PROJECT DOCUMENT...of revised World Atlas of Mangroves and other outputs of the Project for sustainable utilization and rational management of mangrove ecosystems. UNEP has secured

INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION

ITTO

PROJECT DOCUMENT

TITLE REVISED WORLD ATLAS OF MANGROVE FOR CONSERVATION

AND RESTORATION OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS SERIAL NUMBER PD 276/04 Rev.2 (F) COMMITTEE REFORESTATION AND FOREST MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED BY GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN ORIGINAL LANGUAGE ENGLISH

SUMMARY In 1997 a World Mangrove Atlas was published by the International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME) with funding from the ITTO. This work was, a remarkable synthesis describing the global distribution of mangrove forests. This work supported the development of a new global perception of the extent and status of these ecosystems and was highly acclaimed. However a new and more detailed edition of this work is urgently needed which will both improve the overall accuracy and update the information gathered in the first volume. Such a volume will enable a more accurate and analytical assessment to be made of mangrove forest area and status down to regional and national levels, which will enable policy development. Where the first edition provided a general summary, this revised volume, aided by the considerable advances in communications and mapping technologies, will contain highly accurate and up-to-date maps and associated information. It will provide the exact baseline against which to measure changes of mangrove area, and thus be critical for informing decision makers, project managers, scientists, NGOs and others concerned with mangrove forests and its ecosystems for sustaining coastal fisheries, as well as those working in fields of sustainable production of mangrove resources, and conservation of biodiversity. The revised the Atlas will be produced by a consortium of relevant partners including the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), UNESCO Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB), UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), United Nations University (UNU). （The work will be published at the end of the project as a 380-page book with some 60 full page maps (over double the number in the first edition) as well as many photographs and illustrations. It will provide the first detailed estimates of changes in mangrove forest cover, worldwide and at regional and national levels. It will distinguish areas of mangrove plantation or restoration. It will update the series of species range maps from the 1997 Atlas, enabling a more detailed appraisal of mangrove biodiversity. The Atlas will also present an assessment of mangrove forest changes and its biodiversity protection on a country-by-country basis. Case-studies through the book will be written by regional experts and provide insights into regional mangrove issues, including primary and potential productivity, biodiversity, and information of present and traditional uses and values. The project will consider broader information dissemination, including preparation of a Mangrove Atlas GIS facility within the GLOMIS mangrove database on which current data can be viewed. It will further include the promotion of importance of mangrove ecosystems to a broader public through the publication of CD-ROM and through translated versions of the Atlas. EXECUTING AGENCY

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS (ISME)

DURATION

24 MONTHS

APPROXIMATE STARTING DATE

TO BE DETERMINED

BUDGET AND PROPOSED SOURCES OF FINANCE

Contribution Local Currency Source in US$ Equivalent

ITTO

ISME Others (FAO, UNU, UNESCO, UNEP-WCMC, and others) TOTAL

430,920

93,530

209,500

733,950

(including in-kind)

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Table of Contents PART I: CONTEXT .......................................................................................................................... 3

PART II: THE PROJECT ................................................................................................................. 5

1 Project Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 5

1.1 Development Objective .................................................................................................... 5

1.2 Specific Objective ............................................................................................................. 5

2 Justification ................................................................................................................................ 5

2.1 Problems to be addressed ............................................................................................... 5

2.2 Intended situation after Project completion ....................................................................... 7

2.3 Project strategy ................................................................................................................ 8

2.4 Target beneficiaries .......................................................................................................... 9

2.5 Technical and scientific aspects ....................................................................................... 9

2.6 Economic, environmental and social aspects ................................................................. 10

2.7 Risks .............................................................................................................................. 10

3 Outputs .................................................................................................................................... 10

4 Activities to Outputs ................................................................................................................. 10

4.1 Output 1: Publication of the Atlas in English, French and Spanish ................................. 10

4.2 Output 2: CD-ROM of Atlas ............................................................................................ 11

4.3 Output 3: Policy Brief Booklet ......................................................................................... 11

4.4 Output 4: GLOMIS Strengthened ................................................................................... 11

5 Logical Framework Worksheets ............................................................................................... 12

6 Workplan .................................................................................................................................. 14

6.1 Workplan in each activity ................................................................................................ 14

6.2 Workplan in each responsible party ............................................................................... 16

7 Budget ..................................................................................................................................... 18

7.1 Overall Project Budget by Activities ................................................................................ 18

7.2 Consolidated Total and Yearly Project Budget by ITTO (US$) ....................................... 21

7.3 Consolidated Project Budget by Source (US$) ............................................................... 22

7.4 Yearly Project Budget by Source .................................................................................... 23

PART III: OPERATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ............................................................................... 24

1 Management Structure ............................................................................................................. 24

2 Monitoring, Reporting and Evaluation ...................................................................................... 25

PART IV: TROPICAL TIMBER FRAMEWORK .............................................................................. 26

1 Compliance with ITTA 1994 Objectives .................................................................................... 26

2 Compliance with ITTO Action Plan ........................................................................................... 26

3 Compliance with ITTO Mangrove Workplan 2002-2006 ........................................................... 27

ANNEXES ...................................................................................................................................... 28

Annex A. Profile of the Executing Agency ...................................................................................... 28

Annex B. Terms of reference for key staff ...................................................................................... 33

Annex C. Summary of the Modifications (answers to the Twenty-seventh Panel) .......................... 34

Annex D. Summary of the Modifications (answers to the Twenty-eight Panel) .............................. 36

Annex E. Potential methods for mapping and threat analysis ........................................................ 38

Annex F. Draft outline of the Revised World Mangrove Atlas ......................................................... 41

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PART I: CONTEXT Origin Mangrove forests are unique and highly productive ecosystems. Located in the coastal zone, they are of critical importance to humanity. Tens of millions of people around the tropics and sub-tropics depend on mangrove forests as a source of fuelwood, charcoal, timber, and other non-timber products. Similar numbers rely on coastal fishery resources within or linked to mangrove ecosystems and as such, Mangrove Ecosystems constitute one of most important source of livelihoods to coastal dwellers. In a less documented role, mangroves defend many coastlines from tsunamis, flooding and erosion, protecting the lives and livelihoods of untold numbers of people. Despite this importance, mangroves are being lost in many areas at alarming rate. Anthropogenic factors contributing to the degradation of mangrove ecosystems include the extensive over-exploitation of mangrove timber for fuelwood, charcoal and constructional purposes; badly designed irrigation dams, which may have negative repercussions on the soil fertility, pollution resulting from industrial wastes, mining, oil exploration and eutrophication; and, extensive exploitation of coastal resources for shells, oysters, clams etc. With these losses are major anthropological impacts, often falling more heavily on marginalized groups such as children, women and the elderly. By contrast, active management of mangroves, including plantation and rehabilitation, can creating new jobs, assist in protecting coastlines, as well as support coastal economies in many areas. To increase public awareness for the worldwide importance of mangrove forests, in 1997, the “World Mangrove Atlas” was produced as one of the outputs of an earlier ITTO project implemented by the International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME). The project was entitled “Manual and a World Natural Mangrove Atlas for Mangrove Ecosystem Restoration (PD 6/93 Rev. 2(F))” in collaboration with the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC). This work contains world and regional mangrove distribution maps as well as some case studies. The case studies reveal more of the geomorphology, mangrove composition and socio-economic condition of the specific areas under study. The Atlas was widely distributed to the general public, educators, scientists and decision makers around the world. To date, the World Mangrove Atlas remains the only worldwide mangrove distribution atlas. It is a critical reference and is cited highly by coastal scientists and managers. However, it is now clear that there can be a number of improvements to this work. Already seven years have passed since it was originally published and, in that time, there have been rapid changes in mangrove forest areas and their management. There have also been great advances in the gathering and dissemination of information about mangrove area changes, especially use of remote sensing. Though the Executing Agency put a large effort to collect and compile available data and maps as much as possible, the 1997 Atlas was constrained by the availability of the information those days, and hence some distribution maps were of low resolution, or were relatively old. Successful resource utilisation and conservation depends on information and on developing an accurate baseline against which to measure changes. While the 1997 Atlas provided a unique and groundbreaking inventory, more accurate and detailed baseline information on mangrove distribution and status is required for successful conservation, rehabilitation, and sustainable utilization of mangrove resources. New technologies which unexpectedly progressed rapidly during past seven years are now available to meet this challenge and to enable us to meet these goals. To conduct and extend any proper activities for conserving and restoring mangrove ecosystems it is essential to have accurate and detailed information, and therefore, there is an urgent need to improve, expand and update the information contained in the Atlas. ISME has implemented several ITTO project and pre-project such as Global Mangrove database and Information System (GLOMIS), PD14/97 Rev. 1(F), and Action Plan on Sustainable Mangrove Management, PPD17/01 Rev.1(F) to support and encourage cooperation for mangrove conservation and rehabilitation. These objectives are consistent with the ITTO’s goal as stated in the following: 1) DECISION 9(XXIX) Mangrove Conservation Programme; recognizing the important of the role

played by mangroves in the conservation of ecosystems as well as in the economy of developing countries with sea coast and noting the leading role of ITTO in the conservation of mangrove forest ecosystems, including its collaborative activities within ISME,

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2) ITTO Yokohama Action Plan 2002-2006; calling on the Organization to inter alia, “promote the conservation, rehabilitation and sustainable utilization of mangroves in collaboration with relevant organizations” and

3) ITTO Mangrove Workplan 2002-2006 in Area 2: Mangrove information and awareness “ Updating/revising of the World Mangrove Atlas” which is one of the important activities prioritised for ITTO’s support.

The urgent necessity of revising of the Atlas has also been recognized by various international organizations such as UNEP-WCMC (formerly WCMC, now linked to the United Nations Environment Programme), who collaborated with ISME in the production of the first Atlas, the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), and the United Nations University (UNU),. These organizations are willing to share some roles in revising the World Mangrove Atlas, either financially or technically. The International Tropical Timber Council has also recognized the urgency of a revised World Mangrove Atlas, both through inclusion of such an activity in the ITTO Mangrove Workplan and through provision of funds (through the overall ITTO 2004-2005 workplan) that have allowed preliminary activities to be undertaken together with FAO ($50,000) and UNEP-WCMC ($80,000). Mapping activities are currently being implemented by UNEP-WCMC with funds provided by ITTO under direct contract to UNEP-WCMC. FAO is also sending available map data to UNEP-WCMC for this purpose. Activities to be implemented by FAO include: combine FAO’s text of on mangroves (vegetative description) with the text from the first atlas (vegetation, functions/uses, threats); translate these into French and Spanish where needed; send the revised text, existing area estimates and preliminary trend analysis to Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) country focal points; etc. with funds provided by ITTO. For collaboration in these activities, ISME also send the revised text to relevant mangrove experts from the ISME members. These two contracts, made between ITTO and UNEP-WCMC, and ITTO and FAO, are to complement and provide necessary data, information, and materials to this Project PD 276/04 Rev. 2 for production of revised World Atlas of Mangroves and other outputs of the Project for sustainable utilization and rational management of mangrove ecosystems. UNEP has secured a further US$65,000 of funding from the Government of Ireland as contribution to activities focusing on African mangroves in production of the Atlas. The proposed revised mangrove atlas will go beyond the scope of the original Atlas in terms of coverage, accuracy and detail. The maps, and the statistics generated from these maps, will be based on the latest available information, largely derived from recent satellite data and brought together and analysed in a GIS (Geographical Information System). The output will contain about double the number of maps that were presented in the previous volume, this will greatly increase the level of detail. The work will contain a comprehensive analysis of changes in mangrove area over the past 25 years. It will also provide a more detailed representation of managed mangrove areas, including protected areas for conservation. It is planned that the format will be more accessible, aimed not only at mangrove specialists, but also towards the needs of decision makers, natural resource managers, conservationists, international agencies, non-governmental organisations, academics and students. The Project recognises that broader education will also lead to the publication of even more accessible information aimed at schoolchildren and the wider public. The output of the project will be linked into the GLOMIS database and efforts will also be made to ensure, through the same Internet facility, that the information can be amended or updated by expert users.

