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HUMAN LANGUAGE VERSUS ANIMAL

COMMUNICATION

As long as people have wondered abo! !he world" !he# have been $n!r$ged b# !he %#s!er$es

o& h%an na!re' The %os! (o%%onpla(e a(!$v$!$es o& or l$ves) !he !h$ngs we !a*e &or

gran!ed) (an be(o%e +$!e p,,l$ng when we !r# !o nders!and !he% s#s!e%a!$(all#'-

Co%%n$(a!$on $s one o& !he %os! appl$ed %e!hods o& e.press$ng a !hogh!" $n&or%a!$on/ $! $s

one o& !he ever#da# a(!$v$!$es !ha! $n!er!w$ne h%an l$&e'0

The (on(ep! has !he %ean$ng o& shar$ng &eel$ngs" $deas and op$n$ons w$!h o!hers' The word

$!sel& der$ves &ro% !he La!$n (o%%n$s- %ean$ng (o%%on-"e$!her !o e.(hange or !o share

so%e sor! o& $n&or%a!$on' The !er% has also ano!her e!#%olog$(al (on(ep!" (o%%n$(are-

!ha! re&ers !o par!$($pa!e" !o a!!end" b! none!heless !he# $lls!ra!e !he sa%e !h$ng'

Co%%n$(a!$on (an be wr$!!en" spo*en or $n!elle(!al $n na!re' I! $s (ons$dered !o be a so($al

need !hrogh wh$(h we e.press or $deas' Th$s pro(ess $%pl$es !wo a!!endan!s" a l$s!ener who

re(e$ves !he verbal %essage and a spea*er who sends !he %essage !o !he l$s!ener' 1henever

!he %essage $s !rans%$!!ed" $! a(!$va!es !he person and !h$s response $s !he prpose o&

(o%%n$(a!$on' Ea(h a(! o& (o%%n$(a!$on re+$res2 a sor(e !ha! $s !he $n&or%a!$on" !he

&or%$ng o& !he %essage and a person wh$(h re(e$ves $!' I! has a n%ber o& %a3or d$%ens$ons"

beg$nn$ng w$!h !he (on!en!" wh$(h $nd$(a!es !he $n&or%a!$on !ha! $s %ean! !o be

(o%%n$(a!ed' 1e also have !he sor(e" wh$(h $s !he spea*er" !he addressor" who $n!rod(es

!he (on!en! $n!o a &or% and !hen he !rans&ers $! !hrogh a (hannel !o !he spea*er w$!h a (er!a$n

prpose e.pe(!$ng &or a &eedba(* or $n o!her words &or a response' Th$s %e(han$s% $s presen!

$n all l$v$ng (rea!res and $! $s a &nda%en!al and n$versal progress !ha! $s done a! all !he

s!ages" even a! an$%als" where $! $s narrower'4

Langage $s a h$ghl# developed s#s!e%" wh$(h $s possessed b# ea(h person &or !he sa*e o&

(o%%n$(a!$on d$s!$ng$sh$ng h%ans &ro% o!her spe($es !hrogh $!s n$+e &or%' I! $s a

well)s!r(!red &or% o& (o%%n$(a!$on !ha! e.$s!s $n d$&&eren! &or%s $n ea(h par! o& !he world'

1Stephen W. ,Littlejohn; Karen A., Foss ; Theories of human communication; 2008, 200;Thomson Wa!s"orth; #elmont2$r. $. Ashalatha, %&oncept of communication'

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An$%als also se !h$s %e!hod" b! !he$r !#pe o& langage $s no! as well organ$,ed as h%an

langage" d$&&er$ng b$olog$(all# &ro% one ano!her' H%an langage $s (ons$dered !o be !he

%os! e&&e(!$ve approa(h o& !rans%$ss$on' The world langage- der$ves also &ro% !he La!$n

l$nga- %ean$ng !onge-' I! $s one o& !he %os! well developed en!$!$es" wh$(h $s $n a

(on!$nos progress" alwa#s add$ng new words and %ean$ngs $n !he (orse o& !$%e'

1$ll$a% 5arne!! (ons$ders verbal (o%%n$(a!$on a (ond$!$on o& !he e.$s!en(e o& h%ans $n

so($e!#-" des(r$b$ng $! as a revol!$onar# d$s(over# (ased b# !he advan(e o& !e(hnolog#' I! $s

!he pro(edre !ha! enables %an !o %a*e resear(hes" !o anal#,e $n&or%a!$on" ga$n$ng

*nowledge !hen !rans&err$ng $! !o !he ne.! genera!$ons' L$ng$s!s d$s(lose !he &a(! !ha! h%an

langage has d$&&eren! !#pes o& real$,a!$ons" s(h as wr$!!en and spo*en &or%'-

5! !here are also o!her l$v$ng spe($es !ha! opera!e w$!h !he sage o& (o%%n$(a!$on and here

we $n(lde an$%als" whose langages are $n!eres!$ng and re+$re resear(h $n order !o be

nders!ood'6

An$%al langage $s d$v$ded $n!o !wo s#s!e%s2 d$s(re!e and non)d$s(re!e" b! !he %essage

l$*ew$se !he s#%bols !he# !r# !o (onve#" are l$%$!ed bo!h $n +an!$!# and d$%ens$on' The$r

(o%%n$(a!$on s#s!e% $s $ns!$n(!$ve/ !he$r +al$!$es (anno! be re%oved" !hese be$ng $nher$!ed

&ro% !he$r !#pe o& spe($es' In !he (ase o& h%ans" $! $s non)$ns!$n(!$ve" be(ase o& !he$r ab$l$!#!o a(+$re and learn langage" !h$s be$ng !he resl! o& so($al $n!era(!$on' 7or $ns!an(e" $& a bab#

grows p $n !he sa%e !$%e as a ppp#" !he (h$ld w$ll be able !o $%$!a!e !he bar*$ng o& !he dog"

whereas !he dog won8! progress !h$s ab$l$!#'9

The &a%os Sw$ss l$ng$s!" 7erd$nand de Sassre de%ons!ra!ed !ha! l$ng$s!$( s$gns or words

are arb$!rar#" be(ase !here $s no (onne(!$on be!ween !he sond o& a word and $!s %ean$ng'

Ono%a!opoe$( words are also regla!ed" even $& !he# are words !ha! are e.pe(!ed !o sond l$*e

wha! !he# represen!' In Engl$sh !he sond !!ered b# !he p$g $s o$n*-" whereas $n Ger%an !he

p$g sonds grn,-' In o!her langages" !he sond o& !he p$g has been redpl$(a!ed" &or

$ns!an(e !he :an$sh p$g- sonds ;&);&" !he :!(h p$g- %a*es *nor *nor and $n 7ren(h gro$n

gro$n'