tiya

Nal

a


Line

Tirwanja

Tirwanja

Khairgaon

Lahan

AmbhoraVichoda

Neri

Mot

agha

t N

Open scrub

3r

2r

7r

Vichoda

Chak

Erai R

Sarai N

ala

WARDHA

R Padoli

YashwantNagar

Wadgaon

Datala

Devala

Vendali

PipriDhanoraUsgaon

Ghugus

Belora

Niljai BelsaniMursa

Yerur

Sonegaon

ShengaonMahtardevi

Chandur Nagala

Chichala

Wandhari

Ghugusbhata

SidurMahakurla

Pandharkawada

BHANDAK R F

Awandha

Kacharala

Saiwan

Ghodpeth

Khutala

Morwa

Kosara

79°05' 79°15'79°10'

5'

5'

200

79°10'

5'

FIGURE 3.3: STUDY AREA MAP SHOWING NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS




TABLE 3.8: SUMMARY OF AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL MONITORING RESULTS

StationCode

Location Range [LEQ IN dB(A)] Ld,dB(A)

Ln,dB(A)Minimum Maximum

N1 Project site 41.6 51.9 46.18 44.2

N 2 Tadali village 41.0 48.5 44.52 43.67

N 3 Sakharwahi village 41.2 48.7 44.72 43.87

N 4 Chargaon village 40.8 50.6 46.96 41.97

N 5 Morwa village 43.4 50.9 46.92 46.07

N 6 Yerur village 41.6 49.1 45.12 44.27

N 7 Mursa village 39.6 49.4 45.76 40.97

N 8 Sonegaon village 42.3 49.8 45.82 44.97

Observations:

From the above table, it is observed that the ambient noise levels at all the monitoring

locations were well within the permissible limits of 55dB(A) for day time and 45 dB(A)

for night time.

3.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT

3.4.1 Topography & Drainage Pattern





establishment of coal washery. MIDC Tadali industrial area is located adjacent to the

proposed coal washery site. Few industries are already operating in the vicinity of the

proposed project site. Opencast coal mines of WCL are also operating in southern part

of the study area.

The proposed project site is almost flat area with elevation ranging from 211 to 213 m

MSL.There is no habitation in or adjacent to the project site. Nearest village habitation

Sakharwahi village is located at 1.8 km NW of the project site. Chennai Delhi Railway

Line passes at a distance of 2.8 km NE from the project site. Chandrapur – Nagpur State

Highway (SH 264) passes at a distance of 2.5 km NE from the project site. There is no

perennial or seasonal surface water body in or adjacent to the proposed coal washery

area. The surface run-off during monsoon joins nearby seasonal streams. There is no

Reserved Forest, Protected Forest, National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary or Biosphere

reserve located within the 10 km radius study area of the project.

The study area around the project site is almost flat with elevation varying from 180 m

to 217 m MSL. The general slope of the area is towards south and east. There is no

hillock in the study area. Chandrapur city urban area begins at about 12 km from the




project site. Wardha river, Erai River and Sarai nala forms the major drainage of the

study area. Erai river (9.30 km E) flows from North to south and joins Wardha river(6.0

km W) at about 20 km SE of the project area. Tadali lake (4.0 km NE) is another major

surface water body in the study area. Sarai nala (3.5 km SW) and Kantiya Nala (8.7 km

NE) are seasonal surface water bodies in the study area. Apart from these, there are

some seasonal streams flowing in the study area. Also, there are a number of village

ponds in the study area of the project. The topography and drainage pattern of the study

area is shown in Figure 3.4.

3.4.2 Rainfall

The Chandrapur District receives low to medium rainfall. The rainfall is typically very

late, however very heavy when it starts, receiving mainly from the south-west monsoon

which usually sets in the third/ fourth week of June and spread over a period from mid-

June to mid-September with heaviest shower in the month of July and August. The

average rainfall in the District is around 1250 mm. The past five years monthly rainfall

data collected from IMD is presented in Table 3.9.

TABLE 3.9: MONTHLY RAINFALL DATA – CHANDRAPUR DISTRICT

YEAR 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

January 7.8 4 0 35.5 0.3

February 0 25.7 5.7 2.2 1.7

March 0 1.1 61.3 59.8 41.3

April 2.3 4.6 1.1 26.8 17.6

May 0 1.9 9.7 34.2 24.5

June 102.8 425.4 69.4 331.6 229.2

July 444.3 785.7 309 154.7 624.9

August 455.2 344.4 178.3 294 145.7

September 253.2 113.8 277 246.1 375.5

October 54.3 197.7 12 6.8 96.7

November 18.4 0 1 0 0

December 0 0 0 0 0

Total 1338.3 1904.3 924.5 1191.7 1557.4

Source: CRIS, Hydromet Division-IMD website

Most of the rainfall, about 80% of the annual value, occurs during monsoon months of

June to September. July is the rainiest month followed by August. In September,

depressions from Bay of Bengal occasionally reach Maharashtra and affect the weather

of Chandrapur District also. This phenomenon may cause heavy rains. With the

withdrawal of monsoon in September, the intensity of rainfall rapidly decreases. The

decrease continues till November, which is practically rainless month.




79°15'79°10'

PROJECT SITE

Yrur5'

5'

200

79°1

0'

5'

Sakharwahi

Tadali

Goraja

Dhonad




Chiprdia

CENTRAL RAILWAYMain Line

CENTRAL RAILWAY

Lomirs

KudraraChiradevi

Uknikochi

Kan

tiya

Nal

a


Line

Tirwanja

Tirwanja

Khairgaon

Lahan

AmbhoraVichoda

Neri

Mot

agha

t N

Open scrub

3r

2r

7r

Vichoda

Chak

Erai R

Sarai Nala

WARDHA

R Padoli

YashwantNagar

Wadgaon

Datala

Devala

Vendali

PipriDhanoraUsgaon

Ghugus

Belora

Niljai BelsaniMursa

Yerur

Sonegaon

ShengaonMahtardevi

Chandur Nagala

Chichala

Wandhari

Ghugusbhata

SidurMahakurla

Pandharkawada

BHANDAK R F

Awandha

Kacharala

Saiwan

Ghodpeth

Khutala

Morwa

Kosara

SITE

79°05'

Bhadrawati

Dhorwasa

Pimpalgaon

Tara



10 KM. STUDY AREA


19°55'

20°00'

20°05'


20°00'

20°05'

19°55'

N

STREAMS

RIVER / NALA

POND

ROAD

HABITATION

GRID

PROJECT SITE

INDEX

RAILWAY LINE

SCALE 1: 50,000

79°15'79°10'79°05'

FIGURE 3.4.: MAP SHOWING TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE OF STUDY AREA




3.4.3 Hydrogeology

The major water bearing formations in the district are Alluvium, Lower Gondwana

Sandstones, Deccan Trap Basalt, Vindhyan Limestone and Archean metamorphics.

Amongst these, the lower Gondwana Sandstones, particularly Kamthi Sandstone forms

the most potential aquifer. A map depicting the hydrogeological features is shown in

Figure-3.5.

FIGURE 3.5: HYDRO-GEOLOGICAL MAP OF CHANDRAPUR DISTRICT




Hard Rock Formations:

Archean Metamorphics: Archeans, which comprise granite and granitic gneiss, occur in

most of the eastern part of the district extending north-south from Nagbhid to

Gondpipri. These rocks are generally devoid of primary porosity, but weathering,

jointing, fracturing, shearing etc., create secondary porosity, within which the ground

water generally occurs in phreatic conditions. The depth of weathering ranges from 4 to

12 m bgl and dugwells are generally tapping this zone with yields of up to 30 m3/day.

Contrarary to the general perception, the possibility of deep seated fracture zone exists

in the area because of tectonic disturbances manifested in the form of dykes observed in

the area. Therefore borewells in the depth range of 40-70 m bgl are also successful in

this formation at suitable places with yield of 1000 to 35000 lph. High yielding dugwells

are generally located in fractured granites.

Vindhyan Limestone: In Vindhyans, Limestones are water bearing formation while

Sandstone due to their hard and compact nature, has poor ground water potential. The

Vindhyan sedimentares mainly occur in north central part of the district around Tadoba

and Nagbhid in parts of Chimur, Sindewahi, Bhadravati and Nagbhid talukas and in

south eastern part of the district in parts of Chandur and Rajura talukas. Limestones as

such are massive but wherever they are cavernous and fractured they are capable of

holding water and the ground water generally occurs under phreatic condition in these

formations and the discharge in general is poor (up to 15 m3/day). The borewells

drilled by State Govt. agencies in the depth range of 30 to 40 m bgl are successful only at

few places where discharge of 10000 lph or above has been observed.

Deccan Trap Basalt: Deccan Trap Basalt is observed in small area in the north eastern

and south eastern peripheral parts of the district and does not form a promising aquifer

in the district. Weathered, jointed and fractured Massive and Vesicular Basalt forms the

aquifer in the area. Ground water occurs in phreatic conditions within the depth of 10-

15 m, however, borewells drilled have shown presence of fracture zones and thus

forming deeper confined and semi-confined aquifers at places. The dugwells yield varies

from 15-30 m3/day when favourably located, whereas borewells yield 1 to 3 lps.

Soft Rock Formations

Gondwana Sandstone : Gondwana formation comprising of Kamthi and Barakar

Sandstone and Maleri and Talchir Shale occupy north-south extending elongated stretch

in cental and southern parts of the district in parts of Warora, Bhadravati, Chandrapur,

Ballarpur, Rajura and Gondpipri talukas. Sandstone is usually friable and possesses

primary porosity due to its granular nature. They are most productive water bearing

formations in the district. The ground water occurs under phreatic as well as confined

conditions in Kamthi Sandstone up to the depth of 80 to 120 m bgl with thickness




varying from 34 to 102 m. Barakar Sandstone occurs below Kamthi formation and three

granular zones are observed with cumulative thickness of about 72 m within a 300 m

thick sandstone-shale sequence. Comparatively Kamthi Sandstone has more ground

water potential with yields of up to 20 lps. The other Gondwana formations i.e., Maleri

Series (upper Gondwana) and Talchirs (lower Gondwana) have very poor ground water

potential and ground water occurs in phreatic condition.

Alluvium: Alluvium of fluvial origin occurs in narrow patches along the banks of

Wardha and Wainganga Rivers and consists of clay, silt with lenticular bodies of sand

and gravel. Ground water generally occurs under phreatic conditions down to the depth

of 10-15 m. The area in the north eastern part of the district near Brahmapuri along the

western bank of Wainganga River and having a spread of about 100 sq. km. forms the

most potential alluvial area. The Allluvium in this part is occurs down to 30-35 m and

the basement is reported to be formed by Granitic Gneisses. The dugwells yield up to 50

m3/day when favourably located, whereas shallow tubewells yield varies from 5 to 15

lps.

3.4.4 Site Specific Ground Water Table scenario

The project site is located in Chandrapur tehsil of Chandrapur District. The formation

exposed in site location comprises of sequence of Kamthi Barakar Sandstones and

Maleri – Talcher Shale which comes under Gondwana Formation. The elevation

observed at project site is about 211m to 213m. The depth to water level observed in

the area ranged from 10m to 20m bgl during Pre-monsoon and 5m to 10m bgl during

Post-monsoon season. Most of the wells have a falling trend in water level in the range

of 0 to 0.20 m (CGWB, Chandrapur Report, 2013).

The project area falls in Chandrapur Tehsil. The ground water development status of

Chandrapur Taluka is summarized in Table 3.10.

TABLE 3.10: STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF GROUND WATER IN CHANDRAPUR

TEHSIL

Assessment Unit / Block Belha

Net annual ground water availability 10070.46 Ham

Existing Gross ground water draft for irrigation 733.06 Ham

Existing Gross ground water draft for domestic and industrial Uses 431.34 Ham

Existing Gross ground water draft for all uses 1164.41 Ham

Allocation for domestic and industrial water supply for next 25 years 862.69 Ham

Net ground water availability for future irrigation development 8474.71 Ham

Stage of Ground water development 11.56%

Category Safe

Source: CGWB Report, 2013




The entire Chandrapur district falls in ‘Safe’ category of ground water development as

stage of ground water development is 14.61% , which is much less than specified limit

of 70%.

3.4.5 Water requirement & Source

Daily water requirement for the proposed coal washery project is estimated to be 386

m3/d. It is proposed to use ground water from borewell for use in the project as there is

no surface water resources in the vicinity of the project.

3.4.6 Baseline Status of water quality

The existing status of groundwater and surface water quality was assessed by

identifying 8 ground water (Hand pump/Dug well) samples in different villages and 5

surface water samples. Details of the sampling locations and sources are given in Table

3.11 and the sampling locations are shown in study area map in Figure 3.6.

The physico-chemical & bacteriological characteristics of surface water and ground

water samples are given in the Tables 3.12 & 3.13 resp .




SW-1

SW-2

SW-3

SW-4

SW-5

GW-1

GW-2

GW-3

GW-4

GW-5GW-6GW-7

GW-8GROUND & SURFACE WTERMONITORING STATION

GROUND WATER & SURFACE WATER

79°15'79°10'

5'

5'

200

79°10'

5'

Sakharwahi

Tadali

Goraja

Dhonad




Chiprdia


CENTRAL RAILWAY

Lomirs

KudraraChiradevi

Ukni

kochi

Kan

tiya

Nal

a


Line

Tirwanja

Tirwanja

Khairgaon

Lahan

AmbhoraVichoda

Neri

Mot

agha

t N

Open scrub

3r

2r

7r

Vichoda

Chak

Erai R

Sarai N

ala

WARDHA

R Padoli

YashwantNagar

Wadgaon

Datala

Devala

Vendali

PipriDhanoraUsgaon

Ghugus

Belora

Niljai BelsaniMursa

Yerur

Sonegaon

ShengaonMahtardevi

Chandur Nagala

Chichala

Wandhari

Ghugusbhata

SidurMahakurla

Pandharkawada

BHANDAK R F

Awandha

Kacharala

Saiwan

Ghodpeth

Khutala

Morwa

Kosara

79°05'

Bhadrawati

Dhorwasa

Pimpalgaon

Tara

PROJECT SITESITE



MONITORING LOCATIONS

VIMLA INFRASTRUCTURE (INDIA) PVT. LTD.19°55'

20°00'

20°05'


20°00'

20°05'

19°55'

N

STREAMS

RIVER / NALA

POND

ROAD

HABITATION

GRID

PROJECT SITE

INDEX

RAILWAY LINE

SCALE 1: 50,000

79°15'79°10'79°05'

FIGURE 3.6: SURFACE AND GROUND WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS




TABLE 3.11: DETAILS OF WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Sr.

no.

Location Code Location (Source) Distance (in

Km) & Direction

w.r.t Project

site.

Ground Water

1 GW1 Dug Well Near Project Site --

2 GW2 Hand Pump in Tadali Village 3.0 km NE

3 GW3 Hand Pump in Sakharwahi Village 2.0 km NW

4 GW4 Hand Pump in Chargaon Village 5.0 km NE

5 GW5 Hand Pump in Morwa Village 3.5 km E

6 GW6 Hand Pump in Yerur village 2.0 km SE

7 GW7 Hand pump in Mursa village 3.0 km SW

8 GW8 Hand pump in Sonegaon village 3.5 km S

Surface Water

1 SW1 Wardha River Near Ukni Village

(Upstream)

5.0 km NW

2 SW2 Wardha River Near Belsani Village

(Downtream)

6.0 km SW

3 SW3 Sarai Nala Near Sonegaon Village/6 3.5 km SE

4 SW4 Erai River Near Padoli Village 7.5 km ESE

5 SW5 Kantiya Nala Near Saiwan Village 5.0 km NE




TABLE 3.12: ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SURFACE WATER

Sr.

NoTest Parameter Unit

As per IS 10500 : 2012

Wardha

River

Upstream

Wardha

River

downstream

Sarai Nala Erai River Kantiya

Nala

Acceptable

Limit

*Permissible

Limit

SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 SW-4 SW-5

1. Ambient Temperature °C - - 27.8 27.9 28.2 27.6 27.4

2. Colour Hazen 5 25 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5

3. Odour - UO UO AG AG AG AG AG

4. Taste - AG AG AG AG AG AG AG

5. Turbidity NTU 5 10 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5

6. pH at 25 °C – 6.5-8.5 NR 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.2

7. Electrical Conductivity μS/cm - - 519 487 494 368 472

8. Total Solids mg / l - - 344 270 562 208 317

9. Total Dissolved Solids mg / l 500 2000 345 281 462 193 321

10. Total Suspended Solids mg / l - - 6 7 5 7 6

11. Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg / l 200 600 164 142 229 105 116

12. Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg / l 300 600 175 183 269 97 143

13.Calcium Hardness as

CaCO3mg / l - - 98 92 154 68 115

14. Calcium as Ca++ mg / l 75 200 60.9 41.2 56.4 44.3 39.8

15. Magnesium as Mg++ mg / l 30 100 19.7 16.5 21.3 9.8 11.2

16. Sodium as Na mg /l - - 7.9 13.5 32.4 10.6 12.5

17. Potassium as K mg /l - - 3.1 2.8 5.4 4.2 5.7

18. Chlorides as Cl mg / l 250 1000 33.2 21.6 42.7 11.8 32.6




Sr.


As per IS 10500 : 2012

Wardha

River

Upstream

Wardha

River

downstream


Nala

Acceptable

Limit

*Permissible

Limit


19. Sulphates as SO4 mg / l 200 400 34.5 56 74.5 34 88.7

20. Nitrates as NO3 mg / l 45 NR 1.9 4.3 5.9 1.3 1.6

21. Fluoride as F mg / l 1 1.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

22. Dissolved Oxygen mg / l - - 6.1 4.9 5.2 4.6 4.2

23.Amonical Nitrogen as NH3-

Nmg / l - - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

24. Nitrite Nitrogen as NO2-N mg / l - - 0.04 BDL BDL BDL 0.01

25. H2S mg / l - - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

26. Total Phosphate as PO4-P mg / l - - 1.34 1.24 0.99 0.06 0.87

27. Cyanide as CN mg / l 0.05 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

28. Phenolic Compounds mg / l 0.001 0.002 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

29 Total Oil & Grease mg / l 0.01 0.03 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

30 B O D 3 days 27 °C mg / l - - 3.2 4.6 3.4 4.8 5.6

31 C O D mg / l - - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

32 Pesticides mg / l Absent 0.001 Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

33Poly Nuclear Hydrocarbon

(PAH)

mg / l- - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

34 Aluminium as Al mg / l 0.03 0.2 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

35 Arsenic as As mg / l 0.01 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

36 Boron as B mg / l 1 5 0.21 0.14 0.06 0.11 0.07

37 Cadmium as Cd mg / l 0.01 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL




Sr.


As per IS 10500 : 2012

Wardha

River

Upstream

Wardha

River

downstream


Nala

Acceptable

Limit

*Permissible

Limit


38 Chromium as Cr6+ mg / l 0.05 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

39 Copper as Cu mg / l 0.05 1.5 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.01

40 Iron as Fe mg / l 0.3 1 0.29 0.33 0.19 0.14 0.32

41 Lead as Pb mg / l 0.05 NR 0.02 0.03 BDL BDL BDL

42 Manganese as Mn mg / l 0.1 0.3 0.07 0.09 0.03 0.07 0.07

43 Mercury as Hg mg / l 0.001 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

44 Selenium as Se mg / l 0.01 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

45 Zinc as Zn mg / l 5 15 0.13 0.07 0.03 0.32 0.05

46 Nickel as Ni mg/l 0.02 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

47 ColiformMPN/

100 ml- - 18 75 11 82 96

Note:- BDL is Below Detectable Limit ; Minimum Detectable Limit For parameters tested are as Under(NO2-0.1,PO4-0.05,Oil & Grease-5,BOD-1,COD-5,Al-0.02,AS-0.02,B-0.01,Cd-0.01,Cr+6-0.05,Cu-0.03,Fe-0.05,Pb-0.05, Mn-0.02,Hg-0.001,Zn-0.01, Se =0.005 ) (Unitmg/l) NTU - nephalometery turbitity unit;; NR - no relaxation; MPN - most probable number UO - unobjectionable: AG - agreeable; NA- not applicable




TABLE 3.13: ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR GROUND WATER QUALITY

Sr.


As per IS 10500 : 2012Project

site

Tadali Sakhar

wahi

Chargaon Morwa Yerur Mursa Sonegaon

Accept-

able

Limit

*Permissible

Limit

GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 GW-5 GW-6 GW-7 GW-8

1.Ambient

Temperature°C - - 25.4 25.5 25.2 25.3 25.2 25.1 25.3 25.7

2. Colour Hazen 5 25 CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL

3. Odour - UO UO AG AG AG AG AG AG AG AG

4. Taste - AG AG AG AG AG AG AG AG AG AG

5. Turbidity NTU 5 10 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0

6. pH at 25 °C – 6.5-8.5 NR 7.5 7.3 7.4 7.3 7.4 7.1 7.4 7.2

7.Electrical

ConductivityμS/cm - - 721 828 746 723 834 998 956 875

8.Total Dissolved

Solidsmg / l 500 2000 498 579 502 426 532 689 643 517

9.Total Suspended

Solids

mg / l- - <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2

10.Total Alkalinity as

CaCO3

mg / l200 600 245 273 298 302 257 267 284 237

11.Total Hardness as

CaCO3mg / l 300 600 297 312 247 234 321 327 418 297

12.Calcium Hardness as

CaCO3mg / l - - 214 232 198 193 237 281 312 220

13. Calcium as Ca++ mg / l 75 200 80.2 95.6 85.1 89.2 72.8 71.4 99.2 88




Sr.



site

Tadali Sakhar

wahi


Accept-

able

Limit

*Permissible

Limit


14. Magnesium as Mg++ mg / l 30 100 16.9 39.8 14.6 27.9 23.2 21 52.4 25.8

15. Sodium as Na mg /l - - 32.1 29.4 45.4 39.7 46.1 56.3 41.3 50.2

16. Potassium as K mg /l - - 3 0.7 12.3 5.8 6.1 4 0.9 12.7

17. Chlorides as Cl mg / l 250 1000 36.1 49.3 34.3 49.7 78.2 102.3 56.4 82.2

18. Sulphates as SO4 mg / l 200 400 68.1 108.4 51.6 62.3 59.8 51.9 121.2 72.1

19. Nitrates as NO3 mg / l 45 NR 1.32 0.38 1.34 1.27 0.37 0.32 0.39 1.36

20. Fluoride as F mg / l 1 1.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2

21. Dissolved Oxygen mg / l - - - - - - - - - -

22.Amonical Nitrogen as

NH3-Nmg / l - - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

23.Nitrite Nitrogen as

NO2-Nmg / l - - 0.07 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.04 0.09

24.Total Phosphate as

PO4-Pmg / l - - 1.2 1.25 0.63 0.97 1.36 1.52 0.54 1.76

25. Cyanide as CN mg / l 0.05 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

26.Phenolic

Compoundsmg / l 0.001 0.002 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

27. Total Oil & Grease mg / l 0.01 0.03 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

28. B O D 3 days 27 °C mg / l - - - - - - - - - -

29. C O D mg / l - - - - - - - - - -

30. Pesticides mg / l Absent 0.001 Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent




Sr.



site

Tadali Sakhar

wahi


Accept-

able

Limit

*Permissible

Limit


31.Poly Nuclear

Hydrocarbon (PAH)

mg / l- - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

32. Aluminium as Al mg / l 0.03 0.2 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

33. Arsenic as As mg / l 0.01 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

34. Boron as B mg / l 1 5 0.34 0.42 0.36 0.5 0.23 0.21 0.47 0.23

35. Cadmium as Cd mg / l 0.01 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

36. Chromium as Cr6+ mg / l 0.05 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

37. Copper as Cu mg / l 0.05 1.5 BDL BDL 0.01 0.01 BDL 0.04 BDL 0.02

38. Iron as Fe mg / l 0.3 1 0.18 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.1 0.3 0.17 0.3

39. Lead as Pb mg / l 0.05 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

40. Manganese as Mn mg / l 0.1 0.3 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.01 0.05

41. Mercury as Hg mg / l 0.001 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

42. Selenium as Se mg / l 0.01 NR - - - - - - - -

43. Zinc as Zn mg / l 5 15 0.32 0.24 0.27 0.25 0.36 0.11 0.02 0.57

44. ColiformMPN/

100 ml- - - - - - - - - -

Note:- BDL is Below Detectable Limit ; Minimum Detectable Limit For parameters tested are as Under(NO2-0.1,PO4-0.05,Oil & Grease-5,BOD-1,COD-5,Al-0.02,AS-0.02,B-0.01,Cd-0.01,Cr+6-0.05,Cu-0.03,Fe-0.05,Pb-0.05, Mn-0.02,Hg-0.001,Zn-0.01, Se =0.005 ) (Unitmg/l) NTU - nephalometery turbitity unit;; NR - no relaxation; MPN - most probable number UO - unobjectionable: AG - agreeable; NA- not applicable




3.4.7 Result Discussion

Surface Water Quality

The results of the surface water samples analysed are presented in Table 3.12 and arecompared with the IS-10500 standards. The pH of the surface water samples collectedwas 7.2 to 7.4 and within the acceptable limit of 6.5 to 8.5. The total dissolved solidswere found in the range of 193 - 462 mg/l and are within the acceptable limit at alllocations. The total hardness varied between 97 - 269 mg/l and is observed to be withinacceptable limit at all locations. In all samples, iron content varied in between 0.14 -0.33 mg/l, Nitrate in between 1.3 – 5.9 mg/l, fluoride varied between 0.2 - 0.3 mg/l,chloride 11.8 – 42.7 mg/l, Sulphate 34.0 – 88.7 mg/l, alkalinity 105 – 229 mg/l, calcium39.8 – 60.9 mg/l and magnesium in between 9.8 – 21.3 mg/l in all samples. Coliformorganisms are observed to be in the range of 11 to 96 MPN/100 ml. It was observedfrom the analysis that, the physico-chemical characteristics of the surface watersamples are within permissible limits for all the parameters except for colofirmorganisms. Coliform organisms are observed in all the samples. Thus, the water from allthese can be used for drinking & domestic use after proper primary treatment anddisinfection.

Groundwater Quality

The physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater are presented in Table-3.13 and

are compared with the IS-10500 standards. The pH of the water samples collected

ranged from 7.1 to 7.5 and within the acceptable limit of 6.5 to 8.5. The total dissolved

solids were found in the range of 426 - 689 mg/l and is exceeding the acceptable limit at

6 locations. The total hardness varied between 234 - 418 mg/l and is observed to

exceed acceptable limit at all locations but are within permissible limits at all

locations..

In all samples, iron content varied in between 0.1 - 0.3 mg/l, Nitrate in between 0.32 –

1.36 mg/l, fluoride varied between 0.2 - 0.4 mg/l, chloride 34.3 – 102.3 mg/l, Sulphate

51.6 – 121.2 mg/l, alkalinity 237 – 302 mg/l, calcium 71.4 – 99.2 mg/l and magnesium

in between 14.6 – 52.4 mg/l. The overall ground water quality was found to be good

with slightly higher hardness. The levels of heavy metals content were found to be

within permissible limits. Thus, the ground water is required can be used for drinking

and domestic use after necessary primary treatment, softening and disinfection.

3.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT

3.5.1 Land Environment using Remote Sensing Application

Remote sensing application is very useful in providing reliable information on various

natural resources at different levels of spatial details. It is very effective for mapping

and periodic monitoring of natural resources including environment. With the

availability of high resolution remote sensing data, the use of remote sensing

applications have been increased, techniques of data processing have been improved

and computer based image processing systems have become more effective.




The application helps in understanding the various land use patterns in a target area

based on the different purposes for which the land being used or being covered by

subjects such as forests / vegetation, waterbodies, agriculture, habitation, roads,

railways, etc.

3.5.2 Land Use/Land Cover Classification- Interpretation

Satellite imagery for the 10 km radius study area of the project was obtained and

studied for identifying the different land use land cover patterns. Survey of India

toposheets were also used to corelate with the satellite imagery. Based on the standard

land use land cover classification, area covered in different categories was calculated.

The satellite imagery of the 10 km radius study area is given in Figure 3.7 and

corresponding land use land cover pattern of the study area is shown in Figure 3.8. The

Land use pattern of the study area based on satellite imagery is given in Table 3.14.

From the satellite imagery for the study area, it is observed that agriculture is the most

predominant land use of the study area. Apart from Agriculture, surface water bodies,

industries & Mines and habitation forms other major land uses in the 10 km radius

study area.

TABLE 3.14: SATELLITE IMAGERY BASED LAND USE PATTERN OF STUDY AREA

LULC Class Area (Sq. Km.) %

Cropland 215.21 65.63

Deciduous 0.39 0.12

Fallow land 7.46 2.28

Mining 16.47 5.02

Reservoirs/ Lakes/ Ponds 6.83 2.08

River/ Stream/ Canals 5.71 1.74

Rural 4.72 1.44

Scrub Forest 5.51 1.68

Scrub land 53.46 16.30

Urban 12.15 3.71

Total 327.91 100.00




FIGURE 3.7: SATELLITE IMAGERY OF THE 10 KM RADIUS STUDY AREA




FIGURE 3.8: SATELLITE IMAGERY BASED LAND USE LAND COVER MAP OF 10 KM RADIUS STUDY AREA




3.5.3 Soil Characteristics

Soil differs from the parent material in the morphological, physical, chemical and

biological properties. Also, soils differ among themselves in some or all the properties,

depending on the differences in the genetic and environmental factors. For studying soil

profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil

conditions in and around the project site representing various land use conditions. The

physical, chemical properties and heavy metals concentrations were determined. The

samples were collected by ramming a core-cutter into the soil up to a depth of 90 cm in

3 sections of 30 cms each. Total 3 samples within the study area were collected and

analyzed. The details of the soil sampling locations are given in Table 3.15 and the

sampling locations are shown in Figure 3.9.

TABLE 3.15: DETAILS OF SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Sr.

no.

Location

Code

Location (Source) Distance (in Km) &

Direction w.r.t Project

site.

1 S1 Project site (waste land) --

2 S2 Tadali Village (Agriculture Land) 2.5 km NE

3 S3 Mursa Village (Agriculture Land) 4.5 km W

The collected soil samples were analysed in the laboratory for physico-chemical and

nutrition parameters and the results are given in Table 3.16.




