Alcohols

Complete Combustion of Alcohols IB Chemistry SL

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8J9kif9KYuU&index=22&list=PL73D2BCC23E83D555

Oxidation reactions of alcoholshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vZozMauc_-4&index=23&list=PL73D2BCC23E83D555

Oxidation of primary, secondary alcoholshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSc-Ypps_Io&index=24&list=PL73D2BCC23E83D555 

Cr2O7-2 Cr+3

Breath Analyzer detects ethanol

Reactions of alcohols with carboxylic acids to form esters. State useshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9pHSiPVqng&index=37&list=PL73D2BCC23E83D555 Deduce structures of the polymers formed by alcohols and carboxylic acidshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gNAqy4eAbMU&list=PL73D2BCC23E83D555&index=39

 ESTERIFICATION = CONDENSATION

Ester

 Nucleophilic addition - Formation of alcohols

The incoming nucleophile simply ‘pushes’ the electrons in the pi bond up to the oxygen.

The oxygen acts as a base, abstracting a proton from a nearby acid group in the solvent ex: H2O

  

Ketone Secondary alcohol

R

R

Carboxylic acids are REDUCED to primary alcohols

H- , H2O

CH3COOH + 2 [H] CH3CH2OH

Aldehydes are REDUCED to primary alcohols

H- , H2O

CH3CHO + 2 [H] CH3CH2OH

 Ketones are REDUCED to secondary alcohols  H- , H2O

CH3COCH3 + 2 [H] CH3CHOHCH3

 Nucleophilic addition - Formation of alcohols with NaBH4 or LiAlH4

 Nucleophilic addition - Formation of alcohols

You need to know :

The reducing agent (NaBH4 or LiAlH4) provides one H- which is nucleophilic while the solvent provides the second H

The mechanism with curly arrows is not required