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Promoting Sustainable Forest Management in Russia
Elena Kulikova,
WWF Russia Forest Programme Director
Russian Forest Sector: Overall Context
Forests of Russia: Wealth and Poverty
• Forest sector as a part of resource-based economy
• 22% of World forests• 3% of World timber trade• 1 place in World by amount of
round wood trade• The lowest stumpage fee in
the World• Profit from forest management
per 1 ha about 10 times less, than in Scandinavia
Global Importance of Russian Forests: Biodiversity and Climate Change Agenda One of four mega-areas of
intact forests in the World (along with Canada, Brazil, and Congo basin)
Russia accounts for 25% of the world's large massifs of intact forests
Russian boreal forests has highest biodiversity and endemism among the other boreal forests in the World
Sink for 15% of global CO2 emissions
Map of Russian Intact Forest
Key Ecological Problems of Russian Forests
• The pioneer “mining” of intact forests massifs is still on-going
• Imperfect forest management practice
• The biodiversity of commercial forests is decreasing (share of aspen and birch increased up to 30-40% of total area)
• As the result of forest fires about 2 mln ha of commercial forests burn every year
On-going Reforms in Russian Forest Sector
• Forest Code (frame character, about 60 sub-ordinate normative acts needed to be developed)
• Maximum decentralization - delivery of responsibilities on forest management to the regional level (re-organization of stricture and staff)
• Changing in export tax policy for round wood• Priority investment projects• May, 2008 – new Government, forestry under the
Ministry of Agriculture, new Head of FFA
Specificity of Forest Reforms Implementation
• All they are implemented simultaneously• Short-term period of realization • Lack of information and communications, a lot
of uncertainties• Lack of public involvement into decision-making
process
WWF RussiaForest Programme Priorities
• Forest Policy,FLEG and illegal logging
• HCVF
• Model forests
• Certification
• GFTN
• Forest and Climate
Forest Policy,FLEG and Illegal logging
Forest Policy
• Tools: Public Ecological Council under Federal Forestry Agency and Forest Council under the Ministry of Agriculture
• Major problem: low quality of new forest legislation • Developing set of amendments• A scorecard of ecological responsibility and
sustainability of forest management of Russian forest regions has been created (by 2010)
Status of FLEG Issues
• Programme of measures on elimination of illegal turnover of wood, adopted by the Government (February, 2007).
• Federal level - set of activities• Regional initiatives• Relevant agencies’ activities (Ministry of Interior,
Custom, Transportation, etc.)
Status of FLEG Issues
BUT…• Due to reforms, uncertainties in legislation, poor
practice of law enforcement, etc. scale of illegal logging is raising
• There are no regional bodies designated for forest violation control or they are very limited in capacities
• Forest guard is abolished and its functions are distributed among 5-9 servicies
• Statistic is not available
FSC Certification
in Russia
FSC standard
• November 11, 2008 Russian national FSC standard got official accreditation.
• Development of this standard started in 1998; the last (fifth) version of it was sent to FSC in December 2007.
Rate of FSC Certification Growth in Russia
• 2000 – first certificate in Altaysky Kray - 32,7 thousand ha
• 2009 – 21 ml ha (North-West, Siberia, Far East)• It comprises 15% of commercial forests• 2-nd place in the world • Leads to improved forest management
FSC Forest Management Certificates in Russia: Geography
FTN Russia as a
Driver of FSC
Certification
Russian Export of Forest Products by Russian Export of Forest Products by Value in 2008Value in 2008
China30%
Finland12%Japan
6%
Other28%
Ukraine3%
Turkey3%
Germany4% Egypt
4%Uzbekistan4%
Kazakhstan4%
Azerbaijan2%
Total Russian Export of Forest Products in 2008:Total Russian Export of Forest Products in 2008:12 549 million USD12 549 million USD
Problems of Russian ForestsProblems of Russian Forests
ILLEGALLOGGING
LOGGING INHIGH
CONSERVATIONVALUE
FORESTS
POORFOREST
MANAGEMENT
Russia avoided deforestation,However there is a lack of high-quality wood in accessible commercial areas
Global Forest and Trade Network – Global Forest and Trade Network – RussiaRussia
GFTN in Russia was established in 1999 as the Association of Environmentally Responsible Timber Producers
Goal – to eliminate illegal logging and drive improvements in forest managementby encouraging voluntary forest certification
At present, GFTN-Russia consists of 50 participants and 10 applicants,
Which manage near 24.8 million ha of leased forests, or 21% of such forests in Russia
GFTN-Russia in 2009GFTN-Russia in 20091 – Ilim Group2 – Arkhangelsk PPM3 – Volga4 – Solombala Sawmill 5 – Kartontara6 – TAMAK 7 – Sawmill-25 8 – Cherepovetsles9 – Lesosibirsk Sawmill-110 – Solikamskbumprom11 – SLT – Sawmill-3 12 – Fankom13 – Dammers14 – Swedwood Tikhvin