FIGURE 3.9: STUDY AREA MAP SHOWING SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS




TABLE 3.16: SOIL QUALITY ANALYSIS RESULTS

Sr.No.

Parameters Unit Project Site (S1) Tadali Vill. (S2) Mursa Vill. (S3)

00.0 -30.0cm

30.0 -60.0cm

60.0 -90.0cm

00.0 -30.0cm

30.0 -60.0cm

60.0 -90.0cm

00.0 -30.0cm

30.0 -60.0cm

60.0 -90.0cm

A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES1 Color -- Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray

2 Soil Texture --Silt

loamSilt

loamSilt

loamSilt

loamSilt

loamSilt

loamSilt

loamSilt

loamSilt

loam

3Grain SizeDistribution%

Gravel 3 4 4 2 3 2 3 2 2

Sand 29 32 34 19 16 15 20 22 19Silt 63 58 56 54 55 57 52 50 54Clay 5 6 6 25 26 26 25 26 25

4MoistureContent

% 12 14 15 13 15 18 14 16 18

5 Bulk Density gm/cc 1.43 1.46 1.47 1.45 1.47 1.51 1.46 1.48 1.516 Liquid Limit % NL NL NL 48 50 50 48 47 477 Plastic Limit % NP NP NP 23 23 24 23 23 238 Porosity % 47.2 44.7 46.9 48.3 41.1 38.9 53.1 58.3 54.2

9WaterRetentionCapacity

% 44.1 41.5 49.1 51.8 45.4 43.9 48.5 46.7 44.4

B. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES1 pH - 6.8 7 7.1 7.4 7.6 7.7 7.4 7.2 7.3

2ElectricalConductivity

mmhos/cm

0.486 0.521 0.619 0.212 0.196 0.218 0.199 0.22 0.218

3OrganicMatter

%0.1 0.05 0.05 0.39 0.3 0.34 0.44 0.34 0.39

4Calcium asCa++

mg/kg116.8 115.2 108.8 99.2 91.2 102.4 115.2 100.8 102.4

5Magnesiumas Mg++

mg/kg70.1 73 80.6 58.6 66.2 59.5 48 52.8 57.6

6Chlorides asCl

mg/kg71.5 75.5 73.5 23.8 17.9 15.9 13.9 15.9 11.9

7Sulphates asSO4

mg/kg436 472 456 424 396 392 112 336 384

8TotalNitrogen asN

kg/ha40 20 20 160 120 140 180 140 160

9TotalPhosphorousas P

kg/ha37.7 40 44.6 68.5 60 46.2 45.4 35.4 24.6

10TotalPotassium asK

kg/ha1162.3 969.2 919.4 514.2 486.7 432.5 394.6 378.2 391.2




Observations:

• pH of the soil samples varied from 6.8 to 7.7 indicating normal soils

• Texture of the soil was observed as silt loam.

• Bulk density of the soil samples varied from 1.43 to 1.51g/cc

• Organic matter in the soil samples varied from 0.05 to 0.44 %

• Total Nitrogen in the soil samples varied from 20 to 180 kg/Ha

• Total Phosphorus in the soil samples varied from 24.6 to 68.5 kg/Ha

• Total potassium in the soil samples varied from 378.2 to 1162.3 mg/kg

From the analysis results of the soil samples, it was observed that the soil was low to

medium fertile and having low productivity. The soil in the study area needs additional

fertilizers for improving the fertility status and increase in crop productivity. Overall the

soil quality in the area was found to poor to medium fertile with moderate productivity.

3.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

3.6.1 Methodology adopted

For assessing the present status of flora and fauna rapid surveys were conducted in the

10 km radius of the project site during summer 2019. For the assessment of the flora,

quadrate method was used, also forest working plan was consulted. For fauna visual

observation, discussion with forest officials, local people, fishermen and academician

were carried out. In the 10 km radius area of the project includes water bodies like

Wardha river and Erai river. These water bodies irrigate various crops and also support

fish, fauna, also amphibians and other animals of this area. The primary surveys were

conducted during winter months and data gathering from secondary sources were

continued afterwards. The detailed report on biological survey including flora, fauna is

discussed in following paragraphs.

3.6.2 Forests

The project site is located adjacent to private railway siding of M/s Vimla Infrastructure

(India) Pvt. Ltd. and MIDC Tadali Industrial area. Forest area in the study area includes

Morwa Reserved Forest (1.4 km E) and Bhandak Reserved Forest (9.1 km NE). Tadoba-

Andhari Tiger reserve Ecosensitive zone is located at approx. 15 km NE of the project

site. There is no other forest area, National Park, Wildlife sanctuary or Biosphere

reserve within the 10 km radius study area of the project.

3.6.3 Flora

Flora (Plant Species): The forest mainly comprises of moist deciduous mix forests. Some

of the common trees present in this area are Mango, Arjun, Bel, Bija, Jamun, Ain, Behada,

Shishamtendu, Hirda, Haldu, Kuda, Kusum, Bamboo, Kadam and many others. The main




species of grasses includes Gawat, Mussam, Khus, Kusal and Chirkhus. Shrub species

like Kuda, Tarota, Kudgudi, Tarwad, Gokhru & Neel are also present extensively. Gond

and Madia tribes are the main tribes that reside in the jungles. They still completely

depend upon the forest for living & fulfill their need for food, timber, grass and wood.

Madia and Gondi are their languages. The list of flora species observed in the study area

is given in Table 3.17.

TABLE 3.17: LIST OF FLORA

S.No. Common name Botanical name Family

TREE SPECIES

1 Babool Acacia arabica Mimosaceae

2 Khair Acacia catechu Mimosaceae

3 Haldu Adina cordifolia Naucleaceae

4 Bel Aegle marmelos Rutaceae

5 Siris Albizzia lebbeck Mimosaceae

6 Dhaura Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae

7 Sitaphal Anona squamosa Annonaceae

8 Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae

9 Amta Bauhinia malabarica Caesalpiniaceae

10 Kachnar Bauhinia purpurea Caesalpiniaceae

11 Apta Bauhinia racemosa Caesalpiniaceae

12 Charoli Buchnania lanzan Anacardiaceae

13 Palas Butea monosperma Papilionaceae

14 Amaltas Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae

15 Shisam Dalbergia sissoo Papilionaceae

16 Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Ebenaceae

17 Aonla Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae

18 Nilgiri Eucalyptus hybrida Myrtaceae

19 Jamun Eugenia jambolana Myrtaceae

20 Kaith Feronia limonia Rutaceae

21 Bar gad Ficus benghalensis Moraceae

22 Dhumar Ficus glomerate Moraceae

23 Pakal Ficus infectoria Moraceae

24 Peepal Ficus religiosa Moraceae

25 Kharhar Gardenia turgida Rubiaceae

26 Kekad Garuga pinnata Burseraceae

27 Mahua Madhuca indica Sapotaceae

28 Aam Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae

29 Aanjan Nenysiolon umbellatum Satotaceae

30 Tad Phoenix sylvistris Aracaceae/ Palmae

31 karanji Pongamia pinnata Papilionaceae

32 Amrud Psidium guajava Myrtaceae

33 Kusum Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae





34 Imli Tamarindus indica Caesalpiniaceae

35 Sagwan Tectona grandis Verbenaceae

36 Arjun Terminalia arjuna Combretacea

37 Bahera Te rminalia bellirica Combretaceae

38 Harara Terminalia chebula Combretaceae

39 Sahaja Terminalia tomentosa Combretaceae

40 Ber Ziziphus jujuba Rhamnaceae

SHRUBS & HERBS

1 Wild bhendi Ablemoscus esculentus Malvaceae

2 Aghada Acheranthus aspera Amaranthaceae

3 Akol Alangium salvifolium Cornaceae

4 Chireta Andrographis paniculata Acanthaceae

5 Madar Calotropis gigantia Asclepiadaceae

6 Kombda Celosia argentia Amaranthaceae

7 Pivali tilval Cleom viscosa Cleomaceae

8 Mehandi Dodonia viscosa Lytharaceae

9 Chipoto Desmodium pulchellum Papilionaceae

10 Ambadi Hibiscus canabinus Malvaceae

11 Behaya Ipomoea purpurea Convolvulaceae

12 Chandrajyot Jatropa curcus Euphorbiaceae

13 Lalten Lantana camera Verbinaceae

14 Lajwanti Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae

15 Ban tulsi Ocimum basilicum Labiatae

16 Tulsi Ocimum sanctum Labiatae

17 Gajarghas Parthenium hysterophorum Asteraceae

18 Chhind Phoenix acaulis Palmae

19 Erandi Ricinus connunis Euphorbiaceae

20 Mundi Sphrantus indicus Amaranthaceae

21 Jhau Tamarix dioica Tamaricaceae

22 Diwali Tephrosia purpuria Papilionaceae

23 Chota Gokharu Tribulus terrestris Zygophylaceae

24 Kambarmodi Tridax procumbance Asteraceae

25 Bada Gokharu Xanthium stromarium Asteraceae

CLIMBER, BAMBOO, GRASSES, EPIPHYTE & PARASITE

1 Bhopla Cucurbita pepo Cucurbitaceae

2 Kauj Millettia extensa Papilionaceae

3 Keonti Ventilago denticulata Rhamnaceae

4 Doob Cynodon dactylon

5 Solid bamboo Dendmcalamus strictus Poaceae

6 kush Desmostachya bipinnata Poaceae

7 Kansh Saccharum spontaneum Poaceae

8 Gunher Themeda quadrivalvis Poaceae





9 Khus Vetiveria zizanioides Poaceae

10 Vanda Vanda Orchidaceae

11 Amarbel Cuscuta reflexa Cuscutaceae

Rare, Endemic and Endangered Flora in the Study Area

No flora species observed during the ecological studies were assigned any threat

category, by RED data book of Indian Plants. (Nayar and Sastry, 1990) and Red list of

threatened Vascular plants (IUCN, 2010; BSI, 2003). Also, there was no endemic plants

observed during the studies.

3.6.4 Fauna

A baseline survey was conducted in order to document the faunal biodiversity of the

study area with respect to birds, reptiles, amphibians and butterfly species.

Core Zone:

The core zone is located adjacent to existing railway siding and is located near the MIDC

Tadali industrial area, wherein some industries are already operating, there is no wild

animals observed within or in the vicinity of the project site. Wild fauna occassionaly

observed in the project site comprise of common small animals such as Five striped

squirrel, Field rat, Common house rat, common grey mongoose, Hanuman Langur, etc

and birds like Blue rock piegeon, House crow, Pariah kite, Myna, Koel, etc.

Buffer Zone

Chandrapur region has large areas covered with forest which form undisturbed tracts

with a very sparse population. Naturally this forest with luxurious vegetation harbors a

large variety of animals. As the tiger, Panther are common man- animal conflict is

routine. During our surveys no Panther, tiger , bear, hyaena were seen. Apart from

these following mammals may be present in 10 km radius.

From the working plan it is known that Chital, Sambhar and Nilgai cause damage to the

crop. So also wild boar uproots young seedlings and bamboo clumps. Porcupine eats

outer bark of Haldu, Moha, Bhilwa and Amaltas. Bear dig the soil near the root of the

tree in search of rodents.

As per the working plan this division is a heaven for migratory birds.The presence of big

water bodies like Erai dam, Chargao, Mohali, Junona, Naleshwar tank are main visiting

places for the winter visitors. The prominent visitors are Coots, teals, pintails, bar

headed geese, pochards, mallards, gadusal, and Shovellar are regular visitors. Sarus

cranes are also resident of Junona Lake. Besides these winter visitors there are variety

of resident birds like peafowls, Partridges, jungle fowl, quails, green pigeon, tits,

babblers, robins, bulbul, flycatchers, shriker, drongo, warblers, mynas, weaver birds,




munias, wagtails, woodpeckers, cuckoos, owls, etc. Following birds were observed

during our visits.

The wild animals observed in buffer zone of the study area is listed in Table 3.18

TABLE 3.18: FAUNA OBSERVED IN STUDY AREA

S. No. Common Name Scientific Name Schedule as

per WPA,

1972/ Local

Status

MAMMALS

1. House shrew Suncus murinus -2. Lesser bandicoot Bandicota bengolensis V3. Five striped squirrel Funambulus pennanti IV4. Fruit bat Rosettus leschenaulti V5. Vampire bat Megaderma lyra V6. Short nosed fruit-bat Cynopterus sphinx V7. Hanuman langur Presbytis entellus II (I)8. Jungle cat Felis chaus II (I)9. Indian fox Vulpus bengalensis II (I)10. Wild dog Cuon alpinus -11. Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelas III12. Wild boar Sus scrofa -13. Spotted deer Axix axix III14. Sambar Cervis unicolor III15. Hare Lepus nigricolis IV16. Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi IV

AVIFAUNA

1. Grey patridge Francolinus pondicerianus2. Black breasted quail Couturnix coromandelicus3. Painted sandgrouse Pterocles indicus IV4. Blue rock pigeon Columba livia IV5. Spotted dove Streptopelia chinensis IV6. Rosering parakeet Psittacula krameri IV7. Koel Eudynamys scolopacea IV8. Crow pheasant Centropus sinensis IV9. Indian barn owl Tyto alba -10. Indian jungal nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus IV11. Indian house swift Apus affinis -12. Small blue kingfisher Alcido atthis IV13. Pied kingfisher Ceryle rudis IV14. White breasted

kingfisherHalcyon smyrnensis IV

15. Small green bee-eater Merops orientalis IV16. Indian roller Coracias benghalensis IV





per WPA,

1972/ Local

Status

17. Hoopoe Upupa epops -18. Coppersmith barbet Megalaima zylanica IV19. Golden backed

woodpeckerDinopium benghalense IV

20. Indian pitta Pitta brachyura IV21. Golden oriole Oriolus oriolus IV22. Black drongo Dicrurus adsimilis IV23. Brahminy myna Sturnus pagodarum IV24. Jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchos IV25. Indian treepie Dendrocitta vgabunda IV26. Paradise fly catcher Tripsiphone paradisi IV27. Tailor bird Orthotomus sutorius IV28. Orange headed ground

thrushZoothera citrina IV

29. Purple rumped sunbird Nectarinia zeylonica IV30. Baya weaverbird Ploceus phillippinus IV31. Spotted munia Lonchura punctulata IV32. Little cormorant Phalacrocorax niger IV33. Snake bird Anhinga rufa IV34. Open billed stork Anastomus oscitans IV35. Black ibis Pseudibis papillosa IV36. Brahminy duck Todorna ferruginea IV37. Cotton teal Nettapus coromandelianus IV38. Purple heron Ardea purpurea IV39. Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis -40. Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus -41. Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata -42. Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha -43. Lesser Whistling Duck Dendrocygna javanica -44. Pintail Duck Anas acuta Linnaeu -45. Paddy-field Pipit Anthus rufulus -

REPTILES1. House gecko Hemidactylus gracilis -2. Indian house gecko Hemidactylus brooki -3. Garden lizard Calotis versicolor -4. Common skink Mabuya carinata -5. Indian chameleon Chamaeleo zeylenicus II6. Rat snake Ptyas mucosus II(o)7. Sand boa Eryx conicus IV8. Water snake Hydrophis sp. -9. Common cobra Naja naja II(II)10. Ghonas/ Russelis viper Vipera russelli II(II)





per WPA,

1972/ Local

Status

11. Manyar Bangarus calrulens II(II)AMPHIBIANS

1. Indian Bull frog Rana tigerina Sch – IV2. Skipper frog Rana cyanophlyctis Sch – IV3. Toad Bufo melanostictus Sch – IV4. Tree frog Polupedates maculatus -5. Ornate frog Microhyla ornata -

FISHES1. Rohu Labeo rahita C2. Mrigal Cirrhinas mrigala C3. Catla Catla catla C4. Olive barb Puntius sarana C5. Padan/Boal Wallago attu R6. Magur Clarias batrachus C7. Singhi Heteropneustis fossilis R8. Banded snake head Channa striatus C9. Spiny eel Mastcembelus armatus C10. Gat fish Xenentodon cancila R11. Striped dwarf catfish Mystus vittatus C12. Chandni Chanda nama C13. Indian butter catfish Ompok bimaculatus -

Observations:

The project site is located adjacent to MIDC Tadali Industrial area. The study area

predominantly comprise of agriculture land, fallow land and habitation area. There is no

forest land in or adjacent to the project area. Two Reserved Forests namely Morwa R.F.

and Bhandak R.F. are located within the study area. There is no ecological sensitive area

such as National parks, wildlife sanctuary or Biosphere reserve within the study area.

No schedule I fauna was observed or reported within the study area of the project.

3.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The impact of a developmental project could be positive or negative depending upon

the activities involved in the project. An assessment of socio - economic environment

forms an integral part of the EIA/EMP study. In order to improve the quality of life of

the people affected by the coal washery activities, it is necessary to understand the

socio- economic aspects and its trends in the study area.

The project proposal is to establish a 1.5 MTPA wet coal washery adjacent to the

existing private railway siding of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. in Tadali




village, Tehsil & District Chandrapur, Maharashtra. Socio-demographic studies are very

useful for understanding social and economic problems and identifying potential

solutions. To understand the socio-economic status and the trends of the communities

in the 10 km radius, baseline survey was conducted in the nearby villages. Primary

information on socio-economic status was collected through social survey through

public interviews and questionnairs and information collected from village panchayats,

Zilla parishads, Government hospitals, etc. The primary data collected was supported by

information collected from Census Handbook 2011.

3.7.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study

Desktop research is the major methodology adopted for the study which involves

researching, compiling and analyzing the data. The villages located within the 10 km

radius study area were identified to assess demographic, infrastructure and landuse

details.

The socio-economic status of the study area was studied for the following aspects:

Demographic details

Employment details

Classification of Landuse

3.7.2 Demographic pattern of the Study Area

The demographic pattern comprise mainly of population, sex and literacy status of the total

population of the area. of the study area comprises of various features of the population

across to the study area.

There are total 46 villages within the 10 km radial study area of the project. The

summary of demographic pattern of the villages within the study area is given in Table

3.19 and the village-wise details are given in Annexure IV.

TABLE 3.19: DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA

Particulars Numbers %No. of villages 46No. of Household 34752Total Population 145141Total Male 75434 51.97Total Female 69707 48.03Population SC 27839 19.18Population ST 11568 7.97Total Literate 111666 76.94Male Literate 61000 42.03Female Literate 50666 34.91

Source: Primary census abstract 2011, District Chandrapur, state Maharashtra




Sex Ratio

The sex ratio is the ratio of female to male in the population (normalize to 1000). As per

Census 2011 data, overall sex ratio in the study area was 924 female to thousand male.

The sex ratio in the study area is very poor as compared to Maharashra state ratio of

922 and National sex ratio of 933.

Literacy Rate

As per Census 2011 data, the literacy rate of study area population is observed to be 76.94%.

This is less than the Average literacy rate of Maharashtra State (82.34%), but it is slightly

more than the average literacy rate of India as 74.04%.

3.7.3 Employment Pattern in the Study Area

The identification of the current economic characteristics of the study area is also an

important part of defining the employment pattern of the study area. There are different

types of employment pattern, that may be classified as: Those persons who had worked

for at least six months or 183 days are treated as Main workers, on the other hand if

persons categorized as workers participated in any economic or productive activity for

less than six months or 183 days during the last one year are treated as Marginal

workers and Non workers are those who have not worked any time at all in the year.

Main worker employment pattern is classified in 04 types namely cultivator,

agricultural workers, household industry workers and other workers. Employment

pattern in the study area is given in Table 3.20.

TABLE 3.20: EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN THE STUDY AREA

Particulars Numbers %

Total population 145141

Total workers 55491 38.23Total main workers 48641 33.51Cultivators 5846 12.02Agriculture Labors 8489 17.45Household Industries 1219 2.51Other workers 33093 68.04Total Marginal Workers 6850 4.72Total Non workers 89650 61.77

Source: Primary census abstract 2011, District Chandrapur, state Maharashtra

From the above mentioned statistics of employment pattern indicates, total working

population forms 38.23% of total population. Out of the total main workers, only

29.47% workers population is involved in agriculture related occupations and only

2.51% workers population is involved in household industries. Most of the main




workers population i.e. 68.04% workers are engaged in other occupations such as

service, business, etc.

3.7.4 Land Use Pattern

The study of land-use of the project area is an integral part of the EIA. Baseline data on

land-use was generated using information available with census data, which is

presented in details in Annexure IV. Details of landuse pattern of the study area is

given in Table 3.21.

TABLE 3.21: LAND USE PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA

Land use category Area in Ha %Forest Area 6060.55 19.76Irrigated Area 825.44 2.69Unirrigated Area 20127.23 65.63Culturable Waste 1340.34 4.37Area not available for cultivation 2312.11 7.54Total 30665.67 100.00

Source: Census Handbook 2011, District Chandrapur, state Maharashtra

From the above table, it can be observed that 68.33% of the land in study area falls

under agriculture land, out of which, 65.63% is un-irrigated land. About 20% of the area

is forest land. Cultivable waste land covers 4.37% of the study area and area not

available for cultivation is 7.54%.

3.7.5 Major observations from Primary Socio-economic survey

House pattern: Types of housing varied from thatched to pakka houses. About 80%

houses were in pakka form, 15% in semi pakka and 5% houses were observed in

kaccha form.

Employment: Main occupation in the study area was jobs in industries, Government

and private enterprises, business followed by agriculture and its allied activities eg.

Cattle rearing, dairy farming etc. Agricultural activity was mainly depending on

monsoon season. The average daily wages of labors are in the range of Rs. 250-500/-

depending on type of work and skill level of the worker.

Fuel: The primary sources of cooking fuel is LPG. In rural areas, firewood, coal etc.

burning is still observed.

Main crops: The principal crop grown in agricultural farm was cotton & piegeon

pea. Most of the farmers irrigate their crop by groundwater from tubewell. Public

irrigation facilities are available in very few villages.




Sanitation: Toilet facility was one of the most basic facilities required in a house. It

was observed that most of the households are have constructed toilets under

Swachha Bharat Abhiyan. People are aware about ban on open defecation.

Drinking water Facilities: During the survey, it was observed that diverse sources

of drinking water supply were available in villages. Major source of drinking water

in the study area was ground water (hand pumps, bore wells and dug wells). During

survey respondents reported shortage of water in summer season.

Education facilities: Most of the villages were having education facilities in the

form of anganwadi and primary schools. Higher education facilities were available in

the range of 5-10km. Colleges and other diploma courses are available at

Chandrapur city and Bhadrawati town.

Transportation facility: For transportation purpose auto, jeep and private bus

services are available in the study area; however villagers reported that

transportation facilities are not frequently available. Private vehicles like bicycles &

motor cycles were also used by villagers for transportation purpose. Railway Station

is available in Chandrapur city.

Road connectivity: Most of the roads are blacktopped and the few pakka roads are

in need of repair and maintenance.

Communication facilities: For communication purpose, mainly mobile phones,

newspapers & post offices are available in the villages.

Medical facilities: There are few healthcare facilities available in the study area. In

some of the villages, primary health sub centers were available. Hospitals and other

better health centers were available in the range of 5-10 km at Bhadrawati town and

Chandrapur city.

Electricity: All villages in the study area have electricity facility for domestic and

agriculture purposes. Solar Street lights were seen in some of the villages.

Gram Panchayat facility: Most of the villages were having gram panchayat building

and Community halls.

Market facility: Study area was predominantly rural. In villages, small shops were

available for daily needs things. Weekly market facility was available in almost all

villages. Wholesale market are available at Chandrapur city.




Recreation facilities: Television and mobiles are the main recreation facilities in

the study area. There are Sports grounds, Cinema theatre, shopping complexes and

malls in Chandrapur city.


CHAPTER 4: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES


CHAPTER 4: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS

This chapter presents identification and appraisal of various impacts anticipated during

construction and operation phase of the proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery project. The

environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary

impacts are those, which are attributed directly to the project and secondary impacts

are those, which are indirectly induced.

Prediction of impacts is an important component in environmental impact assessment

process. Several techniques and methodologies are available for predicting the impacts

due to proposed development in coal washery on ecological and socio-economic

components of environment. Such predictions are superimposed over the baseline (pre-

project) status of environmental quality to derive the ultimate (post-project) scenario of

environmental conditions. The quantitative prediction of impacts lead to delineate

suitable environmental management plan needed for implementation during the

commissioning of proposed washery activities and in its operational phase in order to

mitigate the adverse impacts on environmental quality. The coal washery activities will

contribute to dust emissions from various sources. The predictions in respect of air,

water, noise, land and socio-economic components of environment have been made

based on baseline data collected, application of suitable model, available scientific

knowledge and judgments. Various likely impacts during the construction and

operation phase on the environment parameters have been studied to estimate the

impact on the environment and are described in the following paragraphs.

4.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE: IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

This includes impacts due to the activities related to levelling of site, construction of

structures for proposed project and installation of equipments.

4.2.1 Land Environment

Impact on Land use &Topography & Mitigation Measures





establishment of coal washery. The land is non-agricultural land.

During construction phase, various construction operations including levelling of site,

construction of plant infrastructure, internal roads, weigh bridge, etc. will be carried

out. After completion of the construction phase, the present landuse of the project area




will get permanently changed to industrial category. There will not be any change in the

land use pattern outside the plant premises.

The proposed project site is mostly flat. The proposed plant construction will not cause

any significant changes in the topography of the plant area. There will not be any change

in the topography of the area outside the plant premises.

Some plantation has already been carried out along the proposed plant boundary.

Additional plantation will be taken up as per the green belt plan from the construction

phase itself. This will act as a dust screen and also a visual barrier for the plant

construction activities. This will also improve the aesthetic view of the area.

4.2.2 Impact on Soil

The proposed construction activities will require to remove top soil from the area

proposed for coal washery establishment and associated infrastructure facilities. Top

soil excavated from this area will be spread along the plant boundary and used for

development of green belt. Thus, there will not be any loss of top soil from the area.

Mitigation Measures Proposed for Land Environment

• After completion of the construction phase, the surplus excavated material shall be

utilized for filling up in low lying areas within the plant premises, the rubble will be

cleared and all un-built surfaces will be reinstated;

• The top soil from the excavated areas will be re-used for the plantation;

• Green belt development and related activities will be taken up so that plantation

grows to adequate height by the time of plant commissioning. Thus, green belt will

be effective in containing the soil stabilization;

• Entire plant area will be aesthetically landscaped and natural gradient will be

maintained as much as feasible;

4.2.3 Air Environment

Impact on Air Quality

During construction phase, dust will be the main pollutant, which will be generated

from the site development activities and vehicular movement on the road. Further,

concentration of NOx and CO may also slightly increase due to increased vehicular

traffic. However, change in ambient concentrations of air pollutants will be insignificant

and temporary. As most of the construction equipment will be mobile, the emissions are

likely to be fugitive. The impacts will be localized in nature and the areas outside the

project boundary are not likely to have any significant adverse impact.




Air Pollution Control Measures

During dry weather conditions, it is necessary to control the dust generated by

excavation and transportation activities. This will be achieved by regular water

sprinkling. It will be ensured that vehicles and machineries are properly maintained to

minimize smoke in the exhaust emissions. Additional air pollution control measures

include the following:

• Sprinkling of water at regular intervals preferably using truck-mounted sprinklers

along the roads and work zone areas;

• Electrical power shall be made available near to the site. Attempts to be made to

utilize the electrically powered machinery to the extent possible to minimize the

emissions of SO2 and NOx from operation of DG sets.

4.2.4 Noise Environment

Impact on Noise Levels

The major sources of noise during the construction phase are vehicular traffic,

construction equipment like dozers, scrapers, concrete mixers, cranes, pumps,

compressors, pneumatic tools, saws, vibrators etc. The operation of these equipment

will generate noise ranging between 85-90 dB (A) near the source. These noise levels

will be generated within the plant boundary and will be temporary in nature.

Noise Control Measures

Equipment will be maintained appropriately to keep the noise level within 85 dB(A).

Wherever possible, equipment will be provided with silencers and mufflers. Acoustic

enclosures will be provided to stationary equipments like DG sets, wherever possible.

Construction activities will be restricted to day time only. Greenbelt will be developed

from construction stage. Further, workers working in high noise areas will be provided

with necessary protective devices e.g. ear plug, ear-muffs etc.

4.2.5 Water Environment

Impact on Water Resources and Quality

There is no surface water stream within the proposed project site. There will not be any

process wastewater generation during the construction phase. The surface run-off

during rainy season from the broken up areas containing silt wash off may be carried to

the seasonal steams flowing outside the project area. Wastewater generation during the

construction period will be from domestic effluent from the sanitation facilities

provided for the workers.




Water Pollution Control Measures

The earth work (cutting and filling) will be avoided during rainy season and will be

completed during winter and summer seasons. Stone pitching on the slopes and

construction of concrete drains for storm water to minimize soil erosion in the area will

be undertaken. Settling pond is planned for storage and recycling of surface water for

use in the plant area. Also development of green belt in and around plant will be taken

up during the monsoon season. In-plant roads will be concreted/blacktopped. Soil

binding and fast growing vegetation will be grown within the plant premises to arrest

the soil erosion. Hence, there will not be any impact on the water regime due to

discharge of storm water run-off. Mobile toilets will be provided during construction

stage for construction workers.

4.2.6 Storage of Hazardous Material: Impact & Control Measures

The hazardous materials used during construction may include petrol, diesel, welding

gas and paints, which are potentially hazardous. To mitigate the impact following

measures will be observed:

• Hazardous materials will be stored and handled carefully under applicable safety

guidelines.

• Diesel and other fuels will be stored in separate enclosures;

• Tanks having sufficient diameter shall be separated by fire insulating walls from

other storage tanks; and

• The distance between the storage tanks shall be at least half their height.

4.2.7 Biological Environment

Impact on Ecology

Proposed site of the 1.5 MTPA coal washery is located at uncultivated land surrounded

by some agriculture fields, railway siding and industrial area. The majority of local

vegetation in project site is of seasonal shrubs, herbs and grasses and naturally grown

local tree species. No tree cutting is planned. Plant design is made such that the existing

trees will be protected as it is. Development of green belt around the periphery of the

project site and along the approach road will be taken up during construction phase.

Control Measures for Ecology

Efforts will be made to protect most of the existing trees. Trees will be cut only when

there is no other alternative. Local and fast growing plant species will be planted under

greenbelt development programme to enhance green cover in the area as per CPCB

guidelines.