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PART II: THE PROJECT 1 Project Objectives 1.1 Development Objective The Development Objective of this project is to ensure that mangrove forests are managed effectively for sustainable production of timber and non-timber resources without compromising their environmental, ecological and other socio-economic values. This Development Objective is consistent with the ITTO goal of sustainable use of all tropical timbers (in this case mangrove timber). 1.2 Specific Objective The specific objective of this project is to produce a revised, updated and comprehensive mangrove atlas, which can also be used as a tool for decision-makers in order to better ensure the delivery of conservation and development schemes. The revised Atlas will act as a detailed information source and thus it will be indispensable tool for policy development. It will not only provide critical and hitherto unavailable information, but will also contain sufficient detail to act as a baseline against which to measure progress in protecting and maintaining the world’s mangrove resources. The atlas will describe the distribution and status of mangrove forests around the world, with detailed maps showing the distribution of mangroves, and detailed text describing the mangroves in each country of the world, pulling out facts of particular importance, and describing the threats and opportunities facing mangrove communities. The work will provide the baseline knowledge required for management and decision-making at national, regional and global levels. It will encourage a more balanced and holistic approach to the sustainable utilisation of the global mangrove resources and will encourage the flow of information and understanding about importance and roles of mangrove ecosystems between nations, communities and individuals who get direct and indirect benefits from mangrove ecosystems. 2 Justification 2.1 Problems to be addressed It is widely accepted that mangrove forests are being lost through over-exploitation, mismanagement, and conversion to other land uses, in many areas at alarming and accelerating rates. Given the considerable value that mangroves have to human society, such losses rarely make economic or social sense, and these losses often drive increases in poverty and reduce natural resource benefits. Work done by ISME has shown that mangrove loss is, at least in part driven by factors such as ignorance, misconceptions, or the desire for short term gain despite the appreciation of long-term losses. These problems are illustrated in the problem tree shown below:

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Fig. 1. Problem Tree

The problem tree illustrates that a key issue, which underlies mangrove losses worldwide is a lack of information and a lack of understanding of both their value and their present status. Without this information and understanding, many key stakeholders and decision makers are failing to act for their protection, restoration, rational management and sustainable utilisation. This failure to act has far-reaching implications on local economies and poverty alleviation. So many causes are raised for the loss of mangrove forest, yet no single comprehensive and reliable document or book covers accurate global and regional mangrove distribution maps, policy making management approaches, and threat and change analysis to develop policy on and promote sustainable management of mangroves. The initial steps in improving the information base and understanding of mangroves was undertaken in the 1990s when, in order to better understand the condition of mangrove forests, the “World Mangrove Atlas” was published (as one of the outputs of an earlier ITTO/ISME Project entitled, “Manual and a World Natural Mangrove Atlas for Mangrove Ecosystem Restoration (PD 6/93 Rev. 2(F))”). The Atlas was widely distributed to the general public, educators, scientists and decision-makers around the world, served a critical role in raising awareness of the problems facing mangroves, and gave the clearest ever picture of their global distribution. Despite its success, this first ITTO/ISME World Mangrove Atlas was limited in its scope. At the time of its production there were relatively few accurate maps, datasets and remotely sensed imagery relating specifically to mangroves. In spite of putting significant efforts to collect as much of the available data as possible, some of the maps included in the Atlas relied on relatively old data (some dating back over 20 years); others were taken from low-resolution sources so that it was rather difficult to get accurate estimates of the exact extent or surface coverage of mangroves for some areas. While every effort was made to include information on rates of mangrove loss, this was unavailable for the vast majority of countries. Furthermore, the size and scope of the publication did not permit a high resolution output, because at that time high resolution analysis was cost prohibitive. With only 25 two-colour maps, the old Atlas did not provide sufficient detail for readers to see the mangrove distribution in individual countries. Nor did these maps allow for the inclusion of related information, which might include the location of related features such as details of protected and reserved areas, towns and roads. Due to rapid developments in the field of data analysing and information technology, quite different magnitude and more accurate mappings are now available. It is now possible to greatly improve the resolution and accuracy of the maps presented based on the original datasets. The new work will be in full colour, with over 60 maps, showing the mangroves in relation to other features. Accompanying texts will provide the updated information on the mangroves in each country, losses and gains, and their management issues. Particular efforts will be made to ensure that trends of mangrove restoration and rehabilitation are highlighted. The most detailed and accurate assessment of mangrove area changes will also be provided, showing, as far as possible the regional variation in these statistics. Case examples and newly commissioned studies will provide high-resolution data for critical areas.

Continuous global decline in mangrove forest cover, with consequences for local populations, and for biodiversity

No availability of comprehensive and reliable datasets of current and previous global and regional mangrove distribution

Lack of information at national and international levels on the scope and

distribution of loss

Lack of awareness of location, extent and

“ownership” of mangroves

Poor perception of value of resources

and roles of mangroves

Lack of tools to develop policy on and promote

sustainable management

Inadequate policy making, management approach, and guidelines to promote conservation, sustainable management and rational use of mangrove ecosystems at the regional and national level

Continuous global decline in mangrove forest cover, with consequences for local populations, and for biodiversity

No availability of comprehensive and reliable datasets of current and previous global and regional mangrove distribution

Lack of information at national and international levels on the scope and

distribution of loss

Lack of awareness of location, extent and

“ownership” of mangroves

Poor perception of value of resources

and roles of mangroves

Lack of tools to develop policy on and promote

sustainable management

Inadequate policy making, management approach, and guidelines to promote conservation, sustainable management and rational use of mangrove ecosystems at the regional and national level

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This greater level of information will make the revised Atlas a much more useful tool for managers and policy makers. More accurate information will accelerate adequate activities for conservation, rehabilitation, restoration and sustainable utilisation of mangroves. New technologies and new approaches to data gathering and analysis will mean that the revised World Atlas of Mangroves will act as a high precision baseline, presenting to the world, for the first time, in one document key data for planning. Understanding the current condition of mangrove forest is indispensable for developing policies and carrying out management activities. The revised World Atlas of Mangroves with detailed and updated information and data, will become a useful tool for developing policy and promoting activities of sustainable management, and thus it will contribute to the sustainable resource utilisation and conservation of mangrove forest ecosystems. The need for work of this nature is firmly endorsed under Article 1 of the International Tropical Timber Agreement, encouraging, as it will, the sustainable utilisation and conservation of tropical forest and its genetic resources. This need is further highlighted under the ITTO Mangrove Workplan Activities, which call, inter alia, for the updating and revision of the World Mangrove Atlas (ITTO Mangrove Workplan 2002-2006, p5 Activities Area 2) 2.2 Intended situation after Project completion The revised World Atlas of Mangrove will describe the distribution and status of mangrove forests around the world, providing detailed maps showing the location of mangrove forests. Associated texts and tables will provide critical information on existing mangrove forest areas, the losses and gains of mangrove forest areas. Biodiversity and its changes over time will be covered, and social and economic information will be provided relating in particular to present and traditional uses of mangroves. Revision of the first Atlas will thus provide critical mangrove information for developing policies, and increasing awareness to accelerate activities of conservation, rehabilitation, and sustainable utilisation of mangrove ecosystems. The revised Atlas is expected to influence policy development. The expected change, which the Atlas will make, is demonstrable reduction in the rate of loss of mangrove forest, and a demonstrable increase in the rate of mangrove reforestation and afforestation. Effectiveness of the project outputs needs to be evaluated long-term monitoring. The findings will further feed into other actions and will help to update and expand ITTO activities in Mangrove Work Plan 2002-2006. This improved knowledge base will give, for the first time, a comprehensive assessment of the present condition of mangroves worldwide. It will contribute further planning for conservation, rehabilitation and sustainable utilisation of world mangroves for socio-economic development. Utilising GIS technology, it will be easy to retrieve and add new data and to continue to use the global map in other studies and analyses. In addition to updating it will be possible to use the data in future quantitative analyses of mangrove loss against the World Atlas of Mangrove baseline.

Fig. 2. Approximate boundaries for maps to be developed

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By obtaining new datasets of mangrove distribution and detailed analysis of regional condition of mangrove ecosystems, the revised mangrove atlas will help improving conservation, rehabilitation, rational management and sustainable utilisation of mangrove ecosystems. 2.3 Project strategy An Inter-Agency Workshop was held in February 2004, at the United Nations University in Tokyo, comprising representatives from the following organizations: International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), UNESCO Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB), UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), United Nations University (UNU). A flyer prepared by UNESCO-MAB, with the kind support of FAO, ISME, ITTO, UNEP-WCMC and UNU was published, and translated into six languages (Arabic, Chinese, French, Japanese, Portuguese and Spanish) for wide distribution. The first stage in the compilation of this work will comprise data gathering. Data from available sources (existing data from the first Atlas and FAO’s database of mangrove area estimate) and data analysed by UNEP-WCMC as part of the pre-activity to this project funded by ITTO will be combined to act as a baseline on which to build the present work. Combined data will be sent to the Forestry Resources Assessment (FRA) country focal points and ISME members for review and comment. A review of available data will be undertaken and new data will be gathered from around the world in a major outreach exercise. Various techniques, possibly including remote sensing, will be used to fill gaps in the combined data. Alongside the gathering of map-based information, descriptive, statistical and analytical information on the distribution and status of mangroves will be obtained. Spatial threat analysis will be undertaken at regional and global level by identifying and collect information on indicators. In addition, a section covering management approaches will be incorporated. ITTO/ISME’s global Project, the Global Mangrove Database and Information System (GLOMIS) will provide a critical source of reference material for this work, but other information from national sources, scientific publications will also be obtained. Alternative approaches to gathering a global dataset are largely unworkable. It might be possible, for example, to engage national experts to prepare maps for each country, but the costs would be prohibitive while this approach would take a considerable amount of time and present major problems of reliability and consistency between sources. An alternative means of presenting the data would be to focus entirely on digital products, using the Internet or CD-ROM publications. Although these have the advantage of enabling presentation of larger amounts of data than a book they also have drawbacks. Digital information rarely achieves the same impact with a user community and hence may be less effective in influencing policy. It is also harder to establish a baseline at a fixed point in time with a shifting digital database. Finally, for many people, particularly in developing nations, digital technology is expensive and may be inaccessible. To solve such difficulty, the same information will be made available on Stand-alone CD-ROM. This is a logical follow-on from the publication of a book, as it will provide the digital benefits of data presentation and utilisation, but will not detract from the publication and presentation of the findings in the book. Promotional materials such as posters/brochure will be produced, and will be widely distributed to the national and regional government offices/agencies, research institutes, and others who are dealing with management of mangroves. The distribution of promotional materials will be done through GLOMIS Regional Centres, ISME members, FRA contacts of the FAO, and other channels of the participating international organizations. Internet facilities would also be used. During the project the Executing Agency will search for an appropriate place, and will develop a plan for post-publication training for basic study of remote sensed images. Recommendation on possibility of post-publication training will be made by the end of the Project.

