Project Introduction

Blueprinting, Architectural Lines, Term Project, Project

Layout, and Cost

Blue Printing Drawings

HistoryBlue print paper--Diazo

The Process

History• An early reproduction process produced prints

having white lines on a dark blue background. They

were called blueprints.White on Blue

History• Today the reproduction results are reversed, that is,

dark lines on a white background. These are actually called whiteprints although the term “blueprint” is more traditionally used even though it is incorrectly used.

Blue on White

Blue print paper--Diazo

• Blueprinting is actually a photographic method of coping an original drawing.

• Blueprinting creats a direct, positive copy of the original drawing.

• Diazo prints have a white (bluish) background and dark (blue) line work.

• Diazo paper is coated with a yellow chemical (diazo) that is light sensitive, this chemical decomposes wherever it is exposed to light

The Process• The process is called the Diazo or

sometimes Ozalid process. There are two basic steps in the process:

–1) Exposing –2) Developing

1--Exposing• Diazo-coated paper (yellow) face-up with the drawing face-up

on top of the dizao paper fed into the machine and exposes them to an ultraviolet light.

• Light passes through the drawing except where the graphite lines are on the drawing. The light deactivates the dizao chemical and makes it white

• Where the pencil line of graphite are the dizao chemical remains to be developed

2--Developing• The print paper,

separated from the drawing, is exposed to ammonia vapor to develop the images into dark lines.

• The darkness of the lines depends upon the blackness of the drawing line and the exposure time in the machine.

Class Time to make Blueprints

Line Types & Line Widths

• Line Types--describe different aspects of the drawing

• Line Widths--emphasize importance of features on a drawing

& PROFILE LINES

MEDIUM

• What leads to used for the various line types:

Border, Profile, Cutting plane lines

Hidden linesDimension, Center, & Section linesConstruction & Guide lines

Outline, Visible or Object lines

Line Type Applications

DECK

Line Type Applications

Drawing Technique at Line Intersections

PREFERRED BY ARCHITECTS

Line Type Examples

ARROWS OR

(HIDDEN--SHORT AND LONG)CENTER LINE

CROSSING CORNERS

Architectural Line Types (handout)

• Use this handout as a guide and comparison to evaluate and measure your line widths or thickness and see if your lines are equal in width

• All lines must have lots of graphite on them to make dark blueprint lines

Line Exercise• “A” size vellum• Draw borders and complete title block• Draw, with instruments, 9-2 1/4”squares

centered in drawing space• Do all lines, at first, as layout lines then

complete exercise with the alphabet of lines and line widths as given in handout

• Make blueprint for instructors evaluation

“A” size Title Block

Class Demo for Line Exercise

Term Project

Measuring the Presentation Drawing

• The drawing has been photo reduced and can not be measured with a regular ruler.

Making the Shrink ruler• Ruler made of known distances such as: bath

tub, hallways, stair, cabinets, used to measure unknown distances (only rough)

Tub lengthis 5’-0”

ShrinkRuler

Shrin

kRu

ler

Stair widthis 3’-0”

Budget Guidelines

• Clients’ construction budget limit is $135,000.00• Lot cost $15,000.00• Total Project cost = $135K + $15K = $150K• Estimated Cost determined by Square Foot

Method: Square Foot (X) Factor = Estimated $• Square foot includes walls and living space

Class Project Cost Factors• The factors can be effected by location and all the other

aspects of design.• Utah cost factors ranges from $65.00(low) to

$150.00(high)/sqft• Class Cost Factors:

– $75.00/sqft--main floor space finished– $55.00/sqft--upper level floor space finished– $35.00/sqft--garage space finished– $15.00/sqft--porch space complete– $10.00/sqft--terrace/patio space complete

Project Cost Breakdown

1,0561,040

68,64046,800

13,7502,300

1,000

550230

132,49015,000

147,490

Project Drawing Requirements

• Drawings and Sheet numbers of Project

Project Sheet Layout• Notice each sheet

contains drawings and/or arrangement of drawings

• Note change of Electrical Symbol Schedule location

Here

Title Block for all Project Drawings

Cost Per Square Foot Breakdown

• Factor used depends upon several aspects of home design:– Ranch verses Two-Story Designs– Finished verses Unfinished Designs– Economical verses Luxury Designs– Essentials verses Extras Designs

Ranch verses Two-Story Design

• More expensive to build a ranch house (one that is spread over a large area)

• Two-Story Design share roof and foundation cost

Finished verses Unfinished Design

• More materials and labor used to finish a home the cost are much higher with the finished design

Economical verses Luxury Design

• The wide range of material quality make a difference in home cost.

• Materials such as floor coverings (carpet, etc.), appliances, plumbing fixtures, electrical fixtures influence the home cost

Essentials verses Extras Design

• Features that could raise cost in a home design: – extra bathrooms, – more than one fireplace, – large garages, – spas/sauna/whirlpool, – swimming pool, etc.

Cost ExerciseNote this exercise is not on Project House, see handout

• Formula:– 3 1/2 x Gross Yearly Income

• Example: (GYI = $50,000)– 3.5 x 50,000 = $175,000 max loan

• P = Principle• I = Interest• T = Taxes• I = Insurance• Mortgage--PI • Escrow--3rd party agreement• Amortization Schedule--a

chart listing payment periods & PI over load

• Closing Cost--fees & down $ paid at closing

• Down Payment--up front money paid at closing

• Foreclosure--Repossessing of property

• Lien--claim on property as security

• Title Insurance--guarantee property is free and clear

Gross Income Comparisons

• Total Project Cost = $152,000 (round up actual loan amount [95%] and look on PI chart)

152,000 x .95 = 144,400.001,115.00

1,265.00

144,400/ 2 1/2 = 57,760

(1,265/.28) 12 = 54,214