4.2.8 Socio-economic Environment

Demography and Socio-Economics: Impacts & Mitigation Measures

During construction phase, most of the construction labourers will be employed from

nearby villages. Only skilled & semi-skilled workers, which are not available in nearby

villages, will be brought from outside. The local people will also have indirect

employment opportunities like commercial establishments, small contracts / sub-

contracts and supply of construction materials for buildings and ancillary

infrastructures etc. In addition to the direct employment, indirect employment

opportunities in sectors such as catering, transportation, housing etc. will be generated.

Consequently, this will contribute to economic upliftment of the area.

• Local people will be given preference for employment;

• All the applicable guidelines under the relevant Acts and Rules related to labour

welfare and safety will be implemented during the construction work;

• The contractor shall be advised to provide LPG to the workers to prevent damage to

trees; and

• The construction site will be secured with fencing and will have guarded entry

points.

• Necessary drinking water, safety and sanitation facilities will be provided for the

construction workers at site.

4.3 OPERATION PHASE: ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

For the purpose of impact assessment during the operational phase, the following

environmental components have been considered:

• Climate & Meteorology;

• Ambient Air quality;

• Ambient Noise levels;

• Water resources and quality;

• Land use & Topography;

• Traffic load;

• Demography and socio-economics;

4.3.1 Air Environment

Impacts on Climate & Meteorology

The proposed coal washery project involves only transportation of raw coal from mines

to washery site, physical washing of coal using water and transportation of washed coal

and reject coal to the user industries. There is no combustion process involved in the

project. There will not be any major construction activities involved in the project that




can change the wind pattern. Thus, the proposed project will not cause any changes in

the climate and meteorological aspects of the area.

4.3.2 Impacts on Ambient Air Quality & Proposed Control Measures

The impacts on ambient air quality due to coal washery depend on various factors

involved like transportation of coal from mines, coal handling equipment and

processing of the coal in washery, storage of raw coal, washed coal and rejects, etc. The

severity of impacts on air environment from coal washery projects are governed by

terrain conditions around the project site and the prevailing micro-meteorological

conditions in the project region. Coal washery projects are associated with several

onsite facilities such as, raw coal handling system (unloading), washed coal handling

system (loading) and reject handling system, are the major sources of air pollution.

4.3.2.1 Fugitive Emissions

The impact on air quality from coal washery depends on coal washery technology, its

operation & maintenance as well as transportation of coal. The fugitive emissions of coal

dust would be due to coal handling activities at storage yard, wind erosion, coal

breakers, screens, spillages from conveyor system, loading operation etc. The fugitive

emissions (mainly coal dust) would generally be less in quantity and it would be

released relatively closer to ground level which would cause impacts in the immediate

vicinity to very limited distances (about 1-2 km).

The impacts from various operations involved in the coal washery and proposed

control/mitigation measures are given in flow sheet in Figure 4.1.




FIGURE 4.1: FLOWSHEET SHOWING IMPACTS OF VARIOUS PLANT OPERATIONS

ON AIR QUALITY AND PROPOSED CONTROL/MITIGATION MEASURES

Impacts on Air Quality Control/ Mitigation Measures

ROM Coal transport

Activities

Dust emission, increasein traffic density

Transport through railway wagons uptorailway siding located adjacent to plantpremises / through covered trucks

Coal unloading &Stackyard Dust emission • Fixed sprinklers at railway siding

• Thick green belt along railway siding• Wind break/sheds around stack yard

Loading & Transport ofcoal from railway sidingto ground hopper

Dust emissionSO2, NOx emissions

• Periodic maintenance of vehicles• Water sprinkling during loading• Transport through wheel loaders• Blacktopping of internal roads

Unloading at groundhopper

Dust emission• Provision of enclosure to hopper• Water sprinkling at hopper

Internal transportthrough belt conveyors

Dust emission• Provision of enclosure to conveyors• Water sprinkling at transfer points

Crushing & Screening Dust emission

• Provision of Bag filter to crushers• Provision of enclosure to conveyors• Water sprinkling at transfer points

Coal washingDust emission Wet coal washing process, Suppression

of dust

Stacking of washed coaland rejects

Dust emission• Fixed water sprinklers• Thick green belt/ Wind break/sheds

around stack yard

Loading of washed coal& rejects

Dust emission Closed conveyor system with watersprinkling arrangement

Transport of washedcoal & rejects

Dust emission, increasein traffic density

• Transport mostly through rail mode• Rejects may be transported by road• Use of covered trucks for transport• Periodic maintenance of roads• Periodic maintenance of vehicles• Water sprinkling on transport roads




4.3.2.2 Air Pollution Modeling

A. AERMOD CLOUD Model

The AERMOD Cloud Model provides options to model emissions from a wide range of

sources that might be present at a typical industrial source complex. The model

basically works on Gausian Plume Quation for dispersion of pollutants. Emission

sources are categorized into four basic types of sources, i.e., point sources, volume

sources, area sources, and open pit sources. The volume source option and the area

source option may also be used to simulate line sources. The model assumes receptors

on flat terrain. The model is based on a numerical integration over the area in the

upwind and cross wind directions of Gaussian plume formula. This can be applied to

the Point, Area, Line or Volume sources simultaneously and their resultant incremental

concentration of the pollutant can be predicted.

• Gaussian Plume Model

Ground Level Concentration (χ) from a point source at any receptor is given by (USEPA

ISCST3, 1987).

χ = Qg1g2

where,

g1 = exp(-y2/2σy2)

g2 = exp[-(z-H)2/2σz2] + exp[-(z+H)2/2σz2]

Q = source strength

Z = receptor height above the ground

He = effective stack height (Plume rise + Physical stack height)

u = wind speed at stack level

σy & σz = dispersion parameters

FIGURE 4.2: GAUSSIAN PLUME MODEL

(2 πσyσ zu)




B. Model Setup

The proposed 1.5 MTPA capacity wet coal washery is located in Tadali Village, Tehsil &

District- Chandrapur, Maharashtra State. Daily 5000 tonne raw coal will be processed to

produce approx. 3500 tonne of graded coal (70%) and 1500 tonne of rejects (30%).

The modelling was carried out by AERMOD Cloud Model. Following emission sources

were considered for modelling.

Point Souce Emissions:Number of stacks 1Stack attached to Bag houseSteel Chimney height 30 mBottom diameter 0.7 mTop diameter 0.3 mExit gas temp. 35 °CExit gas velocity 4 m/s

Other fugutive emission sources:1. Coal unloading & loading at railway siding2. Coal unloading at ground hopper3. Coal stack yard4. Coal transport by railway/trucks

C. Air Modelling Results

The AERMOD Cloud model was used to predict the maximum ground level

concentration of PM10 generated due to operations at coal washeries. Point and area

sources resembling the actual sources were fixed. Receptors were fixed at specific

intervals.

The predicted maximum incremental GLC (24-hour average) of PM10 due to operations

at proposed coal washery, as predicted by Air modelling, was observed as 2.86 µg/m³

at 900 m S of the coal washery area. The predicted 24-hourly GLC were added with

baseline air quality monitoring results to predict the post project scenario. The

Predicted ambient air quality values are presented in Table 4.1.




TABLE 4.1: PREDICTED GLC OF PM10 AT AAQ MONITORING STATIONS

From the above table, it can be observed that the predicted concentrations of PM10 in

the study area will remain well within the permissible limits after establishment of the

proposed coal washery. The isopleths showing spatial distribution of PM10 predicted

concentrations are presented in Figure 4.3.

LocationCode

Location

Max.Baseline

conc.µg/m3

Predictedincrementalconc. µg/m3

Totalconc.

µg/m3

NAAQStandard(µg/m3)

A1 Project site 65.2 1.46 66.66 100

A2 Chichala village 56.4 0.29 56.69 100

A3 Goraja village 51.3 1.75 53.05 100

A4 Sonegaon village 55.2 2.04 57.24 100

A5 Tadali village 58.1 0.29 58.39 100

A6 Marodia village 57.4 0.29 57.69 100

A7 Ghuggus village 63.7 0.29 63.99 100

A8 Sakharwahi village 50.7 0.87 51.57 100




FIGURE 4.3 – MAP SHOWING PREDICTED GLCS OF PM10




4.3.2.3 Impacts on traffic density

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. has already established a railway siding

adjacent to the proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery area in Tadali Village, Tehsil & District-

Chandrapur, Maharashtra. Raw coal will be transported from WCL coal mines located in

Chandrapur and Wani area upto the railway siding by railway wagons. From the railway

siding, the coal will be transported upto the raw coal hopper by wheel loaders/trucks.

Occassionaly, ROM coal will be transported from coal mines to the coal washery site by

trucks covered by tarpaulin. The coal washery site is well connected by PWD road from

Chandrapur – Nagpur SH-264. Thus, no significant impact is envisaged on the local

traffic infrastructure.

Wagon Loading Arrangement

Washed coal from the coal washery will be stacked in a bunker. From the bunker, the

coal will be transported by closed belt conveyor to the hopper located near railway

siding. From the hopper, the coal will be loaded into the railway wagons with the help of

belt conveyors.

Railway siding is already established adjacent to the proposed coal washery site. The

washery operation will be maintained in a closed system with a wagon loading

arrangement at the site.

Since most of the raw coal, washed coal and coal rejects will be transported through rail,

no major transportation will take place from public roads. However, occasionally in case

of user industry not connected with rail network, washed coal and rejects will be

transported by road. The transport will take place through PWD road upto State

Highway connecting Chandrapur to Nagpur

Possible Impacts due to increase in traffic density:

• Increase in fugitive dust emissions due to coal transportation vehicles

• Damage to public roads used for coal transport

• Accidents due to collision, falling, etc.

• Inconvenience to other commuters

• Increase in noise levels

4.3.2.4 Air Pollution Control Measures

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. has proposed to adopt wet coal washing

process in the proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery. Hence, no dust emissions are

envisaged from coal washing process. However to control fugitive dust emissions from

coal handling, storage, crushing and transport activities, following control measures will

be adopted:




• Minimise transport of coal through trucks by maximum use of existing own railway

siding of the company.

• Where rail network is not available with the user industry, the coal will be transported

by trucks covered with tarpaulin sheet. Overloading will be strictly prohibited.

• Concreting/blacktopping of internal roads to avoid generation of dust.

• Plantation of tall trees with thick folliage along periphery of the project boundary in

order to arrest dust;

• Permanent water sprinklers at railway sidings where unloading / loading of raw coal

will be carried out. Continuous water sprinkling will be applied to cover railway wagons

width during unloading.

• Provision of fixed water sprinklers at loading / unloading site within the plant.

• Periodic water sprinkling on internal roads.

• The speed of trucks plying on the unpaved roads will be limited to avoid generation of

dust;

• Provision of bag filters of adequate capacity for coal crushers.

• Use of covered conveyors for internal transport of coal.

• Provision of dust extraction / water sprinkling arrangement at all transfer points.

• Dust mask will be provided to the workers. Regular trainings will be imparted to

workers to improve awareness about usage of dust masks.

• Regular maintenance of trucks will be carried out and Pollution Under Control Certificate

(PUC) will be obtained as per Govt. norms for HCV vehicles.

• High polluting vehicles / machinery shall be discarded and replaced with new vehicles /

machinery having improved technology.

• Ground stocks of coal, rejects will be covered with tarpaulin during heavy winds.

• Periodic maintenance of equipments & machinery involved at project site.

• Wagon loading of washed coal through closed conveyor system.

• Periodic monitoring of ambient air quality in plant premises and in nearby villages to

assess efficacy of adopted air pollution control measures and adoption of additional air

pollution control measures, if required.

4.3.2.5 Control Measures for Impacts due to Increase in Traffic

To avoid impact due to increase in traffic density, it is necessary to maximize use of the

existing railway siding to the maximum extent. The project proponent will try to ensure

with Railway Department for regular allocation of necessary railway wagons for

transportation of coal to and from the coal washery.

However, the following preventive measures will have to be adopted to avoid impact

due to occasional increase in traffic density due to coal transportation traffic:

• Transportation of coal only through trucks covered with tarpaulin

• Overloading and over-speeding will be strictly prohibited




• Batch transport of coal to avoid traffic jams.

• Conducting coal transport during day time only.

• Periodic maintenance of public roads used for coal transport

• Periodic water sprinkling on roads used for coal transport

• Plantation along both the sides of PWD road used for coal transport

• Periodic maintenance of vehicles used for transportation of coal

• Provision of speed breakers, traffic signals, etc. at strategic locations

• Posting of Traffic sentries at strategic junctions, near schools, etc.

• Conducting awareness programs for traffic safety

4.3.3 Noise Environment

4.3.3.1 Impacts on Ambient Noise Levels

The noise levels at some locations near heavy machinery such as crushers, screens may

exceed threshold limit value. Exposure to noise levels, above threshold limit value may

have detrimental effect on the workers’ health. The adverse effects of high noise levels

on exposed workers may result in:

• Annoyance;

• Fatigue;

• Temporary shift of threshold limit of hearing;

• Permanent loss of hearing; and

• Hypertension and high blood cholesterol, etc.

Following sources of noise are identified in the proposed coal washery project:

• Internal transport of coal by trucks;

• Loading & unloading activities;

• Operation of conveyors;

• Crushers & Screens

• DG Sets (Occasional)

Noise will be mainly generated from crushing and screening operations in the coal

washery. Other noise sources includes loading of coal with wheel loader, internal

transport of coal through trucks, noise from belt conveyors and noise from DG sets, in

case of power failure. Noise modelling has been carried out to estimate impacts on

ambient noise levels due to operation of the proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery. The

expected noise levels of individual sources in the proposed coal washery project are

given in Table 4.2.




TABLE 4.2: EXPECTED SOURCE NOISE LEVELS

Equipment’s considered for Modelling Expected Source Noise Levels dB(A)

Rotary Breakers (1) 90

Crusher (1) 95

Screens (6) 90

Cyclones (3) 75

Hoppers (1) 80

Bag Filters ID Fans (1) 75

For predicting the impacts on ambient noise levels, 'DHWANI' Noise model, developed

by NEERI was used. The location of various noise sources along with their noise levels

were used to plot the predicted noise isolines around the plant premises.

The software basically works on the concept of reduction in the sound pressure level

over distance travelled which is given by a mathematical equation No. 1 as mentioned

below. The summation of different resultant noise levels at receptors are carried out by

mathematical equation No. 2 as given below:

L2= L1-20 log10 (R2/R1) -----------------------(1)

Where L1dB(A) = Noise level at a distance R1(m)

L2 dB(A) = Noise level at a distance R2 (m)

&

L = 10 log10(10L1

/10+ 10L2

/10+ ----------- + 10Ln/10) ---------------------(2)

Where L1, L2 and Ln are noise level dB(A)

The resultant predicted noise levels are demarcated in the form of Noise isolines and

are superimposed on the map of the area. The resultant predicted noise isolines are

shown in Figure 4.4.




FIGURE 4.4: PREDICTED NOISE ISOLINES DUE TO PROPOSED COAL WASHERY

From the modeling results, it was observed that the resultant noise levels at the plant

boundary was about 65 dB(A), which will further reduce over short distance. The

resultant noise levels due to plant operations at the nearest habitation i.e. Sakharwahi

village was about 45 dB(A). Thus, it could be seen that no significant impact will take

place on the ambient noise levels due to the proposed coal washery project. From the

figure, it can be seen that the ambient noise levels (day time and night time) will remain

within permissible limits during the plant operation stage.

Also, it is necessary to mention here that the model does not take into account the

reduction in noise levels due to various natural / artificial barriers such as trees, walls,

buildings, elevated topography, etc., encountered in the path. Thus, the actual resultant

noise levels at the receptors will be much lesser than that predicted by the model.




4.3.3.2 Proposed Noise Control Measures

The following control measures will be adopted to keep the ambient noise levels well

below the permissible limits:

• Provision of noise attenuation measures during Design and layout of building;

• Use of lagging with attenuation properties on plant components / installation of

sound attenuation panels around the equipment;

• All the design/installation precautions as specified by the manufacturers with

respect to noise control shall be strictly adhered to;

• Provision of acoustic enclosures to stationary equipment like crushers & screens,

DG sets, etc.;

• Provision of enclosures to conveyor belts;

• Periodic maintenance of equipment and machinery;

• Provision of sound proof cabins to wheel loaders & other HEMMs;

• Provision of ear muffs/ear plugs to workers exposed to high noise generating

areas;

• Job rotation for workers working in high noise generating areas;

• Development of thick green belt around plant boundary and within plant

premises covering about 35% of the plant area. This will act as a noise barrier

and will help in attenuating noise levels;

• Regulating speed of transportation vehicles to below 40 KMPH to minimize noise

from coal transportation traffic;

• Periodical monitoring of noise in the plant premises and in nearby villages;

4.3.3.3 Proposed Vibration Control Measures

The following control measures will be adopted to minimize the vibrations and to

control the impacts on the plant workers and drivers engaged in coal transportation:

• Provision of vibration isolation platforms to all vibrating machineries;

• Select work equipment of appropriate ergonomic design (newer, better designed

machinery often emits significantly lower levels of vibration);

• Appropriate maintenance program (worn parts or loose components will

significantly increase vibration levels, also encourage employees to report

unusually high vibration levels);

• Design and layout of workplaces (use balancers to help support equipment so it

does have to be held so tightly);

• Suitable and periodic information and training for employees;

• Limitation of the duration and magnitude of exposure;

• Appropriate work schedules with adequate rest periods;

• Protect employees from cold and damp;

• Provision of Vibration controlling Driving seats to all HEMM and Transport

vehicles;




• Training & awareness programs for drivers and operators;

• Regular maintenance of internal roads and transport vehicles;

4.3.4 Water Environment

4.3.4.1 Impacts on Water Resources

There is no surface water stream flowing within or adjacent to the applied project site.

At present, the surface run-off from the applied project area flows along the natural

slope of the area and joins seasonal streams flowing outside the project site. Wardha

river, Erai River and Sarai nala forms the major drainage of the study area. Erai river

(9.30 km E) flows from North to south and joins Wardha river(6.0 km W) at about 20

km SE of the project area. Tadali lake (4.0 km NE) is another major surface water body

in the study area. Sarai nala (3.5 km SW) and Kantiya Nala (8.7 km NE) are seasonal

surface water bodies in the study area.

About 386 m3/day make up water is required for industrial and domestic purposes

during the operation phase of the proposed coal washery project. The water

requirement will be fulfilled from ground water. NOC from CGWA will be obtained

before start of coal washery operations. Rainwater harvesting will be carried out in the

coal washery plant and the harvested rainwater will be used in coal washing process to

the extent possible.

Applied project area falls in safe zone for ground water drawal. However, if adequate

control measures are not adopted, the ground water draft for industrial and domestic

use may result in fall in the ground water levels. As such, the open wells/ bore wells in

the nearby villages may become dry during summer months and there may be shortage

of ground water for the other users.

4.3.4.2 Impacts on Water Quality

The potential sources of wastewater / effluent generation in the proposed coal washery

project along with the estimated quantities (peak) are calculated and given in Table

4.3.

TABLE 4.3: ESTIMATION OF WASTEWATER GENERATION

Sr. No. Type of wastewater Max. Quantity (m3/day)

1 Storm water run-off carrying coal particles & silt 1250*

2 Coal washery effluent 6412.5

3 Domestic effluent from plant premises 2.5

Total 7665

* Average max. runoff during monsoon in a day over total plant area of 7.5 Ha

These effluents / wastewater, if discharged into surface streams / land, will cause

significant pollution of the receiving water bodies / land surfaces. Silt and coal particles




carried away with the effluent / process wastewater, will cause increase in the

suspended particulate load in the receiving surface water bodies. This will make the

water unfit for use for domestic or irrigation purposes. Insignificant quantity of

workshop effluent (wash water from workshop floor) will be generated. This effluent, if

discharged untreated, may contaminate the land and/or surface water resources.

However provision will be made to collect the effluent generated in the settling tank to

get settle the particulates and recycled for the washery process, sprinkling and also

greenbelt plantation purposes. Coal as well as associated waste material does not

contain any toxic elements in it. Hence, there is no possibility of contamination of

ground water resources due to the percolation of water from coal stack yards.

However, contamination of ground water may occur, if there are leakages of oil and

grease from the storage area / washery sections, if necessary protection measures are

not adopted.

4.3.4.3 Conservation Measures for Water Resources

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will implement ‘Zero Effluent Discharge’

system. Entire waste water after treatment will be re circulated in process by close

circuit system. For domestic waste water treatment, package type of STP is proposed.

This will drastically reduce the fresh water requirement in the plant and will also

protect the water quality of surface water resources flowing outside the plant area. The

water balance for the project is shown in Figure 4.5.

FIGURE 4.5: WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM

Make up water : 386 KLDSource: Ground water

Coal washing6750 KLD

Dust Suppression30 KLD

Plantation15 KLD

Domestic Use3 KLD

Package TypeSTP

Treated water from Thickeners6412 KLD

Thickeners

3 KLD15 KLD30 KLD338 KLD

6412 KLD

Evaporation Losses

2.5 KLD

6412 KLD




Apart from this, M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will also implement

rainwater harvesting measures in the plant premises. This will involve collection of the

storm water run-off from the plant premises to a settling tank and use of the properly

settled water in coal washing process, dust suppression and plantation in the plant

premises.

Calculations of storm water generation from the plant premises:

Average annual rainfall in the area

(Source: IMD, Champa)

1250 mm

Plant area 7.5 Ha

Coefficient of run off 0.7

Total annual surface runoff potential 65,625 cu.m.

The storm water run-off from the plant area will be collected in a settling tank through a

network of storm water drains. The accumulated water will be allowed to settle in the

tank and the properly settled water will be used for coal washing process, dust

suppression and plantation in the plant premises, thereby reducing the fresh water

requirement in the plant. In addition percolation pits will be designed all along the

boundary of the plant which will help in recharging groundwater.

Calculations for Settling Tanks dimensions:

Maximum daily storm water run-off ~1250 cu.m.

No. of settling tanks in series 3

Area of each settling tank 500 sq. m.

Dimensions of each tank 10m x 10m x 5 m

Rainwater Harvesting in nearby villages

Apart from the rainwater harvesting measures proposed within the plant premises, M/s

Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will also construct some roof top rainwater

harvesting structures in the public buildings in the nearby villages. The rain water

collected from the roof tops of the public buildings will be passed to ground recharge

pit. This will help in improving the ground water status of the area. Also, the company

will take up village pond de-sliming and cleaning activities under its CSR programme.

This will also help in increasing rainwater storage potential in the ponds and will also

improve the ground water recharge. A schematic diagram of typical rainwater

harvesting (ground recharge) pit proposed to be implemented in the nearby villages is

shown in Figure 4.6.




FIGURE 4.6: SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF RAINWATER HARVESTING PIT

4.3.4.4 Proposed Water Pollution Control Measures

It is proposed to operate the coal washery plant on 'Zero Effluent Discharge' principal.

Thus, all the effluent generated from the plant will be treated, recycled and reused or

discharged within the plant premises only.

Fine coal slurry from the coal washery collected in the fine coal tank will be pumped

into a set of classifying cyclone. The underflow of classifying cyclone will be dewatered

in Hi Frequency screen while the overflow from cyclone will be fed to a Hi-rate

Thickener. Thickened slurry from thickener will be dewatered in a Multi Roll Belt Press

filter. Anionic and Cationic Flocculants will be used in thickener and Belt Press to

facilitate settling and dewatering process. The treated water will be recycled and reused

in the coal washing process.

Domestic discharge from rest shelters, canteens and toilets will be channelized through

proper sewage drains treated in package type STP.

Storm water run-off from the plant area will be collected in a series of settling tanks and

will be utilized for coal washing, dust suppression and plantation. Wash water from




workshop will be treated in oil & grease traps and treated water will be used for

sprinkling at coal stack yard.

Recovery of Heavy Media:

The magnetite with correct density, from the D & R screen for clean and rejects will be

fed to the correct/Heavy –media sump from where, it will be pumped for reuse. The

dilute media from the D & R screen will be fed to the diluted media sump from where it

will be pumped to a magnetic separator. Process effluent will be pumped to a thickener

to recover process water and thicken the slurry.

4.3.5 Land Environment

4.3.5.1 Impacts on Land use Pattern

The proposed coal washery project will be located in 7.5 Ha area. The land is already

owned by M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. and comprise of uncultivated land.

The existing land use of the core zone will be changed into industrial area due to set up

of coal washery. The proposed land utilization pattern of the coal washery project is

given in Table 4.4.

Out of total 7.5 Ha area, plant will be established in 2.25 Ha area, green belt and

plantation will cover 2.6 Ha area, coal storage and reject disposal will be carried out in

1.05 Ha area and raw water reservoir& RWH structure will be provided in 1.2 Ha area.

Thus, entire land use pattern of the core zone will be changed. All the project activities

will be restricted within the plant premises and there will not be any change in the land

use pattern outside the plant area. The private railway siding of the company, located

adjacent to the project site, will be used for supplying raw coal and transport of washed

coal from the washery.

However, due to establishment of the coal washery project, some ancillary businesses

like garages, hotels, housing facilities, lodges, etc may be developed in the vicinity of the

project. This may result in the change in the existing land use pattern in the buffer zone.

TABLE 4.4: PROPOSED LAND USE OF COAL WASHERY AREA

Sr. No. Description Area (in Ha) %

1 Washery plant 2.25 30.002 Coal Storage yard 0.7 9.333 Reject storage yard 0.35 4.674 Greenbelt & Plantation area 2.6 34.675 Water reservoir & Rainwater harvesting area 1.2 16.006 Office building and rest shelters 0.4 5.33

Total 7.50 100.0




4.3.5.2 Mitigation measures for Land Environment

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. has proposed to develop green belt and

plantation in 2.6 Ha of the plant area. This will help in improving the aesthetic appeal of

the area. Following control measures will be adopted to minimize impacts on the land

environment.

• Green belt development and related activities will be taken up during construction

stage so that plantation grows to adequate height by the time of plant

commissioning. Thus, green belt will be effective in containing the soil stabilization;

• Entire plant area will be aesthetically landscaped and natural gradient will be

maintained as much as feasible;

• Stacking of raw coal, washed coal and coal rejects will be carried out at designated

areas within the plant premises. No coal stacking will be carried out outside the

plant premises (excluding at railway siding).

• Internal roads will be cemented / black topped and maintained periodically.

• Plantation will be developed along the PWD roads used for coal transport.

• Suitable air pollution control measures will be adopted, as suggested in previous

paragraph, to control dust emission and deposition on the agriculture crops / land

surrounding the plant premises.

• No effluent will be discharged outside the plant premises on any land or in any

water body.

4.3.6 Solid Waste Generation & Its Management

4.3.6.1 Solid Waste Generation

It is proposed to wash 1.5 Million tonnes of raw coal in the proposed coal washery

project. During the plant operation phase, solid wastes will be generated from various

plant operations. The types of solid waste and their estimated quantities are given in

Table 4.5.

TABLE 4.5: SOLID WASTE GENERATION

Sr. No. Type of solid waste Estimated daily

Quantity

Estimated annual

quantity

1 Reject coal 1470 tonnes per day 0.441 MTPA

2 Sludge from thickener 2.5 TPD 750 tonnes per annum

3. Spent oil & Grease 0.5 kg/day ~ 150 kg per annum

4. Damaged/worn out

machine parts

- ~ 3 TPA

5. Domestic waste 5 kg per day 1500 kg per annum




The characteristics and quantum of raw coal used in the washery, washed coal and

washery rejects generation are given in Table 4.6.

TABLE 4.6: CHARACTERISTICS & QUANTUM OF ROM COAL, WASHED COAL & COAL

WASHERY REJECTS

Sr. No. Parameters ROM Coal Washed Coal Rejects

1 Ash % 40 30 64.01

2 Moisture % 1 4.8 8.9

3 Sulphur % 0.4-0.5 0.3-0.4 0.4-0.6

4 GCV (Kcal/Kg) 3800 - 4300 5089-5600 2200-2800

5 Yield % 100 70.6 29.4

6 Quantity (TPA) 1,500,000 1,059,000 441,000

The generated solid wastes, if not treated or disposed scientifically, may cause harm to

the surrounding environment. Also, additional land is required for proper storage,

treatment or disposal of the solid wastes generated from the plant.

The solid wastes may cause air pollution due to dust emissions, odor generation, water

pollution due to silt wash off, contamination of ground water, land degradation, etc.

4.3.6.2 Solid Waste Management

Washery Reject Coal

Washery reject coal will be sold to nearby CFBC based thermal power plants and

cement plants and Brick kiln operators. There is a good demand for washery reject coal

and as such, entire washery rejects will be sold out. Thus, there will not be any coal

rejects storage or disposal required from the proposed coal washery.

Sludge from thickener

Thickener sludge will be mixed with washery reject coal and will be dispatched to the

user industries. Hence, there will not be any storage or disposal required for the

thickener sludge.

Spent Oil & Grease

Spent oil and grease will be generated from routine maintenance of machinery and

equipments. The oil and grease will be collected and stored in leak proof containers in

store rooms with concrete floorings. This will be sold to the CPCB/MPCB authorized

recycling vendors periodically.




Damaged / worn out machine parts:

The damaged /worn out machine parts will be collected and stored in shed on concrete

flooring. These parts will be returned to the manufacturing company or will be sold to

the authorised recycling vendors.

Domestic Solid Wastes

There will be about 5 kg/day domestic solid waste generation from the plant

comprising inorganic materials like broken glasses, drums, papers, polythene bags, etc.

including the food waste from canteen as organics. The organic and inorganic wastes

will be segregated at site itself. Organics will be processed in bio-composter and the

compost will be used as manure for plantation in green belt area. The inorganic waste

material will be sold to authorised vendors.


4.3.7.1 Impacts on Biological Environment

Impact on terrestrial Flora

Based on past experience, dust deposition on leaf lamina will takes place on nearby

vegetation, which may results in decline the rate of photosynthesis and retards the plant

growth.

Impact on Wildlife

• There is no forest land, National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary and Biosphere Reserve

within 10 km radius of the project site.

• No rare, endemic & endangered species are reported in the buffer zone.

• Noise generated due to the plant operations may drive away wild animals.

• Fencing around the entire proposed coal washery will be carried out in order to

restrict the entry of stray animals

• Green belt development will be carried out which will help in minimizing sound

level arising from the coal washery operation.