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2.4 Target beneficiaries The revised mangrove atlas will go beyond the scope of the first Atlas, with considerable new information, but also with a more accessible format aimed, not only at mangrove species, but also towards the needs of natural resource managers, conservationists, international agencies, non-governmental organizations, academics and students. These various users all stand to benefit in different ways from the improved availability and accessibility of mangrove distribution and status information. A number of uses are outlined below. Information flow and exchange between regions. It is intended that the revised Atlas will enable managers, but also planners, conservationists and academics to learn about work being undertaken in other parts of the globe, supporting the exchange of ideas and approaches to mangrove management and utilisation Global and regional analytical work. Mangroves provide a number of critical goods and services to human communities – an accurate global baseline will enable academic work to more accurately evaluate these roles and so to factor mangroves more accurately into global and regional balance sheets relating to timber resource or non-timber resource production, coastal protection or even reduction of CO2 emission Priority setting. A number of users of the revised Atlas, particularly among the international agencies and national administrative and managerial communities will see, for the first time, the distribution, value, status of, threat to, their mangrove resources and will be able to overcome rapid destruction and unsustainable management of mangrove forests. This will greatly enhance their ability to target and prioritise mangrove management in the national and international agenda. The main target audience for the atlas are practitioners, policy makers, decision makers, mangrove forest managers, coastal zone managers, and national and international agencies, who are making a plan or implement any mangrove management or conservation programmes and or projects as well as those who is adopting such plans and projects. The ultimate target beneficiaries are coastal nations and people who are victims of cyclones, typhoons, floods, tsunamis, and overexploitation as well as threats from sea level rise and of the special problems of small oceanic island nations and all other coastal states. A separate publication will be developed for policy makers. The revised atlas will be a tool for decision-makers in order to apply conservation and development schemes. Awareness-raising for the protection and sustainable use of mangrove habitats will be strengthened not only at the rural community level but also at the political level. 2.5 Technical and scientific aspects The scientific base of the project is as follows: Synthesise the latest information on the distribution of mangrove forest worldwide, and incorporate

new data from unpublished remotely-sensed images in many areas; Provide a series of detailed maps in full colour placing mangrove ecosystems into a wider context

alongside centres of human population, adjacent ecosystems, and protected areas; Provide a detailed text describing the mangroves of every country in the world, pulling out facts of

particular importance, and describing the threats and opportunities facing mangrove communities. The actual technical approach is described below. By using a GIS, the new mangrove map dataset will be available for further updating and manipulation over the long term. It will be easier to add new data and to visualize, manipulate, analyse and display those spatial data into the future. Strong linkages with countries should be maintained in collecting and validating data, while all maps and analyses should include details of the analysts/interpreters responsible for them to aid follow up. Data analysis: One method to provide updated information on worldwide mangrove extent in both digital and hard copy format, at a scale which is globally consistent and of sufficiently high resolution for management purposes, would be to use the Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) imagery held by FAO: image dates range from 1999-2002. UNEP-WCMC has calculated that 732 images in this collection

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cover the mangrove areas of the world. For this data analysis three major steps (Preprocessing, processing and post-processing) would be employed to analyse the images. Full details are available in annex E, Threat Analysis

‘Mangroves at Risk’ will be an indicator: it will flag problem areas around the world where, in the absence of good management, mangrove degradation might be expected, or predicted to occur shortly, given ongoing levels of human activity. Such degradation includes major changes in the species composition, relative species abundance, and/or the productivity of mangrove communities, attributable to human disturbance. This indicator will measure potential risk associated with human activity, not the actual condition of mangroves. Full details are available in Annex E.

2.6 Economic, environmental and social aspects This project will, of itself, not generate direct benefits to individuals regarding economic, environment and social aspects. It is intended, however that the project will underpin, support and encourage other efforts that will bring considerable benefits. The information compiled in the revised mangrove atlas is necessary for accelerating social-economic and environmental improvement of mangrove ecosystems at broad spatial scales over several years or decades. 2.7 Risks The project relies on the gathering of data from multiple sources. The establishment of a baseline from the appropriate data-holdings is guaranteed, however the quality of the final product will be further influenced by the quality and quantity of additional data provided by external sources. We believe that major gaps in data will be filled by the opportunity to develop new datasets, possibly, from remotely sensed imagery . Through this part of the data-gathering process it will be possible to target those areas for which new information is not forthcoming and yet is most urgently needed. Responses or availability of other data to support particular analyses remain difficult to determine. For example it may not be possible to obtain a globally consistent series of figures for mangrove loss, or to develop a global historical baseline. Despite this, it is clear that a new level of information quality will be obtained which will ensure that the statistics will remain not only the best available, but will present a considerable advance over previous studies. 3 Outputs The Specific Objective of this project is to produce a revised, updated and comprehensive revised mangrove atlas. Such an atlas will describe the distribution and status of mangrove forests around the world, with a series of detailed maps showing the location of mangrove distribution, and detailed text describing the mangroves in every country, pulling out facts of particular importance, and describing the threats and opportunities facing mangrove communities. Output 1 Publication of the Atlas in English, French and Spanish Output 2 Electronic version of the Atlas as a CD-ROM form is produced Output 3 Policy brief booklet and promotional materials are produced Output 4 Global Mangrove Database and Information System (GLOMIS) is strengthen 4 Activities to Outputs 4.1. Output 1: Publication of the Atlas in English, French and Spanish

Activity 1.1: Combine existing data to provide a “best” baseline using the available resources from appropriate data-holdings

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Activity 1.2: Contact national experts for review by sending out the revised text, existing maps and data to FRA country focal points, ISME members, and national expertise for review and comments; Analyse information and update data

Activity 1.3: Prepare new data from remote-sensed images for target areas (in particular those areas where other data is poor)

Activity 1.4: Synthesise and analyse the latest information on the distribution of mangrove forests into GIS

Activity 1.5: Planning Review and Expert Review Workshops Activity 1.6: Collect and analyse data on the present distribution, threats and losses of

mangrove forests worldwide Activity 1.7: Development of text on management approaches and policy guidelines Activity 1.8: Undertake case studies and develop the relevant text Activity 1.9: Collect and analyse data on the social and economic benefits of mangrove

forests to local communities from GLOMIS database and other information from national sources and scientific publications

Activity 1.10: Analyse and compile the collected data of maps and texts Activity 1.11: Design, edit and draft the revised mangrove atlas Activity 1.12: Peer review by the experts Activity 1.13: Publish the revised mangrove atlas in English by sub-contract Activity 1.14: Dissemination of English version Activity 1.15: Production and Translation from English into French and Spanish Activity 1.16: Peer review of translated Atlas by the experts Activity 1.17: Printing by sub-contract Activity 1.18: Dissemination of translated Atlas

4.2. Output 2: Electronic version of the Atlas as CD-ROM form is produced (CD-ROM of Atlas)

Activity 2.1: Determination of contents Activity 2.2: Design and edit Activity 2.3: Production and Translation into French and Spanish Activity 2.4: linkage to GLOMIS

4.3. Output 3: Policy brief booklet and promotional materials are produced

Activity 3.1: Development of draft text, synthesizing various elements of the Atlas Activity 3.2: Review by Core Group Activity 3.3: Produce policy brief as a small booklet form (in English, French and Spanish) Activity 3.4: Produce posters Activity 3.5: Dissemination

4.4. Output 4: Strengthen the Global Mangrove Database and Information System (GLOMIS)

Activity 4.1: Enter key sources of new information into GLOMIS Activity 4.2: Disseminate new information on mangrove ecosystems through GLOMIS

- 12 -

5 Logical Framework Worksheets

PROJECT ELEMENTS INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE To ensure that mangrove forests are managed effectively for sustainable production of timber and non-timber resources without compromising their environmental, ecological and socio-economic value

Demonstrable changes in the rate of loss and increase of mangrove forest areas at national/regional/global levels whenever satellite images will be mapped (e.g. 5 years later or 10 years later._

Statistical and accurate, reliable data

Over-exploitation and destruction of mangroves due to the anthropological activities have caused heavy damage to mangrove ecosystems worldwide

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE To produce a revised, updated and comprehensive revised mangrove atlas.

At the end of the project, at least 1500 revisedWorld Altas of Mangrove published to be distributed worldwide.

Project Steering Committee will review the project once a year. Technical board members will check the contents

The original World Mangrove Atlas requires revision with new and updated information Availability of new datasets to analyse present condition of mangroves worldwide as well as information on mangrove management and policy making materials which were not in the original Atlas.

OUTPUTS 1.Revised atlas produced in book form, in English, French and Spanish

By the end of year 1, collected information from various sources held in a single GIS. By the end of year 2, the Atlas with approximately 380 pages including some 60 full page maps, threat analysis, management approach produced in English, French and Spanish to be distributed worldwide.

Critical check by the experts and the Board. Presentation of GIS interface. Detailed workplan and ongoing progress reporting. Mid-term review.

Availability of the map data and experts to analyse them. Provision of data and information by partners Access to critical contacts Cooperation among inter-agencies Availability of translators in French and Spanish

2. Electronic version of the Atlas produced as a CD-ROM form

By the end of year 2,at least 1000 Atlas CD-ROM compiling of electronic data on country profiles including aerial coverage, vegetation types change profiles, etc. produced to be distributed worldwide.

Critical check by the experts and the Board.

Availability of book form of revised Atlas to be converted into digital format

3. Policy brief produced as a small booklet form and produce promotional materials

Compiling and synthesizing various elements on policy and decision making approaches and guidelines for policy brief report, and highlighting key issues for promotional materials

Critical check by the experts and the Board

Availability of book form of revised Atlas to be converted into and referenced for policy brief and promotional materials

4. Global Mangrove Database and Information System (GLOMIS) strengthened

Increase data and distribution of the information on mangrove distribution and losses.

