Chapter 2 The Properties of Matter

What is Matter?

Matter and Volume

Matter- Anything that has mass and takes up space. Everything in the universe that you can see is

made up of matter. Volume- The amount of space taken up, or

occupied, by an object. Because objects have volume, they cannot

occupy the same space at the same time.

Liquid Volume

Units for Liquid Volume L mL cm3

Measuring Liquid Volume Use graduated cylinder– more accurate Meniscus – the curve at a liquids surface

Read liquid measurements from the bottom of the meniscus.

Solid Volume

Regularly Shaped Objects Units for solids

cm3 units (having 3 sides)

Volume = length (l) x width (w) x height (h)

Irregularly Shaped Objects Same units as above Use water displacement method.

Submerge object in a known amount of water and read the level change.

1 mL = 1 cm3

Matter and Mass

Mass– the amount of matter in an object. The more matter in the object, the greater the

mass Mass of an object is the same regardless of the

object’s location in the universe. Mass vs. Weight

Mass and weight do NOT have the same meaning. Weight– the measure of gravitational force exerted on

an object. Will change with location in the universe

Difference Between Mass and Weight

MASS Measure of the amount

of matter in an object Always the same

regardless of location in universe

Measured using a balance

Expressed in grams

WEIGHT Measure of graviatational

force on an object Changes based on

location in the universe Measured using a scale Expressed in Newtons

(N)

Inertia

Inertia- the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion. The object will remain at rest until something

causes the object to move. A moving object will continue moving at the same

speed and in the same direction unless something acts on the object to change speed or direction

Mass: The Measure of Inertia

Mass is the measure of inertia An object with a large mass is harder to get

moving and is harder to stop

1.2 Physical Properties A Physical Property of matter can be observed or measured

without changing the matter’s identity. Examples:

color Melting and boiling points mass Conduct electricity Strength Flexibility State – solid, liquid, or gas Density – the amount of mass in a given volume Solubility Ductility – ability to be draw into wires Malleability – ability to be hammered into sheets

Physical Properties

Viscosity - A liquid’s resistance to flow

Malleable– Can be hammered into thin sheets

Density

Density is a physical property that describes the relationship between mass and volume.

Density- the amount of matter in a given space or volume. Basketball vs. bowling ball.

They both are the same size, but the bowling ball has more mass.

Since it has more mass, it has a greater density

Density Continued

Denser liquids go to the bottom of the container. Think of vinegar and oil salad dressing

Density of solids. Would you rather carry 1kg of feathers or 1kg of

lead? The lead would be much smaller to carry around.

An object will float on water if it is less dense that water

The object will sink if it is more dense than water.

Density Continued

To find density, you must first measure the mass and volume of the object.

The formula is: Density = mass D = m

volume V The unit will be g/cm3 . You may also see kg/m3 or

kg/L

Density Continued

What is the density of an object whose mass is 25g and whose volume is 10 cm3?

Suppose you have a lead ball whose mass is 454 g and density is 11.35 g/cm3. What is the volume of the ball?

Density Continued

What is the mass of a 15 mL sample of mercury with a density of 13.55 g/mL?

A graduated cylinder contains 25 mL of water. When a 4.5 g paper clip is dropped into the water, the water level rises to 36 mL. What is the density of the paper clip?

1.3 Chemical Properties Chemical Properties -Describes matter based on its ability

to change into new matter that has ________ properties. Wood is flammable. (Ability to burn) Reactivity- the ability of two or more substances to

combine. Iron combines with water and oxygen to form rust.

Physical Changes

Physical changes do not form new substances. Physical change- A change that affects one or

more physical properties of a substance. Examples include:

silver shaped into jewelry Cutting a piece of wood Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving sugar in water Cutting or braiding hair

Characteristic Properties

Characteristic properties- These properties are always the same no matter what amount you have.

Chemical change- Occurs when one or more substances are changed into new substances that have new and different properties. When you bake a cake, you combine flour, sugar,

eggs, and several other ingredients. The product is the cake. You cannot unbake the cake and return to the original ingredients.

Signs of a Chemical Change Several signs indicate a chemical change has taken

place. These include: Change in color Change in odor production of heat fizzing and foaming, or bubbling or formation of a precipitate (solid)

When you bake a cake you smell it baking, you see it browning, and when you cut it open you can see pockets of gas.

Color Change

Copper will form a patina when exposed to moist air

Production of a Gas

Carbon Dioxide gas forms when baking soda is mixed with vinegar.

Formation of a Precipitate

Curds in cottage cheese form when acid is added to milk

Composition

Composition- The type of matter that makes up the object and the way that the matter is arranged in the object. Physical changes will not change the composition

of the material. Chemical changes will change the composition of

the material.