Impact on Agriculture/ Crop Productivity within Study Area

Agricultural crops may be affected when exposed to high concentrations of various air

pollutants especially particulate matter (dust) & SO2. This may result in crop damage

and loss in agriculture produce to the nearby farmers.

4.3.7.2 Biological Environment Conservation Measures

Measures for Minimizing Impact on Flora

Dust issues are mainly raised in the area due to kuchha road, cumulative fugitive dust

emissions by plant operation and coal transportation activities. To mitigate the impact,




adequate air pollution control measures, as suggested in previous paragraphs, will be

implemented.

Control Measures to avoid impacts on agriculture crops:

1. Maximise coal transportation through rail mode.

2. Periodic maintenance of coal transport road in collaboration with PWD

3. Regular water sprinkling on PWD road used for coal transport.

4. Covered coal Transport system

5. Monitoring of dust fall at agriculture land located nearby the coal washery

Apart from the above, monitoring will be carried out by Environmental Cell of the

company to assess effectiveness of the dust control system and complaints of farmers

regarding impact on crop productivity/damage, if any. The complaints will be verified

through agriculture departments and if found correct, crop damage compensation will

be paid as per the suggestion and recommendation of District agriculture department.

Green Belt Development

A thick Green Belt will be developed along the plant boundary. Selection of tree species

will be based on the following:

• Fast growing

• Local species with thick folliage cover

• Resistant to high levels of dust.

• Perennial and evergreen plants with survival rate of more than 75%

The green area within the project site includes area around the administrative building,

around plant building, along the internal roads, lawn area and along project boundary.

Proposed Plantation Programm (Area in sq. mt.)

• Total Area 7.5 Ha

• Area under Plantation: 2.6Ha. (35%)

• Plantation@ 2500 Plants/ Ha. = 6500 Plants

TABLE 4.7: PROPOSED PLANTATION PROGRAM IN THE COAL WASHERY AREA

Year Area

in Ha

No. of

Saplings

Cost (Rs.

Lakh)

Location

1 1.0 2500 1.25 Plant boundary, lawn area, Along

internal roads, railway siding

2 1.0 2500 1.25 Around office building and plant

building

3 0.6 1500 0.75 Open spaces, around coal stack yard,

etc.

Total 2.60 6500 3.25




Apart from the above, about 2500 saplings will be planted in 1st year along the PWD

road used for coal transport.

TABLE 4.8: RECOMMENDED SPECIES FOR PLANTATION

Scientific Name Common NameAegle marmelos BelAnnona squamosa SitaphalAzadirachta indica NeemBauhinia variagata KachnarBougainvillea spectabillis BougainvillaButea monosperma PalashCassia fistula AmaltasDelbergia latifolia ShishamDelonix regia GulmoharEmblica officinalis AmlaFicus religiosa PeepalMadhuca indica MahuaPongamia pinnata KaranjTerminalia arjuna ArjunZizyphus jujube Ber

4.3.8 Socio-Economic Environment

4.3.8.1 Impacts on Socio-economic Environment

Rehabilitation & Resettlement Issues:

Land for the proposed coal washery is already owned by M/s Vimla Infrastructure

(India) Pvt. Ltd.. There is no additional land requirement for the project. Also, there is

no household in the proposed coal washery area. Hence, there is no rehabilitation and

resettlement involved in the project.

Employment opportunities

The local population is mostly engaged in agriculture and related works. Some of the

workers are employed in industries located in MIDC Tadali Industrial area. Some other

workers go to nearby coal mines in Chandrapur and Wani Area or other jobs in

Chandrapur city for working in other industries / occupations. The proposed coal

washery will require about 45 workers as direct employees during operation phase

while 50 persons will get employment during construction phase. This will provide

employment opportunities to the local people as most of the workers will be recruited

from nearby villages. Only skilled and managerial staff, which are generally not

available in the rural areas, will be recruited from outside. Apart from the direct

employment, secondary employment opportunities will also be generated in sectors like




contractual works, coal transport, business opportunities like shops, garages, hotels,

rented accommodation, etc.

Thus, secondary employment is expected to be generated for more than 100 local

persons. This will improve the economic status of the local population.

Population Growth

This project will not have any significant impact on the population growth. Direct and

indirect employment will be available to local population. Preference will be given to

local unemployed youth for employment during construction and operation phase of

project depending upon their suitability and skill which will enhance substantially of

income and quality of life of the people. Furthermore influx of the people in the area

after the completion of the project will increase the population of the area.

Even though preference in employment will be given to local workers, migrant workers

from different cultural background are likely to be hired to perform specialized works

whose skills are not available in the local pool. The presence of migrant workers from

different cultural backgrounds can occurred at some extent.

Impact on road infrastructure

Existing PWD roads are in good conditions. M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.

will take up periodic maintenance of roads used for coal transport, in association with

PWD.

Impact on transport infrastructure

Most of the raw coal and washed coal and rejects will be transported through rail mode.

Only in absence of rail network with user industry, coal will be occassionaly transported

by trucks. Therefore road accidents, dust nuisance can happen. It may affect the health

status of the villagers.

Infrastructure Facilities

Proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery is proposed to be established adjacent to the existing

railway siding of the company in Tadali village. Infrastructure facilties like dedicated

railway siding, road, electricity, etc. are already available at the site. Since the project

site is located near MIDC Tadali Industrial area, necessary basic infrastructure facilities

like roads, rail, electricity, communication facilities, etc. are already available nearby the

project site. Chandrapur city is located at about 15 km from the project site and all the

facilities like schools, colleges, hospitals, markets, etc. facilities are available in the city.

Existing private railway siding of the company will be used for transport of raw coal,

washed coal and rejects. The existing roads will be used for occasional transportation of

raw coal & coal rejects. Also manpower transport for the coal washery will be through




the existing roads. M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will ensure strengthening

and periodic maintenance of the roads used for coal and manpower transportation.

Public Health Impacts

There is no village habitation in or adjacent to the proposed coal washery. The nearest

village habitation is located in Sakharwahi village at 1.5 km NNW. As observed from the

modeling results, the dust emissions and noise from the coal washery project will not

cause any significant impact on the ambient air quality and ambient noise levels in the

surrounding villages. The plant will be operated on 'Zero Effluent Discharge' principle.

Thus, there will not be any effluent discharge from the plant, thereby avoiding pollution

of surface and ground water resources in the area.

4.3.8.2 Proposed Socio-economic Improvement Measures

The project is expected to contribute towards improvement in standard of living of local

people and improvement in quality of life. In order to mitigate the adverse impact likely

to arise in social, cultural and economical aspects in the surrounding region, the

following measures are proposed to be adopted:

Adoption of proper pollution control devices for the different component of

environment such as water, air, soil etc. which directly or indirectly are the source of

degradation of human living condition

Ensure that roads are properly maintained, demarcated with proper labels/

posters/ signboards, vehicles are well maintained and drivers are well trained and

safety conscious

Provide job opportunities to local population

Ensure regular medical camps for local population health check up

Regular meetings with village leaders/villagers to understand their concerns

Corporate Social Responsibility

Under the Corporate Social Responsibility of the company, M/s Vimla Infrastructure

(India) Pvt. Ltd. will take up various socio-economic development programmes in the

nearby villages. The proposed CSR activities will include the following:

• Priority to local people in employment in the plant as per their eligibility

• Formation of Self Help groups (SHG) for women in nearby villages and providing

necessary information and assistance in operation of the group.

• Providing assistance for technical education / training to interested unemployed

village youth for self employment

• Strengthening and periodic maintenance of village roads

• Provision of solar street lamps on village roads

• Construction of toilets in nearby village schools under ‘Swachha Bharat Abhiyan’.

• Plantation along village roads through SHGs.

• Provision of drinking water facilities through construction of bore wells / dug wells




• Construction of rainwater harvesting structures in public buildings in nearby

villages

• Improvement in irrigation facilities by de-silting / deepening of existing village

ponds

• Distribution of seeds, fertilizers, manures to needy farmers

• Donation of furniture, laboratory equipments, computers, books, etc to village

schools

• Distribution of uniforms, stationary & books to needy students in nearby villages

• Conducting sports, cultural events in the nearby villages

• Conducting awareness programs for addiction control, education, health and

sanitation, malaria eradication, etc.

• Conducting periodic medical camps in nearby villages

• Ambulance facility at the plant will be made available to nearby villagers in case of

emergency.

4.3.8.3 Proposed measures for minimizing impacts on Public Health

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will adopt adequate pollution control

measures in the proposed coal washery project to control the pollution load within

permissible limits. Following pollution control measures will be adopted:

• Provision of bag house, water sprinklers, enclosures, plantation etc. to control dust

emission from coal washery and transport activities

• Periodic maintenance of internal roads and roads used for occasional coal transport

• Provisions of silencers, enclosures and green belt to control noise

• Practice of 'Zero Effluent Discharge' to avoid contamination of surface water

resources.

• All the process effluent will be treated and reused in coal washing process.

• Domestic effluent from plant will be treated in package type STP.

• Conducting periodic medical camps in nearby villages and provision of free health

check ups and medicine facilities in these camps.

• Conducting awareness programs on health & hygiene, safety and environment in

nearby villages.

• Conducting periodic environmental monitoring in nearby villages.

4.3.9 Occupational Health & Safety

In order to evaluate the impacts from proposed coal washery project activities on health

of workers, baseline health studies will be conducted on every worker before joining

their duties.




4.3.9.1 Medical Surveillance and Examinations

• Identifying workers with conditions that may be aggravated by exposure to dust

& noise and establishing baseline status for determining changes in health

• Evaluating the effect of dust and noise on workers

• Enabling corrective action to be taken when necessary

• providing health education and awareness

The medical surveillance program will consist of the following:

• Pre-employment medical examinations

• Periodic medical examinations

• Health & Safety awareness and training

• Record keeping

History:

The initial medical and occupational history cover previous exposure to dust, personal

habits (e.g. smoking, etc.) and history of present or past respiratory disorders

(particularly tuberculosis).

Occupational Health Monitoring

All the employees in the plant will be subjected to pre-employment & periodic medical

examination to assess the occupational health impacts. The tests will be conducted as

per Form O as given in the Mines Rules, 1955 for the following parameters:

1. Height & weight 2. Eyes

3. Ears 4. Respiratory Systems

5. Circulatory Systems 6. Abdomen

7. Nervous systems 8. Locomotory systems

9. Skin 10. Hydrocele

11. Hernia 12. Any other abnormality

13. Urine tests 14. Skiagram of chest

15. Complete Blood picture 16. Any other test considered by the

Committee Doctor

Based on the medical findings, the worker will be placed for appropriate jobs and

necessary safety training will be provided.

4.3.9.2 Awareness and Training Program

All workers will be subjected to pre-employment and periodic awareness program on

health and safety issues of coal washery and related activities. They would also be

imparted with proper training and would be made to understand the health impacts of

inhaling high concentration of dust laden air. All the workers will also be provided

training in first aid.




• Holders of first aid certificate will be given refresher training once in two years

• Rescue trained person will acquire highest standards of proficiency in first aid

• Ambulance van will be provided fully equipped with lifesaving drugs, medicines

and appliances needed in emergency

Record keeping

A Registered Medical Practitioner (Doctor) will be appointed for examining the

workers. All the health records of the workers will be maintained in separate file in site

office and the records will be regularly updated.

Implementation of OH&S

For implementation of Occupational Health & Safety in the coal washery project, a safety

committee will be formed. The hierarchy of the committee and responsibilities of

individual members will be as follows:

OH & S Committee & its responsibilities

Sr. No. Designation Responsibility

1. Project Head Overall responsibility of Occupational Health & Safety in the

plant area

2. Plant Manager Adherence to OH&S guidelines and provision of training and

conducting awareness programs

3. EH&S

Manager

Assisting plant manager in ensuring Occupational Health,

Safety and environmental compliance

4. Doctor Pre-employment and periodic examination / health checkup

and updating the records, provision of first aid training.


CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES



5.1 SITE ALTERNATIVES

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. is operating a private railway siding at Village

Tadali, Tehsil & District Chandrapur, Maharashtra. Looking at the prospective of

demand for washed coal, availability of raw coal in the vicinity and availability of own

railway siding, M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd, has decided to venture into

Coal Washery business. For this, the company proposed to establish a 1.5 MTPA coal

washery adjacent to their existing railway siding at Tadali village, Tehsil & District –

Chandrapur, Maharashtra state.

Since own private land adjacent to the railway siding of the company is available for

coal washery project, and the coal mines of WCL are located at short distance, no site

alternatives were considered.

5.2 TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES

In the coal washing process, there are various technologies available in India. The major

technologies are discussed in brief in the following paragraphs:

5.2.1 Jigs

The methods operate by differences in specific gravity. Jigs rely on stratification in a bed

of coal when the carrying water is pulsed. The shale tends to sink, and the cleaner coal

rises. The basic jig is suitable for larger feed sizes. Although the Baum jig can clean a

wide range of coal sizes, it is most effective at 10-35 mm. A modification of the Baum jig

is the Batac jig, which is used for cleaning fine coals. The coal is stratified by bubbling air

directly through the coal-water-refuse mixture in this cleaning unit.

For intermediate sizes the same principles are applied, although the pulsing may be

from the side or from under the bed. In addition, a bed or hard dense mineral is used to

enhance the stratification and prevent remixing. The mineral is usually feldspar,

consisting of lumps of silicates of about 60mm size. Jigs offer cost effective technology

with a clean coal yield of 75-85% at about 34% ash content. The jigs are used more

frequently than dense-medium vessels because of their larger capacities and cheaper

costs.

5.2.2 Dense Medium Separators

Dense-medium vessels also operate by specific gravity difference; however rather than

using water as the separation medium, a suspension of magnetite and water is used.

This suspension has a specific gravity between that of coal and the refuse and a better

separation can be obtained. The slurry of fine magnetite in water can achieve relative




densities up to about 1.8. Different types of vessels are used for dense-medium

separators such as baths, cyclones and cylindrical centrifugal separators. For larger

particle sizes, various kinds of baths are used, but these require a substantial quantity of

dense- medium, and therefore of magnetite. For smaller sizes, cyclones are used where

the residence time is short and throughput relatively high. Cylindrical centrifugal

separators are used for coarse and intermediate coal.

Dense-medium cyclones clean coal by accelerating the dense-medium, coal and refuse

by centrifugal force. The coal exits the cyclones from the top and the refuse from the

bottom. Better separation of smaller-sized coals can be achieved by this method.

Key factors in the operation of any dense-medium system based on magnetite are the

control equipment and the efficiency of magnetic recovery for recycle. There can be a

build-up of other minerals in the medium, making control more difficult.

5.2.3 Hydro-cyclone

Hydro-cyclones are water-based cyclones where the heavier particles accumulate near

the walls and are removed via the base cone. Lighter (cleaner) particles stay nearer the

center and are removed at the top via the vortex finder. The cyclones diameter has a

significant influence on the sharpness of separation.

5.2.4 Concentration Tables

Concentration tables are tilted and ribbed and they move back and forth in a horizontal

direction. The lighter coal particles to the bottom of the table while the heavier refuse

particles are collected in the ribs and are carried to the end of the table. Fine coal can be

cleaned inexpensively with this unit, however, the capacity is quite small and they are

only effective on particles with specific gravities greater than 1.5.

5.2.5 Froth Flotation

Froth flotation is the most widely used method for cleaning fines. Froth flotation cells

utilize the difference in surface characteristics of coal and refuse to clean ultra fine coal.

The coal-water mixture is conditioned with chemical reagents so that air bubbles will

adhere only to the coal and float it to the top, while the refuse particles sink. Air is

bubbled up through the slurry in the cell and clean coal is collected in the froth that

forms the top. This type of cleaning is very complex and expensive and is principally

used for metallurgical coals. One of the commonest steps to improve the performance of

a flotation unit is to separate the pyrite at an earlier stage using cyclones, spirals or

tables.

5.2.6 Dry Cleaning

The dry coal preparation technique uses an air dense fluidized bed, which makes use of

the character of an air-solid fluidized bed-like liquid. The uniform and stable air-solid




suspension is formed, which processes a certain density; light and heavy feed is

separated by density in suspension. The low-density materials float up to the top and

the high-density materials sink down to the bottom. Two qualified products are

obtained after separating and removing the magnetic. The separator is comprised of an

air chamber, an air distributor, a separating vessel as well as a transportation scraper.

In the separating process, the screened (6-50mm) coal and dense medium are fed into

the separator, the compressed air from an air receiver is provided to the air chamber,

and then uniformly to the distributor which fluidize the denser-medium. The

comparative stable fluidized air-solid suspension, which processes a certain density, is

formed under certain technical conditions. The feed is stratified and separated

according to its density. The separated materials are transported in counter flow. The

floated light product such as clean coal is discharged to the one end, and the sunken

heavy product to the other end.

The comparison of different coal washing technologies and their applicability is given in

Table 5.1.

TABLE 5.1: COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT COAL WASHING TECHNOLOGIES

Methods Jigs Dense-

medium

separators

Hydro

cyclones

Concentration Froth

flotation

Dry

cleaning

State of

technology

Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial

Advantages Large

capacity

Inexpensive

Common

type world-

wide usage

Good

separation

Second

most

common-

method

— Inexpensive Good results

on fines

No water

required

Dis-

advantages

Lower

separation

than dense-

medium

Small

capacities

Water

consumption

Quite small

capacities;

10-15 tones/h

Complex Poor

pyrite

separation

Poor

dewatering

characteristics

Not for

difficult to

clean coal

Costs Inexpensive Expensive — Inexpensive Expensive Lower than

wet

processes




Methods Jigs Dense-

medium

separators

Hydro

cyclones

Concentration Froth

flotation

Dry

cleaning

Suitability Intermediate

efficiency

device. For

moderately

difficult to

clean coal

Specific

gravity >

1.5-1.6,

Size: 0.5-

150mm

For difficult

or most

difficult

coal to

clean

Specific

gravity >

1.3-1.9

Size: 0.5-

150 mm

For coarse to

intermediate

particles

Size: 0.5-

150mm Size:

0.0-15mm

Used for fine

coal containing

a great deal of

pyrite

Specific gravity

> 1.5

Used for fines

mainly used

for

metallurgical

coals

Size: <0.5mm

Requires

easy coal

Size: >

100mm

Rough

separation

For coal

tending to

form slimes

in wet

processes

Selected Technology:

In the proposed coal washery project, it is proposed to adopt Heavy Media Separation

technology for the following advantages:

• Proven and widely used technology

• Suitable for difficult coals

• Offers good separation

• Low air emissions due to wet process

• Coal washery rejects will be supplied to CFBC power plants. Thus, practically

zero solid waste generation.

• Use of thickeners & belt press technology to recover maximum amount of water

from washed coal & rejects. The recovered water will be recycled and reused in

the coal washing process.


CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME



6.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the details of environmental monitoring schedule, institutional

arrangements for pollution control and cost for environmental monitoring program for


6.1.1 Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures

Environmental monitoring is a continuous process, that is carried out to assess the

efficacy of the pollution control measures adopted in the project. Regular environmental

monitoring will be carried out for the coal washery project during the project operation

phase. The mitigation measures suggested in Chapter-4 will be implemented so as to

minimize the impact on environment due to the operations of the proposed coal

washery project. In order to facilitate easy implementation of mitigation measures,

these are phased as per the priority implementation as given in Table 6.1.

TABLE 6.1: IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE FOR MITIGATION MEASURES

Sr.

No.

Mitigation

Measures

Implementation time Schedule

1 Air pollution

control measures

From construction

phase till life of the

washery.

Periodic water sprinkling

arrangement, plantation in

washery area from start of

construction phase.

2 Water pollution

control measures

Continuous from

construction phase till

life of the washery.

From start of construction phase

for washery.

3 Noise control

measures

From construction

phase till life of the

washery.

Noise control equipment will

mostly form integral part of

machines and equipment,

wherever feasible. Ear Plugs/ear

muffs will be provided to all

workers exposed to high noise

generating operations during

construction and operation

phases.

4 Ecological

conservation and

up gradation

Plantation has been

carried out along the

boundary. Immediate

plantation activities

will be taken up in

green belt area from

From start of ground clearance,

periodic plantation programs in

and around plant area.




Sr.

No.

Mitigation

Measures

Implementation time Schedule

beginning of

construction phase.

5. Socio-economic

welfare measures

Will be carried out

from beginning of

construction phase and

will be continued till

life of the project.

Continuous from construction

phase based on need based

assessment and discussion with

nearby Gram Panchayats.

6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

6.2.1 Proposed Environmental Monitoring Programme

Monitoring is as important as that of control of pollution since the efficacy of control

measures can only be determined by monitoring. Regular environmental monitoring

will be carried out as per the Environmental Monitoring Programme for the coal

washery project. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring program

will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions, if any, due

to cumulative effect from operation of the new washery and so that suitable control

measures can be adopted in time to safeguard the environment.

The objectives of environmental monitoring are:

To verify the results of the impact assessment study in particular with regard to new

developments

• To follow the trend of parameters, which have been identified as critical;

• To check or assess the efficacy of the controlling measures

• To establish a database for future impact assessment studies for new/expansion

projects

The environmental monitoring for the coal washery will be conducted for following

aspects:

• Ambient Air quality

• Ambient Noise Levels

• Ground water depth

• Surface and ground water quality

• Soil Quality

• Survival rate of Plantation

• CSR Activities




The following routine monitoring program will be implemented under the post-project

monitoring.

Air Pollution

Ambient air quality will be monitored as per EC Conditions/Central Pollution Control

Board guidelines at four locations in plant premises and four locations in nearby

villages. Air quality monitoring will be carried out once in a month at all monitoring

locations, throughout the year except during monsoon season or as per the directions

given by MoEF&CC/CPCB/MPCB.

Ambient Noise Levels

Ambient noise level monitoring will be carried out at 2 location in the plant area and in

four locations in nearby villages. Noise level monitoring will be conducted once in each

season.

Ground water Depth

The depth of ground water table in the area will be monitored regularly in the

wells/bore well located in plant premises and in four nearby villages. The water table

depth at Pre-monsoon (May month) and Post Monsoon (November Month) will be

measured and records will be maintained.

Surface and ground water quality

Surface water samples from nearby village ponds will be collected while ground water

samples from four villages surrounding the project area will also be collected and

analyzed. The water quality monitoring will be carried out once in every season.

Soil quality

Soil quality monitoring will be carried out in the plantation area within the plant

premises and in the agriculture fields located nearby the plant area and along

transportation route. 1 sample from core zone and 4 sample from nearby villages will

be collected and analyzed, once in a year, preferably during dry season.

CSR Activities

Social welfare activities will be conducted in nearby villages. These activities will be

regularly monitored for their effectiveness and accordingly new activities will be

planned.

The proposed environmental monitoring schedule is given in Table 6.2.




TABLE 6.2: PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SCHEDULE

Sr.

No.

Environmental

Aspect

Locations Parameters for

monitoring

Schedule/

frequency of

Monitoring

1 Ambient Air

Quality

8 (4 in Plant area

4 in nearby

villages)

PM10, PM 2.5, SO2,

NOx

Monthly Monitoring

with 24 hours

sampling

2 Ambient Noise

Levels

6 (2 in plant area

4 in nearby

villages)

Noise levels in

dB(A)

Hourly noise level

for 24 hours, once in

each season

3 Water table

depth

5 (1 in core zone

and 4 in nearby

villages)

Depth of water

level

Once each in May

and November

month every year

4 Surface and

ground water

quality

6 {2 Pond water,

ground water from

4 nearby villages}

As per IS:10500

2012 standards

Grab sampling, once

during each season

5 Soil Quality 6 (Plantation in

plant area and

agriculture fields in

4 villages)

Physical and

nutrition

properties of soil

Once in a year,

preferably during

dry season.

6. CSR activities Nearby villages Implementation

status and need

based assessment

Annual

6.2.2 Monitoring Methods and Data Analysis of Environmental Monitoring

Environmental monitoring of ambient air quality, surface and ground water quality,

ambient noise levels, etc. will be carried out through MoEF accredited agencies/NABL

accredited laboratories regularly and reports will be submitted to MPCB/MoEF.

6.3 BUDGET ALLOCATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Proposed budget for implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Programme is

given in Table 6.3. The budget will be increased, if required, as per the actual conditions

at site.




TABLE 6.3: PROPOSED BUDGET FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

PROGRAMME

Sr. No. Particulars Annual Cost (Rs. in

Lakhs)

1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 2.50

2 Ambient noise levels Monitoring 0.60

3 Water quality & ground water depth monitoring 1.80

4. Soil Quality Monitoring 0.30

5. Monitoring of plantation Survival rate (in-house) --

6. Monitoring of CSR activities (In-house) --

7 Occupational Health 1.50

Total 6.70

6.4 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF THE COMPANY

6.4.1 Environmental Policy of the Company

M/S. Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. has declared its environmental policy with

focus on adoption of clean and green technology in all its operations to protect the

environment.

6.4.2 Organisation Set-up

The company has clearly defined duties and responsibilities for the employees. The

organization set up of the company in hierarchial order is given in Figure 6.1.

ORGANIZATION SET UP

FIGURE 6.1: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE FOR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

6.4.3 Environmental Management Cell

An Environmental Management Cell (EMC) will be established for the coal washery

project under the control of G.M. (Coal washery). The EMC will look after the

environmental management of the proposed project. The EMC will be headed by an

Board of Directors

G.M. (Washery)

Environmental Safety Officer Medical Officer Plant in-charge

EnvironmentalManagement Cell (EMC)

Safety Cell Medical Staff &First aidexperts

Plant Operation& Maintenance

Cell




Environmental Manager having adequate qualification and experience in the field of

environmental management. The structure of EMC is as follows

FIGURE 6.2: ORGANIZATION CHART FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL

The responsibilities of EMC are as follows:

1. Implementation of pollution control measures as suggested in Environmental

Management Plan and recommended in Environment Clearance

2. Conducting environmental monitoring as per conditions / guidelines stipulated

in EMP and Environmental Clearance through external laboratories approved by

MoEF/MPCB and NABL

3. Ensuring compliance with other conditions stipulated in Environmental

Clearance for the project.

4. Ensuring compliance with the conditions stipulated in 'Consent to Operate' for

the project.

5. Timely submission of compliance status to MoEF/MPCB

6. Seeking experts guidance, as and when required.

7. Conducting CSR activities in nearby villages.

6.4.4 Audit & Review

Review and audit is essentially a management tool. However, its application is crucial at

the operational level for verification and feedback on the effectiveness of organization

system and environmental performance. Basically, auditing involves in the following

items:

• Line management system

• awareness and training

• Procedures: standards, targets

• Plans: Waste, contingency, pollution control compliance

• Verify environmental impact assessment

• verify mitigation

G.M. (Coal Washery)

EnvironmentalManager

External Laboratory Approved byMoEF/MPCB & NABL

Chemist (1)Field Assistant (1)CSR Manager (1)

Gardener (1) Water Sprinkler Operators (1)Unskilled Labour (1)




• reporting and communication

• documentation

• feedback

Internal Audit:

A system of HSEC auditing will be undertaken at each of the existing and proposed plant

operations and includes the use of trained internal and external auditors. In addition,

auditing should be undertaken to ensure compliance with all the applicable legislations.

Audit Type Frequency:

• Internal: - From other site in-charge every 6 months

• External - independent expert every 12 months

The company shall depute internal / external auditors who are trained and certified as

competent EMS auditors by an independent and external standard organization. The

results of monitoring and auditing shall be regularly reported through the senior

management team to ensure that action items are addressed.

6.4.5 Non-conformity, Corrective Action and Preventive Action

As per the Environmental Policy of the company, non-conformities, corrective actions

and preventive actions shall be managed in accordance with Non conformance,

Preventive and Corrective Action Procedure. This procedure, which relates to all

projects of the company, details the processes to be utilised with respect to the

identification of non-conformances, the application of appropriate corrective actions(s)

to address non-conformances and the establishment of preventive actions to avoid non-

conformances. The key elements of the process include:

1. Identification of Non-conformance and /or Non-compliance

2. Recording of Non-conformance and/or Non-compliance

3. Evaluation of the Non-conformance and/or Non-compliance to determine specific

corrective and preventive actions

4. Corrective and preventive actions to be assigned to responsible persons and

5. Management Review of corrective actions to ensure the status and effectiveness of

the actions

6.4.6 Management Review

A comprehensive review of the objectives and targets associated with the individual

project of the company shall be undertaken on an annual basis via the business planning

(1 year outlook) and business strategy (5 year outlook) processes. These reviews, which

include involvement from the senior site management and other key personnel, assess

the performance of the plant over the previous year and develop goals and targets for

the following period.


CHAPTER 7: ADDITIONAL STUDIES



7.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

The Draft EIA/EMP report for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal Washery project at village,

Tadali, Tehsil & District Chandrapur, Maharashtra is prepared as per the TOR issued by

EAC, MoEF&CC and the report is submitted for public consultation process as per the

provisions of EIA Notification 2006 and amendments thereof.

After completing the public consultation process, the issues raised during the public

hearing and commitment made by the Project Proponent will be incorporated in the

final EIA/EMP report.

7.2 RISK ASSESSMENT

7.2.1 Introduction

Risk analysis deals with the identification and quantification of risks, the plant

equivalent and personnel are exposed to, due to accidents resulting from the hazards

present in the industry. Hazard analysis involves the identification and quantification of

the various hazards that are likely to occur in the industry.

The various hazard analysis techniques that may be applied are Hazard and Operability

(HAZOP) studies, Fault - Tree Analysis (FTA), Event –Tree analysis and, Failure and

Effects Mode analysis. Risk analysis follows an extensive hazard analysis. It involves the

identification and assessment of risks the neighboring populations are exposed to as

result of hazard present. This requires a thorough knowledge of failure probability,

credible accident scenario, vulnerability of populations etc. Much of this information is

difficult to get or generate. Consequently, the risk analysis is often confined to maximum

creditable accident studies.

7.2.2 Scope of the Study

The scope of study includes the study of proposed operations, storage and handling of

raw materials with respect to Hazard Identification. Risk Assessment and preparation of

Disaster Management plan. Based on the Hazard Identification and analysis, the major

disaster scenarios would be worked out to estimate the consequence of failure. A

Disaster Management Plan (DMP) would also be evolved to meet the emergency

situation including the occupational health and safety.

7.2.3 Fire Protection System

Fire Protection system have been provided in the railway siding. Additional fire fighting

system will be provided for the proposed coal washery project, as follows:




• Water tank with 200 KL storage capacity always filled and ready for use.