15 – Siberian Silver Pine – Management16 – Zalazna Sawmill17 – VM-Invest18 – Cardinal19 – Les Export20 – Premium-les21 – Yeniseylesozavod22 – Arkhangelsk Sawmill-323 – Priozersky DOZ24 – Terneyles25 – Lesinterkom26 – Titan-Lesprom27 – Technoclassik
28 – Mospromstroymaterialy-Vyatka29 – Pankratov30 – Primorsklesprom31 – Primorsky GOK32 – Serebryanaya Sosna33 – TMKPerspektiva34 – Mondi Syktyvkar 35 – Kay 36 – Segezha PPM37 – Sorvizhi-les 38 – Kata39 – Malakhit 40 – PLO Onegales41 – Prizma Holz42 – Onega Sawmill43 – Investlesprom44 – ResursLesTrans45 – Delta-Plus46 – Lesprom-Invest47 – Baikal48 – Gogohiya49 – Exportles Co.50 – Sib-Ekologiya
Share of GFTN-Russia Participants in Share of GFTN-Russia Participants in the Russian Forest Exportthe Russian Forest Export
Pulp & Paper
68%
32%
Sawnwood
13%
87%
Shaped wood
6%
94%
Fibreboard
35%
65%
Furniture
16%
84%
Round wood
5%
95%
Voluntary Forest Certification Systems Voluntary Forest Certification Systems in Russiain Russia
FSC certification began in Russia in 2000FSC National Standard was endorsed in 2008FSC forest area – 21.5 mln ha
PEFC National Standard was endorsed in 2009PEFC forest area – 0 ha
FSC controlled wood certification
and other legality verification systems
1 282 111
101 623 132 823 132 823
3 860 682
7 831 949
14 760 675
19 277 928
20 626 613
0
5 000 000
10 000 000
15 000 000
20 000 000
25 000 000
2000 г 2001 г 2002 г 2003 г 2004 г 2005 г 2006 г 2007 г 2008 г
га
FSC certification Development in Russia
76%
24%
All over the world – > 100 ml ha in > 80 countries
Canada – > 24 ml ha
FSC COC Certificates in RussiaFSC COC Certificates in Russia
2 2 24
8
19
43
60
65
72
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2000 г 2001 г 2002 г 2003 г 2004 г 2005 г 2006 г 2007 г 2008 г 2009 г
2008 – 19, 2009 – 11
FSC FM certificates
The biggest areas :IlimSeverLes – 1 677 413 haIlimSibLes – 1 589 944 haSegezha PPM - 1 524 470 ha
The smallest areas:Mospromstroymaterialy-Vyatka – 4263 haLesintercom – 6903 haPriozersky lesokombinat – 8707 ha
The biggest certified companies: Ilim Group – 4 323 116 гаInvestlesprom – 3 994 821 гаMondi Syktyvkar – 3 078 091 га
Siberia – 4 965 481 ha (22%) Far East – 1 443 504 ha (6%)
FSC Promotion Campaign FSC Promotion Campaign in Russiain Russia
Main goals:1. To communicate ecological, social and forest management features of
certified forests/products, thus influencing the development of purchasing policies of companies and purchasing priorities.
2. To raise up FSC logo recognizability among the interested parties on a domestic market as a sign of guarantee that the unwanted timber volumes are minimized and better forest preservation is secured
Partners:
FSC Promotion Campaign in RussiaFSC Promotion Campaign in Russia
1 – Work with big customers of forest products (big corporate customers, including banks, with social responsible policies)
2 – State and municipal purchasing (Moscow, St.Petersburg, etc.)
3 – Work with big retailers (office paper, DIY, furniture, etc.)
4 – Work with individual customers (mass media, Internet, social advertising)
5 – FSC logo promotion (among corporate and individual customers, promotion campaign)
High Conservation Value Forests
High Conservation Value Forests• Concept is widely used by business in certification process• WWF role: adaptation to the Russian conditions, possible
legalization, identification and mapping, management• Cases, geography, practical use• WWF «Key Requirements on HCVF for the FSC Process
Participants» - widely using• Number of publications• Attempts of legalization are not successful yet
Pskov Model Forest
Topical Questions of Russian Forestry
• How to ensure sustainable forest management
• Profitability of forest use
• Social and ecological issues of forest use
• Role of forests in different forest-growing zones
• System of intensive sustainable management is implemented and demonstrated for the first time in Russia
• Priorities:
increased and stable profit,
conservation of biodiversity,
account of interests of local population
Pskov Model Forest
Nature Conservation Effect of Model Forests
• Key question: is it necessary to explore remote primary forests including intact forests?
• Idea of intensive sustainable forest management in secondary forests of already explored territories as an alternative of intact forests exploitation
• Cluster approach • Already demonstrated ability under Russian
conditions (Pskov Model Forest)
Forest and Cimate
• Pioneer demonstrator project in North-West Russia
• Forest conservation through the retiring of harvesting concessions – creation of regional protected area – decision of regional administration
• Improving harvesting practices – forest harvesting company Svetlozerskles - FSC
• GDNI- expertise on LULUCF• FCNI – membership in Advisory Board on
green standards
Education, Training, Publications
• Text book on sustainable forest management for secondary school
• Text book on sustainable forest management for Higher Education
• “Sustainable Forest Management” Journal