Properties of Matter

Properties of MatterChapter 2, Unit 2

Matter Connections AssignmentSee KeyMatter?What is Matter?Anything that has mass and takes up space.Essential QuestionsAnd the essential questions for this unit are

What are the common properties of matter?How is matter classified?

I. Classifying MatterPure SubstancesEvery sample has a fixed, uniform composition

2. Every sample has the same properties

Ex. Water ice melts at zero degrees Celsius whether it is in the shape of an ice cube or a glacier Bonus:Two types of pure substancesElementssmallest component is an atom have a fixed composition because they contain only one type of atomchemical symbols identify the elements

carbon, C

gold, Au

copper, Cu

iron, FeElementsb. Compoundstwo or more elements joined together in a fixed ratiochemical formulas identify the compound

sugar, C12H22O11water, H2O

Cupric chloride, CuCl2CompoundsQuestionsCan you visually tell the difference between an element and a compound? Why?

How can you tell the difference between an element and compound?9Students will be looking at samples of elements and compounds in test tubesB. MixturesProperties may vary because the composition of a mixture is not fixed

What happens if you evaporate salt water?

Composed of a combination of pure substances

Can be separated by physical means e.g. boiling, sifting, sorting

Mixtures

Substance 1(mica)Substance 2(Feldspar)Substance 3(quartz)C. Types of Mixtures1. Homogeneous- looks the same throughout, a well mixed mixture

2. Heterogeneous- parts look noticeably differentTypes of Mixtures

slate bricksparticle arrangement

particle arrangement

rocklayersSolutions, suspensions, and colloidsClassification is determined by particle sizeSolutionshomogeneousone substance dissolves into another substancecomposed of very small particles that will not settle and cannot be filteredparticles cannot be seen and will not scatter light

Solutions

c. Colloidshomogeneouscomposed of small particles that will not settle and cannot be filteredparticles are not visible and will scatter (block) light

Colloids

d. Suspensionsheterogeneousparticles are large enough to settle if left alonecan be separated by filtrationparticles are visible and will scatter light

Suspensions

More Matter ConnectionsII. Physical Properties of MatterAre characteristics of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the materialHelp identify a substance

C. Allow mixtures to be separatedPhysical properties-examplesExamplesViscosityResistance of a liquid to flowThe higher the viscosity the thicker the liquid

Conductivity- Ability to allow heat or electricity to flow through a material

Which has moreViscosity?Physical properties-examplesMalleability- the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering

4. Hardness

5. Melting Point

Boiling Point

Mass- the amount of matterVolume- the amount of space occupiedWeight- force of gravity acting on a massDensity

Physical properties-examplesDensityMass per unit volume

The density of water is 1.0 g/mL The density of a substance is unique to the substance at a given temperaturemass (grams)volume (milliliters or cm3)D =Things that make you go hmmmm.If the red dots represent matter and the Lt. blue ovals represent space, which of the above would have the most density?Density Practice Lets Practice!

What is the density of an object if it has a mass of 96.5 g and a volume of 5 mL?

What is the object made of? mass (grams)volume (milliliters)D =96.5 grams5 millilitersD =19.3 g/mLgoldDensity Practice mass (grams)volume (cm3)D =m =If the density of a diamond is 3.5 g/cm3, what would the mass of the diamond be if it takes up 0.5 cm3 of space?0.5 cm33.5 g/cm31.75 gramsIII. Separation of Mixtures Using Physical PropertiesPick it apart- large particles, heterogeneous

Use a Magnet- Fe

C. Sifting- separation by size (large)

D. Filtration- separation by size (small) Separation Cont

E. Solubility- dissolving in water

F. Distillation- solutions based on boiling pointsSeparation Cont

G. Decant- pour off the top (density) Separation Cont

Can you solve this mystery?IV. Chemical Properties of MatterThe ability to produce a change in the composition of a substanceTwo common examplesFlammability

Reactivity

V. Chemical and Physical ChangesChemical ChangesWhen a substance changes into a new different substanceOccurs during chemical reactionsExamples: rusting

burning

Chemical changes ContinuedEvidence of a chemical reactionChange of color

Production of a gas (effervescence)

Formation of a solid from liquids (precipitate)

Physical ChangesPhysical ChangesWhen a substances physical appearance is changedThe substance remains the same

Melting or freezing

When wood is chopped it Looks different but remains wood

When substancesfreeze or melt theydo not change whatthey are made of.

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