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Propaganda. Williams 2012. What is Propaganda?. PROP-A-GAN-DA NOUN: 1. Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular cause or point of view - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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PROPAGANDA
WILLIAMS2012
WHAT IS PROPAGANDA?PROP-A-GAN-DA
NOUN:
1. Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular cause or point of view
2. Information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc.
Sound familiar?
You may be asking yourself, “What ISN’T propaganda??”
PROPAGANDAPropaganda is..• Influence• Persuasion• Appeal• Manipulation
PROPAGANDA: FRIEND OR FOE?
PROPAGANDA CAN BE USED TO INSPIRE… …AND TO DESTROY.
PROPAGANDA: HOW DOES IT WORK?Propaganda employs a variety of techniques in order to persuade its audience to a desired view or position.
• NAME CALLING• GLITTERING GENERALITIES• TRANSFER• TESTIMONIAL• PLAIN FOLKS• CARD STACKING• BANDWAGON• LOGICAL FALLACIES
PROPAGANDA:NAME CALLING• Uses derogatory
language or words that carry a negative connotation when describing an enemy.
• Attempts to arouse prejudice among the public by labeling the target something that the public dislikes.
PROPAGANDA: GLITTERING GENERALITIES• Uses words that have
different positive meaning for individual subjects, but are linked to highly valued concepts.
• Words often used as glittering generalities are honor, glory, love of country, and freedom.
PROPAGANDA: TRANSFER
• An attempt to make the subject view a certain item in the same way as they view another item.
• Used to transfer negative feelings for one object to another.
• In politics, this technique is often used to transfer blame or bad feelings from one politician to another or from one group of people to another.
PROPAGANDA: TESTIMONIAL• Quotations or
endorsements which attempt to connect a well-known or respectable person with a product or ideal with the intent to better “sell” the product or ideal.
PROPAGANDA: PLAIN FOLKS
• An attempt to convince the public that his or her views reflect those of the “common person”.
• The candidate tries to appear to be working for the benefit of the “common person”.
PROPAGANDA: CARD STACKING
• Only presents information that is positive to an idea or proposal and omits information contrary to it.
• While the information presented is true, other important information is purposely omitted.
PROPAGANDA: BANDWAGON• An appeal to the subject
to follow the crowd.• Tries to convince the
subject that one side is the winning side and that winning is inevitable.
• Appeals to a person’s desire to be on the winning side.
PROPAGANDA: LOGICAL FALLICIES• An argument that
sounds as if it makes sense but the premises given for the conclusion do not provide proper support for the argument.
PROPAGANDA: COMMON TRAITSUses truths, half-truths, or lies • Omits information selectively • Simplifies complex issues or ideas • Plays on emotions • Advertises a cause • Attacks opponents • Targets desired audiences
U.S. Army; World War One
WHAT DO YOU NOTICE?
“One People, One Reich, One Fuhrer!”; Germany; World War Two
WHAT DO YOU NOTICE?
U.S.; World War Two
WHAT DO YOU NOTICE?
Britain; World War One
WHAT DO YOU NOTICE?
“Jews are lice. They cause typhus.”; Germany; 1941
WHAT DO YOU NOTICE?
PROPAGANDA: WHAT CAN YOU DO?• Seek out reliable sources for information;• Watch for combinations of half-truths and lies;• Check for hidden messages;• Watch for use of propaganda common traits;• Be weary of one sided arguments.
PROPAGANDA: WHY WORRY?"Goebbels [Reich Minister of Propaganda 1933-1945] openly admitted that propaganda had little to do with the truth. 'Historical truth may be discovered by a professor of history. We, however, are serving historical necessity. It is not the task of art to be objectively true. The sole aim of propaganda is success’.”
-Propaganda: The Art of Persuasion (Rhodes, 1976)