Increase numbers of data and availability of the information in the GLOMIS database

Availability of end users to gain access to GLOMIS

- 13 -

Activities Inputs

Output 1. Publication of the Atlas in English, French and Spanish

Activity 1.1: Combine existing data. Project personnel, Sub-contract

Activity 1.2: National experts’ review; Analyse information, and update data

Project personnel, Sub-contract

Activity 1.3: Prepare new data from remote-sensed images

Project personnel

Activity 1.4: Synthesise and analyse information on mangrove distribution

Project personnel, Sub-contract, Computer set for data analysis, Miscellaneous

Activity 1.5: Planning Review and Expert Review Workshops

Duty Travel and meeting expenses

Activity 1.6: Collect and analyse data on distribution, threats and losses

Project personnel, Sub-contract, Miscellaneous

Activity 1.7: Development of text on management approaches


Activity 1.8: Undertake case studies and develop the relevant text


Activity 1.9: Collect and analyse data from GLOMIS database and other sources


Activity 1.10: Analyse and compile the collected data from texts and maps


Activity 1.11: Design, edit and draft the revised mangrove atlas


Activity 1.12: Peer review by the experts Project personnel, Sub-contract

Activity 1.13: Publish the revised mangrove atlas in English and submit to ITTO


Activity 1.14: Dissemination of English version Sub-contract

Activity 1.15: Production and translation of Atlas from English into French and Spanish

Sub-contract

Activity 1.16: Peer Review of translated Atlas Project personnel

Activity 1.17: Printing by subcontract Sub-contract

Activity 1.18: Dissemination of translated Atlas Project personnel, Sub-contract

Output 2: CD-ROM of Atlas

Activity 2.1: Determination of contents Project personnel, Sub-contract

Activity 2.2: Design, edit and produce Project personnel, Sub-contract

Activity 2.3: Production and translation into French and Spanish

Translation into French and Spanish

Activity 2.4: linkage to GLOMIS Project personnel

Output 3: Policy brief booklet

Activity 3.1: Develop draft text, synthesizing various elements of the Atlas


Activity 3.2: Review by Core Group Project personnel, Sub-contract

Activity 3.3: Production of policy brief as small booklet form


Activity 3.4: Production of posters Project personnel, Sub-contract

Activity 3.5: Dissemination Project personnel, Sub-contract

Output 4: GLOMIS strengthened

Activity 4.1: Enter key sources of new information into GLOMIS

Project personnel

Activity 4.2: Disseminate new information on mangrove ecosystems through GLOMIS

Project personnel

Reports and PSC Travel expenses, meeting expenses, Project personnel

Non-Activity Based Expenditure Office supply, consumable items, bank charges & other miscellaneous exp., communication and postage, auditing fees

- 14 -

6. Workplan

6.1 Workplan in each activity

Activities Activities before approval of PD276/04*

(year 1) (year 2)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12


Activity 1.1: Combine existing data

Activity 1.2: Review by national experts; Analyse and update data

Activity 1.3: Prepare new data from remote-sensed images

Activity 1.4: Synthesise and analyse into GIS

Activity 1.5: Planning Review and Expert Review Workshops

Activity 1.6: Collect and analyse data on distribution, threats and losses

Activity 1.7: Develop text on management approaches and policy guidelines


Activity 1.9: Collect and analyse data from GLOMIS database and other sources

Activity 1.10: Analyse and compile the collected data from texts and maps

Activity 1.11: Design, edit and draft new mangrove atlas

Activity 1.12: Peer review

Activity 1.13: Publish the revised Atlas in English

Activity 1.14: Dissemination

Activity 1.15: Production and Translation

- 15 -

Activity 1.16: Peer Review of translated Atlas

Activity 1.17: Printing of translated Atlas

Activity 1.18: Dissemination of translated Atlas

Output 2: Produce electronic version of the Atlas as CD-ROM form

Activity 2.1: Determination of contents

Activity 2.2: Design and edit

Activity 2.3: Production and Translation

Activity 2.4: linkage to GLOMIS

Output 3: Policy brief and Poster

Activity 3.1: Develop draft text, synthesizing various elements

Activity 3.2: Review by Core Group

Activity 3.3: Production policy brief (English, French and Spanish)

Activity 3.4: Produce posters

Activity 3.5: Dissemination

Output 4: Strengthen GLOMIS

Activity 4.1: Enter key sources of new information into GLOMIS

Activity 4.2: Disseminate new information through GLOMIS

* The activities before approval of PD276/04 started from 1 Inter-agency meeting on 9-10 February 2004 at UNU (Tokyo).

- 16 -

6.2 Workplan in each responsible party

Activities Responsible parties

ITTO ISME FAO UNEP-WCMC

UNESCO UNU


Activity 1.1: Combine existing data x x x

Activity 1.2: Review by national experts; Analyse and update data x x x

Activity 1.3: Prepare new data from remote-sensed images x

Activity 1.4: Synthesise and analyse into GIS x

Activity 1.5: Planning Review and Expert Review Workshops x x x x x x

Activity 1.6: Collect and analyse data on distribution, threats and losses x x x x x

Activity 1.7: Develop text on management approaches and policy guidelines x x x x

Activity 1.8: Undertake case studies and develop the relevant text x x x x x

Activity 1.9: Collect and analyse data from GLOMIS database and other sources x x

Activity 1.10: Analyse and compile the collected data of maps and texts x x x

Activity 1.11: Design, edit and draft new mangrove atlas x x x x x x

Activity 1.12: Peer review x x x x x x

Activity 1.13: Publish the revised Atlas in English by sub--contract x x x x x

Activity 1.14: Dissemination x x x x x x

Activity 1.15: Production and translation into French and Spanish x

Activity 1.16: Peer Review of translated Atlas x x x x x x

Activity 1.17: Printing of translated Atlas x

- 17 -

Activities Responsible parties

ITTO ISME FAO UNEP-WCMC

UNESCO UNU

Activity 1.18: Dissemination of translated Atlas x x x x x x


Activity 2.1: Determination of contents x x x x x x

Activity 2.2: Design and edit x x x x x x

Activity 2.3: Production and Translation x

Activity 2.4: linkage to GLOMIS x

Output 3: Policy brief and Poster

Activity 3.1: Develop draft text, synthesizing various elements x x

Activity 3.2: Review by Core Group x x x x x x

Activity 3.3: Production policy brief (English, French and Spanish) x x x x x x

Activity 3.4: Produce posters x x x x x x

Activity 3.5: Dissemination x x x x x x


Activity 4.1: Enter key sources of new information into GLOMIS x

Activity 4.2: Disseminate new information through GLOMIS x

- 18 -

7. Budget 7.1 Overall Project Budget by Activities Outputs/ACTIVITIES 10.

Personnel 20.

Sub-contract 30.

Duty Travel 40.

Capital Items50.

Consumable 60.

Miscellaneous70. EA’s

Mngmnt cost 80. ITTO

Monitoring Quarter Year GRAND

TOTAL 1. Publication of the Atlas in English, French and Spanish

Activity 1.1. Combine existing data 1,100 (I)1,100(E)

10,000(O) 1,260(I)800 (O)

Y1Q1-Q2 14,260

Activity 1.2: Review by national experts; Analyse and update data

1,600 (I)2, 000 (E)

0(O)

20,000(O) 100 (I)50(E)

Y1Q1-Y2Q3 23,750

Activity 1.3. Prepare new data from remote-sensed images

1,800(I)2,500(E)

35,000(O) 900(I)300 (O)

Y1Q1-Y2Q3 40,500

Activity 1.4 Synthesise and analyse into GIS

1,500(I)1, 700 (E)

3,500(I)35,000(O)

1,200(E) 0(E) 500(I) Y1Q1-Y2Q3 43, 400

Activity 1.5 Planning Review and Expert Review Workshops

1,000 (I) 34,100 (I)39,500 (O)

300 (O)

Y2Q2, Y2Q4 74, 900

Activity 1.6 Collect and analyse data on distribution, threats and losses

13,000 (I)3, 800 (E)

12,000(I) 300 (I)100 (O)

Y1Q1-Y2Q4 29,200

Activity 1.7: Develop text on management approaches and policy guidelines

13,400(I) 9,000(I) Y1Q4-Y3Q1 22,400


12,000 (I)4, 600 (E)

0 (O)

5,000(I) 100 (I)80(E)

Y1Q1-Y3Q1 21,780

Activity 1.9 Collect and analyse data from GLOMIS database and other sources

15,000 (I)4, 800 (E)

2,000(I) 240(I)0(E)

Y1Q1-Y3Q1 22,040

Activity 1.10 Analyse and compile the collected data from output 1 and 2

13,600(I)4, 550 (E)

6,000(I) 300 (I)450 (O)

Y1Q4-Y3Q1 24,900

Activity 1.11 Design, edit and draft revised mangrove atlas

13,900 (I)4, 870 (E)

0(O)

20, 000 (I)18,000(O)

300 (I)150(E)

Y1Q4-Y3Q1 57.220

Activity 1.12 Peer review 600 (I)930(E)

2,000 (I) Y1Q4-Y3Q2 3,530

Activity 1.13 Publish the revised Atlas in English

4,900 (I)3,110 (E)

25, 000 (I)24, 000 (O)

160(E)50(O)

Y2Q1-Q4 57,220

Activity 1.14: Dissemination of English version

8,000(I) Y2Q4 8,000

Activity 1.15: Production and Translation 1,800 (I)300(E)

32,000(I) Y2Q3-Y3Q2 34,100

Activity 1.16: Peer Review of translated Atlas

2,000 (I)700(E)

Y3Q1-Q2 2,700

Activity 1.17: Printing of translated Atlas 1,500(I)1, 000(E)

18,000(I)15,000(O)

Y3Q2 35,500

- 19 -

Outputs/ACTIVITIES 10. Personnel

20. Sub-contract

30. Duty Travel

40. Capital Items

50. Consumable

60. Miscellaneous

70. EA’s Mngmnt cost

80. ITTO Monitoring

Quarter Year GRAND TOTAL

Activity 1.18: Dissemination of translated Atlas

1,000(I)800(E)

12,000(I) Y3Q2 13,800

Sub-total 1 99,700 (I)36,760 (E)

0(O)

154,500(I)0(E)

157,000(O)

34,100(I)39,500(O)

1,200(I) 4,000(I)440(E)

2,000(O)

529,200


Activity 2.1: Determination of contents 1,200 (I)700 (E)

5,500(I) Y2Q2-Y2Q4 7,400

Activity 2.2: Design and edit 2,000 (I)1,000 (E)

15,000(I)10,000(O)

Y2Q2-Y2Q4 28,000

Activity 2.3: Translation 1,000(I)500(E)

2,000(I) Y2Q2-Y2Q4 3,500

Activity 2.4: linkage to GLOMIS 1,500(I)700 (E)

Y3Q1-Q2 2,200

Sub-total 2 5,700 (I)2,900 (E)

22, 500 (I)10,000(O)

41,100

Output3: Policy brief and poster

Activity 3.1: Develop draft text, synthesizing various elements

2,100 (I)800 (E)

6,000(I) Y2Q2-Y2Q4 8,900

Activity 3.2: Review by Core Group 1,600 (I)700 (E)

Y2Q2-Y2Q4 2,300

Activity 3.3: Production policy brief as small booklet form

2,600 (I)1,000 (E)

9,000(I) Y2Q2-Y2Q4 12,600

Activity 3.4: Produce posters 1,100(I)500(E)

4,000(I) Y3Q1-Q2 5,600

Activity 3.5: Dissemination 1,600(I)500(E)

2,000(I) Y3Q2 4,100

Sub-total 3 9,000 (I)3,500 (E)

21,000(I) 33,500


Activity 4.1 Enter key sources of new information into GLOMIS

8,000 (I)5,170 (E)

Y2Q1-Y3Q2 13, 170

Activity 4.2 Disseminate new information through GLOMIS

4,400 (I)5,170 (E)

Y2Q1-Y3Q2 9,570

Sub-total 4 12,400 (I)10,340 (E)

- - - - - - - 22,740

Reports and PSC

YPO, Progress and Completion Report 3,000 (I)2,000 (E)

60(E) Y1, Y2, Y3 5,060

Meeting of Project Steering Committee 1,200 (I)1,300 (E)

10,000 (I)8,230(E)

500 (I) Y1, Y2, Y3 21,230

- 20 -

Outputs/ACTIVITIES 10. Personnel

20. Sub-contract

30. Duty Travel

40. Capital Items

50. Consumable

60. Miscellaneous

70. EA’s Mngmnt cost

80. ITTO Monitoring

Quarter Year GRAND TOTAL

Sub-total 5 4,200 (I)3,300 (E)

- 10,000 (I)8,230(E)

- - 500 (I)60(E)

- - 26,290

Non-activity based expenses

(1) utilities 1,000 (I)1,200 (E)

2,200

(2) office supplies 900 (I) 1,100(E) 1,000(O)

3,000

(3) bank charges 2,500 (I)500(E)