• Hydrant system covering the entire plant including all important auxiliaries and

buildings.

• The system will be complete with piping, valves instrumentation, hoses, nozzles and

hydrants, valves etc.

• Portable extinguisher such as pressurized water type, carbon dioxide type and foam

type will be located at strategic locations throughout the plant.

• Modular type carbon dioxide panel injection fire extinguishing system will be

provided at unmanned electrical and electronic equipment room.

The following pumps will be provided in the fire protection system.

Fire water pumps.

(Fire water reservoir is part of the main water reservoir)

a) AC motor driven fire water pumps for hydrant.

b) Diesel engine driven pump as stand by for the above.

c) Jackey pump 1 no. (AC motor driven) for maintaining pressure.

Suitable number of electric motor driven and diesel engine operated hydrant and spray

pumps with automatic starting will be provided for the above systems.

7.2.4 Methodology of MCA Analysis

The Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA Analysis) involved ordering and ranking of

various sections in terms of potential vulnerability. The following steps were involved

in MCA Analysis.

• Preparation of an inventory of major storages and rank them on the basis of their

hazard properties.

• Identification of potentially hazardous storage sections and representative

failure cases from the vessels and the pipelines.

• Visualization of chemical release scenarios.

• Effect and damage calculation from the release cases through mathematical

modeling.

• Inventory Analysis and Fire & Explosion and Toxicity Index (FETI) are the two

techniques employed for hazard identification process.

7.2.5 Fire & Explosion and Toxicity Index

The role of Fire & Explosion Index (FEI) aids quantitative hazard identification. The

FEI is calculated by evaluating the loss potential of all the units in the storage area and

the hazardous areas were classified accordingly. The role of FEI is

• Identification of the equipment/areas that could likely contribute to the creation

or escalation of incident and relatively rank the incidents.

• Quantification of the expected damage of potential fire and explosion incidents.




• Preparation of guidelines for mitigating fire hazards.

The loss potential which could actually be experienced under the most adverse

operating conditions is quantitatively evaluated. The FEI is used for any operation in

which a flammable, combustible or reactive material is stored, handled or processed.

FEI = MF x GPH x SPH

Where

MF : Material factor

GPH : General Process Hazard

SPH : Special Process Hazard

Toxicity Index

The Toxicity Index is calculated using the Nh, Ts, GPH and SPH. TI is calculated by the

following formula.

(Nh + Ts) x (1 + GPH + SPH)

TI = -------------------------------------------

100

Where

Nh : Toxicity factor

Ts: Maximum allowable Concentration

GPH : General Process Hazard

SPH : Special Process Hazard

7.2.6 Assessment of Risk at proposed Coal Washery Unit

Based on the storage inventory the following areas are identified as potential safety risk

areas are shown in Table 7.1.

TABLE 7.1: POSSIBLE RISKS FROM THE PROPOSED PLANT

S. No. Area Hazards identified

1 Coal handling plant Fire and/ or dust explosion

2 Coal storage Fire, spontaneous combustion

3 Fuel/Diesel Storage Fire and / or explosion

Coal Handling Plant - Dust Explosion

Coal dust when dispersed in air and ignited may explode in confined places. Crusher

houses and conveyor systems are most susceptible to this hazard. The minimum of

explosive concentration of coal dust (33% volatiles) is 50 grams/m3. Failure of dust

extraction & suppression systems may lead to abnormal conditions and increasing the

concentration of coal dust to the explosive limits. The sources of ignition are

incandescent bulbs, electric equipment & cables, friction & spontaneous combustion in




accumulated dust. Dust explosion may occur without any warning with maximum

explosion pressure upto 6.4 bars. Another dangerous characteristic of dust explosions is

that it sets off secondary explosions after the occurrence of initial dust explosion.

Stock pile area shall be provided with automatic garden type sprinklers for dust

suppression as well as to reduce spontaneous ignition of coal stock piles, necessary

water distribution network will be provided for distributing water at all transfer points,

crusher house, control room, etc.

A centralized control room with microprocessor based control system has been

envisaged for operation of the coal handling plant. Except locally controlled equipment

like travelling tripper, dust extraction / dust suppression / ventilation equipment, sump

pumps, water distribution system, all other in line equipment will have provision for

local control as well. All necessary inter local control panels will be provided for safe

and reliable operation of the coal handling plant.

Control measures for coal yard

The entire quantity of coal will be stored in separate stack piles, with proper drains

around to collect washouts during the monsoon. Water sprinkling system will be

installed on stockspile to prevent spontaneous combustion and consequent fire hazards.

The stack geometry will be adopted to maintain minimum exposure of stock pile areas

towards predominant wind direction; temperature will be monitored in the stock piles

regularly to detect any rise in temperature inside the stock pile to be enable to control

the same.

7.2.7 Risk & Consequence Analysis of Fire

The principle objective of this study is to identify the potential hazards estimate the

effects of hazards to people both within and outside the plant premises.

• Identification of possible failure cases of the facilities which might affect the

population and property within the plant boundary.

• Assessment of consequential effect on surrounding population, property etc., due to

onset of such failures.

• Suggest recommendations based on consequence analysis relevant to the situations.

Effective Controls

• Ignition sources in the vicinity,

• Pressurization of buildings not having explosion - proof fittings,

• Switching off power supply from a central place,

• Blanket ban on smoking,

• Proper maintenance of flame proof fittings.




• The thick green belt to be developed will help to mitigate the radiation intensity

level outside plant boundary.

7.3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Disaster Management Plan does not prevent the natural disaster and sabotage activities.However, duties and responsibilities given in this DMP may be followed to deal withemergencies, arising out of natural disasters and sabotage activities.

7.3.1 Objectives of DMP

• To identify the type of major disaster, that might occur in the plant.• To prepare an action plan to handle this disaster.• Identified areas where disasters can occur

The main areas for the disasters are sensitive process areas, all electrical facilities,storage facilities, material handling systems, etc.

Classification of the severity of accidentsCategory I - Operator LevelCategory II - Local / Community LevelCategory III - Regional / National LevelCategory IV - International Level

Out of four categories only Category—I and Category—II of accidents can be considered

for the proposed coal washery project. Other two categories are unlikely to happen in

the Plant.

Category—I

In category-I, disasters may occur due to fire, explosion, oil spills, malfunction of the

machines and spontaneous ignition of inflammable materials. It may affect the work

force health at that facility and even may be on the facilities of the plant. To prevent

these disasters, proposed mitigation measures are discussed in following paragraph.

Category—II

In case of complete failure of all automatic control / warning systems of the different

units, it may lead to disaster which may have the high severity on work force and

facilities of its own and even may be effects on the other facilities surrounding plant.

Probability of these disasters occurrences will be very less because of well qualified and

trained work force will be placed in respected areas.




7.3.2 Proposed Disaster Preventive Measures

The meaning of disaster itself says when the incident will be out of control then that is

called as disaster. Following are the proposed prevention measures to prevent disasters

and its severity.

• Design & construction of all facilities and machineries will be as per National and

International Codes as applicable in specific cases and lay down by statutory

authorities.

• The operations of the plant will be as per applicable standards laid by the

statutory authorities.

• Provision of adequate access ways for the movement of equipment and work force

will be provided.

• Minimum two numbers of gates for evacuation during disaster will provided.

• All the storage facilities will be marked properly and protected by providing the

fencing around to the storage systems.

• Water hydrants in fuel storage facility.

Fire Fighting

Adequate fire fighting equipment will be provided based on requirement of the

operation and sensitivity of the area. Fire fighting equipment placing and maintenance

will be as per the designated standard and will be looked after by the designated work

force.

Upon receiving the message of ‘Disaster’ from Disaster Controller, fire station control

room will make alert to all work forces by giving disaster siren and coordinate with the

local authorities to get required support from them.

Safety and Training

In the plant, all the workforce and equipment will be provided with safety instruments

like personnel protective equipment, safety valves, safety controls for all the equipment

in the coal washery. In safety section, looking after all the safety related works and

equipment, placing and maintenance of the same will be monitored by the designated

workforce of the plant. Safety department will look after the safety awareness programs

by different means like posters, messages on the notice boards, etc. and safety trainings

in the plant as per requirement of the criticality. Safety training and practical

demonstrations to the selected individuals in each department will be provided.




Communication

The washery plant will be provided with up-to-date communication, telephonic, visual,

verbal, etc for the workforce to address issues like safety, operations, etc. The

communication modes will be posters, notices to the workforce and individual

intimation overall as well as written.

Contingency Plan

The proposed contingency plan is prepared from the experiences of accidents that have

occurred in various other similar plants. To tackle situations during and after disaster, a

well-defined contingency plan will be essential. A Disaster Control Room (DCR) will be

set up having links with all plant control rooms. An officer will be manning the DCR. On

getting information about any accidents, the officer will verify from the affected plant

control room and inform the Disaster Controller (DC) and / or other coordinator

immediately.

The responsible officers of Disaster Control Group will assemble in the DCR and

formulate control procedure as per the contingency plans. The function of the various

officers of the Disaster Control Group will be as follows.

Functions of Disaster Controller

• To declare “Disaster Emergency” after consulting the Sr. Officer available and

inform Fire Station Control Room to sound the sirens accordingly and arrange to

convey the message in public addresses system

• To report to DCR immediately

• To receive message from the communication centre

• To take decision in consultation with the commanding Officer of different

services and convey them to the disaster point

• To be responsible for planning and provision of assistance from nearby

industries, villages and from local authorities

• The decision of the Disaster Controller on any matter to meet the objective of

disaster control plan will be final

Functions of Officer In–charge

• Disaster Controller will nominate an officer whose function will be as follows:

o To be responsible for the operation of DCR and for the dispatch of messages.

o To decide on the priority of dispatch of messages.

o To keep liaison with all activities and give up to date and accurate

appreciation of the situation.

o To be responsible for the efficient organization of the Disaster Control Room.




Functions of Commanding Officers of Various Services

The commanding officers of the various services are designated Coordinator (services).

The following are their functions:

• To report to the control post immediately on hearing “Disaster Siren”.

• To report Disaster Controller posted with the up-to date information regarding

manpower and material available concerning their respective services.

• To advise Disaster Controller on all matters arising out of disaster.

• To assist Disaster Controller for provision of material and man power concerning

his services.

• To convey message to his services team through communication centre after

consulting Disaster Controller.

• To consult between them selves on matters related to more than one services

and to decide on the action to be taken.

Casualty services

The commanding officer of casualty services will be medical officer and his main

functions will be like,

• First services by first-aid parties on the spot

• Ambulance services for transport of casualties from the spot to the hospital.

Procedure for Treatment

On getting a signal from the Disaster Control Room or information on telephone or

hearing siren, the sub- commanding officer of the casualty services will report to

hospital and doctors on call duty and first aid personnel will report to disaster control

room. The Ambulance with driver will report to the Disaster Control Room. First aid

parties will render first aid to casualties at the place of occurrence and those requiring

further treatment would be transported to the nearest hospital by ambulance.

First Aid

First aid facilities will be provided at all the critical location in the plant and training will

be provided to the selected workforce at different sections to help the persons at the

time of disaster.

Rescue services

The responsibility of effective working Rescue and Repair services are with Co-

ordinator and Sub-Commanding officer.

Repair Services

This section will look after mainly for the following areas after disaster takes place

• To take up quick repairs of the damaged machinery




• To take up repair of damaged building roads and culverts.

• To maintain essential public utility services viz. water, electricity,

communication and sewarage system.

Traffic Control

During the disaster, the movement of the safety vehicles and fire fighting vehicles will

be monitored and make the emergency ways free from vehicles to attend the disaster

works by the security of the plant. Persons arriving by motor transport at the location of

fire / emergency must not park their vehicle within 100 meters of fire, near fire

hydrants, at road junction and at access roads. The ignition key should be left in the

vehicles.

Transport Services

The following will be the function of transport services during Disaster.

• Will mobilize all the available vehicles and drivers

• Will arrange vehicles as per requirement for commanding officers, officer In-

charge, etc.

• Will cater to the needs of all fabricating, grinding and machining jobs required.

• Will mobilize mechanical manpower and direct auto-mechanic standby at the

site of fire and at the fire pump house.

Supply Services

This section will look after the purchasing and distribution of the disaster related

equipment and other necessary materials to disaster place. The functions of the supply

service will be:

• Plan and procure the necessary equipment and materials to cater anticipated

disaster well in advance.

• Responsible for the storage and distribution of the equipment and materials on

demand with no time during the disaster.

• To keep the all safety and fire fighting related materials and equipment available

immediately in ready to use condition.

Welfare Services

To look after the workforce welfare, plant will designate the workforce. This workforce

will take care of the plant manpower during the disasters and provides the safe work

culture and life to them. During disaster transporting of the manpower from disaster

place to safe place and arranging the emergency camps depend upon the situations.




Security Services

The security department will be responsible for the plant security by keeping security

checks at different locations based on the sensitivity of the location. During the disasters

the functions of security will follows:

• Alert the entire workforce about the disaster and its location.

• Update the developments and status of the disaster to the higher officials to take

necessary actions.

• Control the vehicular traffic inside the plant to get way to the safety and fire

fighting vehicles to attend the disaster works immediately.

• Assist the different divisions like fire fighting, safety etc. and local authorities to

make the process easy to handle the disaster works.

• Receive and co-ordinate with police

• Cordon off area and provide road blocks as per instruction

• Review evacuation procedure with police

• Get additional help from barracks

7.4 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE

Large industries where multiple activities are involved during construction, erection,

testing, commissioning, operation and maintenance, the men, materials and machines

are the basic inputs. Along with the booms, the industrialization generally brings

several problems like occupational health and safety.

7.4.1 Anticipated Occupational & Safety Hazards

Heat Stress & Stroke

• Physical activity

• Extremes of age, poor physical condition, fatigue

• Excessive clothing

• Dehydration

• Cardiovascular disease

• Skin disorders

• Dust Exposure

Noise

Illumination

Burns and shocks due electricity

7.4.2 EMP for the Occupational Safety & Health hazards

The health of workers can be protected by adopting the following measures:

• Proper Designing of building, Work area

• Good Housekeeping practices

• Well engineered ventilation & exhaust system




• Enclosure

• Isolation of specific areas

• Enforcement of usage of Personal Protective Devices.

• Regular Work Environment Monitoring

• Statistical Monitoring

• Working hours

• Rotation of employees in specific areas to avoid continuous exposure

7.4.3 Occupational Health

Occupational health needs attention both during construction and operation phases.

However the problem varies both in magnitude and variety in the above phases.

7.4.4 Construction & Erection

The occupational health problems envisaged at this stage can mainly be due to

construction related accidents, dust and noise. To overcome these hazards, in addition

to arrangements required to reduce it within TLV'S, personnel protective equipment

should also be supplied to workers.

7.4.5 Operation & Maintenance

The working personnel should be given the following appropriate personnel protective

equipment.

• Industrial Safety helmets

• Crash helmets

• Face shield with replacement acrylic vision

• Zero power plain goggles with cut type filters on both ends

• Welders equipment for eye and face protection

• Ear plugs/ear muffs

• Canister gas masks

• Self contained breathing apparatus

• Leather apron

• Safety belt / line man's safety belt

• Leather hand gloves

• Asbestos hand gloves

• Canvas cum leather hand gloves with leather palm

• Industrial safety shoes with steel toe

• Electrical safety shoes without steel toe and gum boots


Pre employment checkup will be made mandatory and following tests will be

conducted:




Plan of evaluation of health of workers

• Chest x rays

• Audiometry

• Spirometry

• Vision testing (Far & near vision, color vision and any other ocular defect)

• ECG

• Haemogram (examination of the blood)

• Urine (Routine and Microscopic)

• Complete physical examination

• Musculo-skeletal disorders (MSD)

• Backache

• Pain in minor and major joints

• Fatigue, etc.

Full fledged hospital facilities shall be made available round the clock for

attending emergency arising out of accidents, if any.

All workers shall be medically tested once in a year and at the end of his term of

employment.

Medical records of each employee will be maintained separately and will be

updated as per finding during monitoring.

Medical records of the employee at the end of his / her term will be updated.

Periodic health checkups (spirometric tests) will be conducted periodically.

Frequency of Periodical Examination

For employees <30 Years, once in five years

Between 31-50 Years, once in four years

Between 41-50 Years, once in two years

Above >50 years, once a year

As per statutory requirement, all emission control systems will be installed and

operated to comply with the norms. Secondary fugitive emissions will also be

controlled as per EMP suggested. Hence there will not be any adverse impact due

to dust on the human health.

Audiometric tests will be carried out for employees working near the noise

prone areas in the plant. The proposed extensive greenbelt development will

help in attenuating the noise levels further.

7.5 SAFETY PLAN

Safety of both men and materials during construction and operation phases is of

concern. The preparedness of an industry for the occurrence of possible disasters is

known as emergency plan. The disaster in industry is possible due to collapse of

structures and fire / explosion etc. The details of fire fighting equipments to be installed

are given below:




• Carbon dioxide

• Foam type

• DCP

• Soda acid type

• Fire buckets

• Fire hydrants

Keeping in view the safety requirement during construction, operation and

maintenance phases, M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. has formulated

safety policy with the following regulations.

• To take steps to ensure that all known safety factors are taken into account in the

design, construction, operation and maintenance of plants, machinery and

equipment.

• To allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe and healthy conditions of work.

• To ensure that adequate safety instructions are given to all employees.

• To provide wherever necessary protective equipment, safety appliances and

clothing to ensure their proper use.

• To inform employees about materials, equipment or processes used in their

work which are known to be potentially hazardous to health and safety

• To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making

necessary changes from the safety point of view in the light of experience and up

to date knowledge.

• To provide appropriate facilities for first aid and prompt treatment of injuries

and illness at work.

• To provide appropriate instructions, training and supervision to employee’s

health and safety, first aid and to ensure that adequate publicity is given to these

matters.

• To ensure proper implementation of fire preventive methods and an appropriate

fire fighting service along with training facilities for personnel involved in this

service.

• To publish / notify regulations, instructions and notices in the common language

of employees.

• To prepare separate safety rules for each type of process involved.

• To ensure regular safety inspection by a competent person at suitable intervals

of all buildings, equipment, work places and operations.

7.5.1 Safety Organization

Construction and Erection Phase

A qualified and experienced safety officer will be appointed. The responsibilities of the

safety officers include identification of the hazardous conditions and unsafe acts of

workers and advise on corrective actions, conduct safety audit, organize training




programmes and provide professional expert advice on various issues related to

occupational safety and health.

In addition to employment of safety officer, every contractor, having more than 250

workers with him, should also employ one safety officer to ensure safety of the workers

in accordance with the conditions of the contract.

Operation & Maintenance Phase

When the construction is completed, the posting of safety officers should be in

accordance with the requirement of Factories Act and their duties and responsibilities

should be as defined thereof.

Safety Circle

In order to fully develop the capabilities of the employees in identification of hazardous

processes and improving safety and health, safety circles would be constituted in each

area of work. The circle would consist of 3-5 employees from that area. The circle

normally should meet for about an hour every week.

7.5.2 Safety Training

Safety training to selected employees will be provided at Vocational training centres/

Safety training institutes recognised by the Government. In coal washery plant, Safety

training will be provided by the safety officers with the assistance of faculty members

called from professional safety institutions and universities. In addition to regular

employees, limited contractor labors will also be given safety training to create safety

awareness. Safety films will be shown to workers and leaflets etc. will be distributed.

• Reliable and dependable type of fire detection system with proper zoning and

interlocks for alarms are effective protection methods for conveyor galleries.

• Housekeeping of high standard, helps in eliminating the causes of fire and

regular Fire watching system strengthens fire prevention and fire fighting.

7.5.3 Health and Safety Monitoring Plan

All the potential occupational hazardous work places will be monitored regularly. The

health of employees working in these areas will be monitored once in a year.

7.6 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The local areas will be benefited by way of generation of employment opportunities,

increased demand for local products and services. There will be an overall improvement

in the income level of the local people and thereby the quality of life of the people.




The project creates employment to about 45 persons once the proposed project is

commissioned and for 50 persons during construction stage of proposed project.

Priority will be given to locals for semi-skilled and unskilled workers. With the

development of this plant, there will be lot of scope for secondary employment

opportunities.

The project proponent will undertake various socio-economic welfare activities in the

surrounding villages, once the plant commences production. The management intends

to conduct regular health checkups in the surrounding villages. Also, educational

welfare programs will be taken up. Thus, there will be improvement in the educational

and health status of people in the study area. There will be generally positive and

beneficial impacts by way of economic improvements, transportation, aesthetic

environment and business generation. There will be an overall upliftment of socio-

economic status of people in the area.

7.7 REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN





establishment of coal washery. There is no habitation in the site proposed for

establishing the coal washery. Hence no Rehabilitation & Resettlement is envisaged in


Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District Chandrapur,Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.

CHAPTER 8: PROJECT BENEFITS



8.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT

The proposed Coal Washery Project will provide direct employment to about 45 persons

and indirect employment opportunities to more than 50 persons from the nearby villages.

Under community development programme, M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will

bring benefits to the area in terms of drinking water facilities to nearby villages, assistance

for education, donations to schools, free medical camps, environmental awareness

programmes, etc. This project will create opportunities for small scale businesses in the

nearby villages:

8.2 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY (CER)

As a part of Corporate Environment Responsibility, M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt.

Ltd. will provide funds for improving the existing facilities like medical and education,

drinking water supply, sanitation, road maintenance etc.

Apart from the above, the Plant management will adopt following social welfare measures

in the nearby villages:

• An amount of Rs. 44.25 Lakh under CER has been allocated for carrying out socio-

Economic welfare measures. The amount earmarked may be increased as and when

required.

• Preference will be given to the local people for employment in the project as per the

eligibility of the people and requirement of the company.

• Regular medical camps will be arranged in the nearby villages and medicines will be

provided free of cost to the needful people.

• Social awareness camps for education, health and hygiene, etc will be conducted on

regular basis in the nearby villages.

• School maintenance, infrastructural development, adult education, etc. programs

will be taken up in the nearby villages.

• Periodic maintenance of local village roads will be carried out.

• Interested local youths will be provided on-the-job industrial training in the project

and suitable candidates will be employed in the project as per the requirement of

the company.

• Various self-help groups will be formed amongst the local people and will be

promoted for generating various household industries. Essential training will be

provided / arranged for such groups.




8.3 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS

The development of the proposed Coal washery will lead to economic up-liftment of the

society through direct and indirect employment opportunities, increased medical,

educational & infrastructural facilities in the nearby areas.


In order to evaluate the impacts of the project activities on the health of workers, baseline

health studies will be carried out on every worker before joining their duties. The baseline

health status, their habits will be recorded and a log book will be maintained and the same

will be updated every quarter.

The preliminary screening test involves studies on pulmonary impairment & disability

evaluation. Thus, a baseline condition will be established for all the workers and the

records will be maintained in order to evaluate any occupational diseases due to project

activity or aggravation of the existing condition.

8.3.2 Vocational Training to Interested Youth

The project management will provide on-the-job training to the interested youths of the

nearby villages and the eligible candidates will be absorbed by the company as per the

requirement. The project management will also allocate funds for helping the youths from

poor section for higher studies. These funds will be distributed in the form of scholarship

for higher education to the poor.

8.3.3 Upliftment of Scheduled Caste / Tribes and Other Weaker Sections of Society

A programme will be initiated especially keeping in view the scheduled castes and tribes

and economically backward people in the nearby villages to provide training in the field of

their interest, so that they can start their own enterprise like dairy farming, mushroom

farming, sericulture, wood art, home made foods, etc. The management will also provide

monitory assistance to them for establishing their enterprise and also in marketing their

products.

8.3.4 Formation of self-Help groups

The formation of Self Help Groups (SHGs) by the focus-members of the identified families

would be an important measure in ensuring the success of the activities being undertaken

for sustainable livelihoods, and particularly for micro-enterprises. The formation of SHG’s




would therefore be a key step in the Action Programme. The focus-member of the each of

the 100 target families would be formed into SHG’s. The formation of SHG’s would also

assist in obtaining credit for the micro-enterprises from credit and lending institutions and

help in community self monitoring for the repayment of the loans taken and in mutual

assistance amongst member.

SHG’s will also enable the women to avail various government welfare schemes as a group.

In the course of time if these groups can also be federated, the credit available would be

sufficiently large to meet larger requirements. A healthy contribution from the members

would be encouraged

The management will also provide technical and monetary assistance to the existing SHGs

in the area. Thus, the plant management will be deeply committed to the socio-economic

empowerment of all women and girls in the area.

8.4 SOCIAL WELFARE MEASURES BASED ON NEED BASED ASSESSMENT

8.4.1 Needs of the population residing in the study area

As per the survey & community consultation carried out in the villages around the

proposed project area, the population residing in the study area has following expectations

from the company:

Focus Areas: Education, Health, Agriculture, Employment (direct as well as indirect), Social

Welfare, Infrastructural Development and Community Economic Development.

8.4.2 Proposed Socio-Economic Welfare Measures under CER

1. Education

• Donation of stationary, furniture, books, etc to schools and anganwadi centres

• Carrying out awareness programmes for importance of education

• Conducting Adult Education Programme through local NGOs

• Provision of Merit Scholarships to school children

• Donation of Books and uniforms to the children of the unprivileged families SC/ST

and weaker section of the villages.

2. Health Facilities

• Conducting periodic medical camps in the villages and distribution of medicines

• Conducting Health awareness programs (On HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Filaria, Respiratory

Tract diseases like Tuberculosis & etc.)

• Distribution of mosquito nets to needful people.




• Emergency Ambulance services to be extended to villagers in case of emergency

3. Drinking Water Facilities, Drainage & Sanitation

• Assisting Gram Panchayats in construction of bore wells/open wells and water

tanks in the villages.

• Conducting awareness programmes for water conservation, importance of

sanitation facilities and causes of water borne diseases and their preventive

measures, health & hygienic practices.

• Provision of drinking water tankers to the needful people in the dry periods.

• Construction of rainwater harvesting structures

• Support to the local village Panchayats and construct and improve the drainage and

sanitation system in the villages.

4. Roads and Transportation

• Maintenance of village roads through village panchayats and PWD.

• Provision of solar powered street lamps at major village road junctions.

• Due to the proposed project, communication facilities in the area will be improved.

5. Employment

• Preference will be given to local people for employment in the project based on

their qualification and eligibility and requirement of the company.

• Secondary employment opportunities will be generated in contractual works, coal

transportation, other services like garages, shops, hotels, laundry, etc.

• Besides the direct employment, company will provide industrial training to the

interested local unemployed youth.

• Formation of the SHGs/Societies through the process of social mobilization.

• Arranging Vocational training (Fruit, Dairy, Fisheries and Aquaculture / pisciculture,

poultry, cow keeping etc, Arts and Crafts, Tailoring & Embroidering, electrical &

electronic repairs) etc. for local interested youth, especially girls and women.

6. Agriculture

• Conducting agriculture training and information dissemination camps in association

with District Agriculture Department and horticulture experts

• Donation of organic manures, neem based fertilisers and seeds to needy farmers

• Promoting Community Forestry programmes in waste lands available in the villages

• Assistance to Gram Panchayats for developing irrigation facilities for agriculture




• Conducting awareness camps and programs for water conservation, rainwater

harvesting, etc.

• Development of water sheds in the area through community cooperation.

7. Community Development

• Financial Assistance for construction of community halls, libraries, etc.

• Donations to village fairs, festivals, etc.

• Conducting sports, cultural and religious events and competitions for local children

and distribution of prizes

• Development of sports grounds and parks in open areas in consultation with the

village panchayats for local children and youth.

8.4.3 Implementation Plan and Budget allocation Under CER

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will take up the social welfare measures during

the construction phase of the plant. A separate team will be deployed for implementation of

the social-economic welfare measures. An action plan will be developed in consultation

with the village panchayats and projects will be initiated based on the priority. All the

socio-economic welfare measures will be initiated from the start of the construction phase.

As per the Notification dated 1.05.2018 issued by MOEF&CC, it is mandatory to prepare

Corporate Environment Responsibility Plan (CER) to spend 2 % of capital investment of the

project on social, economical and peripheral development activities. So, Rs. 2.33Crores will

be allocated for CER based on need of the villages in study area. The activities mentioned in

CER may change based on the issues raised at the time of public hearing.

After successful completion of CER activities, CSR activities will be done in the nearby villages.

CSR activity will be regular feature till the life span of project.

The activities under CER may change as per the points raised at the time of public hearing.

The proposed budget for CER is given in Table 8.1.




TABLE 8.1: PROPOSED BUDGET FOR CER ACTIVITIES

Sr. No. ParticularsCapital Cost (Rs. InLakh)

1 Education facilities 4.5

aDonation of books, furniture to villageschools

1.5

bDonation of stationary, books, scholarships topoor students

1.5

c Adult Education Program 1.5

2 Health & Hygiene 3.0

a Medical Camps in nearby villages 2.0

bAwareness campaigns cleaneliness, health &hygiene, malaria eradication, HIV/AIDS, etc.

0.5

c Distribution of Mosquito nets 0.5

3 Drinking water facilities 12.75

aConstruction/repair of hand pumps in nearbyvillages

4.0

b Construction of RWH structures 4.75

c Drinking water supply during dry periods 4.0

4 Economic Upliftment 11.0

aArrangement for vocational training tointerested local youth

4.0

b Construction of training centers 4.0

c Formation of SHGs 3.0

5 Roads & Transport 3.0

aDonation of funds for construction/maintenance of village roads

1.0

b Donation of Solar street lights in villages 2.0

6 Agriculture 5.0

a Distribution of organic manures, seeds, etc. 3.0

b Development of watersheds 2.0

7 Community Development 5.0

aAssistance in construction of communityhalls, library, etc.

2.5

b Donations for village fairs, sports events, etc . 2.5

Total 44.25


CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS



9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS

This is a proposed coal washery project of 1.5 MTPA throughput capacity in 7.5 Ha area

is proposed to be located adjacent to the existing railway siding of M/s Vimla

Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. in Tadali village, Tehsil & District Chandrapur,

Maharashtra. 1.5 Million tonnes per annum raw coal with ash content of approx. 40% or

more will be sourced from WCL mines located in Chandrapur & Wani area. (on DO

basis/through E-auction). Raw coal will be washed to reduce the ash content to less

than 34% or as per the customer demand and the washed coal will be supplied to the

user industries.

