Properties of Matter

Classifying Matter

• Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space

• 2 categories1. Mixtures- contain more than one kind of matter

that can be separated out2. Substances

• Some are made up of only one kind of matter - elements

• Some are made of more than one kind of matter but cannot be separated without changing the substance

Mixtures

• Homogeneous mixture- contains more than one type of matter and is the same throughout(soda pop, air, chocolate ice cream)

• Heterogeneous mixture- contains more than one type of matter and is not the same throughout (chicken noodle soup)

Substances

• All substances are either elements or compounds

• Elements

• Compounds- substances that are made of 2 or more elements that cannot be separated by physical means

Measuring Matter

• Mass- the amount of matter an object has

• Volume- the amount of space an object takes up

• Density

Volume

• Rectangular solid or cube– Length x width x height

• Cylinder– pi x radius2 x height

• Cone– 1/3 x pi x radius2 x height

• Sphere– 4/3 x pi x radius3

Volume

• Irregular shapes?– Displacement method

• Use graduated cylinder• Object displaces water• Read water level at the bottom of the meniscus

Mass

• Use a scale- measures the gravitational force between an object and Earth, calculates mass from weight

• Use a balance- measures mass of unknown object by comparing it with objects whose masses are known

Mass

• Measuring very large and very small amounts– Use indirect measurement (pg 282)

States of Matter

• Molecule- smallest particle of a compound that retains the properties of the compound

• Atom- smallest particle of an element

Water

• Compound

• Each molecule has one atom of oxygen ad 3 atoms of hydrogen

Mixtures

The Building Blocks

• Atoms

• Molecules

The Atom

• Building blocks of matter– Subatomic particles

• Electrons• Protons• Neutrons