3,000

(4) auditing 4,000(I)1,000(E)

5,000

(5) contingencies 1,000(I)800 (E)

1,800

(6) EA’s management cost 22,200(E) 22,200

(7) ITTO Monitoring 43,920 (I) 43,920

Sub-total 6 - - - - 900 (I) 1,100(E) 1,000(O)

8,500 (I)3,500 (E)

22,200(E) 43,920 (I) 81,120

Sub-total (ITTO) 131,000 198,000 44,100 0 900 13,000 0 43,920 (i) 430,920

Sub-total (ISME) 56,800 0 8,230 1,200 1,100 4,0000 22,200 0 93,530

Sub-total (Other organizations) 0 167,000 39,500 0 1,000 2,000 0 0 209,500

TOTAL 187,800 365,000 91,830 1,200 3,000 19,000 22,200 43,920 733,950

(I): ITTO, (E): Executing Agency, (O): Other organizations

- 21 -

7.2. Consolidated Total and Yearly Project Budget by ITTO (US$) Total Year 1

(1-12 months)

Year 2 (13-24

months) 10. Project personnel

11 Project Coordinator (not full time) 51,000 25,500 25,500

12 Secretarial assistants and Part-time assistants 80,000 38,250 41,750

13 Executive Secretary (1/6 of his total job)

19 Component sub-total 131,000 63,750 67,250

20. Sub-contracts

21 Mapping 15,000 0 15,000

22 Subcontracts for text writing 45,000 15,000 30,000

23 Printing of English version 25,000 25,000

24 Translation into French 20,000 20,000

25 Translation into Spanish 20,000 20,000

26 Editing, printing and distribution of French 25,000 25,000

27 Editing, Printing and distribution of Spanish 25,000 25,000

28a Final editing, referencing and indexing 13,000 13,000

28b Layout, type setting 10,000 10,000


30. Duty travel

31 Travel expenses 10,000 4,000 6,000

32 Workshop 34,100 15,100 19,000


40. Capital items

41 Computer set for data analysis 0 -

49 Component sub-total 0 0 -

50. Consumable items

51 Office supplies and consumable items 900 450 450

59 Component sub-total 900 450 450

60. Miscellaneous

61 Meeting expenses (room, facilities, etc.) 500 500

62 Bank charges & other miscellaneous exp. 2,500 1,300 1,200

63 Utilities 1,000 500 500

64 Communication and postage 1,000 500 500

65 Auditing by CPA 4,000 2,000 2,000

66 Contingencies 4,000 2,000 2,000


Sub-Total 387,000 105,100 281,900

70. Executing Agency's Management Cost

71 Administration -

79 Component sub-total -

80. ITTO Monitor., Evaluat, and Administ. Costs

81 Monitoring and Evaluation costs (2.5%) 12,000

82 Programme support cost (8.0%) 31,920

89 Sub-total 43,920

100 GRAND TOTAL 430,920

- 22 -

7.3. Consolidated Project Budget by Source (US$) Unit

cost Qty Unit Total ITTO ISME Others**

10. Project personnel

11 Project Coordinator (not full time) 2,125 24 m/m 51,000 51,000 - -

12 Secretarial assistants Part-time assistant

2,0001,100

2448

m/m 100,800 80,000 20,800 -

13 Executive Secretary (1/6 of his total job) 1,500 24 36,000 36,000 -

19 Component sub-total 187,800 131,000 56,800 -

20. Sub-contracts

21 Mapping 115,000 total 115,000 15,000 - 100,000

22 Subcontracts for text writing 45,000 total 45,000 45,000 - -

23 Printing and distribution of English version 45,000 1 contract 45,000 25,000 - 20,000

24 Translation into French 30,000 1 contract 30,000 20,000 - 10,000

25 Translation into Spanish 30,000 1 contract 30,000 20,000 - 10,000

26 Editing, printing and distribution of French 30,000 1 contract 30,000 25,000 - 5,000

27 Editing, Printing and distribution of Spanish 30,000 1 contract 30,000 25,000 - 5,000

28a Final editing, referencing and indexing 25,000 1 contract 25,000 13,000 12,000*

28b Layout, typesetting 15,000 1 contract 15,000 10,000 5,000*

29 Component sub-total 365,000 198,000 - 167,000

30. Duty travel

31 Travel expenses (DSA) (Travel) (Travel insurance & contingency)

1502000

60

692323

m/night m/trip m/trip

57,730 10,000 8,230 39,500

32 Workshop total 34,100 34,100 - -

39 Component sub-total 91,830 44,100 8,230 39,500

40. Capital items

41 Computer set for data analysis 1,200 1 set 1,200 0 1,200 -

49 Component sub-total 1,200 0 1,200 -

50. Consumable items

51 Office supplies and consumable items 3,000 total 3,000 900 1,100 1,000

59 Component sub-total 3,000 900 1,100 1,000

60. Miscellaneous

61 Meeting expenses (room, facilities, etc.) 500 4 time 2,000 500 - 1,500

62 Bank charges & other miscellaneous exp. 3,000 total 3,000 2,500 500

63 Utilities 100 24 month 3,000 1,000 2,000

64 Communication and postage 2,000 total 2,000 1,000 500 500

65 Auditing by CPA 2,000 2 times 4,000 4,000 -

66 Contingencies 5,000 total 5,000 4,000 1,000

69 Component sub-total 19,000 13,000 4,000 2,000

Sub-Total 667,830 387,000 71,330 209,500

70. Executing Agency's Management Cost

71 Administration 22,200 22,200 - 22,200 -

79 Component sub-total 22,200 - 22,200 -

80. ITTO Monitor., Evaluat, and Administ. Costs

81 Monitoring and Evaluation costs (2.5%) 12,000 total 12,000 12,000

82 Programme support cost (8%) 31,920 total 31,920 31,920

89 Sub-total 43,920 43,920 - -

100 GRAND TOTAL 733,950 430,920 93,530 209,500

*Possibly from publisher. **UNEP has already secured US$65,000 of funding from the Government of Ireland as contribution to activities focusing on African mangroves; remaining funds to be raised by partners or contributed in-kind.

- 23 -

7.4. Yearly Project Budget by Source

Yearly Project Budget by ITTO

Total Year 1 (1-12

months)

Year 2 (13-24

months) 10. Project Personnel 131,000 63,750 67,250

20. Sub-contracts 198,000 15,000 183,000

30. Duty Travel 44,100 19,100 25,000

40. Capital Items 0 0 -

50. Consumable Items 900 450 450

60. Miscellaneous 13,000 6,800 6,200

Sub-total 387,000 105,100 281,900

80. ITTO Monitoring, Evaluation & Administration 43,920

ITTO Total 430,920

Yearly Project Budget by ISME

Total Year 1 (1-12

months)

Year 2 (13-24

months) 10. Project Personnel 56,800 25,600 31,200

20. Sub-contracts - - -

30. Duty Travel 8,230 4,000 4,230

40. Capital Items 1,200 1,200 -

50. Consumable Items 1,100 600 500

60. Miscellaneous 4,000 2,500 1,500

70. Administration 22,200 11,100 11,100

ISME Total 93,530 45,000 48,530

Yearly Project Budget by Other Organizations

Total Year 1 (1-12

months)

Year 2 (13-24

months) 10. Project Personnel - - -

20. Sub-contracts 167,000 0 167,000

30. Duty Travel 39,500 16,700 22,800

40. Capital Items - - -

50. Consumable Items 1,000 500 500

60. Miscellaneous 2,000 1,000 1,000

Others Total 209,500 18,200 191,300

- 24 -

PART III: OPERATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 1. Management Structure ISME (see Annex A) is an international non-profit, non-governmental scientific society dedicated to the sustainable utilization of mangrove ecosystems for the benefit of all mankind. The Society consists of a President, three Vice-Presidents, the Treasurer and the Executive Secretary. The Secretariat is based in Okinawa, Japan where it occupies facilities provided in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus. The Project will be implemented by ISME, under the guidance of ITTO. The project will be overseen by a Project Steering Committee (PSC) comprising of ITTO, ISME, donors, Project Coordinator, and Inter-agency board (ITTO, ISME, FAO UNESCO, UNU, and UNEP-WCMC). The Project activities will be coordinated by a Project Coordinator, who will be contracted by ISME after nomination by PSC and approval from ITTO. It will meet at least once a year to review the progress of the project implementationContributors for text writing will be subcontracted by ISME Organization Chart of the Project is described in the following diagram.

Fig. 3. The schematic figure of Project structure management

*Direct contract from ITTO: Activities to be implemented by FAO includes: combine FAO’s text of on mangroves (vegetative description) with the text from the first atlas (vegetation, functions/uses, threats); translate these into French and Spanish where needed; send the revised text, existing area estimates and preliminary trend analysis to Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) country focal points; etc. with funds provided by ITTO. Mapping activities are currently being implemented by UNEP-WCMC with funds provided by ITTO under direct contract to UNEP-WCMC. FAO is also sending available map data to UNEP-WCMC for this purpose.

FAO: Main source of information on country profiles (vegetation description, uses and functions, area estimates and changes over time) as well as text for introduction; proposed lead on development of web-based version and CD-ROM and for translations. ISME: Lead proponent of project and developer of project proposal. Executing Agency of ITTO PD276/04 (F). Administrative and financial lead agency for Inter-agency Board. Provision of Project Coordinator and responsibility for product delivery. Provider of technical inputs and case studies. Link to global mangrove specialists for the project. ITTO: Main funding source for initial phase. Provider of technical inputs and case studies. Support to ISME for main funding proposal.

FAO UNEP-WCMCUNU-INWEH

ITTO

Project Steering Committee (PSC) ITTODonorsISMEProject CoordinatorInter-agency board

ISME

*

UNESCO-MAB

ProjectCoordinator

*

：CONTRACT

Output 3Output 1 Output 4Output 2

Atlas production

FAO, ISME, UNESCO-MAB, UNEP-WCMC, UNU-INWEH

CD-ROM production


Policy brief

Poster production


Strengthen GLOMIS

ISME

FAO UNEP-WCMCUNU-INWEH

ITTO

Project Steering Committee (PSC) ITTODonorsISMEProject CoordinatorInter-agency board

ISME

*

UNESCO-MAB

ProjectCoordinator

*

：CONTRACT

Output 3Output 1 Output 4Output 2

Atlas production


CD-ROM production


Policy brief

Poster production


Strengthen GLOMIS

ISME

- 25 -

UNESCO-MAB: Inputs to case studies, threat analysis and section on guidelines. Co-lead on policy brief. Dissemination to educational institutions. UNEP-WCMC: Preparation of maps – including regional threat analysis and the filling of gaps in area estimates through the interpretation of remote sensing imagery. Compilation of book, development of synthesis and overview chapter, design, edit and draft revised atlas, organise peer review and negotiations with external publisher and inputs to web-based version. Co-funding of project activities related to African mangroves and commitment by external publisher to subsidise some costs (e.g printing sales and distribution, PR etc.). UNU-INWEH: Inputs to case studies, threat analysis and section on guidelines. Co-lead on policy brief. Dissemination to universities. Possibility of co-publishing with UNU Press. 2. Monitoring, Reporting and Evaluation Monitoring and Reporting will be carried out to international standards following on from laid down procedures of the ITTO. a) Project Progress Report

Bi-annual Project Progress Report will be submitted to ITTO before the end of February and the end of August in each calendar year during the implementation of the Project. Such progress reports shall contain all information relevant to the financing and implementation of the Project, and shall confirm with the model and content established by the ITTO Manual for Project Monitoring, Review, and Evaluation.

b) Project Completion Report

A Project Completion Report will be submitted to ITTO after the completion of the Project. The Completion Report shall contain all information relevant to the financing and implementation of the Project in accordance to the model of the ITTO Manual for Project Monitoring, Review, and Evaluation.

c) Monitoring, Review and Steering Committee’s visits

The Project Steering Committee will include ITTO, ISME, Donors, Project Coordinator, and Inter-agency Board. The Steering Committee will meet once a year. ITTO will be represented on the Steering Committee and will therefore be well placed to keep the project under regular review. Apart from the regular review, a special monitoring /review visits can be planned anytime after one year from the beginning of the project when necessary.

d) Evaluation

An evaluation mission can be planned to take place 3-6 months before project completion, if and when it considered necessary. The composition of the evaluation mission will be determined by the Steering Committee in agreement with ITTO.