The environmental costs for the project includes costs for controlling adverse impacts

on ambient environment for air quality, noise levels, water resources and quality, land

environment, socio-economic environment, crop productivity, etc. Environmental cost

will be incurred by the company through adoption of pollution control measures to

minimize impacts on the environmental parameters of the area like:


Provision of bag filter, enclosures to conveyors, fixed and mobile water sprinklers, black

topped / concreted internal roads, green belt development in and around plant

premises and along transport roads, etc. will be adopted to control dust from the coal

washery.

Noise Control Measures

Necessary noise control measures like accoustic enclosures to stationary equipment,

provision of acoustic barriers, development of thick green belt, periodic maintenance of

machineries and equipment, etc will be carried out. Ear plugs/ear muffs will be

provided to workers exposed to high noise generating areas.

Water Pollution Control Measures

To minimise fresh water requirement and to avoid disposal of wastewater outside plant

premises, entire process effluent generated during coal washing will be recycled and

reused in the plant. Storm water run-off from the plant premises will be collected in

settling tanks and will be used for dust suppression and plantation. The plant will

operate on ‘Zero Effluent Discharge’ Principle.

Land degradation control Measures

Land use of the plant area will be changed. The land will be levelled or reclaimed

through overlaying of excavated soil and use it for thick plantation in 33% of the plant




area. The plantation will improve the aesthetic view of the plant area and also act as a

barrier for arresting the dust and attenuation of noise.

Socio-economic conditions

The proposed coal washery will generate direct and indirect employment opportunities

for the local people. Also, there will be improvement in the sandard of living in the

nearby villages due to the CSR activities conducted by the company. The development in

the area will also support to increase the economic growth and thereby the quality of

life of the people.

9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

The environmental benefits of use of washed coal are given below:

• Increased power generation efficiency, mainly due to the reduction in energy loss as

inert material passes through the combustion process

• Improvement in plant utilization factor resulting in increased plant availability

• Reduced investment costs

• Reduced operation and maintenance (O&M) costs due to less wear and reduced

costs for fuel and ash handling

• Energy conservation in the transportation sector and lower transportation costs

• Less impurities and improved coal quality thus reduction in fuel consumption

• Reduced smoke and dust emission thus reduction in load on the air pollution control

system

• Reduction in the amount of solid waste that has to be disposed off due to low ash.

Due to this there will be reduction in ash disposal area

• Reduction in auxiliary power consumption

• Reduction /elimination in fuel oil support

• Reduction in furnace wall slagging, boiler tube leakage, clinker formation, abnormal

erosion etc.

• Improvement in boiler efficiency and reduction in running maintenance of boiler

and its auxiliaries

• Reduction in outage/down time in coal mills due to absence of foreign material.

It is imperative to mention here that the washery reject coal is also utilised in CFBC

based thermal power plants for power generation. Thus, there is no solid waste

generation from the coal washery process and the entire quantity of raw coal brought

for washing is consumed in industrial activities.

9.3 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

After analysing the environmental costs involved in the washing of raw coal produced

from the coal mines and environmental benefits arising out of use of the washed coal, it




can be concluded that the use of washed coal is much more beneficial as compared to

the cost involved for environmental protection measures required for the coal washing

process.

Apart from the tangible benefits, there are other intangible benefits of the project. The

washing plant helps to increase the economic growth of the state/nation through

utilisation of washed coal in various industries for the manufacturing of allied products

in iron and steel industries and the power plant with reduced pollution control cost.


CHAPTER 10:ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN


CHAPTER 10: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Environmental Management Plan is the key to ensure a safe and clean environment. An

industry may have taken proper pollution control measures but without a management

plan to assure its proper functioning, the desired results may not be obtained. The

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development

in the area of the proposed Coal washery. Hence it needs to be an all encompassive plan

for which the industry, government, regulating agencies like Pollution control Boards

working in the region and more importantly the affected population of the study area

need to extend their co-operation and contribution.

The Environmental Management Plan aims at controlling pollution at the source level to

the possible extent with the available and affordable technology followed by treatment

measures before they are discharged. A comprehensive environmental management

plan consists of pollution control measures for abatement of the undesirable impacts.

Post project environmental monitoring programme is followed after commissioning of

the project for prevention of any unwanted environmental situation. The environmental

management plan delineates various pollution control measures for mitigating

environmental impacts identified during the construction and operation phases of the

proposed coal washery project. The impact assessment study has examined the extent

to which these impacts are likely to occur and can be controlled through the adoption of

mitigation measures. The Environment Management Plan describes both standard and

site-specific pollution control measures so as to mitigate potential impacts associated

with the proposed activities.

10.1 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND

CONSERVATION

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd has laid down a comprehensive Environmental

Policy duly approved by its Board of Directors.

The proposed coal washery project will be supervised and controlled by an independent

General Manager (washery) supported by adequate team of technically qualified

personnel apart from the operating staff of skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled and other

categories.

Environment Management Cell has been established headed by Environmental

Manager. The Organizational Structure for Environment Management is presented in

Figure 10.1.




ORGANIZATION SET UP

FIGURE 10.1: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE FOR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

The Environmental Engineer will be responsible for environment management

activities in the coal washery project. Basically, this cell will assists and guide washery

operations team during production, waste management processes and other

environmental issues. Besides this, cell will supervise the monitoring of environmental

pollution levels viz. ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, noise level either

departmentally or by appointing external agencies. In addition, the cell will also involve

in collection of statistics of health of workers, afforestation and green belt development

& submission of periodical reports to the respective statutory authorities.

In case, the environmental monitoring results are found to exceed the permissible

limits, the Environmental Management Cell will suggest remedial action and gets these

suggestions implemented through the concerned authorities.

10.2 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ACTION PLAN PROPOSED

FOR MITIGATION DURING PLANT OPERATION PHASE

Anticipated adverse environmental impacts from the coal washery project and

corresponding proposed mitigation measures are given in Table 10.1.

TABLE 10.1: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED ACTION

PLAN FOR MITIGATION OF IMPACTS DUE TO PROPOSED COAL WASHERY

Environmental

Component

Project

Activities

Impacts Action Plan Proposed

Ambient Air

Quality

Storage of raw

coal, washed

coal & rejects

Dust (SPM/RPM)

emissions,

spontaneous ignition

• Provision of wind barriers

• Fixed water sprinklers

• Reducing stacking time &

quantity

• Development of greenbelt

Board of Directors

G.M. (Washery)

Environmental Safety Officer Medical Officer Plant in-charge

EnvironmentalManagement Cell (EMC)

Safety Cell Medical Staff &First aidexperts

Plant Operation& Maintenance

Cell




Environmental

Component

Project

Activities


around stockyard

Emissions

from

unloading to

coal bunker &

from coal

conveyors

Dust emissions

• Provision of enclosure to coal

unloading point at coal hopper

• Provision of fog system / water

sprinklers at unloading point

• Provision of enclosures to coal

conveyors

• Provision of water sprinklers

at transfer points along belt

conveyors

Rotary

breaker, Coal

Crushing &

Screening

Dust emissions

• Provision of enclosures to

crushers and screens

• Provision of Bag house to

arrest dust from crushing

activities

Unloading and

loading

activities at

railway siding

Dust emissions

• Provision of fixed water

sprinklers along railway siding

• Provision of closed conveyor

system for loading of railway

wagons

• Thick plantation around

railway siding

All activities

Excessive

occupational

exposures of

workers to airborne

particulate matter.

• Provision of dust masks to all

workers exposed to dust

generating areas

• Pre-employment and periodic

medical examination of all

employees for respiratory

diseases

• Periodic monitoring of ambient

air quality at 4 locations within

the plant area and in 4 nearby

villages.

Water

Environment

Use of ground

water for coal

washing

process

Depletion of ground

water table

• Maximize recovery of water

from process and recycle and

reuse of process effluent to

minimize fresh water

requirement in the plant.

• Adoption of rainwater




Environmental

Component

Project

Activities


harvesting system in plant

premises and in nearby villages

to improve ground water

recharge.

• Obtaining NOC from CGWA for

ground water drawal.

Storm Water

run-off

Silt & coal particles

wash off from plant

area & pollution of

surface water

bodies outside plant

premises.

• Provision of storm water

drainage network within plant

premises and collection of

surface run-off in a series of

settling tank.

• Use of the storm water for coal

washing process after proper

settling and filtration.

Waste water

generated

from washery,

domestic

effluent, etc.

Pollution of

receiving water

bodies or land

surfaces if

discharged

untreated

• Process effluent will be re-

circulated in process after

proper treatment.

• Domestic effluent will be

treated in package type STP

and the treated effluent will

be used for dust suppression

and plantation.

• Surface run-off will be passed

through settling tanks

followed by oil & grease trap

and will be used in the

process.

• Zero Effluent Discharge will

be maintained.

Hydrogeology

and Drainage

pattern

Plant

construction

Impact on drainage

pattern

• No natural drains in the

proposed plant area.

• Storm water will be collected

in settling tanks through

network of drains and will be

used in coal washing process.

• No impact on drainage pattern

outside plant premises.

Ambient noise Crushing & High noise levels and • Design and layout of building




Environmental

Component

Project

Activities


levels screening, DG

sets, conveyor

belts, coal

transport, etc.

noise related

community

annoyance

to minimize transmission of

noise

• Use of inbuilt noise control

system with plant equipment

and machinery;

• Periodic maintenance of

equipment and machinery;

• Provision of acoustic

enclosures to stationary

equipment;

• Provision of sound proof

cabins to wheel loaders &

other HEMMs;

• Provision of ear muffs/ear

plugs to workers exposed to

high noise areas;

• Job rotation for workers

working in high noise

generating areas;

• Development of thick green

belt around plant boundary

and plantation within plant

premises;

• Periodic monitoring of noise

levels in the plant premises

and in nearby villages;

Land

Environment

Plant

construction,

Dust due to

coal handling

and transport

Change in landuse of

core zone

Impact on soil

quality in

surrounding areas

due to deposition of

coal dust.

• Thick plantation around plant

premises to improve aesthetic

view of the area.

• Adopting adequate air

pollution control measures to

control dust emissions during

coal handling and coal

transportation

• Transport of coal through

railway wagons

• Covered transport of coal.

• Periodic monitoring of soil

quality in surrounding areas.




Environmental

Component

Project

Activities


Biological

Environment

(Flora and

Fauna)

Plant

construction,

Dust due to

coal handling

and transport

in operation

phase

Displacement of

existing fauna.

Loss of existing

vegetation

• Project site located in private

land adjacent to existing

industrial area, devoid of

natural vegetation. Dense

plantation will be developed

in and around the project site.

• Plantation of thick green belt

using local plant species

• Adoption of suitable dust

control measures to avoid

impact on vegetation

• Plantation along railway

siding to arrest dust.

Occupational

Health & Safety

Overall Coal

washery

operation and

coal

transportation

Respiratory

diseases,

Annoyance, sleep

disturbance due to

exposure to high

noise levels, HAVS,

VWF due to

excessive exposure

to vibrations,

accident,

electrocution, fall

from height, etc.

•Community

annoyance from

dust deposition.

Potential for risk of

harm to personnel

and the local

community.

•Contamination of

land and water

through

inappropriate

disposal of waste

• Implementation of noise and

fugitive dust emission

controls and management

measures.

• Implementation of water

quality management,

conservation and control

measures.

• Adoption of Zero Effluent

Discharge Practice

• Provision of Personal

Protective Equipment to all

the workers employed in

washery

• Conducting pre-employment

and periodic health check-up

• Conducting pre-employment

and refresher safety training

programs to all employs of the

washery

• Maintaining proper house-

keeping.

• Adopting job rotation to avoid

excessive exposure to high

dust concentrations and high

noise levels.




Environmental

Component

Project

Activities


products, including

sewage and

hazardous wastes.

• On-site first aid facilities along

with ambulance facilities will

be provided

• Development of an emergency

response plan that includes

installation of emergency

response equipment to

combat events such as fire. All

personnel required to handle

hazardous materials will be

provided with personal

protective equipment suitable

for the hazardous material

being handled.

Socio-economic

Aspects

Coal washery

and coal

transportation

Increase in

employment

opportunities both

direct and indirect

thereby increasing

economic status of

people of the region.

• Direct employment to about

45 local persons and many

more persons will be

benefited from indirect

employment opportunities.

• Improvement in the socio-

economic status of the nearby

villages.

• The company will conduct

various socio-economic

welfare activities and

infrastructure improvement

measures in the nearby

villages.

• An Amount of Rs. 44.25 Lakh

have been earmarked for

implementation of the CER

activities in the nearby

villages.




10.3 BUDGETARY ALLOCATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The details of Environmental Management Plan for different environmental protection

and control activities along with capital and annual recurring cost are given in Table

10.2.

The capital cost of the proposed coal washery project is approx. Rs 22 Crores. It is

proposed to invest an amount of Rs. 222.3 Lakh as capital cost and Rs. 72.25

Lakh/annum as recurring expenses towards implementation of Environmental

Management Plan.

TABLE 10.2: BUDGET ESTIMATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

S. No. Description of item Capital Cost,Rs. in Lakh

Recurring cost,Rs. in Lakh

1 Air Pollution Control Measures 142 36.4

Bag House to crusher 70 10.5

Fixed Water sprinklers 18 5.4

Mobile water sprinklers 15 5

Enclosures to belt conveyors 12 1.5

Blacktopping of internal roads 15 6

Dust control at railway siding /alongtransport road

12 8

2 Water pollution control measures 49.3 10.1

Thickener 30 14

Storm water drains 8 1.5

Oil & grease trap 0.8 0.2

Settling tanks 2.5 0.4

Rainwater harvesting structures 12 0.5

Filter press technology 16 4

Sewage Treatment Plant 10 3.5

3 Green belt development 6.5 3.254 Occupational Health & Safety 3.5 1.3

Provision of PPE 2 0.8Medical examination 1.5 0.5

5 Socio-economic Welfare Measures 15 11.56 Environmental Monitoring Program 0 6.77 Miscellaneous 6 3

Total 222.3 72.25Note: The budget may increase as per actual requirement during plant operations in the

subsequent years.


CHAPTER 11:SUMMARY & CONCLUSION


CHAPTER 11: SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

11.1 INTRODUCTION

M/s. Vimla Infrastructure (India) Private Limited is the incorporated organisation under

Companies Act, 1956, established in the year 2006. M/s. Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt.

Ltd.has Railway sidings which cater to the needs of the clients with its handling and logistics

services currently in the field of coal, cement, iron ore, manganese, gypsum and bauxite

inexpensively and quickly. The company has its first private Railway siding near Siliyari

Railway Station and a second private siding is located near Bhupdeopur Railway Station,

Chhattisgarh. Railway sidings of these locations are governed under South East Central

Railway. As a third step the private siding is constructed at Tadali, near the industrial cluster

of MIDC, Dist. Chandrapur, Maharashtra under Central Railway.

Now, looking at the prospective of demand for washed coal, availability of raw coal in the

vicinity and availability of own railway siding, M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd, has

decided to venture into Coal Washery business. For this, the company proposed to establish a

1.5 MTPA coal washery adjacent to their existing railway siding at Tadali village, Tehsil &

District – Chandrapur, Maharashtra state.

11.1.1 Identification of Project

Looking to the demand of washed coal, M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. decided to

set up a 1.5 MTPA coal washery. For establishing the coal washery, company has selected own

land adjacent to the existing railway siding of the company at Village- Tadali, Tehsil & District

- Chandrapur, Maharashtra. An area of 7.50 Ha has been earmarked for the coal washery

project. Cost of the proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal Washery is estimated as approx. Rs. 22.0 Crore.



Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. in Village- Tadali, Tehsil & District - Chandrapur, Maharashtra.

The project area and 10 km radius study area falls in Toposheet no. 55 P/4 & 55 M/1 on R.F.

1:50,000. The project falls within Latitude: 20° 0'29.64"N to 20° 0'44.54"N and Longitudes

79°10'12.08"E to 79°10'27.03"E.




11.2 DRAFT EIA/EMP REPORT

Proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery project of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. is

classified as “Category A” as per the EIA notification dated on 14th September, 2006. Baseline

environmental monitoring was conducted in line with the ToR during Summer 2019 i.e.

March 2019 to May 2019 for determining the status of ambient air quality, ambient noise

levels, surface and groundwater quality, soil quality, status of flora, fauna and eco-sensitive

areas and socio-economic status of the villages within 10 km radius study area. The

observations of the studies are incorporated in the draft EIA/EMP report. Impacts of the

proposed project activities during construction and operation stages were identified and duly

addressed in the draft EIA/EMP report alongwith the proposed management plan to control /

mitigate the impacts. Environmental Management Plan is suggested to implement the

pollution control measures in the project.

TABLE 11.1: SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT SITE


1 Name of the ProjectProposed 1.5 MTPA Coal Washery (Wet

process)

2 LocationVillage - Tadali, Tehsil - Chandrapur,

District - Chandrapur, State - Maharashtra

3 Total area & present landuse

7.50 Ha

Private land owned by company. Proposed site

is located adjacent to the existing Railway

siding of the company.

4 Site elevation 211 to 214 m MSL

5 SoI Toposheet No. 55 P/4

6 Nearest IMD station IMD, Chandrapur

7 Site topography Flat

8 Nearest highwayChandrapur – Nagpur State Highway (SH 264) :

1.7 KM NE

9 Nearest railway station

Tadali Railway Station: 2.2 Km, NE



10 Nearest airportMorwa Airstrip: 5.4 km E


11 Nearest riversWardha River: 6.0 km W

Irai River: 9.3 km SE

12 Nearest port None within 10 km radius

13 Nearest town Chandrapur, 14 Km E

14 District headquarters Chandrapur, 14 Km E

15 Nearest state/ national None within 10 km radius





boundaries

16Nearest major city with 2,00,000

populationChandrapur, 14 Km E

17 Nearest villageSakharwai, 1.5 Km NNW

Tadali: 2.8 km NE

19 Nearest tourist place Mahakali Temple, Chandrapur 15.6 km SE

20 Archaeological sites

There are several Archaeological monuments in

Chandrapur city beyond 10 km radius from the

project site.

21

Protected areas as per wildlife

protection act 1972 (tiger

reverses, elephant reserve,

biospheres, national parks

wildlife sanctuaries, community

reserves & conservation reserves)

Tadoba-Andhari Tiger reserve Ecosensitive

zone : approx. 15 km NE

22 Reserved/protected forestsBhandak Reserved Forest: 9.1 km NE

Morwa Reserved Forest: 1.4 km E

23 SeismicitySeismic Zone II (Low Damage Risk Zone: MSK

VI or Less)

24 Defence Installations Ordinance Factory Bhadravati, 12.0 km N

25 Other industries in 10 km radius

MIDC Tadali is located near the proposed

project site. Also, coal mines of Wani area are

located within 10 km radius.


11.3.1 Process Description

The proposed washery will process about 1.50 MTPA raw coal and produce about 1.059

MTPA clean Coal at an average yield of 70.6%. The washery will operate for effective 6000

hours annually. The hourly average capacity of the plant will be approximately 250 TPH

(average). The proposed washery will consist of the following sections:

1 Raw Coal Section:

A 250 TPH capacity unit will be constructed and 20% extra over the average capacity will be

provided to meet seasonal variations in the production of open cast coal mines. One ground

hopper will be provided to receive raw coal from tipping trucks. Vibratory feeder will be

provided below each hopper to reclaim coal from the hopper and load on to the associated

belt conveyor. The conveyor will elevate coal and discharge the same on the associated

double deck primary screen. The primary screen separates coal into fines (0-10mm), sized

coal (-60 + 10 mm) and oversize coal (+60-250 mm) fractions. The +60 -250 mm oversize




coal from the picking conveyor, after removal of stones, will then be fed to a double roll

crusher to reduce the size down to (-)50mm. The crushed coal from the crusher and the (-60

+ 10 mm) sized coal from primary screen will be collected on a belt conveyor which will

elevate and discharge in an overhead surge bunker. Coal from the surge bunker will be

reclaimed with the help of vibratory feeder and discharged on a belt conveyor for elevating

and discharging in the wet box provided in HM cyclone house.

2 Washing section:

HM Section: In this circuit (+) 10 mm to (-) 50 mm fraction will be treated to improve the

quality. The circuit consists of the following:

De- Sliming section:

The raw coal conveyor from the surge bunker will discharge coal in a wet box. From the wet

box the pulp will flow down on to a de-sliming screen of 250tph capacity. Water is sprayed

over the de-sliming screen with the help of spray nozzles to remove slimes of 0.5 mm size.

The over flow from de-sliming screen will be carried to correct media tank and under flow of

de-sliming screen will be carried to fine coal tank/ classifying cyclone sump.

Correct Media tank & HM Cyclones:

One number HM cyclone sump of suitable capacity with center tube lined with suitable liners

will be provided to receive over flow from the de-sliming screen. The pulp consisting of coal,

water and magnetite of required density will be pumped to two numbers of HM cyclones each

to separate the pulp into two fractions namely clean coal and rejects. The density of the slurry

will be changed as per requirement to achieve optimum yield as per the quality parameters of

raw coal. The over flow i.e. clean coal will be discharged on D&R screen (single deck screen).

The over flow from D&R screen will be fed to a belt press to remove excess water. Coal from

belt press will be discharged on clean coal conveyor and the slurry/ pulp will be taken to fine

coal tank. The heavy media will be taken a splitter box from where it will normally be taken to

correct media tank with an option for transferring to dilute media tank.

The under flow (rejects) of heavy media cyclone will be taken to a horizontal refuse screenthrough a fixed sieve bend. The dense media from below the sieve bend and first catch pan ofD&R screen will be taken to splitter box. The overflow from the D&R screen will betransported to overhead hopper for storage and then loading into trucks for furthertransportation.

Magnetite will be charged into the dilute media tank with the help of magnetite chargingpump to improve the pulp density. Density gauge will be fitted before the density adjustmenttank for controlling the addition of media in dilute media tank.

Fine coal circuit:

In this section 0.5 mm fraction will treated and recovered from the pulp. Slurry/pulp from thefine coal tank will be pumped to a set of raw coal classifying cyclones. The over flow from theclassifying cyclones will be carried to a high rate thickener (25 m dia.). The under flow fromthe classifying cyclones will be carried to a high frequency screen. The particles retained over




the high frequency screen will be discharged on clean coal conveyor or reject conveyor as perquality parameters and the under flow from the high frequency screen will be taken to a highrate thickener.

Slurry/ pulp from below the high rate thickener will be pumped to a mixing tank whereflocculent will be added to agglomerate the fine particles for efficient liquid and solidseparation on the belt press. The mixture will then be fed to a parallel drum belt press. In thebelt press the material will be pressed to squeeze the water. After wards the cake will betaken to clean coal belt conveyor and the slurry will be taken back to thickener.

Clean coal section:Coal from belt press of HM circuit, over flow from the high frequency screen and cake frombelt press of fine coal circuit will be stored in overhead hoppers. Trucks will be loaded belowthese hoppers for transporting to the siding to dispatch by rail wagons to distant consumers.

Reject section:Over flow from the rejects D&R screen of HM section will be stored in overhead hoppers.Trucks will be loaded below the hoppers for transporting the same to user industries locatedin the vicinity or to the railway siding for transportation by rail.

Fine coal (<10 mm size):Fine coal without beneficiating will be stored in the overhead hoppers. Trucks will be loadedbelow the hoppers for transporting to railway siding for loading along with the washed coalfractions as per requirement.

Wagon Loading section:Private railway siding of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. is located adjacent to theproposed coal washery site. Existing in motion type electronic weigh bridge at the railwaysiding will be used to weigh loaded wagons for preparing RRs.

11.3.2 Raw Coal Requirement, Source & Mode of Transport

The coal will be sourced from nearby coal mines of Western Coalfield Limited (WCL), located

in Chandrapur & Wani area.

Since the washery site is located close to the WCL mines in Chandrapur and there is existing

railway siding adjacent to the proposed plant site, raw coal will be transported to the plant

mostly by rail. In case of non-availability of rail facility at the mine site, coal will be

transported by road in covered trucks.

Washed Coal and rejects will be supplied to nearby Power plants. The mode of transport of

washed coal will be by rail. Only in case of absence of railway facility at user industry, road

transport will be used. Adjacent railway siding of the company will be used for coal transport.

11.3.3 Solid waste generation & Management

In the proposed coal washery, it is proposed to process 1.5 MTPA raw coal in the. About 30%

of raw coal i.e. 0.441 MTPA washery reject coal will be generated from the proposed coal




washery. Rejects generated during coal washing process can be used for power generation in

CFBC technology based power plants. Coal Washery rejects will be given to Power plants

operating on CFBC technology in the vicinity of the proposed washery. The reject coal will be

transported by means of rail / road based on the facilities available at the user industries. The

reject coal will be transported by covered trucks in case of road transport.

11.3.4 Water Requirement & SourceTotal daiily make up water requirement for the proposed 1.5 MTPA wet coal washery isestimated to be 6,798 m3/d. Out of this, 6412m3/d water will be recycled and reused in theprocess and only 386 m3/d water will be supplied from outside. Permission for drawal ofground water will be obtained from CGWB.

11.3.5 Manpower Requirement

During the construction phase work will be generated for skilled, semiskilled and unskilledlabors. Technical persons will be recruited during the operation phase. The project createsdirect employment to about 45 person once the plan comes to the operational stage and for50 people during construction stage.

11.3.6 Site Infrastructure

The coal washery is proposed in Tadali Village, Tehsil & District Chandrapur, Maharashtra.

The proposed site is located adjacent to existing MIDC Tadali area.

Site facilities: For efficient plant operation, infrastructure facilities like office, store, rest area,

drinking water facilities, urinals, latrines, canteen, first aid centre, etc will be made available

within the plant premises. Internal black topped (tar) roads will be developed. An ambulance

facility will be kept ready to attend any medical emergency occurred during construction and

plant operation phase.

11.4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO

11.4.1 Baseline Environmental Studies

Baseline environmental studies were carried out within 10 km radius of the proposed coal

washery project area to assess the existing environmental scenario in the area. For the

purpose of EIA studies, project area was considered as the core zone and area outside the coal

washery upto 10 km radius was considered as buffer zone. The baseline environmental

monitoring for various components of environment, viz. Air, Noise, Water, Land, soil, ecology

was carried out during summer season i.e. March to May 2019 in the study area covering 10

km radial distance from the coal washery area. Other environmental data on flora and fauna,

land-use pattern, forests, socio-economic status, etc. were also generated through field

surveys and secondary information collected from different state Govt. departments.




11.4.2 Meteorology & Ambient Air Quality

Summary of Site Specific Meteorological data

Temperature (°C) 19.2°C to 46.5°C

Relative Humidity (%) 16% to 52%

Predominant Wind Direction SE (13.6%)

Average wind speed 2.28m/s

Calm wind % 10.73%

Ambient Air Quality Status

The status of ambient air quality within the study area was monitored for Summer season

during March to May 2019 at 8 locations including the proposed coal washery area and in

nearby villages. The sampling locations were selected based on the meteorological conditions

considering upwind, downwind and crosswind directions. The levels of Respirable Particulate

Matter (PM10), Fine Particulates (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2,) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX)

were monitored. The minimum and maximum values of monitoring results are summarized

in Table 11.2.

Table 11.2: Summary of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

Station

code

Location Description PM10,

(μg/m3)

PM2.5,

(μg/m3)

SO2

(μg/m3)

NOx

(μg/m3)

A1 Project SiteMinimum 44.3 25.4 11.2 17.6Maximum 65.2 32.2 23.2 38.3

A2Chichala

village

Minimum 41.3 22.6 8.9 17.0Maximum 56.4 33.6 22.3 32.7

A 3 Goraja villageMinimum 39.9 22.8 11.2 16.3Maximum 51.3 31.8 21.8 32.7

A 4Sonegaon

village

Minimum 43.4 20.5 14.2 14.6Maximum 55.2 34.7 21.5 36.9

A5 Tadali villageMinimum 44.3 23.2 12.5 18.4Maximum 58.1 31.1 20.5 34.7

A6Marodia

village

Minimum 44.3 20.6 11.4 18.4Maximum 57.4 33.6 20.9 32.7

A7Ghuggus

village

Minimum 45.1 21.6 11.2 19.3Maximum 63.7 35.8 22.3 35.1

A8Sakharwahi

village

Minimum 40.4 25.9 10.3 16.3Maximum 50.7 32.6 16.3 28.2

NAAQ Standard 100 (24 hrs) 60 (24 hrs) 80 (24 hrs) 80 (24 hrs)

From the above results, it is observed that the ambient air quality with respect to PM10, PM2.5,

SO2 and NOx at all the monitoring locations was within the permissible limits.




11.4.3 Ambient Noise Levels

Ambient noise level monitoring was carried out at the 8 monitoring locations, those were

selected for ambient air quality monitoring. The monitoring results are given in Table 11.3.

Table 11.3: Summary of Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Results

Station Code Location Range [LEQ IN dB(A)] Ld,dB(A)

Ln,dB(A)Minimum Maximum

N1 Project site 41.6 51.9 46.18 44.2

N 2 Tadali village 41.0 48.5 44.52 43.67

N 3 Sakharwahi village 41.2 48.7 44.72 43.87

N 4 Chargaon village 40.8 50.6 46.96 41.97

N 5 Morwa village 43.4 50.9 46.92 46.07

N 6 Yerur village 41.6 49.1 45.12 44.27

N 7 Mursa village 39.6 49.4 45.76 40.97

N 8 Sonegaon village 42.3 49.8 45.82 44.97

11.4.4 Surface and Ground Water Resources & Quality

Water Resources

The proposed project site is almost flat area with elevation ranging from 211 to 213 m MSL..

There is no habitation in or adjacent to the project site. There is no perennial or seasonal

surface water body in or adjacent to the proposed coal washery area. The surface run-off

during monsoon joins nearby seasonal streams.

The general slope of the area is towards south and east. Wardha river, Erai River and Sarai

nala forms the major drainage of the study area. Erai river (9.30 km E) flows from North to

south and joins Wardha river(6.0 km W) at about 20 km SE of the project area. Tadali lake

(4.0 km NE) is another major surface water body in the study area. Sarai nala (3.5 km SW)

and Kantiya Nala (8.7 km NE) are seasonal surface water bodies in the study area. Apart from

these, there are some seasonal streams flowing in the study area. Also, there are a number of

village ponds in the study area of the project.

