Properties of Alcohols

7/17/2019 Properties of Alcohols

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Daniel Li

Properties of Alcohol

SCH 4U1Lab by: Daniel Li

Lab partner(s): Jacob K.

Presented to Mr. Douglas

Monday, September 21, 2015



Daniel Li

TESTABLE QUEST!" #$at is t$e trend in %elting points& boiling points& and solubility o' t$e pri%aryalo$ols butan*ol& propan*ol& and et$anol+

, -P!T,ESS ' t$e lengt$ o' t$e %ain $ain inreases& t$en t$e %elting point and t$e boilingpoint o' t$e substane s$ould inrease beause as t$e nu%ber o' inter%oleular

'ores inrease& t$e %ore energy is reuired to /ea0en t$ose 'ores.

' t$e alo$ols are %i1ed /it$ /ater& t$en t$e alo$ols /ill dissol2e in t$e /ater&beause /ater is polar& /$ile alo$ols are also polar. T$is 'ollo/s t$e solubility ruleo' 3Li0e dissol2es li0e4. Beause o' t$is& t$e alo$ols /ill not dissol2e in ylo$e1anedue to it5s nonpolar nature. ,o/e2er& it is possible 'or t$e arbon $ains in largeralo$ols to o2erpo/er t$is polarity and allo/ t$e alo$ols to dissol2e in t$eylo$e1ane.

EQUPME"T 6 MATE7ALS • 8$e%ial sa'ety goggles

• Lab apron

• MSDS 'or ea$ $e%ial used

• 9 test tubes

• Testtube ra0

• 8$ina %ar0er

• 9 %L glass pipette

• 7ubber stoppers

• Distilled /ater

• Soap

• !rgani /aste disposal

•

Bottles ontainingo Butan*ol

o Et$anol

o Propan*ol

o 8ylo$e1ane

P7!8EDU7E *. 7ead t$roug$ t$e MSDS and list t$e $aards o' t$e $e%ials t$at /ere used.

#rote do/n t$e %elting points and boiling points o' t$e $e%ials;. Put on sa'ety goggles and lab apron9. Used t$e /a1 penil to label t$e 9 test tubes. Using t$e pipette& plaed about

9 %L o' et$anol in one test tube& 9 %L o' propan*ol in t$e seond test tubeand 9 %L o' butan*ol in t$e last test tube.

<. To ea$ test tube& added 9 %L o' ylo$e1ane. Plaed a stopper on t$e testtubes and ga2e t$e test tubes a little s$a0e. 7eorded obser2ations.

=. Sa'ely disposed o' t$e liuids by putting it in an organi /aste disposal.>. 7epeated steps 9=& but used /ater rat$er t$an ylo$e1ane.

SA?ET- 8!"8E7"S Ea$ o' t$e alo$ols& as /ell as ylo$e1ane are @a%%able. eep t$e liuids a/ay'ro% diret $eat and re.



Daniel LiEye ontat /it$ ylo$e1ane s$ould be treated in i%%ediate eye @us$ing 'or *=%inutes as /ell as getting %edial attention. ' s0in ontat ours& i%%ediatelyrinse t$e s0in /it$ /ater. ' se2ere enoug$& /as$ /it$ soap and /ater and applyantibaterial rea%. ' ylo$e1ane is in$aled& re%o2e to 'res$ air& gi2e artiialrespiration or gi2e o1ygen& /$i$e2er is neessary. Do "!T indue 2o%iting i'ingested and get %edial attention i%%ediately.

Pre2ent any ontat /it$ et$anol& butan*ol and propan*ol and %ini%iein$alation o' t$e o%pounds. n all ingestion ases& do "!T indue 2o%iting.

!BSE7CAT!" TABLE Compound Melting Point

(oC)Boiling Point(oC)

Soluble inWater?

Soluble inCycloheane?

Et$anol **< .= -es "oPropan*ol *; F. "o -esButan*ol FG ** "o -es

QUEST!"S a) T$e 2ariable being %easured or reorded in t$is in2estigation /ould be t$e

solubility o' t$e o%pounds. T$is /ould be 0no/n as t$e dependent 2ariable.

Mean/$ile& t$e 2ariable being %anipulated& or t$e independent 2ariable

/ould be t$e substane $osen to be t$e solute& eit$er /ater or ylo$e1ane.

T$e basi relations$ip being tested /ould be t$e solubility o' t$e o%pounds&

et$anol& butan*ol and propan*ol.

b) T$e e2idene olleted did not 'ully e1plain or ans/er t$e uestion. T$e

trends in bot$ %elting point /ere bot$ abrupt and see%ingly rando%. As 'or

t$e alo$ols& t$e solubility doesn5t re%ain onstant& but rat$er Hu%ps

bet/een soluble and insoluble. T$ere doesn5t see% to be a notieable trend.

) n a sense& it5s possible t$at t$e $ypot$esis /ould e1plain t$e solubility. As

%ore $ydrogens and arbons are added in t$e longer $ains su$ as t$e ones'ound in butan*ol and propan*ol& t$ose %oleules /ill pro2ide enoug$ to

o2ero%e t$e polarity o' t$e $ydro1yl. As a result& it5s possible t$e /$ole

alo$ol be$a2es nonpolar and an dissol2e in a nonpolar substane su$ as

ylo$e1ane. As 'or t$e %elting point and boiling point& t$e $ypot$esis does

not support t$e trends 'ound.

d) #$ile t$e $ypot$esis reated an e1plain t$e solubility o' t$e alo$ols& t$e

$ypot$esis does not e1plain /$y t$e %elting point o' t$e alo$ols 2ary so

diIerently. ?or e1a%ple& t$e $ypot$esis /ould suggest t$at et$anol s$ould

$a2e t$e lo/est %elting point& $o/e2er& propan*ol $as one lo/er t$an it.

#$ile t$ere5s a trend in boiling point& yet not in %elting point an be

intriguing and suggests t$at rat$er t$an a gradual $ange in inter%oleular

'ores& t$ere5s a s$i't in t$e $ange& leading to a rat$er odd %elting point. t5s

li0ely t$at t$e 'ores don5t 'ollo/ t$e sa%e general rules /$en %o2ing 'ro% a

solid state to a liuid state.

e) an predit t$at si%ilar to propan*ol and butan*ol& t$e arbon in longer

alo$ol $ains /ill o2erpo/er t$e polarity o' t$e $ydro1yl group. T$is results

in t$e alo$ol beo%ing nonpolar and being soluble in ot$er nonpolar

substanes su$ as ylo$e1ane. T$e boiling points 'or longer $ains /ill

inrease as t$e $ain gets longer& 'ollo/ing t$e sa%e& si%ilar trend t$at t$e



Daniel Lialo$ols tested 'ollo/. As 'or %elting point o' longer $ains& /$i$ is a bit

tri0ier to understand& /ill ontinue to get $ig$er. #$ile t$ere is t$e initial

spi0e do/n in t$e %elting point& predit t$at 'ro% t$at point on& t$e %elting

point /ill gradually rise& 'ollo/ing a si%ilar trend as t$e boiling point. T$is is

li0ely beause o' t$e s$i't %entioned in uestion d) is nearly o%pensated 'or

by t$e ti%e t$e $ain $as gone past t$e initial <arbon or butan*ol $ain.

,o/e2er& t$is is %erely a predition.

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Properties of Alcohols