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PART IV: TROPICAL TIMBER FRAMEWORK 1. Compliance with ITTA 1994 Objectives This project complies with the objectives (c), (d), (j) and (l) of the International Tropical Timber Agreement – ITTA, 1994:

Objective c) – To contribute to the process of sustainable development - Much of the mangroves of the equatorial and tropical belts are at present in a degraded condition due to human improper use of mangrove forests and land. However, when silvicultural methods appropriate for the site are practiced, sustainable production can continue over long periods of time, even over a century. Mangrove ecosystems are among the most highly productive of all natural systems. The Project principal aim is to achieve sustainable development of mangrove forests through more accurate and analytical assessment to be made of mangrove area and statues down to regional and national levels.

Objective d, f) –To promote and support research and development with a view to

improving forest management and efficiency of wood utilization as well as increasing the capacity to conserve and enhance other forest values in timber producing tropical forests - Exports of timber and of minor mangrove forest products has been a successful economic venture in selected places since many centuries. Through this project, development of techniques for accurate baseline against which to measure mangrove distribution changes using recent satellite data, and brought together and analysed in a GIS will be promoted. Also socio-economic aspects of mangrove forests will be provided in the publication. The publication will provide guidance for mangrove forest management and sustainability of the production process through case studies, as well as conservation and rehabilitation of mangrove forests.

Objective j) – To encourage members to support and develop industrial tropical timber

reforestation and forest management activities as well as rehabilitation of degrade forest land with due regard for the interests of local communities depended on forest resources - to support and develop tropical timber reforestation and forest management activities are the means to fulfil the fundamental goal of the project (as in d)

Objective l) – To encourage members to develop national policies aimed at sustainable

utilization and conservation of timber production forests and their genetic resources as a maintaining the ecological balance in the regions concerned in the context of tropical timber trade - The project will geared towards developing national policies for sustainable utilization and conservation of timber producing forests and their genetic resources through providing accurate baseline baseline information on mangrove distribution and status.

2. Compliance with ITTO Action Plan The following Objectives and related Actions, in the area of Reforestation and Forest Management, from the Yokohama Action Plan 2002-2006, are specially related to this Project: Goal 1: Support activities to secure the tropical timber resource base. Actions: Especially action 4 is strongly relating with this proposal.

4. Promote the conservation, rehabilitations and sustainable management of threatened forest ecosystems, inter alia mangrove, in collaboration with relevant organizations. In this action following document is footnoted:

In addition to their ecological and socio-economic importance, mangrove forests provide timber and timber-related products that are internationally traded. ITTO has been actively involved with international initiatives relating to mangroves and may support projects which enhance the sustainable management of mangrove forests within the scope of the ITTA.- Aim of the proposal is to produce accurate and reliable world mangrove distribution map and detail text including primary productivity, , timber and non-timber products, and related socio-economic aspect of mangroves in different regions.

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The publication will be distributed to the general public, scientists and decision makers for the conservation, rehabilitation and rational management and sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems.

Followings are other relevant actions to this proposal:

2. Support networking and exchange of information with relevant international organizations to maintain the integrity of the resource base, including protected area networks - Urgent necessity of revising World Mangrove Atlas is well recognized. A number of international organizations such as FAO, UNU, UNESCO and UNEP-WCMC are showing their strong interests in collaborating with and contributing to the project to produce revised World Mangrove Atlas. . 3. In cooperation with relevant organizations, monitor the potential implications for the resource base of climate change and related policy developments, and the contribution of the resource base to the mitigation of the effects of climate change - Mangroves provide a number of critical and good service to human communities. Recent study reveled that mangrove forest especially belowground serves as a great carbon sink which sequesters much higher amount of CO2 than other forests such as tropical rainforest or temperate evergreen forests. The project will produce accurate global baseline of mangrove distribution which will enable academic work to more accurately evaluate these roles which may contribute to the reduction of global warming. 5. Assess opportunities for, and promote development of, non-timber forest products and forest services which can improve the economic attractiveness of maintaining the forest resource base - The project will go beyond the scope of the original Atlas that assess not only the accurate mangrove distribution mapping which will be a baseline for future changes but also prepare detailed text including the case studies of managed mangrove area, biodiversity, and changes in biodiversity over time in the world. Social and economic information from mangrove distributed countries and regions will also be provided, relating to timber and non-timber forest products. 6. Review the current situation regarding any undocumented forestry activities relating to the objectives of the Organization - the project gather map-based information, descriptive and statistical information on the distribution and status of mangroves through the Global Mangrove Database and Information System (GLOMIS), and other information from national sources, scientific publications and gray literatures.

3. Compliance with ITTO Mangrove Workplan 2002-2006

In November 2000, ITTC through Decision 9 (XXIX) recognized the importance of the role played by mangroves in the conservation of ecosystems as well as in the economy of developing countries with sea coast. It also noted that the leading role of ITTO in the conservation of mangrove ecosystems, including its collaborative activities with ISME. It decided to request the Executive Director to develop a work plan, and the ITTO Mangrove Workplan 2002-2006 was published in 2002. This Workplan will provide guidance for the ITTO’s future work in mangrove area for 2002-2006.

This project is directly involved with the following area: Area 2: Mangrove information and awareness

Update/revise the World Mangrove Atlas. Maintain, expand and improve access to existing mangrove information databases

in collaboration with other organization (e.g. GLOMIS).

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ANNEXES Annex A. Profile of the Executing Agency

The Expertise of the Executing Agency International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME) is an international non-profit, non-governmental scientific society, established in August 1990. ISME takes over from the UNDP/UNESCO Regional Mangrove Ecosystems projects. The need to establish an international society arose from the research, training activities and studies commissioned by the UNDP/UNESCO projects on the nature and management of mangrove ecosystems. Among other items, the Statutes of ISME say that “the Society shall collect, evaluate and disseminate information on mangrove ecosystems” and “promote international cooperation.” ISME is affiliated to ICSU (International Council of Scientific Unions) and is part of IUBS (International Union of Biological Sciences) through IABO (International Association of Biological Oceanography). ISME was certified as a Foundation on 23 October 1992, by local government of Japan, affiliated by the Japanese regulation. ISME is an NGO associated with the United Nations Department of Public Information. ISME has good collaboration with International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), United Nations University (UNU), UNESCO, FAO, and with many local NGOs and NPOs. ISME has been implementing several mangrove projects in collaboration with other national and international NGOs such as IUCN-Pakistan, WWF-Japan, and others. The Headquarters of ISME is based in Okinawa, Japan, where it occupies facilities provided in the Faculty of Agriculture, the University of the Ryukyus. The executive body of the Society consists of President, three Vice-Presidents, Treasurer and Executive Secretary, which are drawn from a wide range of countries. The Executive Committee meets once or twice yearly to discuss policies and strategies of the Society, research proposals, publications and other matters of interest of the Society. ISME membership counts over 37 institutional and nearly 850 individual members from 80 countries and regions as of August 2002. ISME has a Chapter in Brazil. Executive Members of ISME (all positions are honorary on a voluntary basis):

President: Prof. Aprilani Soegiarto (Indonesia) / Chairman of Plant Resources of South-East Asia, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Vice-Presidents: H. E. Noboru Nakahira (Japan) / Former Ambassador to United Arab Emirates, Malaysia and Canada; Dr. Marc Steyaert (France) / Former Director of the Division of Marine Sciences, UNESCO; Dr. E. S. Diop (Kenya) / Senior Environmental Affairs Officer of the Div. of Environmental Information, Assessment and Early Warning, UNEP.

Treasurer: Prof. Sanit Aksornkoae (Thailand) / Professor Emeritus, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University

Executive Secretary: Dr. Shigeyuki Baba (Japan) / Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus

The Secretariat

ISME Secretariat is headed by the Executive Secretary, Dr. Shigeyuki BABA. The Secretariat comprises of three full-time staff members. The Executive Secretary is serving the Secretariat on a voluntary basis.

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Aims of ISME:

To promote research and surveys with scientists and organisations for the conservation, rational management, and sustainable utilisation of mangrove and its ecosystems; to serve as an international data-bank on mangrove ecosystems.

Activities of ISME 1) To promote study of mangrove ecosystems; 2) To promote collection, evaluation and dissemination of information on mangrove

ecosystems; 3) To promote research, training and activities for sustainable management, rational

utilization, rehabilitation and conservation of mangrove ecosystems; 4) To develop materials to enhance public awareness of the social, economic and ecological

importance of mangrove ecosystems; 5) To organize and co-sponsor conferences, seminars, symposia and group meetings, giving

lectures and courses, publishing both scientific and popular articles; 6) To support and implement research projects and programmes; 7) To promote consultation and collaboration with other organizations (public and private)

having related purposes; and, To carry out any other activities considered appropriate for objectives of the Society.

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List of Major Activities conducted by ISME in the last 3 years Year/Category Activities Founding

agency 2001

Projects Global Mangrove Database and Information System (GLOMIS) - Phase II

ITTO

Preparation of ITTO Mangrove Workplan ITTO

Pre-project on feasibility on mangrove plantation in UAE JIFPRO

Experimental plantations and raising nurseries of some mangroves in Republic of Maldives

JFGE

Survey project in Iriomote Island RIS

Importance of coastal ecosystems (web-site for school children, Japanese)

Min. of Education

Training JICA Training Course, “Sustainable Management of Mangrove Ecosystems”

JICA

Meetings/ Workshops

<Okinawa, March 2001> GLOMIS Launching ceremony; GLOMIS Open Forum; Meeting of Board of GLOMIS; Meeting of Executive Committee

ITTO and others

Cooperation <Bali, Feb 2001> ASPACO-Bali (UNESCO-MAB)

<Tokyo, July 2001> Mangroves 2001 (Univ. of Tokyo)

<Toulouse, Sept. 2001> Meeting of Experts to draft mangrove workplan (ITTO)

<Apia, Samoa, Nov 2001> ASPACO-Samoa (UNESCO-MAB)

<Hanoi, Nov. 2001> ECOTONE X (UNESCO-MAB)

<Abu Dhabi, UAE, Dec. 2001> 2nd International symposium and workshop on arid zone

environments

Publications ISME Newsletter (No. 24); GLOMIS News (No. 3); Electronic Journal in GLOMIS Web

ITTO and OPG

2002


ITTO

Pre-project, Action Plan on Sustainable Mangrove Management ITTO

Experimental plantations and raising nurseries of some mangroves in Republic of Maldives

JFGE

Survey project in Iriomote Island RIS

Mainstreaming Conservation of Coastal Biodiversity through Formulation of a Code of Conduct for Sustainable Management of Mangrove Forest Ecosystems