The project site is located in Chandrapur tehsil of Chandrapur District. The formation exposed

in site location comprises of sequence of Kamthi Barakar Sandstones and Maleri – Talcher

Shale which comes under Gondwana Formation. The elevation observed at project site is

about 211m to 213m. The depth to water level observed in the area ranged from 10m to 20m

bgl during Pre-monsoon and 5m to 10m bgl during Post-monsoon season. Most of the wells

have a falling trend in water level in the range of 0 to 0.20 m (CGWB, Chandrapur Report,

2013). The entire Chandrapur district falls in ‘Safe’ category of ground water development as

stage of ground water development is 14.61% , which is much less than specified limit of

70%.




Water Quality

The existing status of groundwater and surface water quality was assessed by identifying 8

ground water (Bore wells) locations in different villages and 5 surface water samples.

Surface water Quality

The pH of the surface water samples collected was 7.2 to 7.4 and within the acceptable limitof 6.5 to 8.5. The total dissolved solids were found in the range of 193 - 462 mg/l and arewithin the acceptable limit at all locations. The total hardness varied between 97 - 269 mg/land is observed to be within acceptable limit at all locations. In all samples, iron contentvaried in between 0.14 - 0.33 mg/l, Nitrate in between 1.3 – 5.9 mg/l, fluoride varied between0.2 - 0.3 mg/l, chloride 11.8 – 42.7 mg/l, Sulphate 34.0 – 88.7 mg/l, alkalinity 105 – 229 mg/l,calcium 39.8 – 60.9 mg/l and magnesium in between 9.8 – 21.3 mg/l in all samples. Coliformorganisms are observed to be in the range of 11 to 96 MPN/100 ml. It was observed from theanalysis that, the physico-chemical characteristics of the surface water samples are withinpermissible limits for all the parameters except for colofirm organisms. Coliform organismsare observed in all the samples. Thus, the water from all these can be used for drinking &domestic use after proper primary treatment and disinfection.

Groundwater Quality

The pH of the water samples collected ranged from 7.1 to 7.5 and within the acceptable limit

of 6.5 to 8.5. The total dissolved solids were found in the range of 426 - 689 mg/l and is

exceeding the acceptable limit at 6 locations. The total hardness varied between 234 - 418

mg/l and is observed to exceed acceptable limit at all locations but are within permissible

limits at all locations. In all samples, iron content varied in between 0.1 - 0.3 mg/l, Nitrate in

between 0.32 – 1.36 mg/l, fluoride varied between 0.2 - 0.4 mg/l, chloride 34.3 – 102.3 mg/l,

Sulphate 51.6 – 121.2 mg/l, alkalinity 237 – 302 mg/l, calcium 71.4 – 99.2 mg/l and

magnesium in between 14.6 – 52.4 mg/l. The overall ground water quality was found to be

good with slightly higher hardness. The levels of heavy metals content were found to be

within permissible limits. Thus, the ground water is required can be used for drinking and

domestic use after necessary primary treatment, softening and disinfection.

11.4.5 Land use Land Cover classification

Satellite imagery for the 10 km radius study area of the project was obtained and studied for

identifying the different land use land cover patterns. Survey of India toposheets were also

used to corelate with the satellite imagery. Based on the standard land use land cover

classification, area covered in different categories was calculated. The Land Cover classes and

their coverage are summarized in Table 11.4.




Table 11.4: LU/LC classes and their coverage within 10 km radius

LULC Class Area (Sq. Km.) %

Cropland 215.21 65.63

Deciduous 0.39 0.12

Fallow land 7.46 2.28

Mining 16.47 5.02

Reservoirs/ Lakes/ Ponds 6.83 2.08

River/ Stream/ Canals 5.71 1.74

Rural 4.72 1.44

Scrub Forest 5.51 1.68

Scrub land 53.46 16.30

Urban 12.15 3.71

Total 327.91 100.00

11.4.6 Soil Quality

For studying soil profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing

soil conditions in and around the proposed project site representing various land use

conditions. The physical, chemical properties and heavy metals concentrations were

determined. The samples were collected by ramming a core-cutter into the soil up to a depth

of 15-20 cm. Total 3 samples within the study area were collected and analyzed.

From the analysis results of the soil samples, it was observed that the soil was low to medium

fertile and having low productivity. The soil in the study area needs additional fertilizers for

improving the fertility status and increase in crop productivity. Overall the soil quality in the

area was found to poor to medium fertile with moderate productivity.


Forests

The project site is located adjacent to private railway siding of M/s Vimla Infrastructure

(India) Pvt. Ltd. and MIDC Tadali Industrial area. Forest area in the study area includes

Morwa Reserved Forest (1.4 km E) and Bhandak Reserved Forest (9.1 km NE). Tadoba-

Andhari Tiger reserve Ecosensitive zone is located at approx. 15 km NE of the project site.

There is no other forest area, National Park, Wildlife sanctuary or Biosphere reserve within

the 10 km radius study area of the project.

Flora

Flora (Plant Species): The forest mainly comprises of moist deciduous mix forests. Some of

the common trees present in this area are Mango, Arjun, Bel, Bija, Jamun, Ain, Behada,

Shishamtendu, Hirda, Haldu, Kuda, Kusum, Bamboo, Kadam and many others. The main

species of grasses includes Gawat, Mussam, Khus, Kusal and Chirkhus. Shrub species like

Kuda, Tarota, Kudgudi, Tarwad, Gokhru & Neel are also present extensively. Gond and Madia




tribes are the main tribes that reside in the jungles. They still completely depend upon the

forest for living & fulfill their need for food, timber, grass and wood. Madia and Gondi are

their languages.

Fauna

The core zone is located adjacent to existing railway siding and is located near the MIDC

Tadali industrial area, wherein some industries are already operating, there is no wild

animals observed within or in the vicinity of the project site. Wild fauna occassionaly

observed in the project site comprise of common small animals such as Five striped squirrel,

Field rat, Common house rat, common grey mongoose, Hanuman Langur, etc and birds like

Blue rock piegeon, House crow, Pariah kite, Myna, Koel, etc.

Buffer Zone

Chandrapur region has large areas covered with forest which form undisturbed tracts with a

very sparse population. Naturally this forest with luxurious vegetation harbors a large variety

of animals.

From the forest working plan, it is known that Chital, Sambhar and Nilgai cause damage to the

crop. So also wild boar uproots young seedlings and bamboo clumps. Porcupine eats outer

bark of Haldu, Moha, Bhilwa and Amaltas. Bear dig the soil near the root of the tree in search

of rodents.

As per the forest working plan, this division is a heaven for migratory birds.The presence of

big water bodies like Erai dam, Chargao, Mohali, Junona, Naleshwar tank are main visiting

places for the winter visitors. The prominent visitors are Coots, teals, pintails, bar headed

geese, pochards, mallards, gadusal, and Shovellar are regular visitors. Sarus cranes are also

resident of Junona Lake. Besides these winter visitors there are variety of resident birds like

peafowls, Partridges, jungle fowl, quails, green pigeon, tits, babblers, robins, bulbul,

flycatchers, shriker, drongo, warblers, mynas, weaver birds, munias, wagtails, woodpeckers,

cuckoos, owls, etc.

11.4.8 Socio-economic Environment

Information on socio-demographic status and the trends of the communities in the 10 km

radius, was collected through primary social survey and secondary data from census 2011.

Summary of the socio-economic status of the study area is given in Table 11.5.

Table 11.5: Summary of Socio-economic Environment of villages within 10 km radius

area

Particulars Numbers %No. of villages 46No. of Household 34752Total Population 145141




Total Male 75434 51.97Total Female 69707 48.03Population SC 27839 19.18Population ST 11568 7.97Total Literate 111666 76.94Male Literate 61000 42.03Female Literate 50666 34.91Total workers 55491 38.23Total main workers 48641 33.51Cultivators 5846 12.02Agriculture Labors 8489 17.45Household Industries 1219 2.51Other workers 33093 68.04Total Marginal Workers 6850 4.72Total Non workers 89650 61.77

11.5 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

11.5.1 Identified Impacts during construction phase and proposed mitigation

measures

Ambient Air Quality

During construction phase, dust will be the main pollutant, which will be generated from the

site development activities and vehicular movement on the road. Further, concentration of

NOx and CO may also slightly increase due to increased vehicular traffic. Sprinkling of water

at regular intervals preferably using truck-mounted sprinklers along the roads and work zone

areas will be carried out to control fugitive dust emissions.

Water resources and Quality

There is no surface water stream within the proposed project site. There will not be any

process wastewater generation during the construction phase. The surface run-off during

rainy season from the broken up areas containing silt wash off may be carried to the seasonal

steams flowing outside the project area. Wastewater generation during the construction

period will be from domestic effluent from the sanitation facilities provided for the workers.

The earth work (cutting and filling) will be avoided during rainy season. In-plant roads will be

concreted/blacktopped. Soil binding and fast growing vegetation will be grown within the

plant premises to arrest the soil erosion. Mobile toilets will be prodiced to construction

workers.

Ambient Noise Levels

The major sources of noise during the construction phase are vehicular traffic, construction

equipment like dozers, scrapers, concrete mixers, cranes, pumps, compressors, pneumatic




tools, saws, vibrators etc. Equipment will be maintained appropriately to keep the noise level

within 85 dB(A). Wherever possible, equipment will be provided with silencers and mufflers.

Acoustic enclosures will be provided to stationary machines like DG Sets, wherever possible.

High noise generating construction activities will be restricted to day time only. Greenbelt

will be developed from construction stage. Further, workers working in high noise areas will

be provided with necessary protective devices e.g. ear plug, ear-muffs etc.

Ecology & Land environment

Proposed site of the 1.5 MTPA coal washery is located at uncultivated land surrounded by

some agriculture fields, railway siding and industrial area. The majority of local vegetation in

project site is of seasonal shrubs, herbs and grasses and naturally grown local tree species. No

tree cutting is planned. Plant design is made such that the existing trees will be protected as it

is. Development of green belt around the periphery of the project site and along the approach

road will be taken up during construction phase.

11.5.2 Identified Impacts during Operation phase and proposed mitigation

measures

11.5.2.1 Ambient Air Quality

Impacts on Air Quality

Ambient air quality modeling was carried out to assess the impacts on air quality due to

proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery project of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.

AERMOD Cloud Model was used for assessing air pollution load from washery operations.

The predicted maximum- incremental GLC (24-hour average) of PM10 due to operations at

coal washery, as predicted by air modelling was 2.86 µg/m³ at 900 m S of the coal washery

area.

From the observations of modeling results, it is observed that the predicted concentrations of

PM10 in the study area will remain within the permissible limits after establishment of the

coal washery project.


• Minimise transport of coal through trucks by maximum use of railway siding.

• Coal transport by trucks covered with tarpaulin sheets, where rail network does not exist.

• Concreting/blacktopping of internal roads to avoid generation of dust.

• Plantation of tall trees with thick folliage ;

• Continuous water sprinkling will be applied to cover railway wagons width during unloading.

• Provision of fixed water sprinklers at loading / unloading site within the plant.

• Provision of bag filters of adequate capacity for coal crushers.




• Provision of dust extraction / water sprinkling arrangement at all transfer points.

• Periodic monitoring of ambient air quality in plant premises and in nearby villages.

11.5.2.2 Ambient Noise Levels

For predicting the impacts on ambient noise levels, 'DHWANI' Noise model, developed by

NEERI was used. From the modeling results, it was observed that the resultant noise levels at

the plant boundary will be about 65 dB(A), which will further reduce over short distance. The

resultant noise levels due to plant operations at the nearest habitation i.e. Sakharwahi village

was about 45 dB(A). Thus, it can be seen that no significant impact will take place on the

ambient noise levels due to the proposed coal washery project operations.

Proposed Noise Control Measures

• Provision of noise attenuation measures during Design and layout of building;

• Use of lagging with attenuation properties on plant components / installation of sound

attenuation panels around the equipment;

• Provision of acoustic enclosures to stationary equipment like crushers & screens, DG

sets, etc.;

• Periodic maintenance of equipment and machinery;

• Provision of ear muffs/ear plugs to workers exposed to high noise generating areas;

• Job rotation for workers working in high noise generating areas;

• Development of thick green belt around plant boundary and within plant premises;

• Regulating speed of transportation vehicles to below 40 KMPH;

• Periodical monitoring of noise in the plant premises and in nearby villages;

11.5.2.3 Water Resources & Quality

Impact on Water Resources & Quality

There is no surface water stream flowing within or adjacent to the applied project site. At

present, the surface run-off from the applied project area flows along the natural slope of the

area and joins seasonal streams flowing outside the project site. Wardha river, Erai River and

Sarai nala forms the major drainage of the study area.

About 386 m3/day make up water is required for industrial and domestic purposes during

the operation phase of the proposed coal washery project. The water requirement will be

fulfilled from ground water. Rainwater harvesting will be carried out in the coal washery

plant and the harvested rainwater will be used in coal washing process to the extent possible.

NOC from CGWA will be obtained before start of coal washery operations. Applied project

area falls in ‘Safe zone’ for ground water drawal.




The potential sources of wastewater / effluent generation in the proposed coal washery

project are Storm water run-off carrying coal particles & silt, Coal washery effluent and

domestic effluent from plant premises. These effluents / wastewater, if discharged to

environment (surface streams / land), will not only increase the plant water requirement, but

will also cause significant pollution of the receiving water bodies / land surfaces.

Proposed Water Conservation & Water Pollution Control Measures

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will implement ‘Zero Effluent Discharge’ system.

Entire waste water after treatment will be re circulated in process by close circuit system. For

domestic waste water treatment, package type of STP is proposed. This will drastically reduce

the fresh water requirement in the plant and will also protect the water quality of surface

water resources flowing outside the plant area.

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will also implement rainwater harvesting measures

in the plant premises. This will involve collection of the storm water run-off from the plant

premises to a settling tank and use of the properly settled water in coal washing process, dust

suppression and plantation in the plant premises.

11.5.2.4 Land Use Pattern

The proposed coal washery project will be located in 7.5 Ha area. The land is already owned

by M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. and comprise of uncultivated land. The existing

land use of the core zone will be changed into industrial area due to set up of coal washery.

Out of total 7.5 Ha area, plant will be established in 2.25 Ha area, green belt and plantation

will cover 2.6 Ha area, coal storage and reject disposal will be carried out in 1.05 Ha area and

raw water reservoir& RWH structure will be provided in 1.2 Ha area. Thus, entire land use

pattern of the core zone will be changed.

Measures to avoid impact on land use pattern

• Green belt development will be taken up during construction stage;

• Entire plant area will be aesthetically landscaped;

• Stacking of raw coal, washed coal and coal rejects will be carried out at designated areas

within the plant premises..

• Internal roads will be cemented / black topped and maintained periodically.

• Plantation will be developed along the PWD roads used for coal transport.

• Suitable air pollution control measures will be adopted, to control dust emission and

deposition on the agriculture crops / land surrounding the plant premises.

• No effluent will be discharged outside the plant premises.

11.5.2.5 Solid Waste Generation & Management

The types of solid waste and their estimated quantities are given in Table 11.6.




TABLE 11.6: SOLID WASTE GENERATION

Sr. No. Type of solid waste Estimated daily

Quantity

Estimated annual

quantity

1 Reject coal 1470 tonnes per day 0.441 MTPA

2 Sludge from thickener 2.5 TPD 750 tonnes per annum

3. Spent oil & Grease 0.5 kg/day ~ 150 kg per annum

4. Damaged/worn out machine

parts

- ~ 3 TPA

5. Domestic waste 5 kg per day 1500 kg per annum

Solid waste management:

• Washery reject coal will be sold to nearby CFBC based thermal power plants and

cement plants and Brick kiln operators.

• Thickener sludge will be mixed with washery reject coal and will be dispatched to the

user industries.

• The oil and grease will be collected and stored in leak proof containers in store rooms

with concrete floorings. This will be sold to the CPCB/MPCB authorized recycling

vendors periodically.

• The organic and inorganic wastes will be segregated at site itself. Organics will be used

for composting and the compost will be used as manure for plantation in green belt

area. The inorganic waste material will be sold to authorised vendors.

11.5.2.6 Biological Environment

There is no Forest land, National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary and Biosphere Reserve within 10

km radius of the project site. No rare, endemic & endangered species are reported in the

buffer zone. Agricultural crops may be affected when exposed to high concentrations of

various air pollutants especially particulate matter (dust) & SO2. This may result in crop

damage and loss in agriculture produce to the nearby farmers.

Proposed Biological Environment Conservation Measures

1. Maximise coal transportation through rail mode.

2. Periodic maintenance of coal transport road in collaboration with PWD

3. Regular water sprinkling on PWD road used for coal transport.

4. Covered coal Transport system

• Monitoring of dust fall at agriculture land located nearby the coal washery

11.5.2.7 Socio-economic Environment

• There is no rehabilitation and resettlement involved in the project.




• The proposed coal washery will require about 45 workers as direct employees during

operation phase while 50 persons will get employment during construction phase.

Secondary employment is expected to be generated for more than 100 local persons.

• Under the Corporate Social Responsibility of the company, M/s Vimla Infrastructure

(India) Pvt. Ltd. will take up various socio-economic development programmes in the

nearby villages, which will improve socio-economic status of the nearby villages.

11.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

An Environmental Management Cell (EMC) will be established for the coal washery project

under the control of G.M. (Coal washery). The EMC will look after the environmental

management of the proposed project. The EMC will be headed by an Environmental Manager

having adequate qualification and experience in the field of environmental management.

Environmental monitoring of ambient air quality, surface and ground water quality, ambient

noise levels, etc will be carried out through MOEF accredited agencies regularly and reports

will be submitted to MPCB/MoEF.

11.7 RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

The assessment of risk in the proposed coal washery project has been estimated for fire,

explosion and toxicity and corresponding mitigation measures are suggested in the Draft

EIA/EMP report.

A detailed Disaster Management Plan for facing disasters due to natural effects and human

reasons, is prepared and incorporated in the draft EIA/EMP report for ensuring safety of life,

protection of environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage

operations in this same order of priorities. For effective implementation of Disaster

Management Plan, it will be widely circulated and personnel training through rehearsals. Site

facilities, procedures, Duties and responsibilities, Communications, etc. are considered in

detail in the Disaster Management Plan.

11.8 PROJECT BENEFITS

The proposed coal washery project at Tadali village would provide development of area and

consequent indirect and direct job opportunities which would finally result in improvement

in the quality of life of people in the nearby villages around the coal washery site. In line with

this CSR policy, M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will carry community welfare

activities in the following areas:

• Health & Sanitation

• Drinking water

• Education for poor

• Economic upliftment

• Village roads & Lighting




A budget of Rs. 44.25 Lakh has been proposed for implementation of Socio-economic welfare

activities in the nearby villages under CER.

11.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

An Environmental Management Plan comprise of following set of mitigation, management,

monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during implementation and operation of

the project, to eliminate adverse environmental impacts or reduce them to acceptable levels.

• Overall conservation of environment.

• Minimization of natural resources and water.

• Safety, welfare and good health of the work force and populace.

• Ensure effective operation of all control measures.

• Vigilance against probable disasters and accidents.

• Monitoring of cumulative and longtime impacts.

• Ensure effective operation of all control measures.

• Control of waste generation and pollution.

Judicious use of the environmental management plan addresses the components of

environment, which are likely to be affected by the different operations in the project. A

budget of Rs. 222.3 Lakh as capital cost and Rs. 72.25 Lakh as recurring expenses has been

allocated for implementation of the Environmental Management Plan.

11.10 CONCLUSION

The proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery project of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will

be beneficial for the development of the nearby villages. Some environmental aspects like

dust emission, noise, wastewater generation, traffic density, etc will have to be controlled

within the permissible norms to avoid impacts on the surrounding environment. Adequate

environmental pollution control equipments like bag house, water sprinklers, enclosures,

thickener, etc. will be provided to control pollution within permissible limits. Measures like

development of thick green belt and plantation within plant premises and along transport

road, adoption of rainwater harvesting in the plant and in nearby villages, etc will be

implemented. The CSR measures proposed to be adopted by the company will improve the

social, economic and infrastructure availability status of the nearby villages.

The overall impacts of the proposed coal washery will be positive and will result in overall

socio-economic growth of nearby villages.


CHAPTER 12:DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED


CHAPTER 12: DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

12.1 INTRODUCTION TO PECS

Pollution & Ecology Control Services (PECS) established and NABET accredited

Environmental Consultant and Engineers based in Nagpur and working since last 21

years. We are having tie up with well equipped laboratory for field studies as well as for

testing and monitoring of Air, Water, Noise, Soil and other related activities of

Environment of Mines and Industries.

PECS is having a qualified and experience staff comprising of trained professionals in

their respective fields. PECS is backed by the services of retired scientists form National

Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) and retired Engineers of

Thermal Power Stations and Coal India Ltd. A team of experience Geologists is with us

for various surveys. PECS is also having a computers and software facility for modeling

purposes.

PECS is specialized in Environmental Services as mentioned below:-

o Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

o Environmental Risk Analysis and Assessment.

o Monitoring of Air, Water, Noise and Soil.

o Preparation of Documents for Clearance of Forest Land.

o Environmental Management Plan.

o Environment Audit Statement.

o Disaster Management Plan.

o Study and Treatment of Industrial Effluents.

o Design, Engineering and Commissioning of Effluent Treatment Plant,

Sewage

Treatment Plant and Water Treatment Plant.

o Designing, Engineering and Commissioning of Air Pollution Control

Devices.


CHAPTER 12:DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED


o Dust Suppression.

o Dealing with Solid Waste Management.

o Planning on Waste Recycle, Reuse and Control

o Follow up with Explosive Department and IBM, HQ, Nagpur.

o Preparation of “ON SITE” and “OFF SITE” emergency plans and health

survey.

o Geo Hydrological, Ground and Surface Water Survey and Transit Survey.

o Rain water harvesting including design and execution.

o Clearing of Project form Ministry of Environment and Forest, New Delhi

(MOEF),) and State Pollution Control Board (SPCB)/SEIAA.

PECS has completed more than 50 projects in EIA sector successfully since its

incorporation.

No.IA-J-11015/145/2018-IA-II(M)

Goverment of India

Minister of Enviroment,Forest and Climate Change

Impact Assessment Division

***

Indira Paryavaran Bhavan,

Vayu Wing,3rd Floor,Aliganj,

Jor Bagh Road,New Delhi-110003

28 Apr 2019

To,

M/s VIMLA INFRASTRUCTURE INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED

Tadali Gram Panchayat Village Tadali, Tehsil & District Chandrapur, Maharashtra,

Chandrapur-442406

Maharashtra

Tel.No.07172-237087; Email:[email protected]

Sir/Madam,

This has reference to the proposal submitted in the Ministry of Environment, Forest

and Climate Change to prescribe the Terms of Reference (TOR) for undertaking detailed EIA

study for the purpose of obtaining Environmental Clearance in accordance with the provisions of

the EIA Notification, 2006. For this purpose, the proponent had submitted online information in the

prescribed format (Form-1 ) along with a Pre-feasibility Report. The details of the proposal are

given below:

1. Proposal No.: IA/MH/CMIN/83706/2018

2. Name of the Proposal:

Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal Washery (Wet

process) by M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt.

Ltd.

3. Category of the Proposal: Coal Mining

4. Project/Activity applied for: 2(a) Coal washeries

5. Date of submission for TOR: 15 Feb 2019

In this regard, under the provisions of the EIA Notification 2006 as amended, the Standard TOR

for the purpose of preparing environment impact assessment report and environment

management plan for obtaining prior environment clearance is prescribed with public consultation

as follows:

Annexure I

STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE

2(a):STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTINGENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR COALWASHERIES PROJECTS AND INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDEDIN EIA/EMP REPORT

1) Siting of washery is critical considering to its environmental impacts. Preference should be given tothe site located at pit head; in case such a site is not available, the site should be as close to the pithead as possible and coal should be transported from mine to the washery preferably through closedconveyer belt to avoid air pollution.

2) The washery shall not be located in eco-sensitive zones areas.

3) The washery should have a closed system and zero discharge. The storm drainage should be treatedin settling ponds before discharging into rivers/streams/water bodies.

4) A thick Green belt of about 50 m width should be developed surrounding the washery.

5) A brief description of the plant alongwith a layout, the specific technology used and the source ofcoal should be provided.

6) The EIA-EMP Repot should cover the impacts and management plan for the project of the capacityfor which EC is sought and the impacts of specific activities, including the technology used andcoal used, on the environment of the area (within 10km radius), and the environmental quality ofair, water, land, biotic community, etc. through collection of data and information, generation ofdata on impacts for the rated capacity. Cumulative impacts for air and water should be a part of ElAin case coal mine, TPP and other washeries are located within 10km radius. The ElA should alsoinclude mitigative measures needed to minimize adverse environmental impacts.

7) A Study Area Map of the core zone as well as the 10km area of buffer zone showing major industries/mines and other polluting sources should be submitted. These maps shall also indicate the migratorycorridors of fauna, if any and areas of endangered fauna; plants of medicinal and economicimportance; any ecologically sensitive areas within the 10 km buffer zone; the shortest distancefrom the National Park/WL Sanctuary Tiger Reserve, etc. alongwith the comments of the ChiefWildlife Warden of the State Government.

8) Data of one-season (non-monsoon) primary- base-line data on environmental quality of air (PM10,PM2.5, SOx and NOx, noise, water (surface and groundwater), soil be submitted.

9) The wet washery should generally utilize mine water only. In case mine water is not available, theoption of storage of rain water and its use should be examined. Use of surface water and groundwater should be avoided.

10) Detailed water balance should be provided. The break-up of water requirement as per differentactivities in the mining operations vis-a-vis washery should be given. If the source of water is fromsurface water and/or ground water, the same may be justified besides obtaining approval of theCompetent Authority for its drawl.

STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FORPROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE

11) The entire sequence of mineral production, transportation, handling, transfer and storage of mineraland waste, if any, and their impacts on air quality should be shown in a flow chart with specificpoints where fugitive emissions can arise and specific pollution control/mitigative measures proposedto be put in place. The washed coal and rejects should be transport by train as far as possible. Roadtransport of washed coal and rejects should generally be avoided. In case, the TPP is within 10kmradius, it should be through conveyer belt. If transport by rail is not feasible because of the topographyof the area, the option for transport by road be examined in detail and its impacts along with themitigation measures should be clearly brought out in ElA/EMP report.

12) Details of various facilities proposed to be provided in terms of parking, rest areas, canteen etc.tothe personnel involved in mineral transportation, workshop and effluents/pollution load from theseactivities should be provided.

13) Impacts of CHP, if any, on air and water quality should also be spelt out alongwith Action Plan.

14) O.M. no. J-llOI3/25/2014-IA.I dated 11th August, 2014 to be followed with regard to CSR activities.

15) Details of Public Hearing, Notice(s) issued in newspapers, proceedings/minutes of Public Hearing,points raised by the general public and response/commitments made by the proponent along withthe Action Plan and budgetary provisions be submitted in tabular form. If the Public Hearing is inthe regional language, an authenticated English translation of the same should be provided. Statusof any litigations/ court cases filed/pending, if any, against the project should be mentioned in EIA.

16) Analysis of samples indicating the following be submitted:

Characteristics of coal prior to washing (this includes grade of coal, other characteristics of ash, Sand heavy levels of metals such as Hg, As, Pb, Cr etc).

Characteristics and quantum of coal after washing.

Characteristics and quantum of coal rejects.

17) Details of management/disposal/use of coal rejects should be provided. The rejects should be usedin TPP located close to the washery as far as possible. If TPP is within a reasonable distance (10km), transportation should be by conveyor belt. If it is far away, the transportation should be by railas far as possible.

18) Copies of MOU/Agreement with linkages (for stand-alone washery) for the capacity for which ECis being sought should be submitted.

19) Corporate Environment Responsibility:

a) The Company must have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by the Board ofDirectors.

b) The Environment Policy must prescribe for standard operating process/procedures to bringinto focus any infringements/deviation/violation of the environmental or forest norms/conditions.

c) The hierarchical system or Administrative Order of the company to deal with environmental

STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE

issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions must befurnished.

d) To have proper checks and balances, the company should have a well laid down system ofreporting of non-compliances/violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors ofthe company and/or shareholders or stakeholders at large.

20) A detailed action Plan for Corporate Social Responsibility for the project affected people and peopleliving in and around the project area should be provided.

21) Permission of drawl of water shall be pre-requisite for consideration of EC.

22) Wastewater /effluent should confirm to the effluent standards as prescribed under Environment(Protection) Act, 1986

23) Details of washed coal, middling and rejects along with the MoU with the end-users should besubmitted.

