Prokaryotic Diversity

18 Phyla?

80Phyla – uncultured

Aquiflex – most phylogenetic ancient

Thermophiles – ancient?

Fig. 15-1

Aquifex

Thermodesulfobacterium

Thermotoga

Green nonsulfurbacteria

Deinococci

Green sulfurbacteriaGreen sulfurbacteria

Spirochetes

Flavobacteria

Deferribacter

Cytophaga

Planctomyces/Pirellula Verrucomicrobia

Chlamydia

Cyanobacteria

Actinobacteria

Gram-positivebacteria

Nitrospira

Proteobacteria

ProteobacteriaLargest and most metabolically diverse

Purple Sulfur BacteriaUse Hydrogen sulfide

α, β, γ subdivisions

Purple Nonsulfur BacteriaPhotoheterotrophy

Aerobic respiration

Nitrifying bacteriaChemolithotrophs

Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter

Sulfur Oxidizing BacteriaThiobacillus, Beggiatoa

Sulfuric acid produced

Methanotrophs

Anaerobic Archaea –not bacteria

Aerobic ChemoorganotrophsPseudomonas and pseudomonads

PseudomonadsCommon genera: Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas,Burkholderia, GluconobacterMetabolically diverse -100 substratesPlant and human pathogensFluorescent - burn patientsBurkholderia - gandersXanthomonas – soft root vegetables

Zymomonas FermentsAlcohol production in the tropic

Acetic Acid Bacteria

Acetobacter, GluconobacterAlcohol → Acetic acid and Cellulose?

Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

Azotobacter, BeijerinckiaNitrogenase is oxygen sensitiveCysts, capsule, and poly-β-hydroxybuytrate

Neisseria and Relatives

Neisseria, Acinetobacter, Chromobacterium, Moraxella

Some human pathogensMost oxidase positive

Enteric Bacteria

Escherichia, Salmonella, Proteus, EnterobacterFacultative anaerobes, peritrichous flagella,Gut flora, human pathogens

Escherichia

Universal inhabitant of warm blooded animalsVitamin synthesisRarely pathogenic

Salmonella and Shigella

Usually pathogenicSalmonella found in some cold blood animals

Proteus

swarming

Butandiol fermentersEnterobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia

Vibrio and Photobacterium

Oxidase positivePolar flagellaFermentativeAquaticBioluminescent

Rickettsia

Small intracellular parasitesHuman diseasesArthropod vectors

Morphologically Unusual ProteobacteriaSpirillum, Budding Bacteria, Sphaerotilus, Bdellovibrio

Gliding Myxobacteria

Form multicellular fruiting bodiesGlide with slime trails

Sulfate Reducing Bacteria

40 generaAnaerobesAnaerobic respirationDesulfovibrio

Epsilonproteobacteria

Human PathogensCampylobacter, HelicobacterAbundant in the environmentHydrothermal ventsEpibionts of tube worm and shrimp

Word List

Aquiflexus18-80 phylaProteobacteriaPurple sulfur bacteriaPurple non-sulfur bacteriaNitrifying bacteriaSulfur oxidizing bacteriaMethanotrophsPseudomonadsPseudomonasFluorescentXanthomonas

ZymomonasAcetic acid bacteriaNitrogen fixing bacteriaAzotobacterBeijerinckiaNeisseriaEntericEscherichiaSalmonellaShigellaProteusVibrioRickettsia

Word list 2

SphaerotilusBdellovibrioMyxobacteriaDesulfovibrioEpsilonproteobacteriaEpibionts