World Bank


JICA

Other contract Editing of UNU book, entitled “Mangrove Management and Conservation”

UNU

Meetings/ Workshops

<Ho Chi Minh City, Aug 2002> Fifth General Assembly; Meetings of Executive Committee, Meeting of ISME Foundation Meeting of Council, Workshop on GLOMIS Workshop on Mangrove Action Plan

JIFPRO, ITTO and others

(Okinawa, Japan, Oct 2002) ASPACO Meeting

UNESCO-MAB

(Bangkok, Thailand, Oct 2002) Asia Regional Workshop on the Sustainable Management of

Mangrove Forest Ecosystems

World Bank

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Year/Category Activities Founding agency

Cooperation Joint project preparation “Coastal Habitat at Risk” (UNU/UNESCO/WRI/ISME)

Pre-project on feasibility on mangrove plantation in UAE

UNU Conference “Man and the Ocean – Conserving our Coastal Environment (Tokyo, July 2002)

Web-site for school children, “Importance of Coastal Ecosystems” (in Japanese)

<Doha, Qatar, Jan. 2002> Qatar united for the environment, science & technology

(Quest 2002)

<Cartagena, Feb. 2002> International mangrove workshop for preparing ITTO

Mangrove Workplan (ITTO)

<Yokohama, April 2002> Expert Panel Meeting (ITTO)

ISME Newsletter (No. 25); Electronic Journal

Publication Paintings on mangroves (Danish Cross, ACTMANG, SIDA ISME, MEDR, August 2002)

2003


ITTO

Pre-project, Action Plan on Sustainable Mangrove Management ITTO

Mainstreaming Conservation of Coastal Biodiversity through Formulation of a Code of Conduct for Sustainable Management of Mangrove Forest Ecosystems

World Bank


JICA

Meetings/ Workshops

<Okinawa, July 2003> Meetings of Executive Committee, Meeting of ISME Foundation

<Accra, Ghana, Feb. 200> Africa Regional Workshop on the Sustainable Management

of Mangrove Forest Ecosystems

World Bank

Cooperation <Washington D.C., USA, Aug. 2003> World Bank project review meeting for Draft Code of

Conduct)

<Bogor, Indonesia, Sept 2003> Pre-Ecotone/SeaBRnet Expert Meeting (UNESCO-Jakarta)

<Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, Oct. 2003> International Symposium on Conservation and Wise Use of

Mangroves in Southeast Asia (Ramsar Center Japan)

<Phnom Penh & Siem Reap, Cambodia, Oct. 2003> ECOTONE Workshop & SeaBRnet Meeting (Tonle Sap

Biosphere Reserve, UNESCO),

<Olmue, Chile, Nov. 2003> ASPACO-Chile (UNESCO-MAB)

ISME Newsletter (No. 26); GLOMIS Newsletter (No.4) Electronic Journal

ITTO, OPG

Abbreviations ASPACO : Asia Pacific Cooperation for the Sustainable Use of Renewable Natural Resources in

Biosphere Reserves and Similar Managed Area JICA : Japan International Cooperation Agency JFGE : Japan Fund for Global Environment JIFPRO : Japan International Forestry Promotion Agency OPG : Okinawa Prefectural Government RIS : Research Institute of Subtropics (Okinawa) WB : World Bank

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List of projects and pre-projects submitted to the ITTO

Ref. # Project title Year/Budget (US$) Status

PD 71/89 Rev.1(F) The economic and environmental values of mangrove forests and present state of conservation

1990-1991 Project submitted though (Japan International Association for Mangroves)

Completed

PD 114/90 (F) Workshops on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization on Mangrove Forests in the Latin America and Africa Regions

1992-1994 $480,000

Completed

PD 6/93 Rev.2(F) Manual and a World Natural Mangrove Atlas for Mangrove Ecosystem Restoration

1993-1995 $732,984

Completed

PPD 8/95 Rev.2(F) Mangrove Resource Information System: Evaluation of the Scope and Content of Existing Databases

1996 $95,970 Completed

PD 14/97 Rev.1 (F) Global Mangrove Database and Information System (GLOMIS)

(Phase-I) $883,448 (Phase-II) $209,868

On-going

PPD 17/01 Rev.1 (F) Action Plan on Sustainable Mangrove Management

2002-2003 $181,485

On-going

PD 194/03 Rev.1 (M) Expanding and Improving Global Mangrove Database and Information System (GLOMIS) and its Networking

Two years, $484,865

To be contracted

The Infrastructure of the Executing Agency

The Headquarters of ISME is based in Okinawa, Japan, where it occupies facilities provided in the Faculty of Agriculture, the University of the Ryukyus such as LAN, and laboratories working on physical, chemical and physiological analysis of forests. Also various fields of mangrove researchers as well as researchers of coastal ecosystems who are contributors, collaborators and supporters of ISME are present worldwide. Those researchers belong to organizations where various sorts of facilities are available. Those organizations include governmental institutions, non-governmental institutes, universities and private sectors.

Budget Unit: JPYBudget components Year 2000 Year 2001 Year 2002 Total Personnel 17,351,248 18,537,208 17,493,003 53,381,459Miscellaneous 3,832,120 4,791,619 5,031,221 13,654,960Travel 2,683,697 1,391,776 2,940,076 7,015,549Consumables 1,064,986 358,500 287,516 1,711,002Project implementation 61,408,385 41,411,134 45,368,817 148,188,336Total 86,342,432 66,492,238 71,120,633 223,955,303 Personnel The quantitative of personnel in the forestry-related fields is:

a) Members of Executive Committee: ............................................ 6 b) Members of Council: ................................................................ 20 c) Office Full-time (voluntary) ....................................................... 1 Full-time (paid): ............................................................. 3 Part-time ....................................................................... 2 d) Honorable Advisors: .................................................................. 2 e) Individual members: ............................................................. 850 f) Institutional members: ............................................................. 37

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Annex B. Draft Terms of Reference for key staff

Project Coordinator (PC): The Terms of Reference will be determined by the PSC at its first meeting. Provisional ToR might include following tasks:

a) Coordinate over-all project activities as described in the Project Document under the guidance of ISME Executive Secretary;

b) Communicate, coordinate and supervise work of the sub-contractors; c) Be responsible for collection of information relevant to the aims of the project; d) Be responsible, in consultation with the Project Steering Committee for formatting and

printing of the project output; e) Ensure timely fulfilment of final project output; f) Prepare the Yearly Plan of Operation, Bi-annual Progress Reports, and Project Completion

Report; and g) Facilitate information sharing, liaison and coordination between all project partners

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Annex C. Summary of the Modifications (answers to the Twenty-seventh Panel)

(Corrected lines in the Project Document are underlined) 1. The proposal be reformulated and re-submitted in light of the proposed activities in the

report of the Inter-Agency Workshop

- Three Outputs were added according to the report of the Inter-Agency Workshop, held in 9-10 February 2004. These are:

Output 4: CD-ROM of Atlas Output 5: Policy brief booklet and promotional materials Output 6: French and Spanish versions of the Atlas

- Activities and Logical Frame Worksheets were modified accordingly. (Please refer to

pages 10, 11, and 12 in the revised Project Document)

2. The new Atlas should be a tool for developing policy on and promoting sustainable management of mangroves (rather than simply a description of the resource), and the objectives and problem analysis of a reformulated proposal should reflect this.

There has been less documented to describe worldwide accurate information on present condition of mangroves and policy applied to the respective regions. As the Panel indicated the new Atlas will contain not only mangrove distribution maps and vegetation types but also change analysis, threat analysis and management approached and guidelines which will be a good directional tool for decision makers and policy makers for conservation and sustainable management of mangroves. New sentences are added accordingly under 1.2 - Specific objectives (p.4), and 2.1 - Problems to be addressed (p-8). The current problem of less documentation for development mangrove conservation policy was raised in the Problem Tree (p. 5). To solve this problem detail strategy was added under 2.3 - Project Strategy (p.7-8).

3. The benefits of such an Atlas for many stake-holders would be considerable and should be spelled out in the reformulated proposal.

Since the new Atlas will be covering a wide range of area, it will be appreciated to various types of stake-holders. All the possible stake-holders for this Atlas were listed in the 2.4 - Target beneficiary (p. 8). The ultimate target beneficiaries are coastal nations and people who are victims of cyclones, typhoons, floods, tsunamis, and overexploitation as well as threats from sea level rise and of the special problems of small oceanic island nations and all other coastal states.

4. The Panel recommended to have strong linkages with countries should be maintained in collecting and validating data, while all maps and analyses should include details of the analysts/interpreters responsible for them to aid follow up.

This recommendation is reflected under 2.5 - Technical and scientific aspects (p. 9)

5. The reformulated proposal should consider post-publication training and dissemination and translation of the Atlas into relevant languages.

-- Post-publication training: During the project time, a recommendation on post-

publication training shall be drawn, with appropriate cost-effective time and venue. New sentences are added under 2.3 – Project strategy (p. 8).

-- Dissemination: promotional material will be distributed widely to appropriate targets,

through channels of ISME, ITTO, and other organizations. New sentences are added under 2.3 – Project strategy (p. 8).

-- Translation of the Atlas: Atlas will be translated from English into French and Spanish.

(Please refer to Output 6.)

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6. The Panel recommended that the electronic version of the Atlas be made available in GIS

format to increase its utility to users. --- Production of electronic version is added in the outputs (Output 4).

7. The revision should also take account of the findings of the recently completed ex-post

evaluation of the first Mangrove Atlas project [PD 6/93 Rev.2 (F)]. (Recommendation from the Ex-Post Evaluation Report:) 7-1. ITTO Projects that are designed to influence policy development should be

sufficiently specific about the expected changes and the indicators to measure them.

- The expected changes were added under item 2.2 Intended situation after project

completion. (p. 6-7). The change analysis and threat analysis in the Atlas can be utilized for indicators after long-term evaluation of the mangrove area changes.

- The distribution of all of the outputs and promotional materials will be done through

GLOMIS Regional Centres, ISME members, FRA contacts of the FAO, and other channels of the participating international organizations. Internet facilities would also be used. This is added to 2.3 - Project Strategy.

7-2. In their design, projects should define unambiguously their target groups and

describe clearly the methods of delivery of the outputs of those groups

- The possible target beneficiaries are listed in 2.4 - Target Beneficiaries. - The distribution of all outputs and promotional materials will be done through

GLOMIS Regional Centres, ISME members, FRA contacts of the FAO, and other channels of the participating international organizations. Internet facilities would also be used. This is added to 2.3 Project Strategy.

7-3. It will be important to implement activities aiming at informing policy makers and

other users

Promotional materials will be produced and widely distributed. Sentences are added under 2.3 – Project strategy (p. 8)

7-4. It will be important to ensure that it is published at least in English, French and

Spanish

The Atlas, policy brief and promotional materials will be produced in English, French and Spanish. They are indicated in the Outputs (p. 10).

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Annex D. Summary of the Modifications (answers to the Twenty-eighth Panel)

(Corrected lines in the Project Document are double-underlined)

Followings are modifications made according to the Panel’s recommendation. After the 2nd Inter-agency meeting held in 12-13October 2004 at FAO, in Roma, Italy, the Executing Agency incorporated various amendments in keeping with the Panel’s recommendations made by the Inter-agency Board (ITTO, ISME, FAO, UNESCO, UNEP-WCMC and UNU). Major changes are described below:

1. Clarify relationship between Specific Objective and Problems to be Addressed:

A sentence was added in page 5 to describe that the major problem is the lack of accurate and comprehensive mangrove dataset book with mangrove management to be used as a tool for policy and decision makers, in order to better ensure the delivery of conservation and development schemes. Therefore, production of revised Atlas defined in this proposal is necessary.