***

PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx

μg/m3

μg/m3

μg/m3

μg/m3

1/3/2019 53.8 30 17 29.5

2/3/2019 50.3 29.7 22.1 38.3

8/3/2019 57.4 32.2 20.8 32.7

9/3/2019 52 29.3 18.4 31.8

15/03/2019 63.6 28.1 13.9 17.6

16/03/2019 49.7 27.4 18.1 31.5

22/03/2019 48.2 27.5 20.9 36.3

23/03/2019 50.4 28.6 23.2 34.5

29/03/2019 58.7 27.2 20.8 35.6

30/03/2019 44.3 25.4 14.4 29

5/4/2019 47 26.8 12.7 21.7

6/4/2019 48.7 28.4 12.3 20.9

12/4/2019 50.5 27.5 22.3 18.4

13/04/2019 65.2 26.8 13.2 22.3

19/04/2019 51 28.9 17.5 30

20/04/2019 56.4 31.7 20.4 34.9

26/04/2019 60.4 27.3 11.2 29.7

27/04/2019 47.1 28.8 18.8 32.2

3/5/2019 60 27.5 17.8 30

4/5/2019 49.2 25.9 16.3 32.2

10/5/2019 59.7 29.1 14.2 24.3

11/5/2019 58.6 26.1 14.6 25.2

17/05/2019 50.8 25.9 16.2 28

18/05/2019 55 30.6 17.1 29.6

24/05/2019 48.7 27.7 16.3 28.1

25/05/2019 52.9 29.7 14.8 25.4

44.3 25.4 11.2 17.6

65.2 32.2 23.2 38.3

53.4 28.2 17.1 28.8

64.4 32 22.8 37.3

Average

98 percentile

W-11

W-12

W-13

Minimum

Maximum

W-10

W-4

W-5

W-6

W-7

W-8

W-9

Table – 3.5A: AAQ OBSERVATIONS : PROJECT SITE (A -

1)

Week Date

W-1

W-2

W-3

Annexure II

PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx

μg/m3

μg/m3

μg/m3

μg/m3

1/3/2019 44.6 24.1 10.7 21.5

2/3/2019 50.3 24.4 12.3 20.2

8/3/2019 47.1 25.9 12 32.7

9/3/2019 43.6 23.8 10.3 20.8

15/03/2019 41.3 28.1 9.6 17.6

16/03/2019 46.6 25.2 10 19.8

22/03/2019 49.3 26.8 10.5 18.8

23/03/2019 43.6 23.8 8.9 18.6

29/03/2019 43.2 23.8 11.9 18.6

30/03/2019 44.3 25.4 14.4 21.7

5/4/2019 43.2 23.4 14.1 23.7

6/4/2019 48.7 24.3 13 20.3

12/4/2019 50.5 22.7 22.3 18.4

13/04/2019 46.4 25.3 12 22.4

19/04/2019 42.1 23.1 11.2 20.6

20/04/2019 56.4 33.6 11 25.4

26/04/2019 42 23.1 11.2 17.6

27/04/2019 47.1 23.6 9.9 17

3/5/2019 47.9 26.4 11 18.3

4/5/2019 49.2 25.2 11.1 32.2

10/5/2019 47.7 25.9 11.2 19.7

11/5/2019 41.7 22.6 11.9 20.6

17/05/2019 50.8 23.9 11.1 18.9

18/05/2019 47.3 25.6 13.9 17.8

24/05/2019 47.8 25.9 13.5 20.1

25/05/2019 42.4 23.1 11.6 22.1

41.3 22.6 8.9 17

56.4 33.6 22.3 32.7

46.4 25 11.9 21

53.6 30.9 18.4 32.5

W-12

W-13

Minimum

Maximum

Average

98 percentile

W-6

W-7

W-8

W-9

W-10

W-11

Table – 3.5B: AAQ OBSERVATIONS : Chichala Village (A -

2)

Week Date

W-1

W-2

W-3

W-4

W-5

PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx

μg/m3

μg/m3

μg/m3

μg/m3

1/3/2019 45.6 24.8 12 18.3

2/3/2019 50.3 30 14.2 18.9

8/3/2019 48.8 28.1 15.2 32.7

9/3/2019 44.2 25.3 13.8 23.2

15/03/2019 42.8 28.1 17.4 16.3

16/03/2019 41.1 23.2 13.9 22.2

22/03/2019 41 24.3 13.4 22.3

23/03/2019 44 25.2 12.4 20.9

29/03/2019 40.8 23.7 15 24.7

30/03/2019 44.3 25.4 14.4 29.4

5/4/2019 40 22.8 13.3 28.5

6/4/2019 48.7 24.4 18 22.2

12/4/2019 50.5 24.6 21.8 18.4

13/04/2019 40.6 23.4 13.9 26.3

19/04/2019 41.5 23.9 16.4 22.5

20/04/2019 51.3 31.8 18.3 24.6

26/04/2019 41.9 24.3 11.2 29.3

27/04/2019 47.1 23.7 14.8 22.7

3/5/2019 41.2 26.3 15.1 25

4/5/2019 49.2 22.9 14.7 32.2

10/5/2019 46.3 26.4 13.7 22.2

11/5/2019 39.9 22.8 14.1 23.9

17/05/2019 50.8 27 13.9 20.6

18/05/2019 46.8 23.9 12.2 25

24/05/2019 41.5 26.5 12.8 21.8

25/05/2019 44.2 24.4 13.5 21.1

39.9 22.8 11.2 16.3

51.3 31.8 21.8 32.7

44.808 25.312 14.636 23.764

51.06 30.936 20.12 32.4698 percentile

W-10

W-11

W-12

W-13

Minimum

Maximum

W-4

W-5

W-6

W-7

W-8

W-9

Table – 3.5C: AAQ OBSERVATIONS : Goraja Village (A -

3)

Week Date

W-1

W-2

W-3

Average

PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx

μg/m3

μg/m3

μg/m3

μg/m3

3/3/2019 48.2 30.3 14.2 29.1

4/3/2019 50.3 27.9 16.4 26.4

10/3/2019 49.4 30.7 17.4 32.7

11/3/2019 44.8 28 16 35.6

17/03/2019 47.4 28.1 19.6 14.6

18/03/2019 49.6 25.5 16.1 29.3

24/03/2019 48.2 31.1 15.6 28.1

25/03/2019 43.5 28.5 14.6 26.1

31/03/2019 45.9 34.7 17.2 32.8

1/4/2019 44.3 25.4 14.4 30.3

7/4/2019 50.4 28.6 15.5 28.2

8/4/2019 48.7 27.2 20.2 36.9

14/04/2019 50.5 27.4 21.5 18.4

15/04/2019 51.8 28.9 16.1 29

21/04/2019 49.3 20.5 18.6 36.5

22/04/2019 55.2 31.8 20.5 33.5

28/04/2019 52.3 27.9 19.5 31.3

29/04/2019 47.1 28.4 17 30.4

5/5/2019 51.2 27.3 17.3 30.5

6/5/2019 49.2 28.1 16.9 32.2

12/5/2019 49.9 28.4 15.9 28.8

13/05/2019 52.2 26.5 16.3 29.7

19/05/2019 50.8 29.3 16.1 29.3

20/05/2019 45.6 27.8 14.4 26

26/05/2019 43.4 26.1 15 27.1

27/05/2019 41.5 27.7 15.7 28.4

43.4 20.5 14.2 14.6

55.2 34.7 21.5 36.9

48.768 28.176 16.892 29.312

53.808 33.308 21.02 36.708

W-13

Minimum

Maximum

Average

98 percentile

W-6

W-7

W-8

W-9

W-10

W-11

Table – 3.5D: AAQ OBSERVATIONS : Sonegaon Village (A

-4)Sonegaonvillage

Week Date

W-1

W-2

W-3

W-4

W-5

W-12

PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx

μg/m3

μg/m3

μg/m3

μg/m3

3/3/2019 49.9 23.9 16.2 30.1

4/3/2019 50.3 25.4 15.3 23.7

10/3/2019 53.1 25 15.1 32.7

11/3/2019 48.5 27.6 13.4 25.4

17/03/2019 54.9 28.1 15.2 19.4

18/03/2019 45.4 25.1 12.6 24.8

24/03/2019 45.3 23.3 14.6 27.5

25/03/2019 48.3 30.7 13.2 27.4

31/03/2019 53.2 27.4 13.2 25.4

1/4/2019 44.3 25.4 14.4 29.4

7/4/2019 44.3 24.3 16.7 27.1

8/4/2019 48.7 27.9 18.3 34.7

14/04/2019 50.5 26.3 20.4 18.4

15/04/2019 54.4 27.5 16.6 30.7

21/04/2019 51.1 31.1 18.2 28.1

22/04/2019 52.7 29.7 20.5 31

28/04/2019 50.3 25.6 13.2 31.3

29/04/2019 47.1 30.6 18 32.5

5/5/2019 48.5 27.3 15 29.3

6/5/2019 49.2 27.8 13.8 32.2

12/5/2019 50.6 25 12.5 28.3

13/05/2019 50.6 23.2 12.5 27.2

19/05/2019 50.8 24.8 14.1 30

20/05/2019 51.1 27.7 14.6 28.2

26/05/2019 58.1 25 12.8 25.3

27/05/2019 48.5 24.4 15.5 29.2

44.3 23.2 12.5 18.4

58.1 31.1 20.5 34.7

50.048 26.628 15.216 28.004

56.564 30.908 20.452 33.74

Average

98 percentile

W-11

W-12

W-13

Minimum

Maximum

W-10

W-4

W-5

W-6

W-7

W-8

W-9

Table – 3.5E: AAQ OBSERVATIONS : Tadali Village (A -5)

Week Date

W-1

W-2

W-3

PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx

μg/m3

μg/m3

μg/m3

μg/m3

3/3/2019 50.1 23.7 11.4 18.4

4/3/2019 50.3 23.6 13.6 21.9

10/3/2019 49.4 24.7 14.6 32.7

11/3/2019 57.4 22.2 13.2 21.3

17/03/2019 47.4 28.1 16.8 20.1

18/03/2019 49.6 24.4 13.3 21.6

24/03/2019 48.2 23.8 12.8 20.6

25/03/2019 53.4 21.7 11.8 18.8

31/03/2019 50.8 23.1 14.4 22.9

1/4/2019 44.3 25.4 14.4 29.5

7/4/2019 50.4 24.7 12.7 20.6

8/4/2019 48.7 20.6 17.4 28.5

14/04/2019 50.5 23.5 20.9 18.4

15/04/2019 51.8 25.6 13.3 21.4

21/04/2019 49.3 24.5 15.8 25.5

22/04/2019 56.4 33.6 17.7 28.5

28/04/2019 52.3 26.1 12.5 23.5

29/04/2019 47.1 24.9 14.2 22.7

5/5/2019 51.2 25.7 14.5 22.8

6/5/2019 49.2 25.6 14.1 32.2

12/5/2019 49.9 24.6 13.1 21.2

13/05/2019 52.2 25.6 13.5 22

19/05/2019 50.8 22.9 13.3 21.6

20/05/2019 55.6 22.5 11.6 18.7

26/05/2019 45.4 21.5 12.2 19.6

27/05/2019 51.1 20.6 12.9 20.8

44.3 20.6 11.4 18.4

57.4 33.6 20.9 32.7

50.468 24.504 14.124 23

56.92 30.96 19.364 32.46

Table – 3.5F: AAQ OBSERVATIONS : Marodia Village (A -

6)

Week

W-3

Average

98 percentile

W-10

W-11

W-12

W-4

W-5

W-6

W-7

W-8

W-9

W-13

Minimum

Maximum

Date

W-1

W-2

PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx

μg/m3

μg/m3

μg/m3

μg/m3

5/3/2019 51.2 31.5 15.3 30.2

6/3/2019 50.3 29.4 17.3 27.3

12/3/2019 62.4 31.7 18.4 32.7

13/03/2019 53.8 29.1 17.1 33.9

19/03/2019 49.1 28.1 20.4 23.5

20/03/2019 51.7 26.7 17.3 30.5

26/03/2019 50.2 32.4 16.9 29.4

27/03/2019 54.6 29.7 15.8 27.3

2/4/2019 48.2 35.8 18.3 30.2

3/4/2019 45.1 25.4 14.4 31.7

9/4/2019 52.7 29.8 16.7 29.4

10/4/2019 60.7 28.5 21.5 28.3

16/04/2019 50.5 28.7 22.3 19.3

17/04/2019 54.1 30.3 17.5 30.4

23/04/2019 63.7 21.6 19.7 34.2

24/04/2019 56.4 33.6 22.1 35.1

30/04/2019 54.6 29.3 11.2 32.7

1/5/2019 47.1 29.9 18.5 31.9

7/5/2019 53.5 28.5 18.5 31.7

8/5/2019 49.2 29.4 18.2 32.2

14/05/2019 50.5 29.3 16.8 29.7

15/05/2019 54.5 27.6 17.4 30.8

21/05/2019 50.8 30.3 17.1 30.3

22/05/2019 49.1 29.1 15.7 27.3

28/05/2019 58.4 27.3 16.2 28.3

29/05/2019 52.8 29.2 17.2 29.9

45.1 21.6 11.2 19.3

63.7 35.8 22.3 35.1

52.896 29.32 17.624 29.932

63.076 34.744 22.204 34.668

W-12

W-13

Minimum

Maximum

Average

98 percentile

W-6

W-7

W-8

W-9

W-10

W-11

Table – 3.5G: AAQ OBSERVATIONS : Ghugus Village (A -

7)

Week Date

W-1

W-2

W-3

W-4

W-5

PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx

μg/m3

μg/m3

μg/m3

μg/m3

5/3/2019 45.2 28.8 11.3 18.5

6/3/2019 44.6 28.6 12.3 18

12/3/2019 46.4 29.9 12.7 18.7

13/03/2019 41.8 26.8 11.5 19.9

19/03/2019 44.4 28.3 10.4 17.6

20/03/2019 46.6 29.7 11.7 17.3

26/03/2019 45.2 28.9 13.2 23.3

27/03/2019 40.5 26 14.5 20.4

2/4/2019 42.9 27.7 12.9 23.2

3/4/2019 45.1 28.7 14.4 18.7

9/4/2019 47.4 30.2 13.1 21.3

10/4/2019 41.8 26.7 12.2 19.6

16/04/2019 44.7 28.5 11.2 18

17/04/2019 48.8 31.2 10.3 16.3

23/04/2019 46.3 29.7 14.2 19.7

24/04/2019 50.7 32.6 12.7 23.2

30/04/2019 49.3 31.6 11.2 17.2

1/5/2019 47.1 30.2 14.5 23.2

7/5/2019 48.2 31.1 13.9 28.2

8/5/2019 49.2 31.2 16.3 21.4

14/05/2019 46.9 29.9 14.1 22.9

15/05/2019 49.2 31.3 13.8 25.1

21/05/2019 43.5 27.7 15.1 23.2

22/05/2019 42.6 27.2 14.3 21.3

28/05/2019 40.4 25.9 15.5 25.2

29/05/2019 44.2 28.2 16.1 27.3

40.4 25.9 10.3 16.3

50.7 32.6 16.3 28.2

45.5 29.1 13.2 21.1

50 32.1 16.2 27.7

W-12

W-13

Minimum

Maximum

Average

98 percentile

W-6

W-7

W-8

W-9

W-10

W-11

Table – 3.5H: AAQ OBSERVATIONS : Sakharwahi Village

(A -8)

Week Date

W-1

W-2

W-3

W-4

W-5

N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8

600 41.6 41 41.2 42.4 43.4 41.6 41.2 42.3

700 41.8 42.4 42.6 44.4 44.8 43 43.2 43.7

800 44 43.8 44 44.9 46.2 44.4 43.7 45.1

900 43.3 45.8 46 45.8 48.2 46.4 44.6 47.1

1000 44.8 46.7 46.9 50.6 49.1 47.3 49.4 48

1100 44 46 46.2 49.4 48.4 46.6 48.2 47.3

1200 45.1 48.5 48.7 49.8 50.9 49.1 48.6 49.8

1300 47.1 47.5 47.7 48.8 49.9 48.1 47.6 48.8

1400 45.1 45.2 45.4 49.3 47.6 45.8 48.1 46.5

1500 49.8 42.2 42.4 48.5 44.6 42.8 47.3 43.5

1600 48.2 43.8 44 47.4 46.2 44.4 46.2 45.1

1700 45.9 43 43.2 47.1 45.4 43.6 45.9 44.3

1800 51.9 42.2 42.4 48.2 44.6 42.8 47 43.5

1900 47.5 46.6 46.8 46.6 49 47.2 45.4 47.9

2000 51.4 45.7 45.9 45.2 48.1 46.3 44 47

2100 47.6 44.4 44.6 45.4 46.8 45 44.2 45.7

2200 46 42 42.2 44.5 44.4 42.6 43.3 43.3

2300 45.3 43.4 43.6 43.7 45.8 44 42.5 44.7

2400 45.8 43.5 43.7 43.2 45.9 44.1 42 44.8

100 46 43.1 43.3 41.4 45.5 43.7 40.2 44.4

200 43.5 43.5 43.7 40.8 45.9 44.1 39.6 44.8

300 42.2 43 43.2 41.3 45.4 43.6 41.2 44.3

400 43.5 43.7 43.9 40.8 46.1 44.3 39.9 45

500 43.1 45.5 45.7 42.6 47.9 46.1 41.4 46.8

41.6 – 51.9 41 – 48.5 41.2 – 48.7 40.8 – 50.6 43.4 – 50.9 41.6 – 49.1 39.6 – 49.4 42.3 – 49.8

46.18 44.52 44.72 46.96 46.92 45.12 45.76 45.82

44.2 43.67 43.87 41.97 46.07 44.27 40.97 44.97Ln

Time (Hrs) Stations Code

Day Time

Night Time

Range

Ld

Annexure III

Annexure IV

TABLE: VILLAGE WISE DEMORAPHIC STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY AREA

S.N.

NAME OF

THE

VILLAGE

TALUKA NO OF

HOUSE

HOLDS

POPULATION

SCHEDULE

CASTE

SCHEDULED

TRIBE

LITERATE

TOTAL MALE FEMAL

MALE FEMALE

1 Belora Bhadravati 75 301 156 145 14 13 126 113

2

Ghot

Nimbala Bhadravati 258 1050 555 495 334 196 430 324

3 Chiparala Bhadravati 148 539 281 258 46 97 218 170

4 Chalbardi Bhadravati 226 947 462 485 80 201 368 313

5 Kacharala Bhadravati 169 574 305 269 92 36 204 139

6

Tirawanja

Mokasa Bhadravati 284 1111 589 522 360 59 450 365

7

Chak

Tirawanja Bhadravati 178 849 444 405 62 26 341 270

8 Saiwan Bhadravati 122 430 222 208 167 127 176 130

9 Ghodpeth Bhadravati 791 3244 1659 1585 638 312 1349 1128

10 Nunhara Bhadravati 111 455 230 225 12 169 190 154

11 Dhorwasa Bhadravati 184 708 362 346 49 85 286 230

12 Chiradevi Bhadravati 184 756 403 353 0 238 298 227

13

Kudrara

Raiyyatwan Bhadravati 83 292 147 145 9 6 115 95

14 Goraja Bhadravati 175 729 378 351 71 52 288 235

15 Kochi Bhadravati 129 522 269 253 22 22 212 177

16 Pimpari Bhadravati 234 885 461 424 100 76 344 276

17 Dhonad Bhadravati 147 607 315 292 32 8 246 193

18 Mursa Bhadravati 340 1362 711 651 185 51 537 421

19 Bhadravati Bhadravati 14617 60565 31451 29114 11716 5033 26300 22219

(M Cl)

20 Ambhora Chandrapur 107 507 254 253 6 36 202 184

21 Neri Chandrapur 489 2060 1068 992 535 294 827 645

22 Nagala Chandrapur 331 1384 702 682 132 195 499 371

23 Sakharwahi Chandrapur 395 1632 853 779 230 274 675 522

24

Nagpur

(Chota) Chandrapur 216 861 458 403 309 29 371 276

25

Vichoda

Raiyyatwari Chandrapur 107 461 227 234 171 24 184 161

26

Vichoda

Bk. Chandrapur 106 460 228 232 151 49 175 148

27 Morwa Chandrapur 520 2055 1104 951 202 178 857 662

28 Yerur Chandrapur 438 1564 888 676 197 127 664 427

29 Wandhari Chandrapur 139 576 288 288 105 17 229 212

30 Khutala Chandrapur 426 1717 890 827 382 204 693 547

31 Kosara Chandrapur 261 1200 626 574 165 120 502 403

32 Datala Chandrapur 706 2883 1521 1362 422 91 1186 1023

33 Chichala Chandrapur 1085 4220 2234 1986 635 442 1774 1413

34 Sonegaon Chandrapur 193 827 427 400 3 13 348 295

35 Belsani Chandrapur 233 976 504 472 15 39 384 324

36 Chandur Chandrapur 15 66 36 30 61 0 30 23

37 Mhatardevi Chandrapur 360 1521 759 762 155 344 592 527

38 Shengaon Chandrapur 494 2073 1032 1041 71 113 771 698

39 Mahakurla Chandrapur 136 540 268 272 119 8 223 217

40 Sidur Chandrapur 243 994 540 454 120 9 419 311

41 Vendali Chandrapur 227 1136 592 544 87 27 431 343

42 Dewada Chandrapur 160 654 340 314 121 43 255 198

43 Pandhar Chandrapur 368 1444 748 696 404 39 575 471

Kawada

44 Usgaon Chandrapur 412 1657 861 796 176 317 679 541

45 Dhanora Chandrapur 383 1623 834 789 96 50 617 529

46 Pipri Chandrapur 392 1762 919 843 48 40 718 583

47

Ghugus

(CT) Chandrapur 7438 32654 16980 15674 8741 1645 13757 11528

34835 145433 75581 69852 27848 11574 61115 50761

52% 48%

Sex Composition In Study Area (%)

Male

Female

73%

19%

8%

SC ST & Other Population Comparision in %

Others

SC

ST

0

50

100

150

200

Literacy Male % Literacy Female %

85.97 67.03

80.86 72.66

Maharashtra Study Area

Figure: Sex Ratio Comparison

Figure: SC, ST & other population Comparison

Figure: Literacy Level in the study area

TABLE: EMPLOYMENT PATTERN

S.N.

NAME OF

THE

VILLAGE

TALUKA

TOTAL

MAIN

WORKERS

CULTIVA-

TORS

AGRIL

LAB

HH

INDUSTRY

OTHER

WORKERS

MARGINAL

WORKER

NON

WORKERS

M F M F M F M F M F M F M F

1 Belora Bhadravati 76 16 35 4 25 8 0 0 16 4 2 63 78 66

2

Ghot

Nimbala Bhadravati 226 97 53 26 36 26 1 2 136 43 96 119 233 279

3 Chiparala Bhadravati 146 74 60 31 57 41 0 0 29 2 23 49 112 135

4 Chalbardi Bhadravati 266 184 81 59 46 100 18 5 121 20 34 80 162 221

5 Kacharala Bhadravati 158 18 75 2 74 14 1 0 8 2 2 10 145 241

6

Tirawanja

Mokasa Bhadravati 314 118 41 4 90 72 4 0 179 42 12 12 263 392

7

Chak

Tirawanja Bhadravati 260 8 147 1 91 4 2 0 20 3 10 7 174 390

8 Saiwan Bhadravati 124 48 2 1 9 2 4 0 109 45 11 10 87 150

9 Ghodpeth Bhadravati 796 233 104 36 86 93 33 2 573 102 53 46 810 1306

10 Nunhara Bhadravati 121 10 46 2 42 5 3 0 30 3 25 68 84 147

11 Dhorwasa Bhadravati 186 116 24 3 68 101 3 0 91 12 49 72 127 158

12 Chiradevi Bhadravati 230 201 52 32 149 166 10 1 19 2 1 2 172 150

13

Kudrara

Raiyyatwan Bhadravati 88 72 35 24 36 47 1 0 16 1 2 15 57 58

14 Goraja Bhadravati 204 57 91 17 35 34 0 0 78 6 10 14 164 280

15 Kochi Bhadravati 147 121 84 83 21 36 3 0 39 2 4 15 118 117

16 Pimpari Bhadravati 296 196 120 54 125 135 4 0 47 7 8 44 157 184

17 Dhonad Bhadravati 181 11 91 1 48 7 2 0 40 3 15 161 119 120

18 Mursa Bhadravati 401 281 126 65 126 200 5 4 144 12 26 37 284 333

19

Bhadravati

(M Cl) Bhadravati 14646 2987 283 65 701 586 405 124 13257 2212 1553 1024 15252 25103

20 Ambhora Chandrapur 146 125 47 61 23 46 2 3 74 15 3 2 105 126

21 Neri Chandrapur 575 204 12 8 6 1 9 2 548 193 17 17 476 771

22 Nagala Chandrapur 428 385 212 195 180 169 6 2 30 19 26 19 248 278

23 Sakharwahi Chandrapur 505 293 140 100 91 107 12 2 262 84 25 37 323 449

24

Nagpur

(Chota) Chandrapur 228 62 73 23 97 31 5 0 53 8 14 26 216 315

25

Vichoda

Raiyyatwari Chandrapur 158 150 76 86 41 54 0 0 41 10 1 2 68 82

26 Vichoda Bk. Chandrapur 147 79 36 21 38 25 0 0 73 33 1 12 80 141

27 Morwa Chandrapur 628 231 95 53 91 113 15 3 427 62 34 28 442 692

28 Yerur Chandrapur 499 106 67 32 28 26 10 12 394 36 111 174 278 396

29 Wandhari Chandrapur 194 167 7 3 148 151 1 0 38 13 5 10 89 111

30 Khutala Chandrapur 507 94 6 1 2 4 5 0 494 89 4 14 379 719

31 Kosara Chandrapur 338 50 4 3 27 10 5 1 302 36 8 2 280 522

32 Datala Chandrapur 815 198 64 12 155 75 23 7 573 104 45 46 661 1118

33 Chichala Chandrapur 1145 257 32 15 14 18 26 14 1073 210 116 137 973 1592

34 Sonegaon Chandrapur 224 94 99 46 29 40 1 0 95 8 47 148 156 158

35 Belsani Chandrapur 263 112 133 82 42 18 1 1 87 11 67 133 174 227

36 Chandur Chandrapur 9 9 2 2 3 3 0 1 4 3 10 5 17 16

37 Mhatardevi Chandrapur 408 72 40 6 160 44 12 2 196 20 7 6 344 684

38 Shengaon Chandrapur 535 359 179 125 189 205 4 2 163 27 62 105 435 577

39 Mahakurla Chandrapur 137 75 58 17 37 38 8 7 34 13 5 6 126 191

40 Sidur Chandrapur 302 177 110 57 152 118 0 0 40 2 16 54 222 223

41 Vendali Chandrapur 341 318 174 36 127 271 0 0 40 11 19 16 232 210

42 Dewada Chandrapur 198 81 62 27 51 39 1 1 84 14 20 69 122 164

43 Pandhar Chandrapur 407 253 69 41 187 182 4 3 147 27 9 24 332 419

Kawada

44 Usgaon Chandrapur 515 238 71 72 74 98 3 3 367 65 11 82 335 476

45 Dhanora Chandrapur 522 412 168 104 243 231 2 2 109 75 5 7 307 370

46 Pipri Chandrapur 521 473 286 231 178 213 8 5 49 24 25 10 373 360

47 Ghugus (CT) Chandrapur 7966 1352 53 11 201 86 281 60 7431 1195 728 451 8286 13871

37527 11274 3925 1980 4479 4093 943 271 28180 4930 3377 3490 34677 55088

25%

3%

4%

1%

17% 4%

46%

vocational Pattern of the Study Area

Main Worker

Cultivator Worker

Agril Lab

HH industry

Other Worker

Marginal Worker

Non-Worker

LANDUSE PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA (BASED ON CENSUS 2001)

Sr.No. VILL_NAME TALUKA LAND_FORES OTH_IRR TOT_IRR UN_IRR CULT_WASTE AREA_NA_CU

1 Belora Bhadravati 0.00 0.00 5.00 187.00 21.00 178.00

2 Ghot Nimbala Bhadravati 735.00 0.00 21.00 237.00 13.00 103.00

3 Chiparala Bhadravati 0.00 0.00 2.00 442.00 7.00 64.00

4 Chalbardi Bhadravati 22.00 0.00 9.31 559.00 28.00 35.00

5 Kacharala Bhadravati 28.00 0.00 36.00 364.00 31.00 272.00

6

Tirawanja

Mokasa Bhadravati 0.00 0.00 9.00 255.00 10.00 14.00

7 Chak Tirawanja Bhadravati 0.00 0.00 18.00 517.00 49.00 35.00

8 Saiwan Bhadravati 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

9 Ghodpeth Bhadravati 0.00 0.00 70.00 573.00 415.00 172.00

10 Nunhara Bhadravati 3.00 0.00 3.00 194.00 173.00 33.00

11 Dhorwasa Bhadravati 0.00 20.00 40.00 505.00 140.00 409.00

12 Chiradevi Bhadravati 120.00 0.00 120.00 253.00 43.00 240.00

13

Kudrara

Raiyyatwan Bhadravati 0.00 10.00 36.00 505.00 175.00 90.00

14 Goraja Bhadravati 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.00 23.00 10.00

15 Kochi Bhadravati 0.00 9.00 9.00 302.00 66.00 199.00

16 Pimpari Bhadravati 0.00 0.00 17.00 1689.00 25.00 205.00

17 Dhonad Bhadravati 0.00 1.00 2.00 362.00 40.00 38.00

18 Mursa Bhadravati 0.00 3.00 13.00 641.00 68.00 215.00

19

Bhadravati (M

Cl) Bhadravati Comes under Urban Area

20 Ambhora Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 18.32 0.00 10.30 205.69

21 Neri Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 10.11 0.00 0.00 178.92

22 Nagala Chandrapur 319.93 9.53 149.53 190.31 4.51 0.00

23 Sakharwahi Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 30.00 1031.50 34.60 627.10

24 Nagpur (Chota) Chandrapur 0.00 4.00 44.00 371.00 0.00 295.82

25

Vichoda

Raiyyatwari Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 16.00 169.00 1.68 60.42

26 Vichoda Bk. Chandrapur 0.00 2.00 26.00 236.00 0.11 97.26

27 Morwa Chandrapur 0.00 6.00 55.00 358.00 1.03 620.24

28 Yerur Chandrapur 0.00 20.60 25.60 454.30 3.39 672.40

29 Wandhari Chandrapur 6.22 0.00 1.00 152.00 0.00 176.17

30 Khutala Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 1.50 2.10 0.00 345.67

31 Kosara Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 8.00 35.00 0.00 357.42

32 Datala Chandrapur 0.00 2.00 38.00 183.00 1.22 454.64

33 Chichala Chandrapur 0.30 0.00 0.00 30.60 2.40 453.23

34 Sonegaon Chandrapur 2.35 0.00 4.00 213.00 0.80 59.35

35 Belsani Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 37.00 660.15 32.17 1.78

36 Chandur Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 0.00 157.27 542.00 39.72

37 Mhatardevi Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 0.00 356.26 69.91 3.95

38 Shengaon Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 59.00 1457.98 34.92 2.61

39 Mahakurla Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 2.00 233.00 0.12 169.77

40 Sidur Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 5.00 745.00 1.71 128.11

41 Vendali Chandrapur 0.00 4.00 7.00 590.00 0.27 39.17

42 Dewada Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 6.00 650.23 0.18 62.57

43

Pandhar

Kawada Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 0.00 607.64 0.00 23.21

44 Usgaon Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 22.00 445.00 395.30 44.45

45 Dhanora Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 0.00 886.42 0.00 104.38

46 Pipri Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 8.00 1290.84 1.17 128.25

47 Ghugus (CT) Chandrapur Comes under Urban Area

1236.80 91.13 983.37 19135.60 2464.79 7664.30

Figure: Pie diagram of Land Use Pattern of The Study Area

(Based on Census 2001)

4%

3%

61%

8%

24%

Landuse

Forest Area

Irrigated Area

Unirrigated Area

Culturable Waste

Area not available forcultivation