2. Combine Outputs 1, 2, 3 and 6 into a single output:

Outputs 1, 2, 3 and 6 were combined into a single output “Publication of the Atlas in English, French and Spanish” as suggested. Output numbers and the activity numbers were adjusted, and the same adjustments were made on sections 5 (logical framework worksheets), 6 (workplan) and 7.1 (budget by activities) accordingly.

3. Strengthen the description of technical and scientific aspects:

Brief potential methods for mapping analysis were described in Technical and Scientific Aspect Section (page-10) including information on the types of remote sensing images, and analytical techniques to be employed. Also potential method for threat analysis were described in the section including indicators and further detail methods are described in Annex E.

4. Reformulate and improve the Problem Tree:

The Problem Tree was reformulated and improved (p.5) to show clear relationship of cause and effect with simply stating one cause per box.

5. Reformulate and improve the LFM:

Logical Frame Matrix was reformulated in p.12; especially statements of indicators, verification and assumptions were re-written to be clearer.

6. Reformulate and improve the organizational chart/description of partner roles

The organizational chart/description of partner roles were reformulated and improved to clarify the role of the inter-agency group taking into account the February 2004 partner meeting, and the project management structure taking into account October 2004 meeting. (p27.) Since this project will be carried out through the cooperation of 6 different organizations, some roles toward outputs were also described in the chart.

7. Describe related on-going work under ITTO’s 2004-2005 Work Programme

Brief description was added under origin (p. 3). Related on-going works are to complement and provide necessary data, information, and materials to this Project PD 276/04 for production of Revised Atlas and other outputs for sustainable utilization and rational management of mangrove ecosystems.

8. Duration of the project was reduced from 30 months to 24 months suggested by Inter-agency Board at the occasion of October 2004 meeting. The related sections such as budget, and workplan were modified accordingly.

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9. The Inter-agency group felt that budget allocated for translation, printing and editing was insufficient, and it also felt that some amount of budget should be needed for typesetting and layout. Accordingly, some changes were made to increase total budget for US$54,555.

Out of US$54,555, ISME would like to request US$41,235 to ITTO, breakdown is as follows: Additional US$15,000 for budget lines #26 (editing, printing and distribution of French) and

#27 (editing, printing and distribution of Spanish) US$23,000 for new budget lines #28a (Final editing, referencing and indexing) and #28b

(Layout and typesetting) $3,235: ITTO monitoring cost: The rest of the increased budget will be provided by the inter-agency organizations.

10. The title of the project proposal was “New World Mangrove Atlas for Conservation and

Restoration of Mangrove Ecosystems.” However, it was raised at the Meeting that the word “New World” is confusing, for it may be confused as “Mangrove Atlas for New World”. Therefore, it was suggested by the Meeting to change the title of the project from “New World Mangrove Atlas for Conservation and Restoration of Mangrove Ecosystems” to “Revised World Atlas of Mangrove for Conservation and Restoration of Mangrove Ecosystems.”

11. Draft outline of the revised World Atlas of Mangroves is described in Annex F as suggested by

the 2nd Inter-agency board at the occasion of the Rome Meeting .

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Annex E. Potential methods for mangrove mapping and threat analysis

Mangrove Mapping

Objective The primary objective is to provide updated information on worldwide mangrove extent in both digital and hard copy format, at a scale which is globally consistent and of sufficiently high resolution for management purposes, with quantified accuracy. Data Review The data to be used in this project are the Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) imagery held by FAO: image dates range from 1999-2002. UNEP-WCMC have calculated that 732 images in this collection cover the mangrove areas of the world. Preprocessing

(a) The Landsat images are currently in individual band files. In order for analysis to commence the files must be in a single file format. This requires a process called “layerstacking” to be undertaken with all 723 image tiles. This will be done as a batch process. The resulting file will have bands 1,2,3,4,5,7 included.

(b) Once layerstacking is complete, each file must be visually assessed for cloud cover, potential errors or problems. Cloud cover can obscure mangrove extent and spectral signature and cause underestimation of mangrove cover or omission altogether. Clouds will be removed with a cloud-masking model that identifies spectral signatures within a specific range representative of clouds. Those signatures can then be removed from the overall image. Other potential errors or problems include bad scan lines, extreme haze or atmospheric pollution; all of which can be dealt with via haze removal, atmospheric correction algorithms or scan line reduction functions. It is important to address these issues as a preprocessing step rather than have them potentially influence the overall

classification later.

(c) The images will be organized into regions. Each region will be subset into mosaicked images. Mosaicking images together will allow for a more efficient classification process in terms of time and effort. An equalization function will be applied to mosaicked images so that different atmospheric conditions reflected in each image will not negatively influence the final classification outcome (different conditions occur due to the different days and times of year images were acquired).

(d) In order to focus the classification on areas of maximum likelihood of mangrove presence, a mask will be applied to all images eliminating water features and areas further than 50 km from the coast: if mangroves are known to occur further inland than 50 km a custom mask will be derived by hand for that locality.

2. Processing (classification) (a) The classification will be a regional maximum likelihood supervised classification utilizing bands 5,4,3. Since mangrove spectral signatures vary slightly around the globe depending on water conditions, nearby soil runoff influence as well as overall mangrove health and community species composition, it is important to have signatures truly representative of different regions reflecting these different mangrove conditions. The classifier will therefore be regionalized to increase overall accuracy. For processing purposes there will be approximately 15 regions worldwide and classification will be based on Landsat bands 3,4,5 which most are appropriate due to reduced atmospheric attenuation effects (as compared with bands 1 & 2), vegetation discrimination, healthy vegetation biomass as well as other factors. When these three bands are combined, mangroves are clearly identifiable both by their spectral signature as well as their distinct texture and pattern along the coastline. When regional classifications are combined the overall result will be a worldwide map of a single mangrove class. 3. Post-processing

(a) The classified images will be made available for review and comment through the mangrove IMAPS system and will be compared with field data. This will permit the contextual editing of the classified images and an accuracy assessment. The data will be validated by the mangrove experts such as ISME members and country/FRA contacts.

(b) The final output of this effort will be .jpg/.tiff (picture) format maps ready for cartographic design and inclusion in the World Atlas of Mangroves, statistics describing mangrove extent in each region and the world, and a georeferenced classified digital map of global mangrove extent.

Threat Analysis

‘Mangroves at Risk’ will be an indicator: it will flag problem areas around the world where, in the absence of good management, mangrove degradation might be expected, or predicted to occur shortly, given ongoing levels of human activity. Such degradation includes major changes in the species composition, relative species abundance, and/or the productivity of mangrove communities, attributable to human disturbance. This indicator will measure potential risk associated with human activity, not the actual condition of mangroves.

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The exact details will have to be elucidated in the course of the project but provisionally the analysis would cover potential threats from

(i) coastal development

(ii) overexploitation and destructive fishery practices

(iii) the impact of inland pollution, erosion/sedimentation and land use

(iv) marine pollution.

It is unlikely to be feasible for this assessment to include possible future threats posed by population growth or climate change.

The results will be based on a series of distance relationships correlating mapped locations of human activity such as ports and towns, oil wells, coastal mining activities, and shipping lanes ("component indicators"), with predicted risk zones of likely environmental degradation. Detailed subnational statistics on population density, size of urban areas, and land cover type will also be incorporated into the analysis. In addition, we will use data on rainfall and topography to help estimate potential runoff within watersheds, from inland deforestation (and other land clearing), and from agriculture.

Distance rules defining threat zones will be established for each component indicator, (i)-(iv) above, using information on known locations of mangrove areas documented already degraded by human activity. Minimum distances will be established through expert review and input, and by determining the most conservative set of rules that, when taken in aggregation for any one of the four threat categories, will assure that we encompass at least two-thirds of all known degraded sites affected by activities related to that category.

Draft risk maps could/will (?) be revised at a global workshop attended by mangrove experts as part of the World Atlas of Mangroves project. At that workshop scientists could possibly also map mangrove areas under high threat from other factors which cannot be expressed spatially without consolidated expert opinion, for example, destructive fishing practices and areas of intense shipping within narrow passages or ‘shipping threat areas’.

A similar approach has accurately classified over 80% of coral reef sites known to be degraded by humans as ‘at risk’. A comparable level of accuracy could be expected for a mangrove indicator.

For the purposes of illustration the following table demonstrates the decision rules, based on minimum distance thresholds, used for coral reefs:

Threat factor: Coastal development

Component indicator Qualifier High Risk Medium Risk

Cities population over 5 million within 30 km 30-60 km

Cities population over 1 million within 20 km 20-40 km

Cities population over 100,000, with little sewage treatment

within 10 km 10-25 km

Cities population over 100,000, with moderate sewage treatment

-- within 10 km

Settlements any size -- within 8 km

Airports and military bases military and civilian airports -- within 10 km

Mines any type within 10 km --

Tourist resorts including diving facilities -- within 8 km

Threat Factor: Marine Pollution

Component Indicator Qualifier High Risk Medium Risk

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Ports large size within 20 km within 50 km

Ports medium size within 10 km within 30 km

Ports small size -- within 10 km

Oil tanks and wells any size within 4 km within 10 km

"Shipping threat areas" known major shipping routes with areas of relatively narrow passage

-- defined zone

Threat Factor: Overexploitation and Destructive Fishing


Population density coastal population density exceeds 100 persons per sq, km.

within 20 km --

Population density coastal population density exceeds 20 persons per sq. km.

-- within 20 km

Destructive fishing expert-defined areas where blast or cyanide fishing occur

within 20 km --

Threat factor: Inland pollution and erosion


Modelled relative erosion potential (REP)

based on the relative slope, land cover class, and precipitation in an area

scaled to modelled river flow

scaled to modelled river flow

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Annex F. Draft outline of the Revised World Mangrove Atlas Following is a preliminary draft outline of the revised World Mangrove Atlas. This outline will be finalized and modified as required by the Project Steering Committee on the basis of information availability. Draft outline of the World Atlas of Mangroves Section I – Overview Introduction to mangroves The value of mangroves Global distribution map Methodology used for area assessments and threat analysis Synthesis of finding Management approaches and synthesis implication Section II – Regional overview and country/area profiles

REGIONAL Regional summaries and threat mapping Spatial coverage

COUNTRY/AREA Vegetation description Main functions and uses of mangroves Threats Change estimates Maps Section III – Case Studies Detailed analysis of distribution, threats and management approaches Change Analysis at national/sub-national level Rehabilitation Thematic studies including functions and uses Section IV – Tree species distribution maps References Index List of case studies to be added in the proposal (draft outline) as agreed at the meeting (13th October) Policy level cased studies (recent policies & legislation – reduce vote of destruction) Climate change and carbon sequestration (sea level rise) Mangroves and fisheries Mangroves and livelihood & poverty Threats analysis (pollution, shrimp farming) Tallest, weirdest mangrove species-areas Role of communities Ecotourism Rehabilitation, restoration & conservation (protected areas may be included as separate section) Trans-boundary management Evaluation of service

Documents

PROJECT DOCUMENT...of revised World Atlas of Mangroves and other outputs of the Project for sustainable utilization and rational management of mangrove ecosystems. UNEP has secured